Pramuka Island Research Articles

Perbandingan Komposisi dan Struktur Komunitas Makroalga antara Pulau Semak Daun dan Pulau Pramuka di Taman Nasional Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta

Kepulauan Seribu have diverse biodiversity, one of which is macroalgae located in the Tourism Utilization Zone and the residential zone. Environmental factors, such as substrate, water quality and the presence of human activities, are very different on each island. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in the composition and structure of macroalgae communities on islands in the Tourism Utilization Zone, Semak Daun Island and islands in the Settlement Zone, Pramuka Island. Settlement Zone, Pramuka Island. The method used is a quadrat transect. 16 types of macroalgae were found on Semak Daun Island and 26 types of macroalgae on Pramuka Island. The diversity value on Semak Daun Island is categorized as moderate with a value of 1.84 and on Pramuka Island is categorized as moderate with a value of 2.64. The highest INP value on Semak Daun Island is Sargassum binderi and the highest INP on Pramuka Island is Halimeda macroloba.

Assessment of Low-Cost Tide Gauges to Meet GLOSS 1-cm Precision and Accuracy Standards: A Case Study on Pramuka Island, Indonesia

The expansion of the tide gauge network along the coasts is essential for better monitoring of sea-level dynamics. Owing to climate change, the urgency has been exacerbated, especially during the last two decades. However, densification a challenging task because of the lack of affordability of the sensor, especially in the Global South. Further, the precision and accuracy requirements of 1-cm imposed by the Global Sea Level Observing System (GLOSS) is too restrictive, particularly for low-cost tide gauge sensors. Here, we evaluated the performance of a low-cost DIY tide gauge in meeting these standards. Three sets of sea level observations from IR-TIDES, a DIY tide gauge sensor observed in 2016 and 2018, were subjected to a performance test in terms of precision and accuracy in comparison with a global tide model and two neighbouring established tide gauges. All three datasets were estimated to have an 8- cm standard deviation as a metric for the precision level. In terms of accuracy, the IR-TIDES datasets had a standard deviation of 25 cm and a correlation coefficient of 0.616. Overall, IR-TIDES demonstrated sufficient precision while still lacking accuracy, partially meeting the GLOSS quality standard. These findings could strengthen the confidence level of a low-cost DIY tide gauge, especially for use as a back-up and redundant sensor for an established tide gauge station after ad-dressing the limitations.

The Effect of New Normal Enforcement On The Tourism Industry Sector

This research was conducted to determine the effect of implementing new habits on the marine tourism industry on Pramuka Island. Qualitative descriptive methods were used in this research. Primary data acquisition techniques were carried out through observation and interviews with stakeholders organizing tourism activities on Pramuka Island, Seribu Islands. Respondents were selected based on fulfilling aspects of attractions, amenities and accessibility that are important in developing a tourist location. The research results show that the implementation of new habits has had a positive impact on the sustainability of the tourism industry on Pramuka Island in the new normal era. Keywords: Covid 19 pandemic, marine tourism, new habits

Penyuluhan Kesehatan Tentang Sanitasi Hygiene pada Masyarakat di Pulau Pramuka Kepulauan Seribu

Sanitation and hygiene are crucial aspects of public health, especially in island areas like Pramuka Island, Kepulauan Seribu. This activity aims to enhance the community's understanding and awareness of hygiene sanitation through health education. The methods used include interactive education, health screening, and evaluation using pre-test and post-test questionnaires. The results of this activity showed a significant increase in participants' knowledge levels, from 50% before the education to 85% afterward. Health screening revealed a tendency for high cholesterol levels, as well as some cases of blood sugar and uric acid levels exceeding normal limits among the residents. Analysis of local snacks did not show any contamination with borax and formalin, indicating food safety awareness among vendors. Meanwhile, marine biota exploration found the potential of seagrass (Cymodocea serrulata) with alkaloid content that can be further developed. These findings highlight the importance of continuous education, targeted health interventions, and the utilization of local natural resources to improve the quality of life of Pramuka Island residents.

Locals and Tourists Participation on Coral Reef Rehabilitation in Seribu Islands, Indonesia

Abstract Despite coral reefs being one of the main attractions for marine tourism activities, these activities are also the main factor causing coral damage. To preserve and overcome the damage to coral reefs, rehabilitation activities involving the community and tourists should be attempted. This research studies the locals’ and tourists’ participation and involvement in coral reef rehabilitation activities on Pramuka Island and Pari Island. The results show that the level of local participation and involvement on Pramuka Island is generally moderate, while on Pari Island, the level is generally high. The locals on Pramuka Island predominantly participate in the form of ideas (46,91%) and are involved in implementing rehabilitation activities (59,64%). On Pari Island, participation is more diverse; it comes in the form of labor (69,47%), time (57,72%), and skills (59,47%), and is more involved in implementing (68,95%) and benefiting from rehabilitation (64,74%). The productive age group dominates the age group active in rehabilitation activities on Pramuka Island, while on Pari Island, it is dominated by young people. In general, tourist participation and involvement in both research locations are still minimal. Thus, efforts to develop rehabilitation activities on Pramuka Island must focus more on young people by emphasizing participation in various aspects. Meanwhile, on Pramuka Island, rehabilitation activities must involve more productive age communities and integrate them with existing communities. Tourist participation and involvement can be integrated with existing tourism activities for these two locations.

Anticancer Activity of Aaptos suberitoides on Glioblastoma Multiforme Cell Line.

Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) poses a significant challenge due to its high aggressiveness and unfavorable prognosis, with existing treatments demonstrating limited efficacy in prolonging survival rates. This study aimed to assess the anticancer properties of Aaptos suberitoides extracts and fraction on the U87 cell line, serving as a representative model for GBM. U87 cells were treated with ethanol extracts derived from Aaptos suberitoides, specifically two extracts (OAA-1 and OAA-2) and one ethyl acetate fraction (EA) isolated from specimens collected on Pramuka Island and Tinjil Island. The evaluation encompased microscopic observation and MTT assay to determine the IC50. Subsequently, antiproliferative effects were investigated through apoptosis and cell cycle assays. The extract demonstrated cytotoxic activity against U87 cells, with OAA-1 and OAA-2 exhibiting IC50 values of 35.78 μg/mL and 25.38 μg/mL, respectively. OAA-1 notably induced apoptosis at 50 μg/mL and induced cell cycle arrest. On other hand, OAA-2, while also inducing apoptosis significantly, had a lesser impact on cell cycle arrest. In contrast, EA induced significant apoptosis at a concentration of 100 μg/mL. The ethanol extracts and the ethyl acetate fraction of Aaptos suberitoides emerged as a promising candidate for Glioblastoma Multiforme cancer therapy, showing potential in inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis.

Spatio-temporal variation in progression rates of black band disease between Pramuka Island and Pari Island of the Seribu Islands, Indonesia

Black band disease (BBD) is one of the oldest recognized diseases of scleractinian corals. This disease is little known on the variation of progression rates across relatively small spatial scales and how local variations in the environment can impact prevalence and spread. The purpose of this study was to explore the progression of BBD on genus Montipora in relation to spatio-temporal environmental parameters in two islands of the Seribu Islands, North Jakarta, Indonesia during dry season and rainy season. Monthly underwater pictures were taken for determining the progress of disease level. Interestingly, the progression rate of the disease recorded at Pramuka Island was higher (8.10 cm2 day-1) than the one at Pari Island (3.79 cm2 day-1). In Pramuka Island, the infected corals had almost 89% of the dead surface, compared to only 68% at Pari Island. Similar to other studies in the region, we confirmed that the disease progressed faster during the dry season, where the environmental parameters, such as temperature, light intensity, and phosphate, were starting to increase, while total organic matter, current flow rates, and turbidity were lower. Progression of the disease was significantly different between seasons (p<0.001), but not between sites (p=0.118). Therefore, the progress of BBD has a higher impact at the more populated Pramuka island than at the less populated Pari Island, in addition to the influence of environmental parameters on coral vulnerability to diseases.

ANALISIS PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR DOMESTIK DI PULAU PRAMUKA KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN SERIBU, DKI JAKARTA

Domestic liquid waste can contaminate the soil, damage aquatic ecosystems, affect people's drinking water sources, cause germs of disease and cause unpleasant odors if not managed properly. This study aims to analyze the processing of domestic wastewater on Pramuka Island, Seribu Islands Regency, DKI Jakarta.
 This study used an observational method regarding waste management and the quality of domestic wastewater. This research was conducted on Pramuka Island, Thousand Islands Regency, DKI Jakarta. From the results of observations regarding the processing of liquid waste, it is described in detail and the quality of the liquid waste will be compared with the Decree of the Minister of State for Environment and Forestry Number 68 of 2016 and Regulation of the Minister of Environment Number 19 of 2010.
 Laboratory test results and analysis show that the management of Pramuka Island's domestic wastewater meets quality standards, except for the inlet and outlet sampling points of WWTP Zone 3, only the ammonia parameter (NH3-N)+ the measurement results are above the established quality standard.

Macroalgae diversity and its relationship with environmental conditions in polluted waters of Seribu Islands, Jakarta Bay, Indonesia

Abstract. Handayani S, Widhiono I, Widyartini DS. 2023. Macroalgae diversity and its relationship with environmental conditions in polluted waters of Seribu Islands, Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 6291-6298. Macroalgae are one of the important marine primary producers because they support the life of other organisms at a higher trophic level in aquatic ecosystems. This study aimed to determine the species diversity and composition of macroalgae and its relationship with local aquatic environmental conditions. This research was conducted in Seribu Islands, Jakarta Bay, and consisted of Pramuka Island, Semak Daun Island, Kotok Besar Island, Karang Bongkok Island, Kongsi Island, and Pari Island as sampling sites. This research used the transect method with quadratic sampling and the data was analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index, Dominance Index, and Evenness. Diversity parameter calculations were carried out using PAST4.0 software. The relationship between diversity and water quality was analyzed using PCA software. Across the six sampling sites, there were 41 species of macroalgae belonging to 3 divisions, namely Chlorophyta (19 species), Phaeophyta/Ochrophyta (10 species), and Rhodophyta (12 species). The species richness among islands showed that Karang Bongkok Island had the highest species with 28 species and the lowest was Semak Daun Island and Kongsi Island with only 15 species. The Diversity Index was the highest in Karang Bongkok Island with 2.679 and the lowest was in Kongsi Island with 1.907. The species with the largest number of individuals were Halimeda macroloba with 930 individuals, followed by Sargassum binderi with 648 individuals, and Corallina officinalis. with 257 individuals. The diversity of macroalgae species on the six islands is classified as moderate and can be used as an indicator of marine ecosystems. Physicochemical parameters that affect macroalgae diversity in the Seribu Islands waters are temperature, depth, currents, salinity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Cu, and Phosphate. The finding of this study implies that despite the high pollution in Seribu Islands waters, it is still good for the growth of macroalgae.

WEB APPLICATION AS MEDIA INFORMATION AND TOURISM PROMOTION IN THOUSAND ISLANDS PRAMUKA ISLAND IN THE INDUSTRIAL AGE 4.0

Tourism is one of the driving wheels of the economy for people living in Thousand Island. Tourists must get any information as easily as possible. Unfortunately, the Rumah Hijau Community still used traditional ways to handle ticketing, promoting, and handling other tourism activities in Pulau Pramuka and Pulau Panggang. Tourists would not get the newest information about tourism activities. Tourists will find it difficult to book homestays on Pramuka Island and Panggang Island. Likewise, if local MSMEs have souvenirs or other specialties that can be sold, so far the information they sell to tourists is only through word of mouth. Therefore, information media is needed, namely a website, which can distribute information quickly and precisely. The website will make it easier for Rumah Hijau to organize ordering and sales data. Tourists will also be able to view information easily. In this technology era, website applications can help to boost the promotion and sharing of information for tourism activities.

Community structure and abundance of coral fish in the Pulau Panggang Ward Area, Seribu Islands Marine National Park, DKI Jakarta

Reef fish community is a biotic component of the coral reef ecosystem that can be utilized as a marine biological resource. Coral fish make the coral reef ecosystem their habitat in shelter, feeding ground and nursery ground. The existence and diversity of reef fish is determined by the condition of the coral reefs. The research in Panggang Island Village, Seribu Islands Marine National Park, DKI Jakarta at a depth of 7 meters. The purpose of this study was to determine the community structure and abundance of reef fish in Panggang Island Village. The method used in this research is a belt transect . The results of field observations showed that the water quality in Panggang Island Village including Panggang Island, Pramuka Island, Semak Daun Island, Kotok Besar Island, Air Island and Gosong Karang Lebar was still within normal limits for the growth and development of reef fish. The composition of reef fish in Panggang Island Village consists of 21 families, 60 genera and 108 species. The highest abundance was found on Air Island while the lowest was found on Bushleaf Island. The most dominant tribe is the Pomacentridae tribe. The reef fish that have the highest abundance are Pomacentrus lepydogenys and Cirrhilabrus cyanopleura.

Seagrass sponge (Agelas conifera: Demospongia) potential of microplastic accumulation from Pramuka Island, Seribu Islands

Sponges is a benthic filter feeder, that potentially absorb and accumulate substances from the aquatic environment. Pramuka Island is a small island with tourism area, that could contribute contamination of domestic and anthropogenic waste in its waters, including microplastics. This study aimed to examine the potential for microplastic accumulation in the body tissues of the seagrass-sponge Agelas conifera in Pramuka Island, DKI Jakarta. Sponge samples were collected from two stations around the final disposal site and household liquid waste disposal. Microplastic observations were carried out by adding KOH solution to remove sponge organic matter and saturated NaCl to separate the density. Microplastic observations were carried out using a stereo microscope. The result showed that sponge tissue could accumulate 166.66-300 particles/g of microplastic at both sampling stations, with the highest abundance of fibre types at station 1. The abundance of microplastic in sediment samples is 0.76-0.97 particles/g, with fragment type was found dominantly, whilst microplastic found in the water samples is 1,550 -1,956.66 particles/m3, mostly by fibre type (1230 particles/m3 ). The abundance and types of microplastic found in sediment, water and sponges samples showed a significant difference between samples with a significant value of 0.01 (ANOVA, p values).

Aboveground carbon stock of marine mangroves in Kepulauan Seribu Islands

Mangroves, as one of the important blue carbon ecosystems, store large amounts of organic carbon. In the last decades, carbon stock assessment in mangrove ecosystems has been increased intensely following international agreements targeted at reducing global carbon emission. Many studies have investigated carbon stock potential in mangrove ecosystems, however, little is known about carbon stocks of mangroves growing in carbonate setting in small islands. These marine mangroves usually receive little or no terrestrial input, thus may have limited nutrient availability to support their growth. Meanwhile, their contribution to a global carbon inventory cannot be neglected. Here, we assessed biomass carbon stock of marine mangroves in Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta, by using published allometric equations. Data collection was conducted in seven small islands; Burung Island, Kongsi Island, Pari Island, Lancang Besar Island, Lancang Kecil Island, Pramuka Island, and Rambut Island. The total average aboveground carbon stock was 46.68 Mg C ha−1, with Rhizopora sp. as the dominant species. The highest carbon stock was measured in Pari Island (72.1 ± 30.4 C ha−1), followed by Lancang Kecil Island (62.4 ± 38.6 Mg C ha−1), Kongsi Island (54.1 ± 27.0 Mg C ha−1), Rambut Island (52.1 ± 21.6 Mg C ha-1), Burung Island (47.9 ± 21.0 Mg C ha−1), Lancang Besar Island (31.3 ± 13.8 Mg C ha−1), and the lowest was in Pramuka Island (6.8 ± 4.8 Mg C ha-1). Mangrove aboveground carbon in these islands were comparable to those in other areas. Having thousands of small islands, Indonesia thus has a significant contribution to global climate change mitigation.

Sea level rise implication on small islands in Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta

The phenomenon of sea level rise is caused by global warming, which impacts inundation in coastal areas, especially on small islands. The coastal area of small islands is very vulnerable to the impact of sea level rise, including Lancang Island (covers Lancang Besar and Lancang Kecil Island), Tidung Kecil Island, and Pramuka Island, which is part of small islands in Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta. Sea level rise will become a problem if the seawater reaches land and causes environmental damage in coastal areas. Therefore, this study aims to create a vulnerability map for all those small islands due to coastal inundation using GIS technology. Analysis of areas affected by coastal inundation is carried out by processing DTM data derived from drone data. Based on 29 years of sea level rise data with the highest tide model, coastal inundation in 2050 is predicted to occur on all those small islands in Kepulauan Seribu and can be appropriately modelled. The results show that the affected areas on Tidung Kecil Island, Lancang Island, and Pramuka Island sequentially were 6.06 ha, 7.41 ha, and 3.47 ha. Some areas affected by coastal inundation on the three islands generally include dock and resident areas, empty land, vegetation, mangroves, forest, and road access. Mitigation efforts that can be carried out to reduce the impact of sea level rise in coastal areas include building embankments on the shoreline, dams, drainage systems, and mechanical wetlands, which must be optimized by increasing public awareness of coastal flooding.

Counseling on Oil Bodies Utilization and Mangrove Seed Conservation in Pramuka Island, North Thousand Islands District, Thousand Islands Regency

Counseling on Oil Bodies Utilization and Mangrove Seed Conservation in Pramuka Island, North Thousand Islands District, Thousand Islands Regency

Pengaruh Tingkat Usia dan Pendidikan Masyarakat Kepulauan Seribu Terhadap Pengetahuannya Mengenai Konservasi Laut

This study aims to determine the influence of the age level of Kepulauan Seribu community on their knowledge of marine conservation, the influence of the education level of Kepulauan Seribu community on their knowledge of marine conservation, and the interaction between the age level and education of Kepulauan Seribu community on their knowledge of marine conservation. This research was conducted in Pramuka Island, Pulau Panggang, Kepulauan Seribu. The method used is ex post facto with a sample number of 60. The sample was divided into groups based on age level and education. The instrument used is a marine conservation knowledge test of 45 questions in the form of multiple choice with four alternative answers. The hypothesis was tested using the F test via bidirectional ANAVA at a=0.05. The ratio of F between columns has Fcount=0.097 which is smaller than Ftable=3.19. This means that there is no influence on the age level of the Thousand Islands community on their knowledge of marine conservation. The ratio of F between rows has Fcalculate = 3.915 greater than Ftable = 2.80. This shows that the level of education affects the knowledge of the Thousand Islands community about marine conservation. The ratio F of column and row interaction has Fcount=1.206 which is smaller than Ftable=2.30. So there is no influence of interaction between the age level and education of the people of Thousand Islands on their knowledge about marine conservation. The results of this research are expected to be a thought for all parties to pay attention to educational activities in the Thousand Islands both formally and informally. This is important because most of Indonesia consists of oceans and its conditions are increasingly threatened.

The Assemblage of Carnivore Fish Composition (Lutjanidae, Lethrinidae, Haemulidae and Serranidae) of a Thousand Islands, Jakarta, Indonesia

The pivotal contribution of the Lutjanidae, Lethrinidae, and Serranidae families to coral reef ecosystems, coupled with their significance as targets for fishing activities, underscores the importance of understanding their presence and population dynamics in formulating effective coastal management policies. Employing the Underwater Visual Census (UVC) method, we conducted a carnivorous fish study at 14 station locations in the Thousand Islands. This group exhibited a diverse array of 17 species distributed across four families (Haemulidae, Lethrinidae, Lutjanidae, and Serranidae). Notably, Cephalopolis micropion emerged as the predominant carnivorous species, constituting 48.35% of the relative frequency. Site location KSBC.14 (Pari Island) displayed the highest diversity and abundance of carnivorous fish species, with 11 species and 1457 individuals per hectare (Ind./ha). KSBC.12 (Pramuka Island) also have highest abundance and additionally recorded the highest carnivorous fish biomass at 188.43 kg/ha. These findings provide valuable insights into the ecological dynamics of carnivorous fish populations, informing conservation and management strategies in coral reef ecosystems.

Impact of mangrove and seagrass ecosystem on marine productivity of Pramuka Island, Seribu Islands, Indonesia

The connectivity between seagrass and mangrove ecosystems has synergistic benefits of conserving the land-sea ecosystems of the small islands. The physicochemical properties of the two ecosystems lead to the success of the habitat of the interconnected zone. This study aimed to analyze the physicochemical factors in the mangrove and seagrass ecosystems on Pramuka Island and understand the factors influencing the phytoplankton production of small island coastal ecosystems. Sediment and water collection were carried out on Pramuka Island, Indonesia, to measure physicochemical parameters. Mangrove and seagrass ecosystems have the highest DO, temperature, and pH values. The phytoplankton counts showed significant variation between the sampling sites with a predominance of the class Cyanophyceae. The estimated primary productivity of chlorophyll-a indicated that its concentration was higher in mangroves than in seagrass. A similar trend was observed in nutrient loads and dissolved inorganic nitrogen. Results of the present study clearly showed that an increased concentration of dissolved inorganic nutrient influence the concentration of chlorophyll-a as an indicator of primary productivity. These findings will provide a preliminary analysis of the physicochemical conditions and productivity on Pramuka Island.

The Assessment of Marine Tourism Destination in North Seribu Islands, DKI Jakarta with Recreation Opportunity Spectrum Approach

The North Seribu Islands isn’t only become a favorite marine tourism destination for domestic and foreign tourists, but have also been able to keep maintain stability and natural sustainability. Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS) was used to assess the North Seribu Islands region as a marine tourism destination. Using the qualitative analysis and Point Rating Scale methods, it was found that the eleven islands of North Seribu Islands being studied in this research have been classified into three classes according to the Recreation Opportunity Spectrum. Among them, there are 4 islands classified as accessible, such as Pramuka Island, Panggang Island, Harapan Island, and Kelapa Dua Island. The main products produced by each class are expected to meet varying levels of tourist expectations (output in the form of psychological) because the tastes of each individual in outdoor recreation are different.

Evaluation and Strategy for Managing Ecological-Based Coral Reef Rehabilitation in Pramuka Island, Kepulauan Seribu

Evaluation of rehabilitation is needed for planning a more sustainable rehabilitation program. This study aims to evaluate the implementation by formulating ecological parameters that affect the implementation of coral reef rehabilitation and determine the score and weight to determine the success rate and arrange strategi for managing coral reef rehabilitation. In this research used descriptive method, with the determination of key parameters and evaluation scores, based on literature study. Determination of the weight of the rehabilitation evaluation using PCA analysis. Retrieval of research data is done by direct survey on coral reef rehabilitation area on Pramuka Island. The rehabilitation success class clasified as of “very successful”, “successful”, “unsuccessful” and “very unsuccessful” classes. The results showed that there were 4 locations for coral reef rehabilitation ecologically with the category of unsuccessful and 1 location of coral reef rehabilitation with the category of very unsuccessful. The recommended rehabilitation strategy is to emphasize the government's commitment as the main force of management to improve the quality of the results of coral reef rehabilitation and increase the quality of coral reef and fishery monitoring activities. It was also a simultaneously maintaining of rehabilitated coral reefs, minimally every 6 months.