Pragmatic Identity Method Research Articles

The Use of Flouting Maxim in “Rise of the Guardians” Movie

This descriptive qualitative research analyzed flouting maxims found in Rise of the Guardians movie. The researchers used utterances that contained flouting maxims as the data and the theory of Grice (1975) was used. Maxims refer to linguistic principles that must be understood in communication between speaker and listener in order for the communication process to proceed well. Flouting maxims refer to the phenomena that happen when communicator do not obey the cooperative principal communication. The phenomena of flouting maxims come up in daily utterance and the existence even appears in movie as media that all utterances are scripted. The aim of this research is to analyze flouting maxims in utterances of Rise of the Guardians movie. In process of collecting data, the researchers used the non-participatory observational method. In this research, pragmatic identity method and the competence in equalizing technique used to analyze the data. Based on the results, the researchers found 10 utterances of flouting maxims from the beginning until end of the movie. Flouting maxim of relation had four utterances, three utterances were found in flouting maxim of manner, one utterance was in flouting maxim of quality, and flouting maxim of quantity appeared two utterances.

Masterchef Canada Judges’ Strategies for Giving Compliments in the Season 7 Finale

This descriptive qualitative research sought to examine compliment as one of the pragmatics phenomena. The object of this research is compliment strategies applied to acknowledge contestants as interlocutors. The finale episode of MasterChef Canada season 7 entitled “And the Winner of Season 7 Is…” became the data source. It got Claudio Aprile, Michael Bonacini, and Alvin Leung to challenge the finalists to show the culmination of their skills in cooking three dishes within three hours. In giving compliments to the contestants, various ways were applied to have their compliments delivered. Compliment utterances of the three judges were collected as data through observational methods and note-taking techniques. The pragmatic identity method and pragmatic competence equalizing technique were then used to analyze the collected data. To theoretically explore compliment strategies, the theory coined by Yuan (2002) was adopted. The result reported that eight out of ten strategies were employed and those were found in 23 utterances. The explicit compliments consisted of ten data, advice showed four data, explanation got three data, contrast had two data, and one data belonged to each strategy of implicit compliment, non-compliment, information question, and future reference. From the strategies, explicit compliments got the highest frequency as the judges tended to express compliments by giving direct compliments without being triggered by previous actions and leaving nothing lack of sureness. In the finale episode, compliments were frequently expressed by including the positive semantic carriers, namely “amazing”, “awesome”, “good”, “beautiful”, “like”, “love”, “elevated, “nailed”, “stop conversation”, and “great”. The frequency of giving compliments was caused by the good performance of the contestants in the Season 7 Finale. The use of compliant expressions helped the judges to express their appreciation in various ways.

AN ANALYSIS OF THE EXPRESSIVE SPEECH ACTS IN “THE WILLOUGHBYS” MOVIE

This research focuses on identifying the expressive speech acts found in “The Willoughbys” Movie. The research uses the theory of Searle and Vanderveken (1985). The method is observation in collecting the data, and the technique is note-taking. In analyzing the data, the data was examined with the pragmatic identity method and pragmatic competence-in-equalizing technique. The data was taken from the utterances in the movie. There are 67 expressive speech acts found in the movie which are divided into 11 acts. The expressive speech acts with the most occurrences were complaints with 12 occurrences, followed by 6 data of greet, 4 data of apologies, 6 data of compliments, 10 data of protest, 9 data of lament, 3 data of thanks, 3 data of boast, 5 data of praise, 4 data of condole, and 5 data of deplore. The expressive speech acts of congratulate was not found in the movie, because the scene mostly was found in their journey and their adventure that they had to do.

Deixis Analysis Found In “Bird Box” Movie

Deixis is part of pragmatics that people make in communication. In this research, the researchers analyzed deixis in utterances and the movie “Bird Box” is data source. The movie is 2018 horror movie that has deixis in the movie. The researchers analyze all utterances in the movie. This descriptive qualitative research found out types deixis in utterances of characters. The researchers used observational method with the technique of non-participatory. The pragmatic identity method with competence- in equalizing were used by the researchers. Then, the researchers use the theory from Yule (2017) to analyze deixis types that characters make. The findings show that deixis were used in the communication of the movie. There were totally 34 deixis data in spatial deixis, temporal deixis, and person deixis. 16 were in spatial deixis, 12 data in person deixis, and 6 data in the temporal deixis. The dominant is spatial deixis used by the characters to point places to other hearers in Bird Box movie.

Negative Politeness Strategies in ”The Menu” Movie

The aim of study discovers the different types of negative politeness methods is classified as descriptive qualitative research. The study's findings were derived from words recognized the character "The Menu” as negative politeness techniques and analyzed using theory presented by Brown and Levinson (1987). The observation and non-participatory methods were used to collect data. In addition, the pragmatic identity method was employed to analyze the data. The findings of this study are as follows: 2 Be conveniently indirect, 4 Question and Hedge, 1 Be pessimistic, 1 Minimize the Imposition, 1 Give Deference,2 Apologize, 1 Impersonalize interlocutors, 1 State the FTA as general Rule, 1 Nominalize , 1 Go on record as incurring a debt , or as not indebting H. We have 15 negative politeness strategies overall. In The Menu Movie, the main character's refusal to connect with the other character became the most common technique. We have 15 negative politeness strategies overall. In The Menu Movie, the main character's refusal to connect with the other character became the most common technique.

STRATEGIES OF REQUEST IN “THE HUSTLE” MOVIE

This research found out the strategies of request in utterances. The Hustle movie was used as data source of this research. Data of this descriptive qualitative research were utterances of request in the movie. The researchers used observational method and non-participatory technique. The researchers collected data watching and listening to utterances in the movie. The data were analyzed by using pragmatic identity method and pragmatic competence- in equalizing technique. The data were analyzed by using theory from Blum-kulka & Olshtain (1984). Results showed that request strategies had 59 data. Mood derivable consisted of 21 data, explicit performatives consisted of 9 data, hedged performative consisted of 4 data, locution derivable consisted of 5 data, language specific suggester formula consisted of 6 data, reference to prepatory conditions consisted of 7 data, mild hints consisted of 3, scope stating consisted of 1 data and strong hints consisted of 3 data. From all strategies, mood derivable was the most common strategy. The characters used this strategy because the characters were already familiar to one another and the situation made the characters request the others in a direct way.

An Analysis of Directive Acts Found in “The Princess Switch” Movie

The aim of this descriptive qualitative research was to examine the various types of directive uttered by the characters in The Princess Switch movie. The data were collected from the characters' utterances of directive acts in the movie. The theory proposed Searle (1979) was used to analyze the types of directive acts. The observational method and non-participatory technique were employed to obtain the data. In addition, the data were evaluated using the pragmatic identity method and pragmatic competence- in equalizing technique. The results demonstrated that the characters in The Princess Switch movie delivered 20 utterances of directive acts. There were 9 data displayed asking, 3 data displayed requesting, 1 data displayed inviting, 3 data displayed advising, 3 data displayed permitting, and 1 data displayed commanding. The asking type of directive acts was the most common type as the characters in the Princess Switch regularly asking each other questions.

Directive Speech Act Found in Renee Carlino “Swear on This Life”

Directive speech acts are regularly used in daily basis conversation between human. This study used descriptive qualitative studies to discover the types of directive speech acts in Renee Carlino’s “Swear on This Life”. Data collection utilized observational non-participatory technique that took utterances found in the novel. The utterances are analyzed using Searle & Vanderveken (1985) theory of illocutionary acts. The data utilized pragmatic identity method along with pragmatic competence as a comparison to Sudaryanto, (2015). The conclusion of this study proved that there are 20 utterances indicating directive speech acts found in Renee Carlino’s “Swear on This life”. There are 5 data showing requesting, 3 data showing ordering, 6 data showing forbidding, 3 data showing warning, 3 data showing permitting. Forbidding is shown as the most frequently found as the characters have different opinion on each other’s action.

Types of Flouting Maxims analysis in Jurassic World Dominion Movie

Flouting maxims present as pragmatics phenomena that can be easily found in society. It comes in the communication that does not obey the cooperative principles. In this research, flouting maxims in utterances uttered by characters of movie was analyzed. The types of flouting maxims became the object of this research. The researchers used Jurassic World Dominion movie to be the data source of this descriptive qualitative research. Flouting maxims utterances were collected as data and those were analyzed by using the theory of Grice (1975). Observational method and technique of non-participatory were used to collect the flouting maxims utterances. In analyzing the data, the researchers applied pragmatic identity method and pragmatic competence- in equalizing technique. The results showed that there were 15 data found in Jurassic World Dominion movie. The 15 data consisted of 7 data of flouting maxim of relation , 3 data of flouting maxim of quality, 3 data of flouting maxim of quantity, and 2 data for maxim of manner

AN ANALYSIS OF THE EXPRESSIVE SPEECH ACTS IN “AVATAR: WAY OF THE WATER” MOVIE

This research focused on investigating the expressive speech acts found in “Avatar: The Way of The Water” Movie. The research implied the theory of Searle and Vanderveken (1985). In collecting the data, the method is observation, and the technique is note-taking. In analyzing the data, the data were examined using the pragmatic identity method and pragmatic competence-in-equalizing technique. The data was taken from the utterances in the Avatar movie. There are 46 expressive speech acts found in the movie which are divided into 10 acts. The expressive speech acts with most occurrences were complaint with 11 occurrences, followed by 8 data of greet, 7 data of apologize, 5 data of compliment, 5 data of protest, 3 data of lament, 3 data of thank, 2 data of boast, 1 data of praise, and 1 data of deplore. The expressive speech acts condole and congratulate were not found in the movie, because the death mostly was found in the war and the victory achieved was an obligation that they had to do.

EXPRESSIVE ACTS OF CHARACTERS’ UTTERANCES IN THE AFTERMATH MOVIE

The researchers conducted the descriptive qualitative research to analyze the expressive acts types. This research used The Aftermath 2019 movie as the data source and data were utterances that characters produced to show their emotions to the hearers. The researchers took the data by using observational method and note-taking. The researchers did not appear in the movie and data were collected by also writing down. In analyzing data, pragmatic identity method and pragmatic competence- in equalizing were used. It was analyzed with the theory of expressive acts by Searle and Vanderveken (1985). The result showed the characters said all expressive acts types. There were 59 data found in the utterances. One data of congratulate, 14 data of apologize, one data of welcome, 15 data of thank, 14 data of greet, seven data of complain, and seven data of compliment. Based on the result, thank was dominant because the characters commonly used this type to show their feelings. The characters frequently expressed gratitude because the speakers got good benefits from the listeners

THE COOPERATIVE PRINCIPLE ANALYSIS IN FIFTH SEMESTER STUDENTS AT UNDIKMA

This study aimed to analyze the cooperative principle by observing the speech of the fifth semester students of UNDIKMA. Qualitative descriptive method is used in analyzing the data because it will be explained with words, phrases, and sentences. The data will be based on the words of the fifth semester students at UNDIKMA. In collecting data, the researcher used observational and non-participatory methods, and also taking notes. The pragmatic identity method is applied in analyzing the data. The findings show that the four maxims in the cooperative principle are found through the utterances of fifth semester students at UNDIKMA.The researcher found four maxims. The results showed that the maxim of quantity, maxim of relation, maxim of quality and maxim of manner. In conclusion, the most frequent data found in the maxim of quantity and the least data found in the maxim of manner.

AN ANALYSIS OF CONVERSATIONAL IMPLICATURE OF THE CHARACTERS IN THE BIRD BOX FILM

. To accomplish the goals of an ability to understand, it is anticipated that everyone involved in the communication process will work together. However, in practice, sending purposes are not usually expressed clearly. In reality, a person might not reach the part of the conversation where they are required to speak openly, intelligibly, pertinently, and appropriately so that the other person can understand them incredibly well. This phenomenon is referred to as conversational implicature in linguistic terms, where individuals prefer to indicate their additional or hidden meaning that is delivered behind spoken words. By using Grice's theory to determine implicature form for portraying conversation context, which determines the factors that influence communication, this research aims to examine the phenomenon in the conversation of the two main characters in the Bird Box film. The researcher used the conversational implicature theory by Grice (1975) to identify the utterance and the speech acts theory by Searle (1976) to categorize the function. Searle (1976) classified speech acts identified are representatives/assertives, instructions, commissives, expressives, and declarations. This study has a qualitative research design. The researcher employed the Sudaryanto (2015) interview method to gather data, the Sudaryanto (2015) pragmatic identity method to analyze the data, and the Sudaryanto (2015) informal presentation approach to convey the research findings. The researcher gathered ten data sets with conversational implicature in order to examine the data.

Pragmatic Analysis of Searle’s Directive Acts Types in “Get Out Movie”

This descriptive qualitative research revealed directive acts types of characters’ directive utterances in a movie. The researchers took a thriller movie entitled Get Out as the data source and the characters' directive utterances were gathered as the data. Considering the data were collected through observation and note-taking, observational method and note-taking technique were applied. In analyzing data, the researchers employed pragmatic identity method and technique of pragmatic competence- in equalizing. The investigation was done by applying the theory parted by Searle (1979), which was further defined by Searle and Vanderveken (1985). The findings reported that there were 35 data of directive acts types and 10 directive acts types appeared in the utterances. Specifically, nine data were found in ask, command showed two data, order consisted of six data, one data in plead, beg, and entreat, permit got five data, request was discovered in two data, four data were found in advise, and invite consisted of four data. Among all types, the type of ask involved as the dominant type because the movie characters tended to convey directive utterances to direct other characters to answer questions. There was no type of pray conveyed in the characters' directive utterances as the characters did not privately speak to sacred figures or God.

DIRECTIVE SPEECH ACTS FOUND IN UTTERANCES OF “THE HUSTLE”

This research investigated the kinds of directive acts found in “The Hustle” movie. Descriptive qualitative was adopted as the research design of this research. All data were collected through observational method and non-participatory technique. The researchers analyzed the data by applying pragmatic identity method and pragmatic competence- in equalizing technique. The collected data were identified in pragmatics way by involving elements of pragmatics, namely speaker, interlocutor, and context to get the implied meaning. Then, the data were equalized with the theory of directive acts kinds developed by Kreidler (1998). The result of this research found out all types appeared in the movie as there had 39 data of request, 13 data of suggestion, and six data of command. Request became the most frequent kind in the utterances of the characters. The reason is that the characters commonly did not attempt to fully control the characters in order to get the action done.

Analysis Cooperative Principle in Back To The Outback Movie: Pragmatic Approach

In this study, the cooperative principles described by the characters in the Back to the Outback movie are implemented using Grice's theory. The research uses qualitative descriptive to explain the data. Sudaryanto collected data using non-participatory and observational methods. The data was then examined using the Pragmatic Identity Method and the Matching method. The data were examined in context using the pragmatic identity method. There are four types of maxims in the cooperative principle found. the total maxim of data is 32 data. the results found maxim of quantity data as much as 9 data, maxim of quality 6 data, maxim of manner 10 data, maxim of relation 7 data. The most widely used data is the maxim of manner. Lastly, the maxim of quality is the data that is used the least by the characters in the Back to the Outback movie.

Analysis Cooperative Principle in Turning Red Movie: Pragmatic Approach

This study examined several cooperative ideas expressed by characters in turning red movies using Grice's theory. This study used descriptive qualitative analysis to interpret the data. Observational methods and taking a note were used to collect the data by Sudaryanto. Following that, the data were analyzed using the Matching technique and the Pragmatic Identity Method to examine the data in context. The cooperation principle contained four types of maxims. There were 54 maxims of total in the data. It was discovered the results of maxim quantity with 13 data, 9 data maxim of quality, 3 data for the maxim of relevance, and maxim of manner with 9 data. Simple terms, the quantity maxim was the most widely used data piece. The maxim of relation was the smallest principle that the Turning red movie characters used.

MAKNA DALAM TUTURAN DI AKUN INSTAGRAM JOKOWI: PENDEKATAN BEHAVIORISME

Meaningful utterance if it has implications for speech partners. This study aims to describe behaviorism meaning in Jokowi’s utterances on Instagram. This study is descriptive qualitative. Data sources are captions on Jokowi’s Instagram, national news sites, and government websites. Data are Jokowi's utterances in the form of captions on Jokowi's Instagram, news, and the government's official website which contain the meaning of behaviorism and people's behavior. Data collection techniques in this study use reading, documentation, and continued note-taking. Data analysis techniques use pragmatic identity method then followed by intertextuality analysis. The results of this study indicate that Jokowi's utterances contain Behaviourism meanings are (1) asking, (2) hoping, (3) optimistic, and (4) reminding. It is possible that Jokowi’s utterances as a president in Indonesia is still being listened to by his subordinates or his people because Jokowi’s utterances are implied and implemented by the intended speech partners.

Tuturan Ekspresif Ichiro Suzuki terhadap Petutur Anak dan Remaja dalam Serial Video “Oshiete! Ichiro Sensei”

This research aims to describe the expressive function of Ichiro Suzuki’s utterances in a Japanese video series titled “Oshiete! Ichiro Sensei”, which involves various ages of speech act participants including children and teenagers. On the basis of variative situational context surrounding the utterances, especially in accordance with Ichiro Suzuki’s background knowledge and personal experience, this research is important to be conducted in order to minimalize a misconception in understanding a Japanese’s utterances which happen to not always represent the common image of Japanese in terms of communication. This research uses the descriptive qualitative method with Pragmatic Identity Method as its analyzing tool. The result of this research shows that Ichiro Suzuki’s expressive utterances towards the children and teenagers aim to tease, to compliment, to agree, to show admiration, to show embarrassment, and to show confidence; all of which are delivered through direct utterances. In particular, this research underlines the distance between Ichiro Suzuki and the speech act participants as the main factor on the use of such direct utterances.

THE IMAGE OF INDONESIA IN THE G20 PRESIDENCY ON THE RUSSIA-UKRAINE CONFLICT: A PRAGMATIC APPROACH

Indonesia has been elected for the first time in the G20 Presidency. Shortly after being elected to the presidency holder, a big challenge arose which was the re-emergence of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine. This situation forced Indonesia to appear as the leader of the world’s major economic countries. In this G20 Presidency, Indonesia has also built an image that is expected to help resolve the Russia-Ukraine conflict. This analytical descriptive research aimed to analyze the image of Indonesia in the G20 Presidency on the Russia-Ukraine conflict. The approach used was a pragmatic approach, with speech act theory from Austin (1962) and Searle (1969), and image building theory from Lozier (1976). The data collection method chosen was the note-taking method with the data analysis technique was the pragmatic identity method. The data source for this research was an official speech video of President Joko Widodo responding to the Russia-Ukraine conflict which was obtained on the YouTube channel “Sekretariat Presiden”. The data collected were 13 utterances that contained the image of Indonesia on the Russia-Ukraine conflict. Based on the results of the analysis, the image of Indonesia through Joko Widodo’s speech was built through illocutionary meaning. The illocutionary meaning produces 8 (eight) images of Indonesia, namely committed, proactive, neutral, humanist, peace-loving, solutive, progressive, and responsible. The image of Indonesia on the Russia-Ukraine conflict was built as a form of the existence of Indonesia which is now the G20 Presidency. This image is principle for Indonesia as the holder of the G20 Presidency to influence the world to build peace.