Practitioners Of Physical Activity Research Articles

Beta-alanine supplementation and improvement of performance in swimming and water polo: a systematic review

Beta-alanine is a non-essential amino acid that is naturally produced by the human body and used by many athletes and practitioners of physical activity to reduce muscle fatigue and to increase performance in high performance exercises. As a precursor of intramuscular carnosine, it has been shown to reduce the hydrogen ions that cause muscle fatigue during exercise in sports such as swimming and water polo. Objective: To evaluate various beta-alanine supplementation protocols in swimmers and water polo players and their effects on performance. Materials and methods: This study is a systematic review of various beta-alanine supplementation protocols used in exercises involving water polo and high-performance swimming, from searches on the Pubmed, SCIELO and RBNE platforms. Articles in English and Portuguese were included, which were evaluated on the basis of methods and parameters specific to swimming and water polo. Results: The review found that beta-alanine supplementation protocols varied according to the studies and their objectives. However, beta-alanine supplementation was shown to be effective in improving times, reducing blood lactate and increasing strength. Conclusion: Supplementation with beta-alanine generates a possible beneficial effect on swimmers and water polo players by fostering improvements in time, reduction of blood lactate and strength, all of which can positively influence the results of competitions and championships. The best protocols are those that administered a dose greater than or equal to 4.8g per day for, at least, four weeks.

The Association between Physical Activity and Anxiety in Aging: A Comparative Analysis.

(1) Background: As the worldwide aging population is growing, there is a need to embrace the role of physical activity in the anxiety of older people. Objectives: To analyze anxiety in older people practitioners and non-practitioners of physical activity; (2) Methods: ample composed of 690 older people of both genders, unselected volunteers, residing in Brazil, present (as participants or observers) in selected street races in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between 30 October 2019, and 12 March 2020. An instrument composed of the sociodemographic questionnaire and questions from the Beck Anxiety Inventory, BAI, and the Physical Activity Inventory for older people, Baecke-Old. Design: Ex-post-facto observational analytical descriptive research; (3) Results: The average age of the sample was in the range of 65 to 69y, 74% female, 94% completed high school, 69% living with the family, 84% practicing physical activity. Anxiety levels were 26% (without), 35% (mild), 21% (moderate), and 18% (severe). The comparison of anxiety showed a difference between the groups of active and sedentary elderly. Logistic regression analysis considering anxiety (yes or no; dichotomous variable) and physical activity (yes or no; dichotomous variable) and Odds Ratio were performed to identify possible influences of the independent variables PA, gender, marital status, and education on anxiety. Only physical activity was associated with anxiety. (4) Conclusions: The sample data of this research point to the conclusion that physical activity influences anxiety levels with 98% certainty, and it is suggested that it be enriched in the future with different studies with different designs. The older people practitioners of physical activity with a high level of education presented as 26% without, 35% mild, 21% moderate, and 18% severe anxiety. More active individuals are less likely to develop anxiety.

Sobre a pedagogia de projetos: a experiência conduzindo o indivíduo à teoria

Este artigo-ensaio versa sobre a pedagogia de projetos: a experiência conduzindo o indivíduo à teoria. A proposta é esclarecer que a aprendizagem acontece por intermédio de contato empírico com a realidade e com os fenômenos que acontecem na natureza. A sua relevância científica encontra-se no fato de apresentar uma discussão técnica sobre uma metodologia de estudos que permite a relação direta, recíproca e simultânea entre a prática e a teoria. A sua relevância social está em colocar à disposição da sociedade um mecanismo que eleva, de forma exponencial, os ganhos de aprendizagem dos estudantes, permitindo-lhe suma visão pragmática dos conteúdos programáticos com os quais trava contato acadêmico. A metodologia utilizada para esta investigação foi a bibliográfica, agregada à prática pedagógica e didática dos autores no ensino. Procurou-se apresentar uma discussão profunda, ampla, em que se preconiza a supremacia da experiência sobre a teoria, em que a primeira conduz a segunda, esta expressando e comunicando o conhecimento adquirido. A Pedagogia de Projetos surgiu da necessidade de desenvolver uma metodologia de trabalho pedagógico, que tivesse como meta a valorização da participação do educando e do educador no processo de aprendizagem-ensino, considerando que a aprendizagem apresenta primazia sobre o ensino. Ao propor a Pedagogia de Projetos como metodologia de ensino, isto significa acabar com o monopólio do professor tradicional que decide e define ele mesmo o conteúdo e as tarefas a serem desenvolvidas e que verdades devam ser consideradas e/ou negadas, valorizando, dentro de rigorosos princípios acadêmico-científicos, o que os estudantes já sabem e respeitando o que desejam aprender naquele momento, cientes de que a situação-problema suscitada é o leitmotiv da experiência a ser posta em evidência, culminando na aprendizagem. Quando se aborda a questão da aprendizagem intermediada por projetos está-se, necessariamente, referindo à formulação de questões pelo autor do projeto, pelo indivíduo que vai construir conhecimentos a partir de uma situação-problema.

Association of Stress with Healthy Aging, the Role of Physical Activity

The World Health Organization attracted more attention to the positive effects of physical activity (PA) and the adverse effects of stress on the health of older people and, therefore, attracted a more significant number of practitioners. To verify the impact of PA on stress in older people. Observational and analytical research, composed of 690 older people of both genders residing in Brazil, present in street races (as participants or observers), who volunteered to respond to the research protocol consisting of sociodemographic profile, selected questions from the physical activity inventory for the older people, Baecke-Old, and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). The sample of active older people, 84.35% practitioners of physical activity and 75.4% with higher education, revealed mild-moderate stress at 83.77%, with mean = 51.68%, standard deviation = 12.33%. There was correspondence between PA and stress (p < 0.05). Older people practitioners of physical activity with a higher education level have a mild-moderate stress level. Considering the aging of societies worldwide, with the tendency of older people to present a mild-moderate level of stress, it is suggested that measures be taken for greater vigilance about the stress of older people.

Electrocardiographic profile of asymptomatic adolescents by the TELE ECG system in Brazil: analysis of 11058 patients

Abstract Introduction The search for markers that can serve as screening methods for young practitioners of physical activity has always raised an intense discussion between pediatricians and cardiologists. Thus, the ideal investigation algorithm should identify patients at high risk also among asymptomatic patients and be of low cost to society. This would only be possible by including a low cost diagnostic method and largely accessible. In this context, telemedicine systems and in particular tele-electrocardiogram (tele-EKG) systems have low cost and agility and can collaborate to solve this problem. Purpose To analyze the electrocardiographic pattern in asymptomatic patients aged between 10 and 20 years old who underwent EKG by the tele-EKG system between 2007 and 2014 Methods All EKG valid results from asymptomatic patients aged between 10 and 20 years old from 2007 and 2014 sent to the tele-EKG system of a large tertiary hospital were analysed aiming to determine the prevalence of abnormal findings. Results Of the 797,115 exams on the analysed period 25,326 were from patients aged between 10 and 20 years old and 11,058 (55% male) of them were asymptomatic. Regarding disorders of rhythm, ventricular arrhythmias were found in 0.54% and atrial premature beats in 0.47% of the exams. There were 5 episodes of supraventricular tachycardia (0.04%) and one episode of atrial fibrillation. Atrioventricular blocks were: first degree (0.71%) and second degree (0.03%). There was 1 case of 2:1 AV Block and 1 case of advanced AV block. Short PR interval was observed in 0.76% of the exams, with 15 of them showing ventricular pre-excitation (0.13%). Regarding morphological changes in EKG pattern, right bundle branch disorders were present in 7.5% of the patients and left bundle branch in 0.04%. Right bundle branch block occurred in 0.63% and left bundle branch block in only 1 case. Repolarization changes occurred in 1.8% of patients. We found left ventricular overload in 0.25% and right ventricular overload in 0.14% of cases. Only 5 patients had typical EKG of septal hypertrophy (0.045%). There were 1751 diagnostics overall, representing 15.8% of the sample. The most prevalent was right bundle branch abnormalities, followed by repolarization abnormalities (graphic below). Conclusion EKG screening in asymptomatic adolescents is a low cost and feasible method to identify individuals with electrical alterations and who require detailed clinical evaluation. This also may contribute to reduce risk of sudden events during sports activities. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

Can emotional states interfere with self-esteem and mental health during pandemic context on health students in low middle-income country?

The university experience is considered a factor that increases stress and affects health of students. Studies have shown distancing measure is associated with depression in young adults. This study aimed to assess the impacts of social isolation on health students due the COVID-19 pandemic. It is a primary study sought to investigate the levels of depression, anxiety and stress by DASS-21, mental components by SF-36, and self-esteem by RSES. The 358 health students accessed the form. The average age was 23.4 years, 75.4% women, and 24.6% men. We divided the selected groups for comparative analysis between academic degree (Undergraduate student-UG/Graduate student-G), gender (Women-W/Men-M) and practitioners of physical activity (Yes-Y/No-N). Principal Component Analysis showed the DASS-21, RSES and SF-36 scales interact into two dimensions that correlate positively and negatively. The findings showed UG suffer greater pressure on mental states than G (W<7166, p-value<0.002). The practice of physical activity was not a factor of difference between any of the anxiety, stress or depression states (W=16012, p-value=0.5205) and intra-group interaction (Chi-square= 22.007, df=20 and p=0.3401) were not significant. We found a high positive correlation between mental health, vitality and social aspects, which might be related to social distancing and self-esteem aspects need answers.

Effectiveness of green tea extract (Camellia sinensis) capsule supplementation for post-exercise muscle recovery in healthy adults: a systematic review protocol.

The objective of the review is to evaluate the effectiveness of green tea extract (Camellia sinensis) capsule supplementation compared with placebo for post-exercise muscle pain and muscle recovery in healthy adults. Green tea extract is popularly consumed by athletes and practitioners of physical activity, as it is easily accessible in supermarkets and health food stores. It is a source of catechins, which assist the endogenous antioxidant system in combating free radicals produced during exercise that can lead to oxidative stress and, therefore, muscle damage and delayed-onset muscle pain. However, there is no consensus on the effect of green tea extract and the ideal and safe dosage to promote muscle recovery. Studies on the effectiveness of supplementation with green tea extract capsules compared with placebo in post-exercise muscle pain and muscle recovery in healthy adults will be included. Studies that are associated with any other source of polyphenols with green tea extract will be excluded. Studies will be identified using the following databases: Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Virtual Health Library, SPORTDiscus, Science Direct, and Scopus. OpenGrey, DART-Europe, and Google Scholar will be used to identify unpublished studies. Studies published in English, French, Spanish, or Portuguese will be included. There will be no restriction on the date of publication. Two authors will independently screen titles and abstracts following previously defined eligibility criteria. After excluding irrelevant studies, the authors will read the full texts of any articles potentially eligible for further evaluation. Any disagreements will be resolved by discussion or by consulting a third author. The included studies will be assessed on their methodological quality using the appropriate JBI critical appraisal checklist, and the data will be extracted by the two authors. A meta-analysis will be performed using a random effects or fixed effects model. The heterogeneity of the data will be calculated. This review will follow the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) to classify the certainty of the evidence. PROSPERO CRD42020138772.

Teaching Children's Motor Skills for Team Games Through Guided Discovery: How Constraints Enhance Learning.

In this paper we examine the role of instructional strategies as constraints within a discovery learning framework for the teaching of open skill team ball games to elementary school-aged children. The cohesive and adaptive integration of constraints (individual, environment, and task) by practitioners of movement and physical activity (instructor, teacher, coach) is proposed as the pathway to exploiting the effectiveness of guided discovery learning. The qualitative analysis of the practical instantiations of this framework by expert teachers is examined with respect to the learning of open skill team invasion games (e.g., basketball, soccer). The primary constraints to action in this learning-teaching developmental framework are coordinated so as to keep the self-organization of skill development (movement pattern and tactics) continually evolving, while preserving the child’s motivation and enjoyment for the expanding repertoire and performance capacity of his/her perceptual-motor skills. In this open skill and elementary school age-related context, generality and specificity are both necessary and complementary in the expression of task, skill and practice influences on motor learning and performance.

Male practitioners of physical activity present lower absolute power of beta band in time perception test

Cortical changes resulting from physical activity and differences in the estimation of the time of practitioners and non-practitioners of physical activity have already been documented. However, there aren't studies that compare the cortical responses of the time estimate between these groups. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the influence of the level of physical activity in time estimation and beta band activity in frontal regions, specifically in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, and parietal cortex during the task of estimating time in practitioners and non-practitioners of physical activity. After characterizing the sample, the signal was captured using an electroencephalogram during a task to estimate the time of four intervals of supraseconds. The results indicated that the practitioners of physical activity had lower errors in the evaluation of time for the intervals of 1 s, 7 s, and 9 s. The beta band showed less activity among practitioners of physical activity. The correlation between task performance and the absolute power of the beta band proved to be positive in the task of estimating time in the 7 s, and 9 s intervals. It was concluded that participants involved in the regular practice of physical activity showed underestimation in the temporal judgment and lower absolute power of the beta band during the time estimate.

Cannabinoids as a yield modifier in physical activit: A systematic review characters

Marijuana is considered illicit in much of the world, and is classified as a drug for recreational use, in recent decades the medicinal use of Cannabis sativa L. has grown and diversified, being considered the only therapeutic alternative in the control of serious and incurable diseases such as syndrome of Dravet. The world panorama has shown a more liberal position, since in several countries such as the United States of America, Holland, Australia, Italy, and more recently in Canada, the use of medications, or even the recreational use of this plant, have been regulated. In this context, the investigation of the modifying effects on physical activity of empirically used cannabinoids is fundamental nowadays, mainly due to the regulatory recognition of Cannabis sativa L. as a medicinal plant in a large part of the world. Therefore, the objective of this review was to verify the evidence related to the effect of cannabis on physical performance and to identify and highlight the challenges in the interpretation of information regarding the performance of practitioners of physical activity, as well as athletes, presenting new trends in this area of research to be addressed. To carry out the systematic review, a bibliographic survey of case reports was obtained through Pubmed, Science Direct and Google Academic databases. The following keywords were used to perform the research: cannabis, performance, pain, competition. The following filters were used as inclusion criteria a languages used english; species: humans; types of articles: original articles and reviews and period of publication of articles: 1981 to 2021.

Validation of a Risk Matrix about the Athlete's Oral Health by Analyzing Behavioral and Nutritional Habits

The study proposal was to build a risk matrix on oral health, by analyzing the behavioral and nutritional habits of these individuals and perform your validation. A literature review was carried out to identify risk factors for the oral diseases. The interviewees were 40 volunteer individuals, athletes, professionals or amateurs, or practitioners of physical activity. The validation process consisted of the following steps: 1. Validity of the content; 2. Verbal understanding; 3. Comparison and correlation of the questionnaire test. The Content Validity Coefficients (CVC), the Content Validity Indexes (CVI) and the Kappa correlation coefficients were calculated for each item. In the phase of assessment of verbal comprehension by volunteers, the final CVC for clarity and understanding was 0.869 and 0.854, respectively. Kappa values varied between 0.5 and 0.667. Cronbach's alpha for each component was calculated, resulting in a cariogenic diet (α = 0.989), acid sports drinks (α = 0.964), oral hygiene (α = 0.963) and dental services (α = 0.980). The definition of this oral profile, in conjunction with an athlete's individual needs, can define treatment and prevention programs, including education in oral health.

The descriptive pattern of physical activity in Saudi Arabia: analysis of national survey data.

BackgroundOver recent decades, there has been a dramatic transformation in mechanization reaching all aspects of people's lives in Saudi Arabia. In the light of this, there was a significant change in physical behavior in the community. The aim of the current study was to investigate the national and regional distribution of physical activity practice among adults aged ≥15 y across Saudi Arabia.MethodsData from the Bulletin of Household Sports Practice National Survey were used to determine the physical activity practice distribution. A total of 26 000 families from 13 administrative regions across Saudi Arabia were surveyed.ResultsThe proportion of the total Saudi population who were practitioners of physical activity (i.e. ≥150 min per week) among Saudi adults aged ≥15 y was 17.40%, while the proportion of non-practitioners was 82.60%.ConclusionThis study found a low level of physical activity among Saudi adults who meet physical activity guidelines. These findings suggest that interventions and promotional programs should be developed to increase physical activity among the Saudi population.

Procrastination at the Core of Physical Activity (PA) and Perceived Quality of Life: A New Approach for Counteracting Lower Levels of PA Practice.

Faced with the demonstrated need to engage in physical activity (PA), lack of time is the argument commonly used to justify low or non-existent levels of PA. Underlying this argument, the accomplishment of procrastination behaviour seems to be related to the less time dedicated to practicing PA and the low perception of the quality of life. With this in mind, the purpose of this study is to show that dedicating different amounts of time to PA affects the perceived quality of life and the widespread problem of procrastination. We hypothesise that greater time investment in PA is related to greater perceived quality of life and less procrastination. In all, 621 practitioners of PA (347 men, 274 women) between 18 and 83 years old (M = 35.43, SD = 14.45) filled out validated versions of the World Health Organization quality of life assessment (WHOQOL-BREF) and the Pure Procrastination Scale. Results showed that people who do enough PA have a more positive perception of the quality of life in the domains of physical and psychological health; this perception, in turn, is related to lower levels of procrastination. Likewise, socio-demographic characteristics such as gender and the main activity presented significant associations with various quality of life domains and procrastination. In sum, the benefits of improvements in quality of life and reductions in procrastination identified in this study are sensitive to the time spent on PA, which suggests that a strategy to promote the practice of PA would improve time management and, thus, counteract procrastination.

Influência da prática de exercícios físicos na redução da hipertensão arterial

Realizar uma busca bibliográfica, demonstrando o mecanismo de como a prática de exercícios físicos apresenta efeitos positivos na redução da hipertensão arterial. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura do tipo integrativa. Para busca e seleção dos estudos utilizou-se as seguintes bases de dados: Scielo, Science Direct e Pubmed, permitindo a seleção de 10 artigos, os quais foram publicados entre os anos de 2015 a 2019. Em todos os estudos analisados verificou-se que além do tratamento farmacológico, mudanças no estilo de vida, como a pratica de exercício físico é eficaz na prevenção e tratamento da hipertensão arterial, os estudos evidenciaram que praticantes de atividade física apresentam maior queda dos níveis pressóricos, quando comparados a indivíduos sedentários. É necessário o desenvolvimento de estudos que abordem essa temática, como forma de conscientização que a pratica de exercício físico regular apresenta efeitos benéficos na redução da pressão arterial.

Preferências de atividade física em adultos brasileiros: resultados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde

O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a distribuição dos diferentes tipos de práticas entre os praticantes de atividade física de uma amostra de adultos de acordo com características sociodemográficas. Estudo transversal utilizando dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS) de 2013, com adultos de 18 anos ou mais, praticantes de atividade física (n = 17.350). As variáveis independentes foram sexo, faixa etária, escolaridade e regiões geográficas. As variáveis dependentes foram os tipos de atividade física mais praticadas na população. Para apresentar as frequências de prática de prática segundo região, escolaridade e idade as atividades as atividades foram divididas em três grupos: caminhada, exercício e esportes. Os dados foram analisados no STATA 12.1. Nos homens, as atividades mais comuns foram futebol (39,1%), caminhada (22,9%) e musculação (15,3%). Nas mulheres, foram a caminhada (48,9%), ginástica (19,2%) e musculação (14,2%). Nos homens, a prática de caminhada foi maior nos mais velhos, sem instrução e da região Centro Oeste (p < 0,001). Quanto a prática de exercícios, nos homens, este hábito foi mais comum entre os mais jovens, com maior escolaridade, e da região Sudeste (p < 0,001). Em relação aos esportes, a prática foi mais comum nos mais jovens, nos com maior escolaridade e da região Norte (p < 0,001), tanto nos homens quanto nas mulheres. A prática esportiva foi menos frequente nas mulheres. Os tipos de atividade têm grande influência da idade, escolaridade dos indivíduos e região do país. Estes aspectos devem ser levados em conta do planejamento de intervenções.

Confiabilidade e concordância intra e interavaliadores na avaliação da pressão perineal em nulíparas

AIMS: To verify intra and inter-rater reliability and concordance in the assessment of perineal pressure in nulliparous women.METHODS: Young, healthy, nulliparous, non-pregnant women who had had sexual intercourse and had a correct contraction of the perineal musculature on physical examination were included. Women were excluded if they used other muscles in a visually perceptible way during the perineal contraction; with changes in the pelvic muscles tone; with urinary incontinence; with cognitive alterations; with disease that could affect the muscular and nervous tissues; or practitioners of high-impact physical activity. The participants were submitted to two assessments of perineal pressure on the same day, with different evaluators. After one week the protocol was repeated. Perineal pressure was determined by means of a perineometer and obtained by the difference between the maximum pressure (Pmax) and the minimum pressure (Pmin) recorded by the device, in millimeters of mercury. Sustained contraction (SC) was evaluated by the time in seconds. In order to determine reliability, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used. Bland-Altman test was used for the concordance analysis. Comparison of means was performed by the Wilcoxon test. A value of p≤0.05 was considered significant.RESULTS: Ten participants were included, with a mean age of 23.8±2.9 years and a body mass index of 22.2±1.8 kg / m². The evaluator A obtained excellent intra-rater reliability for Pmin (ICC=0.86, p<0.01) and Pmax (ICC=0.92, p<0.01); very good reliability for perineal pressure (ICC=0.65, p=0.01); and no statistical significance for SC. For evaluator B, there was no statistical significance for Pmin and Pmax, but there was very good reliability for perineal pressure (ICC=0.78, p<0.01) and SC (ICC = 0.70, p<0.01). In the inter-rater analysis (A vs B), on day 1 there was no statistical significance for Pmin, Pmax and perineal pressure; but there was very good reliability for SC (ICC=0.71, p<0.01). On day 2, there was no statistical significance for Pmin and Pmax, but there was very good reliability for perineal pressure (ICC=0.62, p=0.02) and good for SC (ICC=0.56, p=0.03). There was agreement between intra and inter-rater measurements.CONCLUSIONS: Perineal pressure measurements showed very good intra-rater reliability and good to very good inter-rater reliability, with intra and inter-rater concordance.

QUALIDADE DE VIDA DE IDOSOS PRATICANTES DE EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO EM ACADEMIAS AO AR LIVRE EM PARQUE A CÉU ABERTO

The objective of this study was to assess the perception of the quality of life of elderly practitioners of physical activity in outdoors academies in a park. The sample was composted by 39 elderly, divided in two groups: G1 (n=19) who was walking and G2 (n=20) that realized exercises in outdoors academies, both without supervision. The activity level was evaluated by international physical activities questionnaire IPAQ and the perception of quality of life by SF-36 questionnaire. The data analysis was executed with SPSS 22.0 program (p<0,05). There was no significant difference between the groups at comparison of general health status perception, because were presented an excellent to good health status and high score in quality life comparison. It was concluded that practice of physical exercises, both in walks or academies, result in health maintaining and quality of life for elderly people.

La práctica de actividad física y su relación con la satisfacción laboral en una consultora informática

Las organizaciones actuales y modernas están iniciándose en implementar acciones de gestión y promoción de la salud con el objeto de mejorar su calidad de vida y la productividad de la empresa. Una de las variables que impacta en la productividad es la satisfacción laboral, por lo que el propósito de este estudio fue conocer qué tipo de relación existe entre la práctica de actividad física y la satisfacción laboral en Emergya, una consultoría informática. La muestra fueron 152 empleados que contestaron al cuestionario IPAQ para valorar su práctica de actividad física y una pregunta subjetiva sobre la satisfacción laboral. Los resultados mostraron que existen diferencias significativas, siendo los practicantes de actividad física vigorosa (M = 4,19), los practicantes de actividad física moderada (M = 4,15) y los practicantes de actividad física baja (M = 3,38). Por lo tanto los hallazgos concluyen que la práctica de actividad física, de manera vigorosa y moderada influye positivamente en la satisfacción laboral de los empleados. Current and modern organizations are beginning to implement health management and promotion actions in order to improve their quality of life and the productivity of the company. One of the variables that impacts productivity is job satisfaction, so the purpose of this study was to know what kind of relationship exists between the practice of physical activity and job satisfaction in Emergya, a computer consultancy. The sample consisted of 152 employees who answered the IPAQ questionnaire to assess their physical activity practice and a subjective question about job satisfaction. The results showed that there are significant differences, being the practitioners of vigorous physical activity (M = 4,19), the practitioners of moderate physical activity (M = 4,15) and the practitioners of low physical activity (M = 3,38). Therefore, the findings conclude that the practice of physical activity, in a vigorous and moderate way, positively influences the job satisfaction of employees.

Effects of Practicing Physical Activity During Ramadan Fasting on Health-Related Indices: An Updated Brief Review

Based on Moon observation, every year, adults healthy Muslims practiced Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF) for 29 or 30 consecutive days. During RIF Muslims are allowed to food and fluid intake only during night (from sunset to sunrise). Thus, behavioral changes are observed during RIF (e.g., food and sleep habits). Despite these changes, many healthy Muslims maintain their normal habitual physical exercise practice during RIF. However, changes in blood lipids, metabolic markers, electrolytes and hematological parameters during RIF in practitioners of physical activity are yet poorly studied. Therefore, the present review article will summarize the health specific effects of RIF in subjects engaged in physical training during Ramadan.

High out-of-clinic blood pressure is associated with adiposity indicators in leisure physical activity practitioners in Midwest Brazil

BackgroundSeveral diseases, such as obesity, hypertension and type 2 diabetes are frequently associated with metabolic abnormalities, high costs of healthcare and morbi-mortality; thus the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between out-of-clinic high blood pressure and chronic disease-associated adiposity indicators in practitioners of leisure physical activity.MethodsA cross-sectional study with 414 subjects of both genders aged 24–65 years. Data were collected by trained interviewers in five public parks. Body Mass Index (BMI), triceps skinfold and waist circumference (WC) were evaluated. Exercise training, smoking status, alcohol consumption and hypertension diagnosis were self-reported. Casual glycemia concentrations were collected and blood pressure was measured out-of-clinic once during the study. Participants with systolic ≥140 mmHg and diastolic ≥90 mmHg blood pressures were classified as high blood pressure. All analyses were adjusted for age and sex.ResultsHigh-blood pressure was diagnosed in 31.4% (n = 130), but 34 (8.3%) from patients took medication anti-hypertensive and were previously hypertension diagnosed. Participants with high blood pressure had a higher BMI (25.66 vs. 26.87 kg/m2; p = 0.012), WC (90.92 vs. 95.02 cm; p = 0.001), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.0001) when compared to subjects with normal blood pressure. Logistic regression analysis revealed that overweight status assessed by BMI, triceps skinfold and WC increases the high blood pressure probability by approximately 1.61 (95 CI%: 1.06–2.45), 1.02 (95%CI: 1.01–1.05) and 1.61 (95%CI: 1.06–2.45), respectively.ConclusionsAdiposity indicators are associated with high out-of-clinic blood pressure measured in practitioners of leisure physical activity.