Urban Regeneration Practices Research Articles

Timescapes beyond the Metropolises

The past decades have witnessed a rise of culture-led urban regeneration. The successful cultural models have travelled throughout the world, and applied to cities and urban areas regardless of their size and location. Culture, ranging between high culture and contemporary creative economies, acquires potential to contribute to physical, social and economic aspects of urban regeneration. Successful examples of culture-led urban regeneration have tempted small cities to invest in traveling global cultural policies. Academic community has criticized these travelling policies for over-simplifying the abstract notion of culture, overrating the benefits of culture-led urban regeneration and ignoring local temporal specifics. This paper argues that a temporal analysis framework would enable a holistic approach to culture-led urban regeneration, and embrace the temporal uniqueness of urban contexts. This article discusses the temporal characteristics of culture-led regeneration in a provincial city context within an empirical case study analysis of Myllytulli in Oulu, Northern Finland. Myllytulli represents a district of regional cultural relevance where cultural amenities range from museums and educational facilities to creative bottom-up initiatives. This study reframes Myllytulli’s urban regeneration process using temporal conceptions of recent interdisciplinary academic discourse. The empirical data set consists of expert interviews, observation material and municipal planning documents. The results analyse the urban regeneration process within the linear temporal ideals of rational-comprehensive planning, reactive experiential urbanism and relational dimensions of time. The paper suggests time-sensitive approaches for future research and practice of urban regeneration.

Bottom-up Urban Regeneration and Vacant Buildings: A Framework to understand how Empty Properties can be Strategically Embedded in Bottom-up Projects

The bottom-up projects, in the years after the Great Crisis, have been considered as a popular measure to solve urban issues, overcoming the conditions of austerity faced by public actors. However, these initiatives not only seem confined to solve very specific issues but are often linked to a more comprehensive urban regeneration strategy, thus capable of addressing the economic, social and physical aspects of a wider part of the city. This article presents the first findings of wider research, which analyses the link between bottom-up practices and the concept of urban regeneration. In particular, this article focuses on an element that appears to be fundamental for the development of these bottom-up urban regeneration practices: the presence of vacant buildings available for the reuse. This article suggests the possibility to analyse how vacant buildings are embedded in these practices through three steps, called steps for the regeneration through the reuse of vacant buildings (SteRVs), namely Recognition, Appropriation and Design. The validity of the three phases is demonstrated through a multiple case study analysis, that considers two renowned bottom-up urban regeneration cases developed in Europe mainly after 2000: Farm Cultural Park, in Favara (Italy) and NDSM wharf, in Amsterdam.

Establishing the Current State of Research on Urban Regeneration in Waterfront Cities

Abstract The purpose of this study is to combine two bodies of literature and theory: the first on urban change and coastal regeneration, and the second on the ideas of concerns that influence and shape urban regeneration practice. The goal of this paper is to conduct a review of the pertinent literature on this subject. It will analyze urban change theories as well as the key causes that have shaped transformation over the last few decades. Additionally, it aims to define urban regeneration functionally, to explain its principles and features, and to present a brief history of its growth in Romania. Finally, this work seeks to establish the research niche by examining the evolution of waterfront urban rehabilitation.

Network Governance and the Evolving Urban Regeneration Policymaking in China: A Case Study of Insurgent Practices in Enninglu Redevelopment Project

The network governance approach has been adopted by many researchers and practitioners with respect to policy analysis and modern state governance. This study utilizes a broadly defined network-based framework to trace the evolution of urban regeneration policymaking in Guangzhou, China. Drawing upon the notions of “network” and previous scholars’ work on participatory planning, this study focuses on the changing relational networks among the various actors that are engaged in the urban regeneration process and the factors motivating these changes. In so doing, this study uses the ongoing Enninglu redevelopment project (2006–) as an illustrative case study. By examining the insurgent practices in the Enninglu redevelopment process, this study argues that urban redevelopment policymaking in China has changed twofold. First, the planning regime has transited from state-dominant practices to one that is primarily driven by the local government, the enhanced role of higher education institutions and experts as a “professional interest group”, and the increased participation of non-state actors in the policymaking process. Second, the decision-making mechanism has transformed from an interventionism-oriented system to a polyarchy-oriented system in which both the advocacy coalition and opposition coalition are embedded in the governance network. Additionally, the emergence of insurgent practices in Enninglu suggests an emerging shift toward substantive participatory governance in the Chinese context. From a network perspective, this study attempts to contribute to the understanding of the evolving urban regeneration policymaking in China and broader governance networks in urban regeneration practices.

Mismatch of regulating ecosystem services for sustainable urban planning: PM10 removal and urban heat island effect mitigation in the municipality of Rome (Italy)

Balancing the ecosystem service (ES) mismatch should be a goal of sustainable urban planning. However, (i) many urban areas lack an assessment of this mismatch and (ii) scientific findings are not easily translatable into good practices. In this study, we assessed the mismatch for two regulating ESs—regulation of air quality (intended as PM10 removal by vegetation) and urban temperature regulation—in the Municipality of Rome (Italy). The spatial distribution of the ES mismatch was then used to identify priority intervention areas (PIAs), namely those that would benefit the most from targeted urban planning. To do so, we computed composite indicators of supply and demand for each ES, adopting a process-based approach. Additionally, a monetary valuation of the related benefits associated with urban green infrastructure is provided. Our findings suggest that regulation of air quality falls short in highly urbanized areas, whereas a mismatch in urban temperature regulation is observed in both highly urbanized areas and some agricultural lands. The majority of the PIAs fall in the eastern and southern sectors of the Municipality of Rome. Our findings also indicate that urban planning should consider urban regeneration practices and reforestation of existing green areas within the PIAs. Sustainable urban planning can produce remarkable environmental benefits, as estimated, for the Municipality of Rome, up to several hundred million euros per year, depending on the methodology used for the monetary valuation.

Tangible Cultural Heritage Re-Appropriation Towards A New Urban Centrality. A Critical Crossroad In Semi-Peripheral Eastern Riverside Lisbon

. The transformation of decayed semi-peripheral riverside areas and its Tangible Culture Heritage is presented today as a contributing factor in urban regeneration by several public preservation bodies and agendas, as well as privately led investment. These practices demand the economic and symbolic valorization of abandoned Tangible Cultural Heritage, where the social coexistence of residents, workers and visitors is seen as a smoother urban integration of these deprived territories and their communities into the surrounding contemporary cities.We’ll focus our approach on socio-spatial changes occurring in Marvila and Beato, presented today as new urban areas in which to financially invest after the 2011 economic crisis occurred in Portugal, discussing public and private re- appropriation of Old Palaces, Convents and Farms and Reconverted Warehouses (industrial and commercial); towards the creation of a new urban centrality in Lisbon. In this case, public ground-field intervention established a culture led regeneration process, with the creation of a municipal library, a crucial point in the cultural use of this space, community participation and gathering. Dealing with private investors, despite the positive effects, such as a reduction in unemployment, economic diversification and re-use of urban voids, there is always the possibility of undesired consequences. This paper argues, and the research experiments in many European cities show us that the ambition to improve the image of these deprived areas, despite somGonzalex encouraging ground level achievements, has unwanted or unexpected outcomes, starting as urban regeneration practices, often sliding towards gentrification, where local public powers have a determinant role.

A model to support the decision-making in urban regeneration

Urban regeneration represents an opportunity for sustainable development and smart growth of towns. The European best practices of urban regeneration demonstrate its effectiveness to valorize obsolete existing buildings, through integrated design of energy and structural upgrade. In countries of southern Europe, characterized by medium to high seismic risk, programs of urban regeneration, would make it possible to reduce buildings vulnerability, through seismic upgrade/retrofit interventions, or alternatively, through demolition and reconstruction interventions, when the previous ones do not allow the improvement of seismic performance of building structures in order to ensure adequate levels of safety. The research work sets out a real case for a possible process of urban regeneration, of a residential neighborhood located in the city of Matera, through demolition of existing buildings and then their reconstruction in the same volume size or, eventually, increased in relation to the premiums of volume required by current regulations. The process involves three different categories of stakeholders: residents, public sector and private investor responsible for executing and financing of the entire processing. Each of them with different and contrasting needs. At the end of the process, the new surfaces should be redistributed between residents and private investor. These shares, with the volumetric premium, constitute the unknown variables of the problem and, their possible combinations represent the different possible options of intervention. The problem is solved through the construction of the model based on the objective functions, expressed by utility functions, defined for each stakeholder. The search for the optimum solution, which is able to balance the different utilities, is carried out with Multi-objective linear programming.

Collaborative workshop and community participation: A new approach to urban regeneration in China

Public participation has been widely playing a very critical role in facilitating urban regeneration. However, the public frequently lacks a channel to participate in urban regeneration practices in developing countries in China, the government is paying more attention to public participation in urban regeneration, and the public is also concerning the participation for their interests. By taking Shenjing village in Guangzhou, China as a case study, this study develops a community participation model and a collaborative workshop toolbox; analyzes how multiple stakeholders are unutilized through a collaborative workshop to participate in decision-making; explores how collaborative workshop was successfully carried out in the achievement of consensus; and argues the need for a new planning scheme. The roles played by the government and planners are changing and become the catalysts for community participation. As a combination of top-down and bottom-up methods, the collaborative workshop is a useful model for community participation in urban regeneration, which promotes the co-action of the government and the public through consultation and negotiation. The collaborative workshop ensures the appeal of stakeholders' interests and the equal allocation of resources. Also, a supplementary planning system is necessary for promoting community planners for China and other developing countries.

Spatial evaluations of İzmir Uzundere neighborhood urban regeneration project

Population growth in our country, which started in the 1950s and increased due to migration from the village to the city, caused irregular construction, reduction of green areas and pollution. Urban regeneration practice (which can bedefined as rehabilitation of some parts of the city, reuse of abandoned areas, improvement of damaged urban areas and interventions to increase the quality of social and cultural life) is an important tool that can be used to create sustainable cities. In this study, It is aimed to determine the benefit of the urban regeneration project and thus to determine whether the urban regeneration project to be implemented contributes to sustainable urbanization in example of “The urban renovation project of Izmir Metropolitan Municipality located in Uzundere Neighborhood of Karabaglar” by remote sensing methods and spatial analysis of zoning plan layouts, measuring land use decisions, the amount of green areas per capita, the change in , CO₂ gas retention.

Emerging Participative Approaches for Urban Regeneration in Chinese Megacities

The rapid development of Chinese megacities in the last decades have been mainly characterized by top-down planning and large-scale urban development and redevelopment, as well as by using place-making as a tool for city branding. This approach has also been used in other countries and has been constantly criticized for replacing old neighborhoods. In recent years, alternative development modes and participative approaches in urban regeneration practices have emerged in cities such as Shanghai and Shenzhen. This paper investigates participative urban regeneration cases in Yangpu District, located in Shanghai, and the Dalang subdistrict in Shenzhen. Both case studies are located at the urban-rural interface, where past industrialization processes have resulted in complex sociospatial conditions. The primary focus was to analyze the governance aspects in the cases, such as the enabling factors that allow the participative approach to emerge in these projects and their governance model. This paper concludes on the importance of civil society organizations and the incorporation of social objectives in emerging participative regeneration practices.

Directions of reconstruction of the river station and the Postal area of Kiev

The article deals with the directions of reconstruction of the Kiev River Station andPost Squarein the present conditions due to the loss of the original purpose of the objects. A general analysis and proposals for the improvement of thePost Squarearea were made. In addition to the transport and communication hub, the Post Office is an important element of the city's public space. The main task is to preserve the object of cultural heritage - the river station, to renovate it into an art and art center. The building of the river station has lost its original function and today it is chaotically used as a platform for temporary events (cinema, photo shoots, food festivals, gallery for artists). The concept of development and change with the application of the "Valletta Principles for the Conservation and Management of Historic Cities and Urban Areas" is proposed. Of particular importance in the document is the preservation and respect for intangible values, including the "spirit of place" (genius loci). The Post Office Square houses two landmarks of the "Coastal City Quarter of Medieval Kiev" - a monument of archeology of national importance and the building of the River Station - a monument of architecture, town planning, monumental art of local importance. To enhance the "spirit of the place", use the facade of the River Station building as a canvas for a light show that will showcase the expositions of the Underground Museum and the Mosaic of the River Station, and highlight the activities that will take place. The light show on the facade of the River Station building will help to promote and enhance the "spirit of the place". In addition, this evening event will attract great attention of tourists and locals. The practice of urban regeneration based on old unused territories emerged in the 19th century inEngland. The urban concept has made it possible to use new features for redeveloped spaces and to streamline the territories of former industrial enterprises, which has affected the infrastructure of many cities in the world. -aesthetic effect of the existing environment, develop the tourism industry, bring investment, stimulate the city as a whole.

Sustainability of urban regeneration in Turkey: Assessing the performance of the North Ankara Urban Regeneration Project

The increasing environmental footprints of cities necessitated the integration sustainability principles into urban planning and development frameworks. The growing attention on urban sustainability also influenced the policy and the practice of urban regeneration. The quest for new methods for regenerating existing urban quarters in sustainable manners resulted in the concept of sustainable urban regeneration. The concept aims to develop urban regeneration projects in line with the three key pillars of sustainable development.Since the turn of the new millennium, urban regeneration initiatives in Turkish cities have gained a new momentum, mainly due to the increasing interest by public and private sectors. As expected, squatters constituted one of the main focuses of the recent initiatives for urban regeneration. Nevertheless, the Turkish experience of urban regeneration differs from the international experiences in terms of the motivation behind and the scope of the projects. Despite the growing link between sustainability and urban regeneration in international practices, sustainability has not yet been a major motivation for urban regeneration practices in Turkey.This research assesses the sustainability performance of one of the most prominent examples of squatter regeneration in Turkey, namely the North Ankara Urban Regeneration Project (NAURP). The project has been evaluated by means of an indicator-based methodology. The research indicates that the project's contribution to urban sustainability has been minimal and thus, further efforts are required to improve the sustainability performance of urban regeneration projects in Turkey. In the light of this finding, policy implications have been made to push sustainable urban regeneration agenda in Turkey.

Analysis of the first urban regeneration area in Kocaeli after Gölcük earthquake by using zoning plans

Rapidly growing cities following The Industrial Revolution remained insufficient to fulfill today’s necessities. Also, natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods or unsound structures have affected the development of cities adversely. Although natural disasters can be unpredictable, the issue of preparing cities for natural disasters, planning cities and regulating laws accordingly are becoming increasingly crucial. Urban regeneration activities are one of these preventions taken in this purpose. It is observed that countries such as Turkey, faced with natural disasters intensively, suffer from serious physical, financial and moral losses. Therefore, urban renewal activities have gained importance in Turkey after The Golcuk Earthquake (7.4Mw) and The Duzce Earthquake (7.2Mw) in 1999. The first urban regeneration project in Kocaeli where was one of the cities experiencing hard collapses of these earthquakes is about to be completed. Research of the principles of urban sustainability and resiliency in urban regeneration practices, which are priority issues due to natural disaster risks, has come into prominence. It is important not only to make urban areas more resistant to disasters but also to design according to social, economic and ecological criteria to make more livable. In this study, social, health, green, transportation and educational areas of the first urban regeneration area in Kocaeli were examined in terms of the basic needs of the city. For this purpose, pre and postproject zoning plans are analyzed and transferred to the GIS. The areal changes in the above-mentioned needs are evaluated for changing population density and their sufficiencies are compared.

A Study on the Revitalization of Urban Regeneration Using Land Banking System

최근 활발하게 논의되고 있는 도시재생 뉴딜사업은 지역 여건에 맞는 지역맞춤형 도시재생의 방향을 지향하고 있다. 다른 한편으로는 도시재생사업을 통해 실질적인 환경 개선이 이루어지고 지역경쟁력이 강화되어 가는 과정에서 발생하는 젠트리피케이션 문제가 지속적으로 지적되고 있다. 이 글은 현행 도시재생사업의 한계를 파악한 후, 해외사례 검토를 바탕으로 젠트리피케이션 대응 및 공공성 확보를 위한 제도개선방안을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 해외 사례 검토 결과, 영국에서는 지역사회가 스스로 지역사회를 형성할 수 있도록 일정 권한을 부여하고 있음을 확인하였으며 미국의 경우에는 준공공기관이 직접적으로 관여하여 부담가능한 상업공간을 제공함으로써 임대료 안정화를 도모하고 있었다. 또한 빈집비축 및 활용을 통해 지역인구 감소 및 유출, 도시슬럼화 문제에 대응하는 사례도 있다. 그러나 다양한 노력에도 불구하고 재원조달의 지속가능성 면에서는 한계가 나타났다. 이에 본 연구는 기존 도시재생사업의 한계를 극복하고 향후 도지재생 뉴딜사업을 활성화하기 위한 제도적 장치의 일환으로 토지비축제도와 연계된 재원조달 방안으로서 토지연금제를 제시하였다. 토지비축을 통해 확보한 부지와 빈집은 지역사회를 위한 생산적인 용도로 활용하도록 하며, 이때 토지연금 지급방식을 도입함으로써 재원 확보는 물론 젠트리피케이션 현상을 일부 완화할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.Recently urban regeneration as a new deal has attracted interest from both academics and practitioners in Korea. Also the problem of gentrification took place in the field of urban regeneration. However, there is little study on the way in which urban regeneration projects are linked to the land banking system in Korea. In this context, this research is aimed at reviewing the practices of urban regeneration, suggesting legal implications for preventing gentrification. The result of this study points out that the current land banking system has a severe problem in terms of financial sustainability, and suggests that introduction of land pension system as a means of gentrification prevention. This means that the cost of land expropriation for urban regeneration will be paid on the installment. By the introduction of land pension system, both securing finances and gentrification prevention will be expected.

Culture as Contradiction in Urban Regeneration: Sanitization, Commodification and Critical Resistance in Liverpool One

This essay uses critiques of the homogenization of urban regeneration practices over recent decades to examine Liverpool ONE (L1), a privately owned, open-air retail develoment in the center of the historic city. The argument considers the role of a particular concept of culture in enabling major projects, which frequently involve the conversion of public resources into private assets, to be projected in a benign light. Countering this trend is a core mission for New York-based activist artist, Reverend Billy and his Church of Stop Shopping Choir; an inspiration to young artists in Liverpool. Since opening, L1 has functioned as a focal point for critical cultural interventions, whereby artists draw attention to the enclosure of urban democracy that results from the corporate takeover of established commercial streets. This essay examines two interventionist projects which deployed the potential of performance to critique Liverpool ONE: Duke Aid, executed by undergraduate performing arts students from Liverpool Hope University (2009), and Ghost Town (Liverpool Gothic Festival, 2013), written and performed by Alice Colquhoun and Izzy Major.

The EU urban policy in the period 2007–13: lessons from the Spanish experience

ABSTRACTUrban issues have been under the policy attention of the European Union (EU) from the late 1980s. Its influence has been particularly significant in countries that had not developed an explicit urban national policy. This is the case of Spain, in which specific instruments aimed to address urban challenges co-funded by the Structural Funds have been developed over the last four programming periods of the Cohesion Policy. These instruments have been the following: URBAN (1994–99); URBAN II (2000–06); the Iniciativa Urbana (IU) (2007–13); and the Integrated Sustainable Urban Development Strategies (ISUDS/EDUSI) (2014–20). So far they have been the only explicit initiatives of urban regeneration that have operated at a national scale in the country. This fact, together with the sustained experience in implementing these kinds of instruments, points to Spain being an interesting case study in which to understand the evolution and contribution of the urban dimension of Cohesion Policy from 1994 to the present. In this context, the IU emerges as particularly relevant because it has worked as a nexus between the two rounds of URBAN and the ISUDS that are currently being implemented. It is also relevant because it continued the implementation of the URBAN method in Spain explicitly through 46 programmes of urban regeneration that were developed in all the regions (Autonomous Communities), something that did not happen in any other member states in the period 2007–13. Building on the literature on the contribution of URBAN to the practice of urban regeneration in the country, this study develops an in-depth analysis of the IU. The research has allowed the identification of the relevant lessons aimed to inform the implementation of the 173 ISUDS that are being developed at present in Spanish cities. These lessons can also contribute to the Spanish Urban Agenda (in progress) and, at the EU level, to the definition of the urban dimension of Cohesion Policy for the post-2020 period and its implementation in the member states.

Espacios públicos y dimensión informal de la vida urbana en Quito

El presente estudio analiza los espacios públicos urbanos de la ciudad de Quito, desde una lectura que relaciona las características de los lugares, con las dinámicas de uso y la percepción individual y colectiva de los usuarios. En primer lugar ha sido posible estipular un cuadro taxonómico de referencia, mediante un atento trabajo sistemático de los espacios urbanos analizados. Se deduce un uso informal de los parques públicos por parte de los habitantes durante los días de fiesta, para disfrutar al aire libre. Lo que parece muy relevante es como, en ausencia de fuertes contenidos formales, los espacios destinados al área verde con algún arbolado, se transformen en espacios aceptados donde la comunidad local interacciona y cumple con una actividad de esparcimiento. La ciudad informal se auto-organiza con usos espontáneos de los espacios, siguiendo instintos y respondiendo a necesidades contingentes de manera adaptativa.

El desarrollo de las iniciativas comunitarias Urban y Urban II en las periferias degradadas de las ciudades españolas. Una contribución a la práctica de la regeneración urbana en España

Desde que en 1990 la CEE publicara el «Libro Verde sobre el Medio Ambiente Urbano», la Unión Europea ha desarrollado un papel activo en la lucha contra los procesos de declive que afectan a las ciudades de los Estados miembros, un papel basado en contribuciones en forma de recomendaciones y comunicaciones, y de una labor de acción directa sobre las zonas urbanas financiada a través del Fondo de Cohesión, el FEDER y el FSE. Esta labor desembocó en 1994 en la creación de un instrumento específico para combatir la degradación urbana: la Iniciativa Comunitaria URBAN. En España, tanto la dimensión urbana de la política de la UE como, en particular, URBAN y URBAN II, han supuesto una aportación relevante en el ámbito de la regeneración de los barrios degradados. El presente artículo profundiza en la contribución que las dos fases de esta Iniciativa Comunitaria han hecho a la práctica de la regeneración de las áreas periféricas en el país, focalizando en las aportaciones generales que se han detectado a través del análisis de los proyectos URBAN desarrollados en las áreas periféricas de las ciudades españolas.

Involving small landlords as a regeneration strategy under shrinkage: evidence from two East German cases

ABSTRACTIn light of ongoing shrinkage processes affecting a number of cities and regions in Europe and around the world, the planning literature has suggested a need for new planning concepts and strategies, or even a new planning paradigm. This paper aims to contribute to the debate by investigating the adaptation of the process of urban regeneration to shrinkage. Urban regeneration is a common policy in cities facing population and economic decline. However, particularly for inner-city neighbourhoods, it has not been sufficiently documented how urban regeneration responds to challenges related to shrinkage. Looking first at the evolving national policy framework and then at two local case studies, this paper identifies conditions leading to the emergence of new practices of urban regeneration in inner-city neighbourhoods in Eastern Germany. These practices are characterized by the moderate usage of public subsidies combined with ‘soft’ measures like cooperation with individual property owners and potential investors as well as place marketing.

Urban regeneration and social innovation: The role of communitybased organisations in the railway station area in Padua, Italy

Today we witness strengthened structural spatial divisions within city neighbourhoods, increased inequality and sharper lines of division.1 Neighbourhoods are increasingly hyper-diverse.2 In Europe, high rates of unemployment, austerity and poverty make hyper-diverse neighbourhoods and local communities increasingly complex and problematic. Traditional state-driven top-down revitalisation strategies have often resulted in new urban dynamics and heightened tensions, as well as gentrification processes and social exclusion. Given this backdrop, urban neighbourhoods have become a privileged unit of observation. Here, community-based initiatives have been experimented in dissimilar urban contexts both within and outside of Europe, in some cases producing social cohesion and transforming power relations and socio-spatial inequalities. This paper highlights the need to insert social innovation into urban regeneration practices in order to convey a different approach to socio-spatial change directed to ‘territorial development’. In this sense, urban regeneration is seen as a grounded process in ‘spatialised’ communities, able to take inequality into account within the spatial and social distribution of disadvantage.3 Path-dependency, citizenship mobilisation and the activation of local resources are all essential ingredients for urban regeneration practices. Community-based initiatives play an important role in both social and urban transformation, particularly when they foster forms of institutional learning able to promote an improvement in institutional arrangements and advance awareness of the social effect of micro-practices.4