Administrative Practices Research Articles

前言：爲什麽應該重視公共健康倫理學的研究？

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English. Public health is widely recognised as a public or collective good with non-rivalrous and non-exclusive traits. Nonetheless, the advancement of public health often demands resource allocation necessitating adherence to ethical standards in governmental policy and administrative practices. The diverse ethical principles of different cultures lead to diverse conceptualisations and implementations of effective policies to enhance public well-being. Hence, comparative cross-cultural analyses can offer valuable insights into pertinent matters. This collection of thematic essays and commentaries within the journal introduces and investigates key topics in research on public health ethics.

ISOMORPHISM DALAM TRANSFORMASI DIGITAL INOVASI PELAYANAN PUBLIK

This research aims to investigate the patterns of isomorphism in the adoption of digital technologies in Indonesian government agencies, focusing on the variability of implementation and its impact on the harmonization of administrative practices and the efficiency of public services. The research method uses a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews and document analysis to collect data from various government agencies. The results of the analysis show that isomorphism facilitates inter-agency coordination but also presents challenges related to local innovation and adaptation. The implications of this research highlight the need for policies that support technology standardization while considering contextual variations to improve the responsiveness and quality of public services in Indonesia.

Adaptation Administration Practices and Accommodating Classroom Organization of Public Elementary School Teachers

This study determined and described the adaptation administration practices and accommodating classroom organization of public elementary school teachers in the Lupon District, Division of Davao Oriental. It employed a non-experimental quantitative research design utilizing a correlational method. The respondents of the study comprised 139 public elementary school teachers selected through universal sampling. Data analysis involved the use of mean, Pearson r, and regression analysis. The findings revealed that the adaptation administration practices of public elementary school teachers, in terms of consideration, stimulation, motivation, and influence, were oftentimes demonstrated by the teachers. Similarly, accommodating classroom organization, in terms of normative behavior, workplace behavior, values, and decision-making, was also oftentimes observed. Furthermore, a significant relationship was found between adaptation administration practices and accommodating classroom organization among teachers. It was further revealed that the domains of adaptation administration practices significantly influenced the accommodating classroom organization of public elementary school teachers. Based on the findings, it is recommended that public school teachers participate in conferences and training programs organized by the Department of Education (DepEd) as part of a professional development program. Such initiatives could enhance teachers' knowledge and skills, thereby fostering improved educational practices and creating a more conducive learning environment for students.

Parenteral Nutrition in the Health-Care Setting: A Comprehensive Review

Parenteral Nutrition (PN) is a critical therapeutic technique that delivers necessary nutrients straight into the circulation, bypassing the gastrointestinal system. This strategy is critical for people who are unable to acquire appropriate nourishment through oral or enteral routes owing to a variety of medical issues. PN first appeared in the mid-twentieth century, primarily to help those who were very malnourished or recuperating from significant surgery. As medical understanding of nutrition grew, so did the complexity and customization of PN formulations, allowing for personalized nutritional support depending on metabolic demands. The indications for PN are diverse, including gastrointestinal diseases, cancer therapies, severe illnesses, neurological issues, and pediatric demands. Patients suffering with Crohn's illness, short gut syndrome, and severe malnutrition caused by cancer therapies frequently rely on PN to maintain their nutritional status. Furthermore, critically sick patients in intensive care settings typically encounter elevated metabolic demands, needing efficient nutritional therapies that oral feeding cannot deliver. While PN has considerable advantages, such as increased recovery, malnutrition prevention, and quality of life, it is not without hazards. Infections, metabolic abnormalities, and liver dysfunction are all possible complications, emphasizing the importance of thorough monitoring and following best practices in PN administration. A multidisciplinary approach including healthcare specialists from several professions is required to achieve the best outcomes for patients seeking PN. Looking ahead, technological developments, personalized dietary techniques, and artificial intelligence integration promise to improve the safety and efficacy of PN. Continuous research and innovation are required to solve current difficulties and enhance the overall quality of care for patients requiring parenteral feeding. As the healthcare environment shifts, PN will remain an important component of nutritional support, requiring continuing attention and development in clinical practice.

Caracterização de medicamentos veterinários em fazendas leiteiras de Tupã, Brasil

Objective – This study aimed to characterize the profile of veterinary drug usage on thirteen dairy farms in Tupã, São Paulo. Methodology - Structured questionnaires were applied to milk producers in the region of Tupã - SP, investigating the types of drugs used, frequency of application and possible dosage deviations. Originality/relevance - The use of veterinary drugs in dairy cattle is a common practice for disease prevention and treatment. However, their inappropriate use can cause serious public health problems, such as the presence of residues in milk and increased microbial resistance. Results - The most frequently cited drugs were oxytetracycline (61.5%), silver nitrate and sulfadiazine (61.5%), ivermectin (46.2%) and oxytocin (46.2%). Most producers used therapeutic drugs sporadically, but 62.5% of those using oxytetracycline reported a repeated use throughout the year. Although prophylactic use of dewormers is common, only one producer reported excessive use of ivermectin. These findings reinforce the need for greater control and guidance in the use of veterinary drugs to ensure herd health, avoid chemical residues in milk, and prevent the emergence of microbial resistance. Social and environmental contributions - The study reinforces the importance of good practices in drug administration to ensure the sustainability of dairy production and food safety.

Impact of Indigenous Practices in School Leadership: A Phenomenological Study of Community Schools

This paper aims to explore the influences of indigenous practices of the Sherpa community in school leadership. Purposely four Sherpa head teachers with more than five years of experience were selected from the Dolakha district. In-depth interviews were conducted for the information collection and head teachers day to day activities and their decision-making and administrative practices were observed and maintained diary. The interview records and diary notes were transcribed and developed code. Themes were developed using a similar code and analyzed thematically. The study found that Indigenous school leadership enhanced their indigenous knowledge, values, and culture in school. It promotes inclusiveness and equity in the school. The Sherpa community has a strong belief system of rebirth. Taking something from others is a sin, and enjoy donating poor and backwards. Indigenous leaders are found more accountable and transparent in the school administrative process.

Quality Teaching in Ekiti State Secondary Schools: An Application of Ordinal Logistic Regression

This study investigates the quality of teaching in secondary schools in Ekiti State, Nigeria, using ordinal logistic regression to examine the impact of teacher demographics and teaching practices on student performance. The research focuses on teachers from six selected secondary schools within Ado-Ekiti, comprising a sample of 295 educators. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered via Google Forms and shared on WhatsApp platforms of the respondents. The study analyzes factors such as age, gender, educational background, teaching experience, lesson planning, technology integration, teaching methods, assessment practices, feedback provision, and professional development. Descriptive statistics and ordinal logistic regression were employed to assess the significance of these variables on student performance outcomes. Results indicate that older teachers and female educators positively influence student performance, while frequent integration of technology and rigid lesson planning negatively impact outcomes. The study also finds that regular feedback and active student participation significantly enhance performance. However, attending professional development workshops and the availability of teaching resources showed unexpected negative associations with student performance, suggesting potential issues with the applicability or effectiveness of these resources and training. The study highlights the importance of adaptive teaching methods, supportive administrative practices, and active student engagement in improving educational quality. These findings provide valuable insights for policy makers and educators aiming to enhance teaching effectiveness and student learning in secondary schools in Ekiti State.

Leading sustainable school improvement: a meta-synthesis of qualitative research on problems and challenges faced by school leaders

IntroductionDeveloping broader insights into the problems or challenges faced by school leaders resulting from various factors both within and out of school is a crucial attempt to provide solutions on scientific grounds and to ensure the sustainability of schools.MethodsThis study aims to contribute to both the theory and practice of sustainable school administration through conducting the meta-synthesis of prior qualitative studies on the problems and challenges faced by school leaders. Data were collected from several databases indexing educational research, and the analysis was conducted using data from 24 studies presenting the perspectives of a total of 614 participants.ResultsThe results showed that school leaders had significant problems particularly with insufficient funds and budgets, shortage of school staff, insufficient or unwilling teachers, an abundance of responsibilities with limited authority, maintenance of school buildings, and tackling excessive and fast-changing legislations. Lack of inspectors’ expertise and their being closed to novel ideas, principal assignments not based on merit, insufficient communication and collaboration among teachers, and pressures from the superiors or unions were also listed among the other serious problems and challenges.DiscussionThese findings suggest putting more effort into improving human resources, school budgets, curriculum and instruction, parental involvement, mechanisms to tackle student problematic behavior, ensuring the professional quality of teachers, school leaders, and inspectors as well as providing school leaders with the necessary support while expecting them to realize an abundance of responsibilities. The challenges caused by bureaucratic pressures, political press, and union discord should also be crucially considered by the higher authorities if school leaders are expected to contribute to the sustainable improvement of schools.

Fixing crisis, transforming landscapes: Social, spatial, ecological, and racial fixes in New Deal South Carolina

This article examines the spatial, social, ecological, and racial fixes of the Santee-Cooper Project, a New Deal hydroelectric project constructed between 1938 and 1942 that inundated the homes of 901 Black, Indigenous, and poor White families in central South Carolina. Drawing upon Ruth Wilson Gilmore’s concept of crisis, and Clyde Woods and David Harvey’s notion of the (socio-)spatial fix, the research underscores how the New Deal attempted to address economic, political, and racial crises by implementing a series of fixes aimed at stabilizing economic markets while reshaping ecological and racial landscapes. This article reveals how the New Deal reconfigured Black geographies and ecologies, displacing communities and ecosystems in the name of progress. By scrutinizing local administrative practices and broader regional consequences, the article highlights the far-reaching impacts of state-initiated development amid crises of racial capitalism. The analysis concludes with an attention to the Green New Deal, pushing back against the fixity inherent in the original public works program, and advocating for a nuanced approach to repair in the face of environmental crises. By reassessing the historical significance of the New Deal and the missteps made in the face of early 20th-century crises, this research informs debates on socio-environmental justice and equitable development, offering guidance for navigating crises in the modern era.

Comprehensive Review of Health Administration Practices with A Focus on Laboratory Management

This paper concludes that effective health administration is vital for overall organizational efficiency, particularly in the healthcare industry, measured through the level of accomplishment of laboratory objectives. Therefore, this extensive literature review aims to discuss the main principles of leadership in health administration with an emphasis on laboratory management, which is the most sensitive and known to be effective, efficient, and innovative. This paper reviews the advancements in management in healthcare facility laboratories, including systems, technology, and guidelines. Particular emphasis is placed on the developments in the field of laboratory management resulting from improvements in health informatics, regulation, and mandatory improvements in the quality and safety of laboratory testing. The review also includes best practices and emerging trends, including staffing, training and development, resources, planning and control, and compliance. Thus, this paper offers a literature review of previous research and new data on factors enhancing laboratory management best practices and the corresponding recommendations.

Comprehensive Review of Health Informatics and Administrative Practices in Healthcare

Specifically, health informatics is an uphill profession responsible for changing the direction of healthcare systems to manage a massive amount of healthcare data. This paper explores the integration of health informatics with healthcare admission, focusing on the developments, trends, and issues encountered in the field. This paper aims to discuss healthcare organizations' key technologies, systems, and practices regarding clinical and administrative work approaches such as EHR, HIS, and telemedicine. This review looks at relevant studies and studies done in recent years and has highlighted how technology helps healthcare organizations deliver efficient, safe, and quality care. The paper also features recommendations for improving health informatics and other administrative practice outcomes, emphasizing future trends in healthcare technology.

Methodology of Political Management in Teaching Modern Political Science

In contemporary political practice, political management has become one of the most popular and effective methods of governance. As a flexible and practical form of political influence, it is increasingly utilized by political organizations, parties, and government officials worldwide. However, its fundamental role in applied political science education is often overlooked. Tracing its origins to state institutions rather than commerce, political management is rooted in the early practices of governmental administration, exemplified by the work of F.W. Taylor in the early 20th century. This paper explores the role of political management within the political system, outlining its types and methodologies. Emphasis is placed on understanding political governance as a mechanism for influencing public life, while the article also highlights modern methods such as quantitative and qualitative empirical approaches, and theoretical methods including systemic, structural-functional, and critical-dialectical analysis. Political management's significance and application in modern political systems are examined through both theoretical frameworks and practical experiences.

ASSESSING ADMINISTRATIVE EFFECTIVENESS: THE IMPACT OF PERSONALITY TRAITS AND ORGANISATIONAL CLIMATE

The article explores the relationship between personality traits, organisational climate, and administrative effectiveness, focusing on how these factors interact to shape organisational performance. The Five-Factor Model (Big Five) of personality is used to analyse the impact of specific traits on key dimensions of administrative effectiveness, such as efficiency, decision-making quality, and staff satisfaction. Organisational climate plays a significant role in shaping administrative effectiveness, with positive and negative climates fostering high productivity and employee morale. Positive climates, characterised by good communication, lack of support, and managerial incompetence, hinder performance and lead to high turnover rates. The article analyses the impact of organisational climate on various aspects of administrative practice, including employee motivation, communication patterns, and resource allocation. The research also explores the synergistic effects between personality traits and organisational climate, highlighting how individual characteristics can either enhance or mitigate the impact of the organisational environment on administrative effectiveness. The article presents a systematic literature review, synthesis report, and document analysis on the relationship between personality traits, organisational climate, and administrative effectiveness. The review identifies research gaps and highlights the correlation between traits like openness to experience and conscientiousness with effective administrative practices. The article concludes with practical implications for organisations, suggesting using assessment tools to identify personality traits and organisational climate characteristics, implementing training programs to develop individual strengths, and revising organisational policies to create a culture that values diverse personality traits and promotes employee well-being. The article explores the relationship between personality traits, organisational climate, and administrative effectiveness, focusing on how these factors interact to shape organisational performance. The Five-Factor Model (Big Five) of personality is used to analyse the impact of specific traits on key dimensions of administrative effectiveness, such as efficiency, decision-making quality, and staff satisfaction. Organisational climate plays a significant role in shaping administrative effectiveness, with positive and negative climates fostering high productivity and employee morale. Positive climates, characterised by good communication, lack of support, and managerial incompetence, hinder performance and lead to high turnover rates. The article analyses the impact of organisational climate on various aspects of administrative practice, including employee motivation, communication patterns, and resource allocation. The research also explores the synergistic effects between personality traits and organisational climate, highlighting how individual characteristics can either enhance or mitigate the impact of the organisational environment on administrative effectiveness. The article presents a systematic literature review, synthesis report, and document analysis on the relationship between personality traits, organisational climate, and administrative effectiveness. The review identifies research gaps and highlights the correlation between traits like openness to experience and conscientiousness with effective administrative practices. The article concludes with practical implications for organisations, suggesting using assessment tools to identify personality traits and organisational climate characteristics, implementing training programs to develop individual strengths, and revising organisational policies to create a culture that values diverse personality traits and promotes employee well-being.

Rule of Law and Democratic Decline During States of Emergency – The Case of the Czech Republic

Purpose: This paper analyses the impact of the state of emergency declared during the Covid-19 pandemic on public administration, specifically focusing on the Czech Republic. It aims to understand the correlation between the rule of law, the legitimacy of measures taken during the pandemic, and the public’s willingness to comply with these measures.Design/Methodology/Approach: The paper employs a comparative study design, examining the consistency of pandemic measures with the core principles of the rule of law – legality, proportionality, and legitimate expectations. The study focuses on measures that restrict rights (e.g., right to education) and those that, conversely, grant rights (e.g., decisions on compensation bonuses). The methodology involves an analysis of the relevant case law, administrative practice, and data from several databases.Findings: The study reveals frequent breaches of legality and proportionality, both in the restriction and granting of rights. Findings indicate that the public’s willingness to comply with measures decreased when these were perceived as illegitimate. This was evident in the Czech Republic where, despite the persistence of most measures, the situation worsened during the autumn 2020 and spring 2021 waves of the pandemic.Practical Implications: The findings of this study have significant implications for public administration and policymaking, especially during times of crisis and declared state of emergency. The results highlight the importance of maintaining the rule of law and ensuring the legitimacy of public compliance measures. The study suggests that disregard for these principles can lead to a decline in public trust and cooperation, exacerbating the crisis.Originality/Value: This paper provides a unique perspective on the management of the Covid-19 pandemic, linking the rule of law with public compliance. It offers valuable insights for governments and policymakers on the importance of maintaining legality and proportionality in their measures, and the potential consequences of their disregard. What sets this study apart is its comprehensive analysis of both cases where rights were reduced (such as limitations of the right to education) and cases where rights were provided (such as the granting of compensation bonuses). This dual-focused approach offers a more holistic view of the impact of governmental measures during the pandemic. The study’s findings contribute to the broader understanding of crisis management and the role of public administration. This comprehensive approach enhances the originality and value of the research, making it a significant contribution to the field.

Ethical Considerations of Online Mystification and Fake News: Good Practices in the Context of the Bulgarian Political Adviser’s Role

The paper explores the functions and responsibilities of the political advisor in the context of the global problem of fake news and post-truth. Based on this exploration, certain conclusions are drawn about the critical specifics of the political advisor's role in transferring good practices within public administration. These practices involve creating mechanisms for detecting fake news and tools for their revelation. The main aim of the paper is to examine the political advisor's position as an institution that, on one hand, manages the flow of information and, on the other hand, facilitates the transfer of good practices in public administration.

Nurses' and Nursing Assistants' Experiences With Teleconsultation in Small Rural Long-Term Care Facilities: Semistructured Interview Pilot Study.

In Quebec, the shortage of nurses during night shifts compromises the safety and quality of resident care, particularly in small residential and long-term care centers ("Centres d'hébergement et de soins de longue durée"; CHSLDs) located in rural areas. The need to ensure the continuous presence of nurses 24 hours a day in CHSLDs has become more pressing, forcing some facilities to implement exceptional measures such as on-call telephone services to ensure access to a nurse. In light of these challenging circumstances, the Direction nationale des soins et des services infirmiers of Quebec's Ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux has rolled out a teleconsultation pilot project. This study aims to explore nurses' and nursing assistants' experience of integrating teleconsultation during night shifts in rural CHSLDs with ≤50 residents. The 6-month pilot project was rolled out sequentially in 3 rural CHSLDs located in 2 administrative regions of Quebec between July 2022 and March 2023. A total of 18 semistructured interviews were conducted with 9 nurses and nursing assistants between February and July 2023. Participants' experiences revealed that teleconsultation provided significant added value by improving clinical, administrative, and organizational practices. Some practices remained unchanged, indicating stable workflows. Workflow optimization through an expanded scope of practice ensured efficient and safe continuity of care. Enhanced collaboration between nurses and nursing assistants led to improved care coordination and communication. The leadership played a significant role in clarifying professionals' roles and in supporting effective adaptation to teleconsultation. This pilot project represents a significant step forward in improving care for CHSLD residents in Quebec. Teleconsultation not only makes it possible to overcome recruitment challenges and ensure the continuous presence of nurses during night shifts but also optimizes professional practices while ensuring the safety and quality of care provided to residents.

Sustaining Metro Manila: Management Practices for Peak Performance

The research study investigated the management practices of selected cities in Metro Manila through the specified sub-problems as stated in the study, such as the demographic profile, assessment of management practices, and determination of the significant differences in the assessment of the respondents on the variables mentioned in the research paper. This study was carried out to evaluate and analyze the existing management practices in selected cities of Metro Manila across various dimensions such as planning, human resources, financial management, administration, and monitoring and evaluation, to gather insights from different stakeholders including city administrators, employees, and community members regarding their perceptions and assessments of the management practices in their respective cities, to develop a set of actionable sustainability measures and to assess the proposed sustainability measures for their suitability, acceptability, and feasibility among stakeholders. The paper utilized the descriptive method, and the respondents were the employees and administrators of the selected cities of Metro Manila. Slovin’s formula was used to determine the number of respondents. For each group of respondents, various non-random and random sampling procedures were used, such as Purposive and Simple random techniques. The Frequency Distribution, Percentage formula, Weighted mean and Anova were employed to identify the level of perception of the respondents as shown in the verbal interpretations of the Likert scale survey questionnaire as well as the significant difference in the assessment of the group of respondents on the variables presented in the study. The results or findings of the study manifested the excellent and Very Good ratings in the most variables exhibited in the study. In terms of significant differences in the Suitability, Acceptability and Feasibility, the results showed that there is no significant difference in the responses, but there is a significant difference in the respondents’ perceptions on the Acceptability and Feasibility of the proposed sustainability program. In conclusion, management practices across selected cities in Metro Manila exhibit consistent excellence across various critical areas. Planning, human resource management, financial management, administration, and monitoring and evaluation practices all received outstanding ratings, reflecting effective leadership, strategic oversight, and robust operational frameworks. Administrators demonstrated strong performance across these domains, supported by positive feedback from stakeholders and employees, highlighting broad alignment and support for inclusive and sustainable urban development strategies.

Knowledge, attitudes and practices of administration of intravenous antimicrobial medicines among intensive care nurses: A descriptive cross-sectional study

Background. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) has become integral to healthcare. In the case of antimicrobial medicines, nurses are responsible for preparing medication, and ensuring its correct and safe administration. Objective. To describe intensive care nurses’ knowledge, attitudes and practices of intravenous antimicrobial infusion administration in the context of access to AMS teaching. Method. Convenience sampling was conducted of all 161 bedside nurses working in three general intensive care units. The nursing unit manager from each unit was requested to provide information detailing unit demographics and AMS activity within the unit (e.g. existence of AMS; nurse inclusion on the AMS team; frequency of AMS rounds; availability of AMS policies, protocols or guidelines; and training on the administration of intravenous antimicrobial medicines). Results. Intensive care nursing management reported cessation of AMS programmes in all three units during COVID-19, with minimal activity in one intensive care unit even before the onset of the pandemic. Responses from bedside nurses emphasised the unavailability of in-service AMS teaching in the units (46.4%). Questions on antibiotic groups scored poorly (55.7%). Respondents (63.8%) indicated that the hospital intravenous antibiotic policy was useful but 21.7% reported that they had never seen this policy in their unit. Opportunities for training on intravenous administration of antimicrobial medications were provided on induction to the hospital (14.5%), or in-service (30.4%) by the clinical facilitators (34.8%), or by doctors (24.6%). Fifty-one percent of respondents reported administering antibiotics through a dedicated antibiotic infusion line. Forty-five percent of respondents used a non-dedicated line, and 56.5% of respondents flushed the line between doses. Conclusion. Results suggest inadequate training. This, coupled with the evident poor access to policies and protocols, may adversely affect nurse knowledge of principles to prevent antimicrobial resistance.

Unveiling Discriminatory Structures Against Social Minorities: An Examination of Some Governmental Structures of Discrimination and Abatement in the United States

This paper examines the enduring structures that sustain discrimination in the US. It analyzes historical precedents, contemporary practices, and efforts toward its elimination. It begins by exploring legislative frameworks and highlights how policies such as the War on Drugs and immigration acts have disproportionately negatively targeted marginalized populations. It discusses how administrative practices, including law enforcement tactics and implicit bias, perpetuate differentially unequal treatment of people by categories within the criminal justice system. The study discusses how judicial precedents, notably the Supreme Court decisions, have also reinforced discriminatory structures, and how interpretations of civil rights laws have shaped policies affecting marginalized populations. Despite formal structures to combat it, persistent bias, institutionalized barriers, and power dynamics perpetuate discrimination. Lastly, the study examines how efforts towards the elimination of discriminatory structures have included legislative reforms aimed at addressing systemic disparities, affirmative action programs, and diversity and inclusion policies. The understanding of the intersectionality of multiple factors of discrimination is analyzed to be crucial in understanding the complexities of discrimination, as individuals experience multiple layers of oppression based on intersecting social identities.

Collective Property in the Modern State: Émile de Laveleye’s Primitive Property in its Global Context

Abstract The article discusses normative approaches to the commons and argues that similar perspectives emerged in the late nineteenth century, closely linked to claims of social and ecological justice. It posits its subject in the framework of nineteenth-century territorialization, more precisely the exercise of state power as a convergence of normative representations of the space and legislative and administrative practices. Analyzing the theoretical and political dimensions of a representative scholarly work, titled De la propriété et de ses forms primitives by the Belgian professor Émile de Laveleye (1822–1892), it formulates the thesis that Laveleye’s book is indicative of the renegotiation of the status of collective property in land as state territory. The article shows first how the book was shaping a universalist model of common land ownership by waving together European and colonial debates on the topic. Second, by following the English and German translations of the book, it shows how this model was linked to transnational agendas of social politics and land reform. These two aspects draw attention to the crucial role of the state as a historical and present stakeholder in shaping the status of commons as territories.