Practical Video Research Articles

МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ КЛІНІЧНИХ СИТУАЦІЙ – СТАНДАРТ ПРОГРАМИ СИМУЛЯЦІЙНОГО НАВЧАННЯ ЛІКАРІВ НА КАФЕДРІ НЕОНАТОЛОГІІ

Мета роботи – підвищити ефективність навчання лікарів за програмою первинної реанімації новонароджених шляхом моделювання клінічних ситуацій при набутті компетентності спеціалістів закладу родопомочі працювати в командах, акцентувати увагу на важливості симуляційного навчання дорослих для оволодіння алгоритмами надання дихальної підтримки та реанімаційної допомоги новонародженим в пологовій залі.Основна частина. У статті розглядаються сучасні принципи та методика симуляційного навчання лікарів шляхом моделювання клінічних ситуацій та відповідне матеріальне і методичне забезпечення виконання практичних навиків первинної реанімації новонароджених згідно з вимогами LICOR 2015 р.Проведені анкетування та оцінка результатів пре-тесту 200 слухачів та аналіз літературних джерел і власного досвіду роботи за методикою симуляційного навчання з використанням контрольних листів виконання практичних навичок і відеоспостереження.Методика симуляційного навчання значно розширила можливості навчального процесу та показала її ефективність у перинатальних центрах, але в пологових будинках регіону спеціалісти ще не охоплені необхідним рівнем навчання і показують гірші результати роботи по забезпеченню дихальної підтримки та реанімації новонароджених.На кафедрі неонатології ХМАПО проведена оцінка причин недостатньої ефективності навчання та роботи спеціалістів закладів родопомочі та змінена методика навчання. Використано педагогічне проектування кожної теми з моделювання клінічних ситуацій при симуляційному навчанні та набутті лікарями компетентності надання дихальної підтримки та реанімаційної допомоги, особливо недоношеним дітям, за алгоритмами LICOR 2015 року. Висновки. Досвід застосування моделювання клінічних ситуацій при симуляційному навчанні спеціалістів безпосередньо в закладах родопомочі дозволив підвищити ефективність навчального процесу і покращити показники роботи пологових будинків. Слухачі мають змогу отримати не лише теоретичну підготовку, а й в обов’язковому порядку оволодіти необхідними практичними навичками і вмінням роботи, що сприяє поліпшенню розуміння та засвоєння матеріалу, набуття професійної компетентності виконати вимоги LICOR 2015 року та протоколу МОЗ України Початкова, реанімаційна і післяреанімаційна допомога новонародженим в Україні 2014 року.

Multiple face tracking and recognition with identity-specific localized metric learning

While face recognition has been intensively studied in the literature, there are only a few attempts on visual recognition of multiple faces simultaneously in videos, which has potential applications in practical video surveillance. In this paper, we address the problem of visual recognition and tracking of multiple faces in real-world videos involving large pose variation and occlusion. Instead of recognizing individual face independently, we introduce the constraints of inter-frame temporal smoothness and within-frame identity exclusivity on multiple faces in videos, and model the tasks of multiple face recognition (MFR) and multiple face tracking (MFT) jointly in an alternative optimization framework. We show this joint formulation for two different tasks leads to significantly improved MFR accuracy. Specifically, as appearance matching for face instances over consecutive frames plays a critical role in MFT, we propose an identity-specific metric learning method with a part-based object representation to learn a localized transformation for each face subject in an online manner, under which face instances of the same subject over consecutive frames are pulled as close as possible, while those of different subjects are pushed far away. Empirically, we evaluate our method on several MFR sequences against baselines, and the results demonstrate that our method can achieve improved accuracy performance in various challenging recognition scenarios.

Robust Online Matrix Factorization for Dynamic Background Subtraction.

We propose an effective online background subtraction method, which can be robustly applied to practical videos that have variations in both foreground and background. Different from previous methods which often model the foreground as Gaussian or Laplacian distributions, we model the foreground for each frame with a specific mixture of Gaussians (MoG) distribution, which is updated online frame by frame. Particularly, our MoG model in each frame is regularized by the learned foreground/background knowledge in previous frames. This makes our online MoG model highly robust, stable and adaptive to practical foreground and background variations. The proposed model can be formulated as a concise probabilistic MAP model, which can be readily solved by EM algorithm. We further embed an affine transformation operator into the proposed model, which can be automatically adjusted to fit a wide range of video background transformations and make the method more robust to camera movements. With using the sub-sampling technique, the proposed method can be accelerated to execute more than 250 frames per second on average, meeting the requirement of real-time background subtraction for practical video processing tasks. The superiority of the proposed method is substantiated by extensive experiments implemented on synthetic and real videos, as compared with state-of-the-art online and offline background subtraction methods.

The Use of a Category Observation System for Analyzing Videos of Group Practice: Analysis of 30 Hours of Video of Family and Group Sessions

This article describes the development, testing, and implementation of a category observation system for the analysis of videotapes of practice with individuals, families, and groups. The article illustrates how a category observation system can be used to conduct a detailed computer analysis of the interaction between the group leader and the group members (the authority theme) and the interactions between members (the intimacy theme). Videotapes of 30 group sessions led by 11 professionally trained practitioners were rated with 1 of 13 entries every 3 seconds. This yielded 58,675 discrete observations of 60 hours of group. In addition, 32 hours of individual counseling were also included in the sample totaling 99,500 discrete observations.

Comparison of Text Messages Versus E-mail When Communicating and Querying With Mothers About Safe Infant Sleep

ObjectiveTo assess how mothers' choice of e-mail or text messages (SMS) to receive safe sleep communications is associated with educational video viewing and responses to care practice queries. MethodsSeven hundred ninety-two new mothers received safe sleep-related communications for 60 days after newborn hospital discharge as part of a trial of health education interventions on infant care practices. Mothers chose e-mail or SMS for study communications and were sent 22 short safe sleep videos and 41 queries regarding infant care practices. ResultsStudy communications via e-mail were elected by 55.7% of participants. The SMS group had a modestly higher overall view rate of videos (59.1% vs 54.4%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07–1.81) and a substantially higher response rate to queries (70.0% vs 45.2%; aOR, 3.48; 95% CI, 2.74–4.43). ConclusionsParticipants more commonly opted to receive infant care practice videos and queries via e-mail. SMS was associated with higher viewing and response rates, especially for query responses. These results highlight the importance of understanding how specific modalities of communication might vary in reach.

Mama’s Turn: A mother’s musical journey

The purpose of this narrative inquiry was to document the musical journey of Sarah, a young mother taking piano lessons. The research questions explored how Sarah’s journey influenced her young children’s musical expressions, their expressed desires to participate in music outside of their current experiences, and Sarah’s experience of musical parenting. Data for this study included Sarah’s lesson notes, iPhone videos of piano practice and family interactions, emails related to the project, and interview transcripts from five interviews spanning 15 months and an additional interview over two years later. In addition, Sarah wrote a 3000-word reflection in which she identified three principles from her piano lessons that she applied to other areas of her life: “focus and attention, small and do-able, and quality over quantity.” We explore the interpersonal dynamics created by Sarah’s becoming the music learner in the family, the tension between enjoyment and guilt of a leisure pursuit, as well as her application of the principles.

'Asking the hard questions': Improving midwifery students' confidence with domestic violence screening in pregnancy.

Domestic violence is a global public health issue. Midwives are ideally placed to screen for, and respond to, disclosure of domestic violence. Qualified midwives and midwifery students report a lack of preparedness and low levels of confidence in working with women who disclose domestic violence. This paper reports the findings from an education intervention designed to increase midwifery students' confidence in working with pregnant women who disclose domestic violence. An authentic practice video and associated interactive workshop was developed to bring the 'woman' into the classroom and to provide role-modelling of exemplary midwifery practice in screening for and responding to disclosure of domestic violence. The findings demonstrated that students' confidence increased in a number of target areas, such as responding appropriately to disclosure and assisting women with access to support. Students' confidence increased in areas where responses needed to be individualised as opposed to being able to be scripted. Students appreciated visual demonstration (video of authentic practice) and having the opportunity to practise responding to disclosures through experiential learning. Given the general lack of confidence reported by both midwives and students of midwifery in this area of practice, this strategy may be useful in supporting midwives, students and other health professionals in increasing confidence in working with women who are experiencing domestic violence.

ВИКОРИСТАННЯ НАВЧАЛЬНИХ ВІДЕОФІЛЬМІВ У ЯКОСТІ ВІДЕОКЕЙСІВ ПРИ ПІДГОТОВЦІ ІНОЗЕМНИХ СТУДЕНТІВ З ДИСЦИПЛІНИ “ПСІХІАТРІЯ.НАРКОЛОГІЯ”

Мета дослідження – знайти шляхи вирішення виявлених основних проблем при навчанні студентів, зокрема іноземних, за допомогою відеокейсів.Матеріали та методи дослідження. Дослідження базується на вивченні матеріалів, отриманих із відкритих джерел інформації, та використанні навчальних відеофільмів, створених на кафедрі психіатрії, загальної та медичної психології ДЗ “Дніпропетровська медична академія МОЗ України”.Результати й обговорення. Наводиться досвід практичного використання навчальних відеофільмів, в якості відеокейсів, запропоновано примірну структуру заняття. Обговорюються результати використання навчальних фільмів у якості відеокейсів.Висновки. Використання навчального відеофільму “Оцінка психічного статусу” в якості відеокейсу поліпшує якість навчання студентів та формує заплановані навчальною програмою компетенції з дисципліни “Психіатрія. Наркологія”.

Building a Global, Online Community of Practice: The OPENPediatrics World Shared Practices Video Series.

Health care professionals are familiar with engaging in local communities of practice (CoPs) within their hospital, region, and/or country, but despite the availability of online technologies that facilitate online global collaboration, the health care sector has yet to fully embrace these tools. In 2013, OPENPediatrics (an online social learning platform) launched the World Shared Practices video (WSP) series to engage and coalesce the global community of critical care clinicians. Each month, a 30- to 45-minute video featuring a pediatric critical care medicine expert, interspersed with questions for the audience, is released. Viewers contribute to the community discussion by leaving comments that display alongside the video. Clinicians are encouraged to asynchronously host an educational conference so they can watch the videos and participate in the discussion together. From March 2013-November 2015, 28 WSPs were launched on a variety of topics. They were viewed over 18,414 times by 1,864 viewers in 132 countries and 760 hospitals; 1,155 comments were submitted. Attending physicians/consultants were the largest audience (36% [671/1,864]), and 37% (30/81) of responding viewers that commented in WSPs watched in small groups. The WSP series was reported to add value to respondents' learning or teaching and to have had a positive impact on their knowledge or practice. Future research will focus on further describing the context and structure of the CoP and on more deeply investigating its higher-level outcomes and impact. More work is needed to identify barriers and strategies that improve online community engagement.

Educational Innovation for Teaching and Learning of Chemistry in the Degree of Civil Engineering

There is a concern among professionals and teachers of scientific and technological Degrees for the lack of vocations for this type of study. In order to mitigate this problem to some extent, Technical University of Madrid (UPM) and some Educational Innovation Groups, formed by Chemistry teachers, have been worked for some years on the organization of several activities to promote the relation among different educational levels, mainly early High School and University. On the other hand, different teaching materials have been developed in order to encourage the motivation and ease the learning of the basic subjects of the first-year of university studies by the students of UPM, with tools or resources such as Punto de Inicio, OpenCourseWare (OCW), Puesta a Punto, at an institutional level. Furthermore, some Educational Innovation Groups have created audiovisual materials (lab practice videos) and virtual lab practices for the learning of Chemistry, as well as games such as Math-Trivial, Physic-Trivial, Drawing-Trivial and Chemical-Trivial. These tools are available on the Internet, as free access web spaces.

Digital literacy and online video: Undergraduate students’ use of online video for coursework

This paper investigates how to enable undergraduate students' use of online video for coursework using a customised video retrieval system (VRS), in order to understand digital literacy with online video in practice. This study examines the key areas influencing the use of online video for assignments such as the learning value of video, strategies for its integration and the key features of online video systems. A key component of the integration process is video browsing and content retrieval which focuses on enabling users to locate and view relevant segments of video, using techniques such as content based analysis and video segmentation. This paper examines how students source, integrate, and reference online video for assignment work. Findings show that students display key elements of digital literacy with online video when the appropriate tools and strategies to complete tasks are provided. Students demonstrated the ability to successfully integrate online video into individual assignments. The work also presents a series of recommendations and considerations for enabling the use of online video in assignment work.

Robust Video Watermarking against Noise and frame Attacks Using Wavelet Transforms and Singular Value Decomposition

Watermarking is utilized to conceal information in electronic media like photographs, propelled music, computerized element. Robust video watermarking is fundamentally used to sign copyright data of the computerized works, the inserted watermark can resist the basic edit processing, image processing and lossy compression, and the watermark is not crushed after some attack and can still be recognized to give authentication12. It resists different attacks, geometrical or non-geometrical without influencing embedded watermark. This paper discuss an algorithm to perform robust video watermarking using the concept of wavelet transforms and singular value decompositions. A performance analysis of PSNR is done for with and without attacks of the practical output video frame.

Managing knee osteoarthritis with yoga or aerobic/strengthening exercise programs in older adults: a pilot randomized controlled trial.

Although exercise is often recommended for managing osteoarthritis (OA), limited evidence-based exercise options are available for older adults with OA. This study compared the effects of Hatha yoga (HY) and aerobic/strengthening exercises (ASE) on knee OA. Randomized controlled trial with three arms design was used: HY, ASE, and education control. Both HY and ASE groups involved 8 weekly 45-min group classes with 2-4days/week home practice sessions. Control group received OA education brochures and weekly phone calls from study staff. Standardized instruments were used to measure OA symptoms, physical function, mood, spiritual health, fear of falling, and quality of life at baseline, 4 and 8weeks. HY/ASE adherences were assessed weekly using class attendance records and home practice video recordings. Primary analysis of the difference in the change from baseline was based on intent-to-treat and adjusted for baseline values. Eight-three adults with symptomatic knee OA completed the study (84% female; mean age 71.6±8.0years; mean BMI 29.0±7.0kg/m2). Retention rate was 82%. Compared to the ASE group at 8weeks, participants in the HY group had a significant improvement from baseline in perception of OA symptoms (-9.6 [95% CI -15.3, -4]; p=.001), anxiety (-1.4 [95% CI -2.7, -0]; p=.04), and fear of falling (-4.6 [-7.5, -1.7]; p=.002). There were no differences in class/home practice adherence between HY and ASE. Three non-serious adverse events were reported from the ASE group. Both HY and ASE improved symptoms and function but HY may have superior benefits for older adults with knee OA. Trial registration The full trial protocol is available at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02525341).

UTILIZATION OF MULTIMEDIA TO IMPROVE PIT FISSURE SEALANT PRACTICAL SKILL AMONG STUDENTS IN DENTAL NURSING, YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA

Background: With an increasing demand of high quality of health services, challenges are addressed to all health providers to improve their skills in providing services to clients. Given that preventive dentistry clinical practice has not been satisfying, providing media as students’ guidelines is necessary.
 Objective: The study aims to explain the influence of multimedia use in order to improve Pit Fissure Sealant (PFS) practical skills of dental nursing students.
 Methods: It was a quasi-experimental study with pretest and post-test control group design. Population of the study was selected from dental nursing students in Yogyakarta. A hundred sample was drawn purposively from the population and distributed equally to two groups. The first group was exposed by PFS practice video whilst the second group as control was exposed only by the guidebook.
 Results: Initially, students in the control group have better PFS practical score compared to their counterpart in the treatment group. Nevertheless, after the exposure of different media, students in the treatment group demonstrated a better post-test score on their PFS practical skills. The statistical analysis certifies that there was a significant difference in the mean score of PFS practical skills of the students before and after the treatment.
 Conclusion: Video as a new media is able to improve the students’ motivation in learning than any traditional media such as books. It should be noted however, both printed media (guidebooks) and video only provides one-way communication. Therefore, designing an interactive media using video, which the user can be the sender, not only the receiver, can be considered for further research.

Video Object Discovery and Co-Segmentation with Extremely Weak Supervision.

We present a spatio-temporal energy minimization formulation for simultaneous video object discovery and co-segmentation across multiple videos containing irrelevant frames. Our approach overcomes a limitation that most existing video co-segmentation methods possess, i.e., they perform poorly when dealing with practical videos in which the target objects are not present in many frames. Our formulation incorporates a spatio-temporal auto-context model, which is combined with appearance modeling for superpixel labeling. The superpixel-level labels are propagated to the frame level through a multiple instance boosting algorithm with spatial reasoning, based on which frames containing the target object are identified. Our method only needs to be bootstrapped with the frame-level labels for a few video frames (e.g., usually 1 to 3) to indicate if they contain the target objects or not. Extensive experiments on four datasets validate the efficacy of our proposed method: 1) object segmentation from a single video on the SegTrack dataset, 2) object co-segmentation from multiple videos on a video co-segmentation dataset, and 3) joint object discovery and co-segmentation from multiple videos containing irrelevant frames on the MOViCS dataset and XJTU-Stevens, a new dataset that we introduce in this paper. The proposed method compares favorably with the state-of-the-art in all of these experiments.

An Intelligent Traffic Engineering Method over Software Defined Networks for Video Surveillance Systems Based on Artificial Bee Colony

In applications such as video surveillance systems, cameras transmit video data streams through network in which quality of received video should be assured. Traditional IP based networks cannot guarantee the required Quality of Service (QoS) for such applications. Nowadays, Software Defined Network (SDN) is a popular technology, which assists network management using computer programs. In this paper, a new SDN-based video surveillance system infrastructure is proposed to apply desire traffic engineering for practical video surveillance applications. To keep the quality of received videos adaptively, usually Constraint Shortest Path (CSP) problem is used which is a NP-complete problem. Hence, heuristic algorithms are suitable candidate for solving such problem. This paper models streaming video data on a surveillance system as a CSP problem, and proposes an artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm to find optimal solution to manage the network adaptively and guarantee the required QoS. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of QoS metrics.

A Novel Design and Modeling of UEP-Based Compressed Video Broadcasting With Multilevel Coded Modulation

A novel coded modulation system design that maximizes the average quality of multimedia data, received by a given set of target users, is proposed for compressed video broadcasting based on unequal error protection. An integrated source and channel coding system with graceful degradation is introduced, where the multilevel coded modulation (MLC) with capacity-approaching codes is combined with an existing source compression technique. By assigning critical information that is required for decoding compressed data to the levels of MLC with higher reliability, we demonstrate that graceful degradation can be naturally incorporated into practical video broadcasting systems. Furthermore, a new measure of achievable average receiver quality, i.e., the quality of the received videos averaged over the users located within the coverage area of a given broadcasting service, is introduced. Based on the proposed measure, an optimal rate allocation algorithm for MLC, utilizing the code rate design based on channel capacity rule, is developed. In the case of MPEG-4 video coding, our numerical results reveal that a well-designed MLC system can achieve higher average quality experienced by target users than the conventional coded modulation as well as hierarchical modulation systems for a given coverage area.

Stable and salient patch‐based appearance model for robust object tracking

As a classic appearance modelling method in object tracking, patch-based approach is believed to own natural superiority in handling local occlusion to its divide-and-conquer philosophy. However, in facing of more severe application conditions, such as heavy occlusion, part deformation and illumination change, traditional patch-based method may also fail due to the lack of sufficient matching patches. To address this problem, temporal stability as well as spatial salience to collaboratively improve patch selection and update schemes, resulting in a robust tracking algorithm for more challenging scenarios are proposed. Both quantitative and qualitative experiments conducted on practical video sequences demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Drill-specific head impact exposure in youth football practice.

OBJECTIVE Although 70% of football players in the United States are youth players (6-14 years old), most research on head impacts in football has focused on high school, collegiate, or professional populations. The objective of this study was to identify the specific activities associated with high-magnitude (acceleration > 40g) head impacts in youth football practices. METHODS A total of 34 players (mean age 9.9 ± 0.6 years) on 2 youth teams were equipped with helmet-mounted accelerometer arrays that recorded head accelerations associated with impacts in practices and games. Videos of practices and games were used to verify all head impacts and identify specific drills associated with each head impact. RESULTS A total of 6813 impacts were recorded, of which 408 had accelerations exceeding 40g (6.0%). For each type of practice drill, impact rates were computed that accounted for the length of time that teams spent on each drill. The tackling drill King of the Circle had the highest impact rate (95% CI 25.6-68.3 impacts/hr). Impact rates for tackling drills (those conducted without a blocker [95% CI 14.7-21.9 impacts/hr] and those with a blocker [95% CI 10.5-23.1 impacts/hr]) did not differ from game impact rates (95% CI 14.2-21.6 impacts/hr). Tackling drills were observed to have a greater proportion (between 40% and 50%) of impacts exceeding 60g than games (25%). The teams in this study participated in tackling or blocking drills for only 22% of their overall practice times, but these drills were responsible for 86% of all practice impacts exceeding 40g. CONCLUSIONS In youth football, high-magnitude impacts occur more often in practices than games, and some practice drills are associated with higher impact rates and accelerations than others. To mitigate high-magnitude head impact exposure in youth football, practices should be modified to decrease the time spent in drills with high impact rates, potentially eliminating a drill such as King of the Circle altogether.

“Life-Steps” for PrEP Adherence: Demonstration of a CBT-Based Intervention to Increase Adherence to Preexposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Medication Among Sexual-Minority Men at High Risk for HIV Acquisition

One dramatic advance in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention efforts has been the prescription of medications typically used for HIV treatment as prophylaxis against acquiring HIV. As a preventative agent, this practice is referred to as “preexposure prophylaxis” (PrEP). The U.S. Federal Drug Administration approved daily PrEP for adults at risk for HIV who do not consistently use condoms during sex with HIV-infected or unknown-status partners. In this paper, we describe a cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) PrEP adherence intervention developed for use in high-risk sexual-minority men in the United States, adapted from “Life-Steps,” an evidence-based CBT intervention to promote adherence to HIV treatment. Modules include creating a PrEP dosing schedule, adhering to daily PrEP, problem solving barriers to adherence, and sexual risk-reduction techniques. Supplemented with practical video vignettes, this novel intervention may help to enhance the clinical practice of health care providers in outpatient settings to increase PrEP adherence in sexual-minority men.