Practice Sessions Research Articles

PELATIHAN ECOPRINT SEBAGAI BENTUK PEMANFAATAN BAHAN ALAMI KEPADA IBU-IBU PKK DESA MABUAN

Ecoprint Training is a non-formal educational program that aims to introduce natural printing techniques using organic materials from the environment. The training is designed to enable participants to develop their artistic skills while appreciating the biodiversity and abundance of natural resources that surround us. Training materials include an in-depth understanding of the types of plants, leaves, and other natural materials that can be used in the ecoprint process. Participants will learn about material preparation techniques, such as natural pigment extraction and fabric preparation. In addition, they will be given practical guidance in applying designs and creating unique motifs through natural printing techniques. During the training, there will be hands-on practice sessions where participants will practice the techniques they learned under the guidance of expert instructors. Participants will also be given the opportunity to experiment with combinations of natural materials and printing methods to create unique and personalized results. The purpose of this training is to enable participants to produce original and aesthetically pleasing ecoprint artworks. In addition, the program also aims to raise awareness of the importance of nature conservation and promote the use of natural materials as an environmentally friendly alternative. Through Ecoprint Training, it is expected that participants will acquire adequate knowledge and skills to continue the practice of natural printing independently. In addition, it is also expected that participants will bring home the spirit to maintain and preserve natural beauty and apply ecoprint principles in their daily lives.

A First Exploration on the Use of Head-Mounted Augmented Reality in the Context of the Portuguese Military

In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a first iteration of an augmented reality (AR) system for dismounted soldiers in the Portuguese military. We started the work via a survey of 86 members of the military to better understand their experience, needs, and preferences with current Command & Control (C2) systems. We then assessed the effects of our prototype on the performance, situational awareness, and perceived usability and workload of 13 participants from a local Commando Regiment. We compared our results to a representative baseline using a paper map and radio in a hostage extraction simulation and found that our first AR iteration, despite a short practice session, increased the quality of the information available and decreased the complexity, temporal demands, and effort required to complete the study tasks; leading to an overall decrease in perceived workload. Overall, participants described the AR experience as more user-friendly. We conclude our case study with research ideas for further iterations of our prototype.

Motor Memory Consolidation Deficits in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.

The ability to encode and consolidate motor memories is essential for persons with Parkinson's disease (PD), who usually experience a progressive loss of motor function. Deficits in memory encoding, usually expressed as poorer rates of skill improvement during motor practice, have been reported in these patients. Whether motor memory consolidation (i.e., motor skill retention) is also impaired is unknown. To determine whether motor memory consolidation is impaired in PD compared to neurologically intact individuals. We conducted a pre-registered systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42020222433) following PRISMA guidelines that included 46 studies. Meta-analyses revealed that persons with PD have deficits in retaining motor skills (SMD = -0.17; 95% CI = -0.32, -0.02; p = 0.0225). However, these deficits are task-specific, affecting sensory motor (SMD = -0.31; 95% CI -0.47, -0.15; p = 0.0002) and visuomotor adaptation (SMD = -1.55; 95% CI = -2.32, -0.79; p = 0.0001) tasks, but not sequential fine motor (SMD = 0.17; 95% CI = -0.05, 0.39; p = 0.1292) and gross motor tasks (SMD = 0.04; 95% CI = -0.25, 0.33; p = 0.7771). Importantly, deficits became non-significant when augmented feedback during practice was provided, and additional motor practice sessions reduced deficits in sensory motor tasks. Meta-regression analyses confirmed that deficits were independent of performance during encoding, as well as disease duration and severity. Our results align with the neurodegenerative models of PD progression and motor learning frameworks and emphasize the importance of developing targeted interventions to enhance motor memory consolidation in PD.

A Cost-Effective, Three-Dimensionally Printed Simulation Model Facilitates Learning of Bilobed and Banner Flaps for Mohs Nasal Reconstruction: A Pilot Study.

Flap design for Mohs reconstruction is a complex 3-dimensional process. Simulation offers trainees the chance to practice techniques safely before performing them in the operating room. To aid in teaching, the authors developed a high-fidelity, cost-effective model of the face using three-dimensional printing to simulate flap reconstruction after Mohs surgery. A model face was sculpted digitally to include skin, bone, and cartilage. Negative molds were printed and used to cast silicone, representing external skin. The cartilage and bone models were combined to create a single three-dimensionally printed base. Surgical residents practiced performing banner and bilobed flaps on the simulation model, and improvement was assessed using boards-style pretests and posttests assessing flap design on clinical photographs. Medical students were randomized to complete a similar practice session with the model or a reading on the topic, after which they completed the same assessment. Participants also completed a questionnaire about the model's didactic and monetary value. Residents showed significant improvement after use of the model (banner flap: P = 0.002, bilobed flap: P = 0.04). Medical students who used the model scored significantly higher than those assigned to train by reading ( P = 0.001). Subjective comfort with flap design and execution increased after practice with the model ( P = 0.001). The cost of materials for each model was $2.50; participants reported willingness to pay $24.36 (mean) for this tool. This accessible model was superior to traditional teaching materials for Mohs reconstruction, and aided the comfort and proficiency of trainees.

Online laboratory practices and assessment using training and learning activities as teaching methodologies adapted to remote learning. Student satisfaction and improved academic performance

This article presents new teaching methodologies implemented in subjects in the Ground Engineering Area. Specifically, it focuses on a series of activities carried out due to the appearance of the COVID-19 pandemic that resulted in restrictions on class attendance. The new teaching methodologies brought about substantial changes in the way students learn and are assessed. For the practice sessions, a series of videos were prepared so students could attend and take part in the laboratory practices remotely. As regards the final theory exam, a comprehensive multiple-choice question bank was made available to students prior to the exam to consolidate the concepts seen in the master classes, which we call training and learning. We evaluated the impact of these new methodologies, implemented during two academic years, through the analysis of voluntary and anonymous student surveys and a series of indicators related to the results of the final exams. After analyzing the impact of the new teaching methodologies, we conclude that students are positive about the video experience for laboratory practices, but only as a complementary activity to in-person laboratory sessions. The students also stated that they would like the multiple-choice question bank to continue to be available in successive academic years. Improvements in the final grades of the theory exams demonstrate the success of this new teaching methodology.

The C-CAP Process: A Comprehensive Approach to Community Resource Mapping.

Place-based systems change approaches are gaining popularity to address the complex problems associated with locational disadvantage. An important stage of place-based systems change involves understanding the context that surrounds (re)produces a target problem. Community resource mapping can be used to establish the context and identify the strengths of a community that might be leveraged through systems change efforts. Approaches to community resource mapping draw on a range of philosophical assumptions and methodological frameworks. However, comprehensive, practical guidance for researchers and practitioners to conduct community resource mapping is scarce. Drawing on the learnings from a literature review, scoping workshops, and reflective practice sessions, we developed a flexible, methodologically robust process called the Contextualize, Collect, Analyze, and Present (C-CAP) process: a four-phase approach to preparing for, conducting, and reporting on community resource mapping. The C-CAP process was co-developed by researchers and practitioners and was tested and refined in two different communities. The C-CAP process provides robust guidance for conducting and reporting on a community resource mapping project. The C-CAP process can be applied by public health practitioners and researchers and adapted for use across different communities, problems, and target groups. We encourage others guided by differing theoretical perspectives to apply C-CAP and share the learnings. Application of the C-CAP process has the potential to improve the comparability and comprehensiveness of findings from community resource mapping projects and avoids duplication of effort by reducing the need to design new processes for each new community resource mapping activity.

RoboREIT: An interactive robotic tutor with instructive feedback component for requirements elicitation interview training

AbstractInterviewing stakeholders is the most popular technique for eliciting requirements. The success of an interview depends on the interviewer's theoretical knowledge, preparedness, and communication skills. Practice interviews allow students to apply their knowledge and improve their skills through experience. This practical training is resource‐intensive, requiring the time and effort of a stakeholder for each student, which may not be feasible for a large number of students. This paper introduces RoboREIT, an interactive Robotic tutor for Requirements Elicitation Interview Training. RoboREIT addresses the scalability problem of practice sessions with a robotic tutor acting as a stakeholder during the interview and providing feedback after the interview. We performed an exploratory user study to evaluate RoboREIT and demonstrate its applicability in requirements elicitation interview training. The quantitative and qualitative analyses of the users' responses reveal the appreciation of RoboREIT. Our study is the first in the literature that utilizes a social robot in requirements elicitation interview education. RoboREIT's design incorporates replaying faulty interview stages and allows the student to learn from mistakes by a second time practicing. All participants praised the feedback component, which is not present in the state of the art, for being helpful in identifying the mistakes. A favorable response rate of 81% for the system's usefulness indicates the positive perception of the participants.

Evaluating the Science to Inform the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans Midcourse Report

Evaluating the Science to Inform the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans Midcourse Report

Canada’s Student Journal Forum: From Humble Beginnings to National Conference

Student Journal Forum began as an in-person half-day event at the University of Toronto (U of T) in 2015. It was organized by a group of librarians with the goal to connect editors of 60+ student-led U of T journals with publishing supports, best practices, and with each other. The audience’s enthusiastic engagement and the community-building power of the event prompted the librarians to offer it again the next year, and the year after. Eight years later, this local annual event has grown into a Canada-wide virtual gathering. The shift to online during the COVID-19 pandemic was a key catalyst to open the Forum to students to connect remotely, and for the event to be jointly organized by multiple libraries across Canada. The event’s offering has evolved as well, moving from librarian-led publishing best practice sessions to student-led presentations and participatory learning sessions. The most recent 2023 Forum featured an open call for proposals that let student editors share their experiences and present on topics that mattered to them. It was complemented by a half-day of publishing skill sessions presented by Canadian librarians and two panels with scholarly editors and publishing professionals. In this paper, we reflect on the evolution of the Student Journal Forum, its successes and challenges, and its role in establishing the connection between student editors across Canada and between different Canadian libraries that offer student journal publishing support.

Public speaking training in front of a supportive audience in Virtual Reality improves performance in real-life

Public speaking is a challenging task that requires practice. Virtual Reality allows to present realistic public speaking scenarios in this regard, however, the role of the virtual audience during practice remains unknown. In the present study, 73 participants completed a Virtual Reality practice session while audience was manipulated to be supportive or unsupportive or presentations were practiced without audience. Importantly, following the virtual practice, participants held the presentation during a real university course via Zoom. We measured emotional experience, self-efficacy, and the subjective evaluation of performance at baseline, after VR practice, and after the real presentation. Additionally, participants’ performance in the real presentation was evaluated by instructors (blinded to condition). Supportive in contrast to unsupportive audiences led to more positive believes about one’s own performance, while there were no changes in beliefs in the group without audience. Importantly, practice in front of a supportive compared to unsupportive audience resulted in a more positive evaluation of speaker confidence in real-life public speaking as rated by the instructors. These results demonstrate an impact of virtual social feedback during public speaking on subsequent subjective performance evaluation. This may increase self-confidence resulting in actual improved public speaking performance in real-life.

Analysis of Accumulated Workloads and Performance Testing Across a Collegiate Women's Lacrosse Season.

Fields, JB, Kuhlman, NM, Jagim, AR, Dulak-Sigler, C, and Jones, MT. Analysis of accumulated workloads and performance testing across a collegiate women's lacrosse season. J Strength Cond Res 37(11): 2213-2221, 2023-Monitoring accumulated workloads, acute:chronic workload ratios (ACWR), and training monotony (TM) are practical methods for monitoring athlete physical stress. Performance testing provides useful information about the changing nature of physical abilities. Therefore, the purpose was to examine differences in accumulated workloads based on session type, explore seasonal trends in ACWR and TM, and assess changes in performance assessments in collegiate women's lacrosse athletes. Athletes, who were identified as starters ( n = 12), wore positional monitoring technology during training sessions ( n = 61) and games ( n = 17) and completed preseason and postseason assessments of speed, agility, power (jump tests), strength, aerobic capacity, and body composition. Separate 1-way analyses of variance were used to determine differences in accumulated workloads for session type and differences in performance assessments from preseason to postseason ( p < 0.05). When compared with games, practice sessions elicited greater ( p < 0.001) accumulated total distance, player load, repeated high-intensity efforts, accelerations, change of direction, explosive efforts, high-speed efforts ( p = 0.002), and high-speed distance ( p = 0.002). Throughout the season, ACWR and TM ranged from 0.16 to 1.40 AU and 0.68-1.69 AU, respectively. The 40-yd sprint ( p < 0.001) and pro-agility ( p < 0.001) improved from preseason to postseason, whereas no changes in aerobic capacity, lower-body power, or strength were observed ( p > 0.05). The monitoring of accumulated loads, ACWR and TM, and performance tests revealed novel information about the seasonal demands of collegiate women's lacrosse. Women lacrosse players are able to improve speed and agility throughout the season, while maintaining strength, power, and endurance, with minimal reductions in fat-free mass.

Exercise health belief related to “Fit-Fun” exergame play interest, anxiety, practicing attitude, and exergaming performance

Exergaming enables players to engage in real-life games and sports by allowing them to move from one place to another. To investigate the effects of students' performance of sit-up exercises during an exergame, this study utilized the Fit-Fun exergame. In this game, the agent (a rabbit) is triggered to jump every time it receives a signal from the sensory detector embedded in the exercise belt. The game also enables players to compete against each other by performing sit-up exercises. This study focused on the relationship between emotions and performance in the exergame. It examined the connections between beliefs about exercise health, gameplay interest, competition anxiety, practicing attitude, and exergaming performance. Elementary school students aged 11–12 years old participated in this single-group quasi-experimental study. A total of 228 valid questionnaires were collected over a period of 6 weeks during a series of 6 practice sessions. The research hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling. The results revealed that exercise health belief was positively correlated with gameplay interest, but negatively correlated with competition anxiety. Additionally, practicing attitude was found to have a positive association with exergaming performance. Based on these findings, it is suggested that teachers can incorporate this exergame into synchronized competitions to motivate students to maintain their exercise routine by competing with their friends.

Perceptions of service providers, service recipients and female community health volunteers on a rural obstetric ultrasound program in rural Nepal: a qualitative study

BackgroundIn rural Nepal, where women face financial and geographic barriers in accessing ultrasound scans, the government initiated a Rural Obstetric Ultrasound Program (ROUSG) to train skilled birth attendants (SBAs) in rural birthing centers and expand access to routine ultrasound scans for local pregnant women. This study explores the perceived benefits and limitations of the training and implementation of this program.MethodsA qualitative study was conducted in 15 primary care facilities in Bhojpur and Dhading, two rural districts of Nepal. The research team conducted in-depth interviews with 15 trained SBAs and focus group discussions with 48 service recipients and 30 FCHVs to gain insight into their perceptions. All interviews and focus group discussions were recorded, reviewed, and manually coded into MS Excel.ResultsOverall, our findings indicated that the ROUSG program was very well received among all our study participants, though critical gaps were identified, mostly during the training of the SBAs. These included insufficient guidance or practice opportunities during training and the challenges of implementing the mobile obstetric ultrasound service. Most importantly, though, our results suggest that the implementation of the ROUSG program increased access to prenatal care, earlier identification and referrals for abnormal scans, as well as reduced pregnancy-related stress. There was also a notable anecdotal increase in antenatal care utilization and institutional deliveries, as well as high satisfaction in both service providers and recipients.ConclusionOur findings highlighted that while the training component could use some strengthening with increased opportunities for supervised practice sessions and periodic refresher training after the initial 21-days, the program itself had the potential to fill crucial gaps in maternal and newborn care in rural Nepal, by expanding access not only to ROUSG services but also to other MNH services such as ANC and institutional deliveries. Our findings also support the use of ultrasound in areas with limited resources as a solution to identify potential complications at earlier stages of pregnancy and improve timely referrals, indicating the potential for reducing maternal and neonatal morbidities. This initial study supports further research into the role ROUSG can play in expanding critical MNH services in underserved areas and improving broader health outcomes through earlier identification of potential obstetric complications.

Psychological pressure on athletes during matches and practices

We investigated the psychological pressure intentionally and unintentionally generated by coaches and athletes during matches and practices using semi-structured interviews with 25 participants, consisting of 14 athletes (mean age = 23.7 years, SD = 4.1, range = 19–33) and 11 coaches (mean age = 37.0 years, SD = 12.1, range = 23–56). A total of 58 psychological pressure categories were extracted through a qualitative analysis using the KJ method (Kawakita, 1967) and were classified into four situations: unintentionally generated during matches (e.g., significance of the match, changes in match situations, a sense of mission due to one's stance), intentionally generated during matches (e.g., athletes putting pressure on themselves, coaches putting pressure on players), unintentionally generated during practices (e.g., presence of coaches and senior players, not wanting to trouble teammates by one's error, high-performance expectations by others), and intentionally generated during practices (e.g., controlling training regimes, creating an environment close to a match, putting pressure on oneself). The psychological pressure intentionally generated during practice had two purposes: acclimating to match pressure and improving practice-session quality. This study's findings should help coaches and athletes develop an awareness of the numerous kinds of psychological pressure athletes can experience. They can use this knowledge to customize the psychological pressures intentionally induced during practice sessions to achieve the desired purpose (habituating players to game pressures or enhancing practice quality).

An Educational Program for Remote Training and Supervision of Home-Based Transcranial Electrical Stimulation: Feasibility and Preliminary Effectiveness

ObjectivesThere has been recent interest in the administration of transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) by a caregiver, family member, or patient themselves while in their own homes (HB-tES). The need to properly train individuals in the administration of HB-tES is essential, and the lack of a uniform training approach across studies has come to light. The primary aim of this paper is to present the HB-tES training and supervision program, a tele-supervised, instructional, and evaluation program to teach laypersons how to administer HB-tES to a participant and to provide a standardized framework for remote monitoring of participants by teaching staff. The secondary aim is to present early pilot data on the feasibility and effectiveness of the training portion of the program based on its implementation in 379 sessions between two pilot clinical trials. Materials and MethodsThe program includes instructional materials, standardized tele-supervised hands-on practice sessions, and a system for remote supervision of participants by teaching staff. Nine laypersons completed the training program. Data on the feasibility and effectiveness of the program were collected. ResultsNo adverse events were reported during the training or any of the HB-tES sessions after the training. All laypersons successfully completed the training. The nine laypersons reported being satisfied with the training program and confident in their tES administration capabilities. This was consistent with laypersons requiring technical assistance from teaching staff very infrequently during the 379 completed sessions. The average adherence rate between all administrators was >98%, with seven of nine administrators having 100% adherence to the scheduled sessions. ConclusionsThese findings indicate that the HB-tES program is effective and is associated with participant satisfaction. SignificanceWe hope that the remote nature of this training program will facilitate increased accessibility to HB-tES research for participants of different demographics and locations. This program, designed for easy adaptation to different HB-tES research applications and devices, also is accessible online. The adoption of this program is expected to facilitate uniformity of study methods among future HB-tES studies and thereby accelerate the pace of tES intervention discovery.

The impact of mindfulness training for nurses in lowering stress and enhancing well-being

Objective: this study aimed to determine that a short Mindfulness-Based (MB) training program could assist critical care nurses feel lowering stress and being more in control of their enhancing well-being (WB).Method: to assess the program's efficacy, a design consisting of a pre-post study with a single group and a quasi-experimental approach was used. This study was conducted in Malaysia at a tertiary referrals facility. The initiative included 40 nurses in critical care that volunteered as a part of a non-probability sample. With at least 79 % attendance, 36 people finished the course.Results: the process is a condensed form of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (b-MBCT), known locally as Mindful-Gym. The b-MBCT is a five-week based on groups course that meets once a week for two hours and includes practice sessions in between. It was distributed as a component of the hospital's ongoing training for nursing staff. The outcomes associated with stress were evaluated using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS). In requisites of the results of one's state of WB, the Mindfulness Attention and Awareness Scale and the Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS) were used.Conclusion: participants said that their perception of stress had significantly decreased after finishing the session (PSS: q &lt; 0,001; s = 0,40), anxiety (DASS-B: q &lt; 0,001; s =0,33), stress (DASS-T: q = 0,001; e = 0,53), depression (DASS-E: q &lt; 0,001; s = 0,35), and happiness (SHS: q = 0,026; e = 0,53), having an impact magnitude ranging from mild to significant. The findings provide credence to the efficacy of b-MBCT in lowering stress and enhancing WB with nurses working in critical care settings

Head Impact Exposure in Female Collegiate Soccer by Activity Type

Soccer, one of the most popular sports in the world, has one of the highest rates of sports-related concussions. Additionally, soccer players are frequently exposed to nonconcussive impacts from intentionally heading the ball, a fundamental component of the sport. There have been many studies on head impact exposure in soccer, but few focus on soccer practices or practice activities. This study aimed to characterize the frequency and magnitude of head impacts in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I female soccer practice activities using a custom-fit instrumented mouthpiece. Sixteen players were instrumented over the course of 54 practice sessions. Video analysis was performed to verify all mouthpiece-recorded events and classify practice activities. Category groupings of practice activities include technical training, team interaction, set pieces, position-specific, and other. Differences in head impact rates and peak resultant kinematics were observed across activity types and category groupings. Technical training had the highest impact rate compared to other category groupings. Impacts occurring during set piece activities had the highest mean kinematic values. Understanding drill exposure can help inform coaches on training plans aimed to reduce head impact exposure for their athletes.

Compensatory exercises as flatfoot prevention in Teamgym

The topic of this article is the issue of flat feet and the effect of compensatory exercises in TeamGym gymnasts. The aim of our study was to investigate and document the effect of specific compensatory exercises on the flatfoot condition in five selected gymnasts competing in TeamGym. The research questions were based on our practical observations and practice sessions with TeamGym gymnasts. Foot arch examination methods were used for the research part. Each athlete underwent initial testing, which included a standing examination, and each proband had her foot imprinted using Footdisc and Podoscope devices, all documented by taking photographs which were compared and evaluated before and after the intervention exercise. The results of the initial examination confirmed a flat foot and uneven foot loading in all gymnasts. Subsequently, interventional compensatory exercise was performed and lasted for three months. Exit examination showed that after regular compensatory exercise, most probands showed some improvement in flat foot loading.&#x0D; This work suggests that compensatory exercise should be incorporated into routine training to have a preventive effect on the undesirable development of flatfoot.

AN ACTION RESEARCH ON MANAGING AND DIRECTING DRAMA IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS AND BLENDING THE POSTCOLONIAL FEMINIST DRAMA

This paper focusses on the difficulties in the production of a live drama in an educational institution from auditioning the actors to seamless performance on stage. The actors were chosen from students of literature doing their undergraduate and postgraduate studies. A postcolonial drama, The Lion and The Jewel by Wole Soyinka was chosen and the drama was staged. The researcher has been the director of the drama and a field study has been studied on the process of creating a successful drama. It involves stage management, producing the play, directing, acting, light design, set design and costume design. Stage management is one of the crucial factors in a drama which needs to be taken care of from the practice sessions to the show time. The outcome of the show relies entirely on the management of the stage. In this study Yoruba’s drama is taken and replicating them was a tougher one which includes costume, realistic stage setting, lighting, sound setting and their dances. The drama is also chosen to highlight the sufferings of women in African society and how they are victimized. All these aspects are previously designed and experimented practically to find out the shortcomings in staging a live drama in an educational institution. Questionnaires are also designed and circulated among the actors for further study.

A Survey of Mathematics Pre-Service Teachers' End-of-Teaching Practice Reflections of Educational Contexts

Pre-service teachers need to identify their understanding and beliefs about mathematics learning and teaching against the backdrop of the environment where, they teach during teaching practice. Pre-service teachers will one day be responsible for full-time teaching and their current reflections of educational contexts’ knowledge serve as a point of reference to their acquisition of teacher knowledge. Of the four knowledge bases for teaching, namely, pedagogy, pedagogical content knowledge, subject matter and educational contexts, the focus in this study was on the last. This study purposed to promote and describe mathematics pre-service teachers’ reflections of educational contexts at the end of a six-month teaching practice session. The 2022 cohort of 140 Bachelor of Education mathematics students participated in the study. The judgmental sampling technique was used to select 40 reflection reports. Moreover, four students were selected for interviews purposively based on their earlier reflections in the reports. The reflective reports and the interview transcriptions were analysed thematically through the lens of the Van Manen framework. The findings revealed that most of the pre-service teachers operated at the practical reflection level and very few attained the critical reflection stage. Student teachers took class preparation seriously, but they were disadvantaged by lack of teaching resources. They engaged themselves in many school duties, but this was only helpful if they were guided by experienced teachers. In response to some school management shortcomings, pre-service teachers projected wishes that could improve their teaching practices.