Practice Scores Research Articles

Risk prediction models for incident heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background Heart failure (HF) risk prediction models combine multivariable patient data to estimate an individual's risk of developing HF. By detecting at-risk and early-stage patients, models may facilitate earlier intervention to prevent or delay HF development. Previous systematic reviews were unable to recommend any existing prediction models for clinical use due to insufficient evidence and lack of guidelines on appraising study quality at their time of publication. Purpose To summarize the performance of risk prediction models for incident HF and identify models for further validation and potential clinical use. Methods We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE in June 2021 for English-language studies developing or validating HF risk prediction models. Studies were also retrieved from two previous systematic reviews. We narratively summarized model characteristics (e.g. model type, predictors used, prediction horizon) and study methodology (e.g. validation methods). Performance was assessed among all models validated in ≥ 1 cohort. For all models validated in ≥ 2 cohorts, we pooled discrimination measures using random-effects meta-analyses. Calibration was descriptively summarized based on individual study results from statistical tests and graph digitization of calibration plots. Study quality was assessed using the Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool (PROBAST). Results Of 18,937 publications screened, 41 studies consisting of 120 prediction models were included. Twenty models were both derived and validated, 99 only derived, and 1 only validated. Risk of bias was rated as high in nearly all (94.7%) PROBAST assessments, mostly attributable to issues with analysis. Among 21 models validated in ≥ 1 cohort, most had moderate (61.9%, C-statistic 0.7 to <0.8) or high (23.8%, C-statistic 0.8 to <0.9) discrimination. In patients with low predicted risk (<10%), the calibration was adequate. Nine (42.9%) of these 21 models were presented as web-based calculators and five (23.8%) as points-based risk scores. Based on performance, number of validation cohorts, study risk of bias, and user friendliness, the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC), Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), Pooled Cohort equations to Prevent Heart Failure (PCP-HF), and Health ABC models emerged as the most promising risk scores for clinical practice. Conclusions Given their acceptable performance but high risk of bias, future studies should focus on the external validation of these models in studies of high methodological rigor. Models should be validated in a greater diversity of patient populations, particularly with respect to race. Impact analyses assessing how the clinical implementation of these models affects patient outcomes are also required prior to their routine use. Once validated, these models may help guide clinical decision making to prevent the onset of HF with early, aggressive risk factor modification.Discrimination in 21 validated modelsCharacteristics of recommended models

Innovative risk score to diagnose depression using data from the UAE Healthy Future Study

Abstract Introduction Depression has been recognized as a major mental health disorder. Diagnosing depression remains a challenge due to its complex multifactorial nature. The UAE Healthy Future Study is a long-term cohort study that focuses on understanding the factors that contribute to chronic disease among Emiratis. It involves answering a comprehensive questionnaire, undergoing physical measurements such as Body Mass Index (BMI), and biological samples for analysis. We analyized the eight-item depression screening instrument Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8) for this project. Methods Out of 487 participants included in the PHQ-8, 205 participants (42.1%) were included in the statistical analysis after omitting missing values. A multivariate Least Absolute Selection Shrinkage Operator (LASSO) logistic regression model was performed using gender, age, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, body fat percentage, high-density lipoprotein (mg/dL), lowdensity lipoprotein (mg/dL), total cholesterol (mg/dL), diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, hemoglobin A1C, as predictors. The primary outcome was the binarized total PHQ-8 using a cutoff value of ten Tenfold cross-validation was applied. Results A cutoff value that yields an approximate sensitivity of 90% was selected to maximize the ability of the novel risk score to correctly identify subjects with depression symptoms. Sensitivity and specificity were estimated with a corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI). A novel depression risk score was computed as the linear predictor of the selected five variables in the LASSO regression analysis, as following: Risk score = -3.284 + 0.471*gender - 0.053*age + 0.049*BMI + 0.022*HDLmgdL - 0.072*HBA1c Conclusions We have shown that a novel depression risk score provides useful information for screening of depression. Further validation studies are needed to confirm the application of the risk score in daily practice. Key messages • A novel depression risk score provides useful information for screening of depression. • If the risk score can be verified in a different population, then it can improve the screening methods for depression.

External validation of the CA-AKI score in patients with acute coronary syndrome: A real-world cohort analysis from Asia

Abstract Background Contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) is associated with long-term impairment of kidney function, the need for renal replacement therapy, and subsequent all-cause deaths. A practical risk score, the CA-AKI risk score is derived for the prediction of contrast-associated acute kidney injury. However, this novel score has not received sufficient evidence of external validation in real-world studies, especially in Asian individuals. Methods Short-term endpoints and long-term endpoints were assessed in 8,816 patients with acute coronary syndrome enrolled in a large Asia registry. Discrimination was assessed by Harrell’s C statistic, and calibration was assessed by calibration plots. The ability of the CA-AKI score to predict short-term and long-term prognosis was assessed. Results CA-AKI occurred in 5.3% of the patients, with a stepwise increase of CA-AKI rates from the lowest to the highest of the 4 risk categories. When predicting the risk of CA-AKI, both discrimination and calibration were helpful in model 2 (C-index: 0.72; slope: 0.97) and in model 1(C-index: 0.69; slope: 1.02). The risks of 1-year all-cause mortality and 1-year bleeding were higher in CA-AKI patients (HR: 2.70 [95% CI: 2.22-3.30] and HR: 1.76 [95% CI: 1.41-2.46]; respectively). Conclusion The updated CA-AKI risk score could accurately identify patients with contrast-associated acute kidney injury, the occurrence of which is strongly associated with long-term mortality and bleeding.

The Effect Of Good Dairy Farming Implementation On The Income Level And Efficiency Of Dairy Cows Farmers Businesses In West Malang Regency

The research aims to identify the implementation of Good Dairy Farming Practice, measure the income and efficiency of livestock business. The research was conducted in West Malang Regency from November 2021 to February 2022 in three sub-districts namely Pujon, Ngantang and Kasembon. Samples were taken as many as 100 using purposive sampling method. Data analysis was descriptive quantitative to identify the Good Dairy Farming Practice score, analysis of business efficiency with Cobb Douglass Production Function Regression, analysis of business income and influential factors with Multiple Linear Regression. The results showed that the application of GDFP with sufficient score categories is health aspects (2.84), milking hygiene aspects (2.76), feed nutrition and drinking water aspects (2.43), animal welfare aspects (2.87), environmental aspects (2.64), and unfavorable score category is socio-economic aspects (1.37). The average income of dairy farmers is IDR 70,959,024 per year. The results of income regression analysis showed that the variables of health and nutrition aspects had a very significant effect, the milking hygiene aspect had a significant effect, and the environmental aspect had a less significant effect. The results of the efficiency of the use of factors of milk production with a value of 1.215 showed increasing returns to scale. All aspects of GDFP are in the sufficient category and the socio-economic aspects are in the unfavorable category. This makes the farmer's income less than optimal.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Rural Households in Bojnourd, Iran Regarding the Fleas

Background and Objectives: Fleas are obligate blood-sucking ectoparasites of humans and animals, and their importance in general human health is mostly related to their ability to transmit infectious pathogens. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of rural households in Bojnourd, North Khorasan Province of Iran, regarding the fleas. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted from May to November 2020. The study population consisted of rural household members from 11 villages in Bojnourd City. The data were collected using a researcher-made KAP questionnaire with acceptable validity and reliability. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS software, version 20 using t-test and ANOVA. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: Of 408 participants, 209 (51.23%) were female and 199 (48.77%) were male. Most of them were in the age group of 21-30 years (37.01%), and less in the age group above 41 years (11.27%)., and were employed (n=109, 26.71%). A significant difference was observed in KAP score based on gender, age, educational level, and occupation (P<0.05). The mean scores of knowledge, attitude and practice were 75.38%, 53.6% and 49.3%, respectively. Conclusion: The rural households in Bojnourd has a high knowledge of fleas, but their attitude and practice are low. Therefore, appropriate training programs are necessary to improve their attitude and practice

Association Between Socio-Demographic Characteristics and Household Food Waste Behaviors Among University Students in Italy: The UniFoodWaste Study

Food waste is a growing environmental, economic, and social challenge worldwide. This study aimed to assess the association between various socio-demographic characteristics and household food waste behaviors among university students in Italy. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a validated, online, anonymous, and voluntary-based questionnaire distributed among university students in Milan, Italy. Linear regression analyses were performed to explore the association between socio-demographic factors and anti-household food waste behaviors (preventive practice, abilities scores, and parental guidance). A total of 2779 students participated in the survey. Students residing outside Lombardy exhibited higher preventive practice scores (β = 0.11, p = 0.030). Regular smoking was negatively associated with preventive practice (β = −0.22, p < 0.001) and abilities scores (β = −0.11, p = 0.009). Cohabitation with a partner positively impacted abilities scores (β = 0.23, p = 0.007). Larger family sizes and students in scientific fields showed higher scores for parents’ guidance (β = 0.18, p < 0.001). Frequent use of food delivery apps correlated with lower scores across all categories, while anti-food waste apps had a positive effect. Socio-demographic factors significantly influence food waste behaviors among university students. Tailored public health policies and educational programs addressing these factors could effectively reduce food waste.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice toward nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs among osteoarthritis patients: a cross-sectional study

Background Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are common drugs in patients with osteoarthritis (OA). NSAIDs are generally used at home by patients, without supervision, requiring proper knowledge and attitudes for correct practice. This study investigated the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of patients with OA toward NSAIDs. Methods This cross-sectional study enrolled patients with OA at the Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University between January and March 2024. The KAP scores and demographic information of respondents were collected through a self-designed questionnaire. Results There were 645 participants, with 579 (89.8%) over 45 years old and 394 (61.1%) females. The average scores for knowledge, attitude, and practice were 16.26 ± 3.79 (possible range: 0–24), 18.12 ± 1.99 (possible range: 5–35), and 29.20 ± 5.52 (possible range: 10–50), respectively. The structural equation model (SEM) found that for individuals currently using NSAIDs, the attitude had a direct effect on practice (β = 0.978, P < 0.001). For individuals not using NSAIDs, the attitude had a direct effect on practice (β = 0.936, P < 0.001). Conclusion This study suggested that adequate NSAID knowledge is the prerequisite for correct NSAID-related medical decisions, while attitude has a crucial intermediary effect. Healthcare professionals and society should strengthen education regarding the relevant knowledge of NSAIDs and guide the cultivation of positive attitudes toward NSAIDs.

Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice of pharmacovigilance amongst undergraduate students at a tertiary care teaching hospital: a questionnaire-based study

Background: Pharmacovigilance ensures patient safety and rational medication use. Spontaneous reporting by healthcare professionals is crucial, but underreporting is a major limitation. Education and training are vital to improve Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) reporting. Inculcating pharmacovigilance into undergraduate programs empowers medical students to report ADRs. Methods: This prospective questionnaire-based study focused on assessing knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding pharmacovigilance. A total of 223 medical undergraduate students of which 156 were students in 2nd year and 67 in 3rd final years who gave their consent were included in this study. Participants completed a pre-questionnaire before undergoing a training session on pharmacovigilance related to KAP. Following the training session, a post-questionnaire was given. Pre- and post-test questionnaires were compared and analysed using an appropriate statistical test. Results: The study showed that knowledge and attitude scores among second and third-year medical students improved after the training program. Following training, the mean knowledge score for second-year students significantly increased from 5.56 to 8.6, while their mean attitude score increased from 5.9 to 7.24. Similarly, for third-final-year students, the mean knowledge score improved from 6.62 to 9.01, and the mean attitude score increased from 6.69 to 7.52. The results clearly showed that the training program had a positive impact on the knowledge and attitude of both student groups. The mean practice scores for second-year and third-final-year students were 0.76 and 1.34, respectively. Conclusions: The study showed significant improvement in knowledge and attitude after the educational intervention, indicating a positive impact of the training program.

KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE OF NURSES REGARDING TRACHEOSTOMY CARE

Tracheostomy is a common procedure in critical care settings for patients requiring prolonged ventilation or airway management. Nurses play a crucial role in tracheostomy care, which demands comprehensive knowledge and adherence to evidence-based practices to prevent complications. Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge and practices of nurses regarding tracheostomy care at Jinnah Hospital Lahore. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2024 to July 2024 at Jinnah Hospital Lahore. A total of [specify sample size, e.g., 150] registered nurses working in different wards and intensive care units (ICUs) were selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, which included sections on demographic information, knowledge, and practices. Knowledge and practice scores were categorized as good, moderate, or poor. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0, employing descriptive statistics and chi-square tests to identify associations between variables. Results: The study revealed that 60% of the nurses had moderate knowledge regarding tracheostomy care, while 25% demonstrated good knowledge, and 15% had poor knowledge. In terms of practice, 54.7% of nurses reported moderate adherence to tracheostomy care protocols, 30% had good practices, and 15.3% demonstrated poor practices. A significant association was found between formal training in tracheostomy care and higher knowledge and practice scores (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: The findings indicate that most nurses possess moderate knowledge and practices concerning tracheostomy care, with notable gaps in training and adherence to standardized protocols. The study highlights the need for structured training programs and continuous professional development to enhance nurses' competency in tracheostomy care and improve patient outcomes.

Assessment of ICU nurses' competency towards delirium among critically ill patients.

ICU nurses play a critical role in managing delirium in critically ill patients, yet their competency in this area remains under-explored. To assess ICU nurses' competency including their knowledge, practice, and attitudes toward delirium among critically ill patients. A correlational descriptive study was conducted with 67 nurses in the medical intensive care unit at Suez Canal University Hospitals. Data was collected using an online survey and analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation. Nurses showed a moderate knowledge level (M = 8.55), a low practice level (M = 6.62), and positive attitudes (M = 21.65) toward ICU delirium. ANOVA results indicated significant differences in practice scores based on educational level, F (2, 64) = 3.361, p = .041, and in knowledge scores based on ICU experience, F(3, 63) = 6.455, p < .001. Nurses with Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) degrees had higher practice scores than those with diplomas or Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) degrees. There were no significant differences in knowledge and attitude scores based on educational level or age. Gender differences were minimal, with male nurses slightly outperforming female nurses. Correlation analysis showed positive relationships between age, education, ICU experience, and ICU nurses' levels of knowledge and practice. ICU nurses demonstrate a knowledge-practice gap in delirium management. Targeted educational interventions, mentorship programs, and a focus on practical skills are essential to enhance delirium care. These findings highlight the urgent need for comprehensive delirium education and training programs for ICU nurses. By improving nurses' knowledge and practice, healthcare organizations can significantly enhance the early detection, prevention, and management of delirium, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes and reduced length of stay in the ICU.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice toward sleep hygiene and cardiovascular health: a cross-sectional survey among healthcare workers.

Healthcare workers grapple with distinct challenges, inherent to their profession, making them susceptible to irregular sleep patterns and insufficient sleep, which may further impact their cardiovascular health. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of healthcare workers concerning sleep hygiene and cardiovascular health. A cross-sectional survey was conducted at Yancheng TCM Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine between July, 2023 and September, 2023. Demographic characteristics, KAP scores, sleep health awareness and habits, and sleep quality were assessed through the questionnaires. A total of 423 valid questionnaires were included in the study. Among these, 215 (50.83%) were aged 35 or below, and 128 (30.26%) reported suffering from chronic insomnia. The mean knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were 43.23 ± 5.67 (possible range: 10-50), 24.53 ± 4.59 (possible range: 9-45), and 20.22 ± 4.46 (possible range: 6-30), respectively. Multivariate analyses indicated that attitude score (OR = 0.890, 95% CI: [0.807-0.981], p = 0.019), sleep health awareness & habits score (OR = 1.847, 95% CI: [1.284-2.656], p = 0.001), experienced chest tightness or heart palpitations (OR = 6.084, 95% CI: [2.172-17.042], p = 0.001), and the presence of chronic insomnia (OR = 5.017, 95% CI: [2.428-10.368], p < 0.001) were independently associated with sleep quality. Healthcare workers had adequate knowledge, negative attitude and moderate practice toward sleep hygiene and cardiovascular health. The findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to address the observed gaps in attitudes and practices, aiming to enhance overall awareness and promote healthier sleep habits among healthcare professionals.

Filipino Rehabilitation Practitioners’ COVID-19 knowledge, practice and attitude: A cross-sectional study

Background: The rehabilitation team, consisting of physiatrists, physical and occupational therapists, and speech pathologists, faces heightened risk of COVID-19 exposure because of treatment practices in rehabilitation settings.Aim: The study aimed to assess the knowledge, practices and attitudes of rehabilitation professionals in treating COVID-19 patients and to determine potential associations with respondents’ demographic factors (e.g., age, gender, type of profession).Setting: The study was conducted in the Philippines.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2021 to July 2021. Researchers employed snowballing and purposive homogenous convenient sampling methods. Participants completed a 31-item online questionnaire via Google Forms.Results: A total of 410 rehabilitation professionals participated in the study. The total mean scores for knowledge, practices and attitudes are 41.14 ± 3.16, 104.54 ± 33.65 and 37.13 ± 3.55, respectively which were considered adequate. However, only 9.8% (n = 40) professional was actively treating COVID-19 patients with analysis of variance indicated that age, type of profession and gender did not significantly impact COVID-19 knowledge. However, age (p = 0.005) and type of profession (p = 0.004) were found to influence COVID-19 practices, with physiatrists exhibiting higher adherence. There was a strong positive correlation between age and positive COVID-19 attitudes (p 0.000).Conclusion: Filipino rehabilitation professionals have positive attitude, adequate knowledge and skills about COVID-19.Contribution: The study provides information to modify training courses and curricula to further improve the knowledge and practices related to COVID-19.

General public knowledge, attitudes, and practices about rabies and associated factors in Gomma district of Jimma zone, southwestern Ethiopia.

Rabies is a disease of warm-blooded animals that affects the central nervous system and is almost invariably fatal once clinical signs develop. It is one of the most neglected tropical diseases in several areas of the world, including Ethiopia. Additionally, the burden of the disease is estimated to be high in Ethiopia, and public awareness contributes to prevention. A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from June-August 2023 in the Gomma district, Jimma zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia, to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of communities towards rabies and associated risk factors using a structured questionnaire survey. A multi-stage sampling technique was used for the selection of the sampling units and a total of 140 participants were interviewed. The questionnaire parts included socio-demographics information, knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the community's respect for rabies management and control. The data was analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 20. Descriptive analyses were employed and multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate the association between independent and dependent variables (Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice scores). About 134 (95.7%) respondents had heard about rabies. Likewise, 75 (53.6%), 55 (39.3%), and 95 (67.9%) of the respondents had good knowledge, favorable attitudes, and good practices, respectively. Christians were more likely to have higher knowledge scores than Muslims (AOR = 6.876, CI = 1.750-27.016, p = 0.006). Respondents who knew someone's exposure had a higher knowledge score than those who did not (AOR = 6.208, CI = 2.750-14.012, p = 0.000). Moreover, Muslims were found to have a more favorable attitudes than Christians (AOR = 5.518, CI = 1.199-25.391, p = 0.028). Those who knew someone's exposure to rabies were found to have a more favorable attitudes than those who did not (AOR = 2.367, CI = 1.157-4.839, p = 0.018). Respondents who had favorable attitudes towards rabies were found to have more good practices than unfavorable attitudes (AOR = 3.267, CI = 1.391, 7.730, p = 0.005). The study revealed a gap in knowledge among communities in the study area. Thus, rabies control activity and community awareness should be implemented with stakeholders.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices regarding Prevention and Management of Under-five Diarrhea among mothers of Worawora Community

Background: Diarrheal illness continues to be the second greatest cause of under-five mortality worldwide. Diarrhea is responsible for roughly 1.5 million infant fatalities per year, or close to one in five. Aim: This current study was to assess knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding prevention and management of under-five diarrhea among mothers of Worawora Community. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out using a total of 207 mothers with children less than 5 years. SPSS version 20 software was used for data analysis. Means, frequencies, and percentages were used for descriptive analysis and Pearson correlation for association with a set P value of 0.05. Results: The ages of the mothers ranged from 13 to 50 years, with a mean age of 27.70 ± 7.15 years. About 68.1% had good knowledge of diarrhea definition, causes, and prevention. The majority (74.4%) of the mothers had a good attitude. The majority had moderate food hygiene practices. About half (51.2%) had good hand-washing practices. About 34.3% had good home management of child diarrhea. Mothers' diarrhea prevention and management knowledge positively correlated with attitude, r(207) =.301, p &lt; .001, hand hygiene practice, r(207) =.417, p &lt; .001 and diarrhea management score, r(207) =.339, p &lt; .001. Also, the attitude of respondents positively correlated with their practice scores for hand hygiene r(207) =.246, p &lt; .001, and food hygiene r(207) =.299, p &lt; .001. Finally, there was a significant correlation between mothers' hand hygiene practice and diarrhea management practice r(207) =.459, p &lt; .001. Conclusion: Most of the respondents exhibited good knowledge and attitude toward under-five diarrhea management and prevention. However, the good knowledge and attitude did not translate to good practice and management in all of the respondents.

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices among medical students toward depression management: a cross-sectional study in China.

The prevalence of depression among university and college students in China is nearly one-quarter. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) among medical students toward depression management. Depression, a significant public health issue, has a substantial impact on students, with a reported prevalence of 23.8% among university and college students in China. This web-based cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2023 and October 2023 at three medical universities in China. A self-administered questionnaire collected demographic information and assessed medical students' KAP on depression management. A total of 632 participants were enrolled in this study from three medical universities. Among them, 383 (60.60%) were female, and the participants were aged 20.17 years on average (SD ± 1.80). Most of their family members (521, 82.44%) were not in the medical profession. Using a validated 15-point knowledge scale, a 50-point attitude scale, and a 30-point practice scale, which covered areas such as symptom recognition, treatment approaches, and stigma related to depression, the mean knowledge, attitudes and practices scores were 10.55 ± 3.36 (possible range: 0-15), 41.72 ± 4.45 (possible range: 10-50) and 19.79 ± 5.44 (possible range: 6-30), respectively. Males had lower knowledge (p = 0.003). Only children had higher practice (p = 0.034). Urban residents had higher attitudes (p = 0.046). Higher income linked to better practice (p = 0.047). Freshmen scored higher across all KAP (p < 0.05). Medical family background linked to better knowledge (p = 0.005). The attitude scores were correlated with the practice scores (r = 0.403, p = 0.004). The structural equation model demonstrated that knowledge had direct effects on attitude and practice, as indicated by a path coefficient of 0.725 (p < 0.001) and 0.370 (p = 0.001), respectively. Furthermore, attitude had direct effects on practices, with a path coefficient of 0.509 (p < 0.001). The study revealed that medical students possessed sufficient knowledge and demonstrated active attitudes but exhibited limited practical skills in managing depression. In investigating the KAP of medical students, it is essential to integrate specific practical applications, such as role-playing scenarios and case studies, into the curriculum. These methods will emphasize the importance of knowledge, foster positive attitudes, and promote peer collaboration to enhance practical skills in depression management.

Assessment of Knowledge and Practices Related to Non-Surgical Management of Osteoarthritis Among Patients in the Rural Community of Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan.

Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that represents a major public health challenge, especially in rural communities where access to advanced healthcare is limited. This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to the non-surgical management of osteoarthritis among patients in the rural district of Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 234 adult OA patients aged 45 and above, residing in selected rural areas of Sri Ganganagar. Participants were recruited using convenience sampling from local health centers and community clinics. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and correlation analyses to explore associations between demographic variables and KAP levels. Results: The study revealed that 29.9% of participants had adequate knowledge about OA, while 18.8% had inadequate knowledge. Regarding practices, 21.4% of participants demonstrated good practices in managing their OA symptoms, whereas 20.9% exhibited poor practices. Significant associations were found between age and education level with both knowledge and practice levels (p &lt; 0.05). A moderate positive correlation was observed between age and knowledge score (r = 0.45, p = 0.002), and a strong positive correlation was found between knowledge and practice scores (ρ = 0.60, p &lt; 0.001). Conclusion: The findings underscore the need for targeted health education programs in rural communities like Sri Ganganagar to bridge knowledge gaps and improve adherence to non-surgical OA management practices. Enhancing patient education and integrating healthcare providers in the patient education process could significantly improve OA management and patient outcomes in rural settings.

Impact of Video-Based Error Correction Learning for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training: Quasi-Experimental Study.

Video-based error correction (VBEC) in medical education could offer immediate feedback, promote enhanced learning retention, and foster reflective practice. However, its application in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training has not been investigated. The objective of this study is to assess whether the VBEC procedure could improve the training performance of CPR among anesthesiology residents. A quasi-experimental study was conducted among anesthesiology residents between December 2022 and April 2023. Primary outcomes included a posttraining knowledge test and practical assessment scores. Secondary outcomes included the number of residents who correctly conducted CPR at each step, the rate of common mistakes during the CPR process, and the self-assessment results. A total of 80 anesthesiology residents were divided into a VBEC group (n=40) and a control group (n=40). The VBEC group underwent a 15-minute VBEC CPR training, whereas the control group underwent a 15-minute video-prompting CPR training. The posttraining knowledge test score of the VBEC group was significantly higher than that of the control group (73, SD 10.5 vs 65.1, SD 11.4; P=.002). The residents in the VBEC group had lower error rates in "failure to anticipate the next move" (n=3, 7.5% vs n=13, 32.5%; P=.01) and "failure to debrief or problem solve after the code" (n=2, 5% vs n=11, 27.5%; P=.01), as well as better performance in the "secure own safety" step (n=34, 85% vs n=18, 45%; P<.001) than those in the control group. The VBEC group showed significantly higher confidence in CPR than the control group (n=?, 62.5% vs n=?, 35%; P=.03). VBEC may be a promising strategy compared to video prompting for CPR training among anesthesiology residents.

Women's knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding cervical precancerous lesions: a cross-sectional study in Beijing, China.

This study aimed to examine the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of women in Beijing regarding cervical precancerous lesions. This web-based, cross-sectional study included women at Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine between March 13, 2024 and April 9, 2024. A self-administered questionnaire was developed to collect participants' demographic information and KAP scores toward cervical precancerous lesions. The study included 951 valid questionnaires, with a mean age of 40.0 years. The mean knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were 12.55 ± 6.23 (possible range: 0-26), 50.66 ± 7.48 (possible range: 13-65), and 26.13 ± 4.98 (possible range: 7-35), respectively. The knowledge score (OR = 1.071, 95%CI: 1.040-1.103, p < 0.001), currently married (OR = 0.548, 95%CI: 0.304-0.985, p = 0.045), and with a history of HPV infection (OR = 2.302, 95%CI: 1.062-4.990, p = 0.035) were independently associated with the attitude score. The knowledge score (OR = 1.155, 95%CI: 1.119-1.192, p < 0.001), monthly income >20,000 (OR = 2.793, 95%CI: 1.249-6.248, p = 0.012), a history of HPV infection (OR = 0.380, 95%CI: 0.222-0.650, p < 0.001), unknown HPV infection status (OR = 0.289, OR = 0.177-0.473, p < 0.001), vaccinated against HPV (OR = 1.752, 95%CI: 1.221-2.514, p = 0.002), giving birth to one child (OR = 1.991, 95%CI: 1.186-3.341, p = 0.009), and giving birth to two or more children (OR = 2.160, 95%CI: 1.240-3.763, p = 0.007) were independently associated with the practice score. The structured equation model showed that knowledge directly influenced attitude (β = 0.237, p = 0.004) and practice (β = 0.490, p = 0.010). Attitude directly influenced practice (β = 0.193, p = 0.009). This study revealed inadequate knowledge, moderate attitude, and practice toward cervical precancerous lesions among women in Beijing. Educational interventions should be developed to enhance knowledge in this regard.

Antibiotic resistant bacteria in goat meat and hygienic practices among retail stores in Nashville, Tennessee

This study explores into the levels of coliform contamination, prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and the hygienic practices in goat meat retail stores. Goat meat from 10 retail stores was analyzed for E. coli, Salmonella, and S. aureus using serological and PCR methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Data on hygienic practices were collected through a structured observational questionnaire. Pearson’s correlation analysis was also employed to establish the relationship between hygienic practices and coliform loads. The average coliform loads on goat meat ranged between 0.88–5.04 log10 cfu/g. Our results revealed that 52% of examined goat meat was deemed unacceptable (&amp;gt;3.30 log10 CFU/g). The overall level of good meat handling practices among meat handlers in our study was 45.75%. Further, the study establishes a significant correlation between the level of food safety practices and coliform load. Hence, stores with higher hygienic practice scores exhibited lower coliform loads. The prevalence of S. aureus (44%) in goat meat was significantly higher (p &amp;lt; 0.05) as compared to E. coli (29%), and Salmonella spp. (20%). E. coli isolates displayed the highest resistance to penicillin (31.2%), Salmonella spp. to oxytetracycline (13.9%), and S. aureus to ampicillin (29.0%). Resistance was observed across selected antibiotic classes, particularly in beta-lactams and tetracyclines, with penicillin (78.5%) and oxytetracycline (64.5%) exhibiting notable resistance. Cephalosporin resistance was noted, with 48.4 and 33.3% of isolates showing resistance to cephalothin and cefpodoxime, respectively. Bacterial isolates also demonstrated resistance to phenicol antibiotics, including chloramphenicol (9.7%) and florfenicol (16.1%), respectively. Approximately 44.1% of bacterial isolates displayed multidrug resistance and MAR index ranged from 0.25 to 0.75. The study’s findings reveal heightened levels of coliform contamination, the presence of pathogenic and multidrug-resistant bacteria in goat meat, and suboptimal meat handling practices in retail stores. The significance of improving food safety practices in retail settings is emphasized to ensure the safety of goat meat, a matter of increasing importance due to its growing demand globally.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice toward hyperuricemia among healthcare workers in Shandong, China.

Hyperuricemia is a relatively common condition, with a prevalence of over 20% among the general population. Also, most patients initially present no symptoms. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) toward hyperuricemia among healthcare workers in Shandong, China. Healthcare workers were recruited in this cross-sectional study conducted in Shandong in December 2022. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect demographic information and KAP data. A total of 372 questionnaires were distributed, and 216 (58.06%) valid questionnaires were collected from 131 physicians, 80 nurses, and five other healthcare workers. The participants had a mean score of 10.76 ± 2.53 (possible range: 0-14, 76.9%) and 31.94 ± 2.58 (possible range: 0-40, 79.9%) in knowledge and attitude, respectively. The physicians' and nurses' practice scores were 47.57 ± 5.34 (possible range: 0-55, 86.5%) and 30.06 ± 4.11 (possible range: 0-35, 85.9%), respectively. The attitude scores were independently associated with proactive practice in both physicians (P < 0.001) and nurses (P = 0.046). This study found that healthcare workers in Shandong had adequate knowledge, positive attitudes, and proactive practices towards hyperuricemia. However, there is room for improvement in the attitudes of both physicians and nurses to achieve better practice.