Practical Scheduling Research Articles

Challenging traditions: Systematic review of practice, instruction, and motor skill acquisition in soccer

Williams and Hodges (2005) stated five myths that soccer coaches held when organizing their athletes’ practice. However, their arguments were based, majorly, in laboratory studies which limit their validity. Here, we performed a systematic review to verify the validity of their claims and map the current scenario of how coaches can manipulate factors of practice (augmented information, focus of attention, demonstration, and practice schedule) to support learning and performance in soccer. The results, in terms of each category or the myths presented, are, in most cases, not unanimous and much more must be performed to support, or criticize, coaches’ practice. We provide an encompassing view that provides general ideas for practice and future research.

Solving Rehabilitation Scheduling Problems via a Two-Phase ASP Approach

Abstract A core part of the rehabilitation scheduling process consists of planning rehabilitation physiotherapy sessions for patients, by assigning proper operators to them in a certain time slot of a given day, taking into account several legal, medical, and ethical requirements and optimizations, for example, patient’s preferences and operator’s work balancing. Being able to efficiently solve such problem is of upmost importance, in particular after the COVID-19 pandemic that significantly increased rehabilitation’s needs. In this paper, we present a two-phase solution to rehabilitation scheduling based on Answer Set Programming, which proved to be an effective tool for solving practical scheduling problems. We first present a general encoding and then add domain-specific optimizations. Results of experiments performed on both synthetic and real benchmarks, the latter provided by ICS Maugeri, show the effectiveness of our solution as well as the impact of our domain-specific optimizations.

The effects of interleaved and blocked corpus-based practice on L2 pragmatic development

AbstractA handful of second/foreign language (L2) studies have examined the effects of practice schedules and reported the advantage of interleaved practice (i.e., practice multiple skills simultaneously) over blocked practice (i.e., practice one skill first and then proceed to the next one). However, no studies in the realm of L2 pragmatics have explored this theme. This study investigated the influence of interleaved corpus-based practice and blocked corpus-based practice on L2 pragmatic development. Sixty-three L2 learners of English from a university in China received instruction on two pragmatic features: suggestions and requests. After the instruction, they were randomly assigned to an interleaved-practice group (n= 31) or a blocked-practice group (n= 32). Results from multimedia discourse completion tasks on the immediate and delayed posttests showed facilitative and long-term effects of interleaved practice on pragmatic accuracy. Moreover, the results revealed positive and durable influence of blocked practice on fluency. Implications are discussed.

276 Effect of Practice Schedule on Motor Learning of Protective Stepping Responses in Persons with Parkinson’s Disease and Age-matched Controls.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Persons with Parkinson’s disease (PwPD) have set-shifting impairments that may limit motor learning of protective responses to prevent falls. This study compares the effect of blocked versus random practice schedules on acquisition and retention of protective stepping stability in PwPD & age-matched controls. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Twenty PwPD & 20 age-matched controls will be randomly assigned to random or blocked practice groups to experience slip and trip-like perturbations which induce stepping responses. Blocked practice is repeating a task (e.g., slip) several times before the next task, while random practice is randomly practicing two or more tasks (e.g., slips & trips). Each subject will wear a safety harness to prevent falls, each fitted with a load cell that indicates when a fall would have occurred. We will assess the anterior-posterior and mediolateral margin of stability at 1st protective step, step length, and in-task fall incidence before, 10 minutes, and two days after practice. We will also compare outcomes between participants in the blocked vs. random practice schedule using two ANOVA. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: To date, we have recruited three control subjects. We anticipate that blocked practice will be superior to random practice for protective stepping acquisition and retention PwPD. Existing literature on motor learning of voluntary tasks indicates that PwPD have difficulty acquiring and retaining motor skills via random practice due to the higher cognitive processing required than blocked practice. Furthermore, since the basal ganglia’s set-shifting role is crucial for random practice, it is expected that random practice will limit protective steps acquisition and retention in PwPD. In healthy control, while blocked practice is better for acquisition, random practice will be superior for retention. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: The study’s findings will provide knowledge that may foster the development of robust balance rehabilitation protocols to improve postural responses in PwPD and reduce delayed and ineffective stepping responses that results in falls among PwPD.

The Impact of using some Practice Scheduling Methods on Learning of motor Building for a number of Football and athletics skills for the first Intermediate grade students

The study aimed at expounding the impacts of a number of practice scheduling methods that were used in the educational programs of three experimental groups and the control group that used the followed style in the school in learning the motor building and comparing the results of the post-test between the three experimental groups that used some of the practice method and the control group that used the style followed in the school in learning the motor building of students of the first intermediate grade in a number of football and athletics skills . The researchers used the experimental method appropriate to the nature of the study, the research community was (232) students of the first intermediate class in Al-Shumookh Intermediate School for boys distributed on )4(classes as for the sample of the study it was taken on the intentional approach and it was distributed on three experimental group and one is a controlling group and it was taken randomly by choosing (15) students for each group which means that the number was (60) students. The researcher adopted the design that he called called “Designing the equivalent group with the pre & post-test” and the adopted a design that is called “Designing the stable equivalent group with the post-test observation also they have done a questionnaire from ,personal interviews ,scientific observation tests ,measurements ,and a form for redressing the operant building. A party is done between the groups of the research in a number of variables (age, height mass, mental abilities (attention, intelligence) and some physical and motor factors that affect motor building learning of a number of team and individual game). The educational program of the school which is (The style used in the school) and (A guide for the teacher of the physical education for the intermediate school) are applied on the control group, Also the special educational programs were applied with the styles of the scheduling practice on the experimental groups and these programs has (72) educational unit with (18) educational unit for each group they are done twice a week in )45(minutes. The researchers conclude that the educational programs concerning the styles of the scheduling practices (the distributed, the intensive & the random) and the special program with the control group (the followed style in the school) has affected positively in learning the mobile building for a number of football and athletics skills.

Pelatihan Instrumen Tiup Brass pada Unit Marching Band GNPM Kabupaten Mandailing Natal

The research at this writing is to determine the brass instrument training system in the Marching Band Gita Nada Pratama Mandailing Natal unit. The purpose of this study was to see how to find out the procedures for training the Brass Instrument in the Marching Band Gita Nada Pratama Mandailing Natal unit. This research was conducted in December-February 2021. It is a qualitative descriptive study that reveals the current phenomenon. The group of brass instrument players in the Marching Band Gita Nada Pratama Mandailing Natal Unit is the object of research. The research location is the Youth and Sports Office of Mandailing Natal Regency. Techniques in collecting data using observation techniques, interview techniques, and documentation techniques.At the stage of the training process on the brass unit of the Marching Band Gita Nada Pratama Mandailing Natal, the initial preparation includes the recruitment process, introduction of tools, understanding of body position, blowing technique, lip position, and the technique of finding the schedule and place of practice. The last is the preparation of exercises which include apple activities, warming up, and giving song material. In the training process, the Marching Band unit did not apply a written evaluation system and did not give strict sanctions to members of the brass instrument training process for the Marching Band Gita Nada Pratama Mandailing Natal using training methods, lectures and demonstrations.

SLEEP QUALITY AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG THIRD-YEAR MEDICAL STUDENTS AT CAN THO UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY

Background: Sleep is a condition of reduced stimulation that allows the body to recoup and re-energize. Hence, poor sleep will affect the body's capacity to think and focus, raise the risk of health issues, and have a negative impact on learning, causing occupational mistakes and accidents. A busy theoretical study schedule, a clinical practice schedule at the hospital and a tight exam schedule will have certain impacts on the sleep quality of medical students. Objectives: Evaluation of quality and some factors related to sleep in third-year full-time medical students at Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 200 students studying full-time medicine, course 45, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy (CTUMP). Results: Of the 56.5% of students who reported insomnia, mild insomnia accounted for 49%, moderate insomnia for 7.5%, and severe insomnia for none. The rate of reduced sleep quality was 72.7% in the group of students who consumed caffeine and 52.0% in the group who did not; the connection was statistically significant with a p-value of 0.01. The group with high physical activity had the lowest prevalence of insomnia (45.8%), and this association was statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusions: More than half of third-year fulltime medical students (56.5%) experience mild to moderate insomnia with a mean PSQI scale score of 5.95±3.00 and mean sleep duration of 6.26±1.07 hours. Sleep quality in third-year medical students at CTUMP was affected by physical activity and caffeine usage.

Introducing Variability Into the Word Learning of Adults

We inquired whether introducing variability into a word-learning task would facilitate, inhibit, or have a neutral effect on adults’ speech production and language learning. Twenty young adults with typical development participated. They repeated four novel words 10 times sequentially (blocked practice) and another four novel words 10 times in a mixed order (varied practice). We compared participants’ speech production and language learning in the blocked practice and varied practice conditions. We also repeated the language-learning probes after a period of consolidation. In comparison with the blocked practice condition, a varied practice schedule did not improve speech production, short-term language learning, or long-term language learning. Introducing variability into this word-learning task had a neutral effect on young adults’ speech production and language learning. Further research is necessary to determine how to apply these concepts to teaching word-learning strategies to children or adults with typical or atypical development.

Effects of practice schedules in video tutorials for software training

The present study assessed the effectiveness of video-based tutorials for software training in which three practice schedules (i.e., blocked, interleaved and hybrid) were systematically varied. Forty-nine participants studied the video tutorials and engaged in task practice to learn advanced formatting tasks for Word. The conditions were compared for processing of the videos and effectiveness judgments. Also, self-efficacy and knowledge development were assessed. No effect of practice schedule was found on video processing measures (i.e., total time, unique play time, replays). Self-efficacy development was positive and significant. For untrained items this development favoured the hybrid over the interleaved practice schedule. Effectiveness judgments were favourable and similar for the three conditions. Both conceptual and procedural knowledge development (during and after training) was significant. No effect of practice schedule on these developments was found.

Dot-to-dot practice enhances Children's handwriting: The advantage of a multi-session training protocol

Handwriting instruction commonly involves the practice of non-linguistic writing-like patterns. Here, we compare the transfer to Arabic sentence-writing of different practice scheduling of the Invented Letter Task (ILT), a simple dot-to-dot connecting task, aiming to decide best-practice scheduling. Ninety-seven 7- to 8-year-old public-school Arab Israeli second-graders were assigned randomly, within-class, to five study groups: three single-session practice groups (different amounts, with 60/180/360 repetitions), a 360-repetition multi-session practice group (distributed across four days), and an untrained control group. Handwriting was assessed at pre-training, 24-h, and 4–5 weeks post-training. The findings revealed that by 4–5 weeks post-training all the practice groups wrote more fluently or accurately than the control group. The multi-session practice group's handwriting performance was advantageous to that of the other groups, being more fluent than the other groups and more legible than the control group. The findings suggest that practicing simple grapho-motor tasks may enhance handwriting abilities.

Aplikasi Antrian Pasien Pada Dokter Praktek Umum Menggunakan Metode FIFO (First In First Out) Berbasis Android

Currently, there are so many services in Indonesia. One of the services in the health sector is the practice of general practitioners. Services that occur at the practice of general practitioners, namely dr. Zaki Mubarak and dr. Subhan Habibi, located in Palu, often has complaints because it is still ineffective where getting these services is still done manually by means of patients coming in person and taking a queue based on the order of seats then one by one they will be served. This causes patient discomfort in waiting. To make it easier for patients who want to seek treatment, a system is needed, with this; an Android-based patient queuing application for general practice doctors was made. The application of the method used in building the system is the FIFO queuing method where patients who register earlier get medical services first. Then the average waiting time is calculated where the results obtained will be used as an estimate of the waiting time for the next patient. The application development method in this research used the prototype method and application testing uses the black box testing method. The results of this research are the application of patient queues for general practice doctors based on Android which is built to be able to take queues anywhere and anytime and obtain some information including doctor’s practice schedules, queue numbers, running queues, and estimated waiting times so that patients can estimate arrival time without having to wait long. Based on system testing with black box, the results show that the functional system is running well. Based on the average waiting time calculation, from the 60 queue data tested, the result is that the distance between queue 1 and the order is around 5 minutes.

A Refined Collaborative Scheduling Method for Multi-Equipment at U-Shaped Automated Container Terminals Based on Rail Crane Process Optimization

A U-shaped automated container terminal (ACT) has been proposed for the first time globally and has been adopted to construct the Beibu Gulf Port ACT. In this ACT layout, the double cantilevered rail crane (DCRC) simultaneously provides loading and unloading services for the external container trucks (ECTs) and the automatic guided vehicles (AGVs) entering the yard. The DCRC has a complex scheduling coupling relationship with the AGV and the ECT, and its mathematical model is extremely complex. There is an urgent need to study a practical collaborative scheduling optimization model and algorithm for the DCRC, the AGV, and the ECT. In this paper, we optimize the process flow of DCRCs to study the refined collaborative scheduling model of DCRCs, AGVs and ECTs in U-shaped ACTs. Firstly, we analyze the operation process of the DCRC and divide the 16 loading and unloading conditions of the DCRC into four operation modes for process optimization. Secondly, different variables and parameters are set for the DCRC’s four operating modes, and a refined collaborative dispatching model for the DCRCs with AGVs and ECTs is proposed. Finally, a practical adaptive co-evolutionary genetic algorithm solves the model. Meanwhile, arithmetic examples verify the correctness and practicality of the model and algorithm. The experimental results show that the total running time of the DCRCs is the shortest in the U-shaped ACT when the number of quay cranes (QC) to DCRC and AGV ratios are 1:2 and 1:10, respectively. At the same time, the number of QCs and DCRCs has a more significant impact on the efficiency of the ACT than that of AGVs, and priority should be given to the allocation of QCs and DCRCs. The research results have essential guidance value for U-shaped ACTs under construction and enrich the theory and method of collaborative scheduling of U-shaped ACT equipment.

A review of immediate drug release dosage forms

Tablets are currently the most widely used dosage form due to their ease of self-administration, compactness, and simple production. In many situations, rapid action is necessary rather than conventional therapy. Immediate release dosage forms have become an alternative to traditional oral dose forms in order to address these shortcomings. Immediately after administration, immediate medication release dose forms dissolve more quickly. Super disintegrants such carboxymethylcellulose (Croscarmellose), sodium starch glycolate (Primogel, Explotab), cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone (Polyplasdone), and others are employed as the fundamental method in the manufacture of tablets. After being administered to the stomach, these powerful disintegrants instantly dissolve tablets. In this area, parenteral dosage forms and instant release liquid dosage forms have both been introduced for the treatment of patients. It is possible to administer suspensions in liquid dose form using common dispersion agents as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, AOT (dioctyl sulfosuccinate), etc. Many medications, including neuroleptics, cardiovascular medications, analgesics, antihistamines, and other medications, can be thought of as candidates for this dose form as a result of the advent of immediate release therapy. Pharmaceutical companies frequently create a certain medication entity in a new and improved dosage form as the drug entity's patent life is about to expire. While providing its patient group with a more practical dosage form or dosing schedule, a new dosage form enables a producer to extend market exclusivity.

Team Cohesion and Interpersonal Relationships among Athletes from the Autonomous University of Nayarit

The university environment entails carrying out a great diversity of productive activities. All of them are carried out without detriment to the academic obligation, which implicitly involves occupational pressure on the students who decide to venture into any of the activities foreseen in the student work since all of them require the availability of time, dedication, tenacity, perseverance, and both physical and mental resistance due to the effort that is necessary to carry them out for their execution. Sport is part of the great diversity of activities that university students can carry out. Its practice involves observing the various situations that can affect sports performance, even though it does not correctly refer to obtaining prizes or medals, since if only these arguments are considered to evaluate the implicit process in sports practice, subjective observation of dominance in case of being winners, even of failure if it occurs, since to a large extent the difference between winning or losing is not only due to having greater/less athletic physical capacity, since to enormous size the athletes who compete both individually and as a group and who are capable of making use of their full potential, are those who have managed to adapt to the prevailing conditions during their processes, that is, they have managed to control as much as possible their variables involved in sports performance. Team cohesion is one of those variables, which for its consolidation requires harmonizing a large number of internal and external factors, the barometric conditions in which training sessions and competitions occur, and practice schedules that can be combined with school schedules. That hinders the joint and effective performance of both activities since it is essential to mention that athletes are obliged to maintain their level of efficiency in both contexts, hence the performance of both tasks could at any given time be a factor that generates anxiety with Sufficient potential to alter the state of mind that promotes a modification of the emotional state powerful enough to change the perception of the athlete, causing cognitive distortions complex enough for the athlete to make accurate assessments of the origin of such tensions. Hence the importance of knowing the factors that alter the team cohesion of the athletes studied is manifested in the psychological disposition with which they face sports and social demands and the coping skills they have developed throughout their experience.

Signatures of contextual interference in implicit sensorimotor adaptation.

Contextual interference refers to the phenomenon whereby a blocked practice schedule results in faster acquisition but poorer retention of new motor skills compared to a random practice schedule. While contextual interference has been observed under a broad range of tasks, it remains unclear if this effect generalizes to the implicit and automatic recalibration of an overlearned motor skill. To address this question, we compared blocked and random practice schedules in a visuomotor rotation task that isolates implicit adaptation. In experiment 1, we found robust signatures of contextual interference in implicit adaptation: compared to participants tested under a blocked training schedule, participants tested under a random training schedule exhibited a reduced rate of learning during the training phase but better retention during a subsequent no-feedback assessment phase. In experiment 2, we again observed an advantage in retention following random practice and showed that this result was not due to a change in context between the training and assessment phases (e.g. a blocked training schedule followed by a random assessment schedule). Taken together, these results indicate that contextual interference is not limited to the acquisition of new motor skills but also applies to the implicit adaptation of established motor skills.

Scheduling optimization for production of prefabricated components with parallel work of serial machines

Scheduling optimization of manufacturing prefabricated components is critical for construction in enhancing efficiency and productivity. However, problems of low formulation efficiency and low resource utilization still exist, impeding productivity and increasing costs. Although numerous efforts have been devoted to scheduling optimization, limited research has considered the parallel work of serial machines in production lines, leading to a deviation between actual situations and expectations. Therefore, a new optimization method is proposed with two major contributions. First, a Prefabricated Components Production Scheduling (PCPS) model considering the parallel work of serial machines is established, containing 3 new constraint conditions. a Position Algorithm (PA) is also designed to facilitate a constraint related to the locations of component groups. Second, a genetic algorithm-based method is designed to seek potential optimal scheduling schemes. The model is demonstrated and evaluated in an actual case. The results show that: (1) Optimal schedules calculated by the PCPS model can reduce penalty cost by 28.6% and total completion time by 14.9% compared to the case without considering the parallel work of serial machines. (2) Optimal schedules can effectively reduce penalty cost by 63.9% and total completion time by 34.4% compared to the empirical method of ascending order by the due date. The optimal schedules can provide a solution for more detailed and practical scheduling. For future improvement, other factors affecting productivity, such as operator proficiency, will be added to the model constraints.

Identification and validation of immunohistochemical marker panels to predict the prognosis of muscle invasive bladder cancer.

Currently, the treatment regimen of bladder cancer depends on the stage and grade. Yet, patients with similar histopathological characteristics may have distinct prognosis. Luminal/basal subtyping had proved to be a satisfactory subtyping method. Here we intended to evaluate immunohistochemistry, a more clinically-practical method, in luminal/basal classification and further risk-stratification. Patients diagnosed with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder in Changhai Hospital were retrospectively recruited and corresponding formalin-fixed paraffin embedded blocks were acquired. Tissue microarrays (TMAs) of these patients were established followed by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of 14 markers. Patients were classified into luminal or basal subtype according to CK5/6, CK14, CK20 and GATA3 expression. Further subtyping of luminal and basal tumors was performed according to the expression of other markers. A total of 236 patients were included: 163 and 73 patients were assigned to training and validation cohorts, respectively. Patients with basal tumor were related with poorer prognosis compared to those with luminal tumor (P=0.025 and 0.008 in training and validation cohorts, respectively). We further revealed luminal muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) patients could be further categorized into subgroups with different risks. Cytoplasmic YAP1 and CCNB1 were selected as classifier, patients with low expression of cytoplasmic YAP1 or CCNB1 were independent risk factor for poorer prognosis (hazard ratio =2.19, P=0.04). Molecular subtyping into luminal/basal subtype and risk stratification method using a 2-marker method by immunohistochemistry can be an economical, clinically practical method to predict patient prognosis and could help to develop treatment strategy and follow-up schedule in clinical practice.

Influence of decomposition agent application and schedule in wheat straw return practice on soil quality and crop yield

Straw return is a beneficial agricultural practice but mechanisms and information on microbial community alterations initiated by decomposed straw and promotion of soil nutritive content and conservation is still not adequately understood. Therefore, the study applied molecular, bioinformatics, chemical and plant yield analysis to determine the effect of wheat straw return and decomposing agent on soil, fungi and crop yield characteristics under wheat biomass return with and without the inclusion of the decomposition agent at varying times. We hypothesized no difference in fungal community diversity and composition, no changes in soil characteristics as well as no changes in cotton growth characteristics between three different conditions (i) no straw return, (ii) straw return under decomposition agent and (iii) straw return under no decomposition agent. It involved analysis of changes in fungal community diversity and composition, changes in soil characteristics as well as changes in cotton growth characteristics under the different treatments. The phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were in relatively in highest abundance within the straw return under decomposition agent treatment than in both the straw return treatment and straw return under no decomposition agent treatment. The pathogenic genus Aspergillus as the most dominant under no straw return treatment, while genus Trechispora, Lulwaona and Dioszegia were most dominant under straw return under no decomposition agent treatment. Indeed, there was high fungal community dissimilarity between the three treatments. Additionally, there was increased rise in fungal diversity, soil nutrients and crop yield under the straw return within the shortest possible time, and the addition of decomposing agent further enhanced the high fungal species diversity.Graphical

Evaluating transfer prediction using machine learning for skill acquisition study under various practice conditions.

Recent research highlighted the interest in 1) investigating the effect of variable practice on the dynamics of learning and 2) modeling the dynamics of motor skill learning to enhance understanding of individual pathways learners. Such modeling has not been suitable for predicting future performance, both in terms of retention and transfer to new tasks. The present study attempted to quantify, by means of a machine learning algorithm, the prediction of skill transfer for three practice conditions in a climbing task: constant practice (without any modifications applied during learning), imposed variable practice (with graded contextual modifications, i.e., the variants of the climbing route), and self-controlled variable practice (participants were given some control over their variant practice schedule). The proposed pipeline allowed us to measure the fitness of the test to the dataset, i.e., the ability of the dataset to be predictive of the skill transfer test. Behavioral data are difficult to model with statistical learning and tend to be 1) scarce (too modest data sample in comparison with the machine learning standards) and 2) flawed (data tend to contain voids in measurements). Despite these adversities, we were nevertheless able to develop a machine learning pipeline for behavioral data. The main findings demonstrate that the level of learning transfer varies, according to the type of practice that the dynamics pertain: we found that the self-controlled condition is more predictive of generalization ability in learners than the constant condition.

Workforce Characteristics of Early Career Neonatologists and Comparison of Practice Sites.

Transitioning into the early career physician workforce is a uniquely challenging period in a neonatologist's career. There are limited educational opportunities in fellowship regarding career progression, practice models, and benefits. Understanding these factors are key when searching for employment. This study evaluates the early career neonatologist (ECN) workforce and employment characteristics to improve identification of professional needs. An anonymous 59-question cross-sectional survey was distributed in July 2020 to members of the American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Neonatal Perinatal Medicine Trainees and Early Career Neonatologists (TECaN). The survey instrument was designed using SurveyMonkey and assessed search methods for identifying employers, employment contract details, and professional duties. Questions addressed clinical service time, level of acuity, protected research time, financial compensation, benefits, job search methods, and promotion requirements. Comparisons were drawn between respondents exclusively working in a university-based setting and respondents employed in nonuniversity locations. Responses were collected using SurveyMonkey and then extracted to a Microsoft Excel Workbook for analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS version 9.4. Of 1,302 eligible members, 348 people responded (26.7%). Forty-six percent of respondents worked in a university setting and 54% worked in a nonuniversity setting. Using employment site as a discriminator, significant differences were noted in scheduling models. University-located respondents were more likely to work 2-week block schedules, fewer weekend/weeknight call, less clinical weeks per year, and more research/administrative weeks per year. Between university and nonuniversity located positions, benefits were largely comparable, while factors perceived as influential toward promotion varied depending on practice site. This study provides ECNs with a contemporary workforce description vital to graduating TECaN seeking employment or renegotiating professional obligations. While benefits were largely similar based on practice site, promotion factors and scheduling models may vary depending on location. · Data specific to informing employment decisions for graduating Trainees and Early Career Neonatologists are limited.. · This study provides benchmarks for evaluating employment opportunities presented to early career neonatologists.. · Practice site can influence promotion factors..