Practical Orientation Research Articles

Digital Transformation of Optimal Decision-making in Economic and Engineering Systems Based on the Theory and Methods of Vector Optimization

Objective: The purpose of the work is to analyze, study the processes of digital transformation and make optimal decisions in economic and engineering systems based on the theories and methods of vector optimization. Methods: Methods for studying the processes of digital transformation of economic and engineering systems are based on the author's theory of vector optimization, which is represented by: axiomatics and optimality principles that show how one solution is better than another. On the basis of the principles of optimality, constructive methods for solving vector problems have been built, firstly, with equivalent criteria, and, secondly, with a given priority of the criterion: https://rdcu.be/bhZ8i (Springer Nature's "Vector optimization with equivalent and priority criteria" is distributed free of charge.) The paper presents that the problem of accepting the optimal process is carried out as a result of the digital transformation of the initial (statistical, experimental) data into vector problems in optimization, which represents a mathematical model of economic and engineering systems. Depending on the number and type of criteria, we solve problems with a vector of criteria, each component of which is directed to the maximum, and with a vector of criteria, each component of which is aimed at a minimum, in aggregate. Results: The result of the study is the practical orientation of digital transformation, which is shown in the computer-aided design of economic and engineering systems based on vector optimization. For this purpose, software for solving vector problems of linear and nonlinear programming has been developed. Linear vector problems are used in economic systems (forecasting, planning). Software for solving vector problems of nonlinear programming are used digital transformation of optimal decision-making in engineering problems. Conclusion: In conclusion, numerical examples in the field of economic systems are presented by the digital transformation of optimal decision-making in the development of the company. When making optimal decisions in engineering systems, the following has been developed: the construction of initial data (technical task) for modeling; transformation of a mathematical model under uncertainty into a model under conditions of certainty; making an optimal decision with equivalent criteria; making the optimal decision with a given priority criterion

From De-Emphasizing Public Health and Social Measures for Covid-19 to Vaccine Acceptance: An Analysis of Two Tanzanian Administration’s Responses to Covid-19

Recent global public health literature on politics and pandemics has explored the diversity of African political leaders’ responses to COVID-19. In this article, analysis is done of two Tanzanian administrations’ responses to COVID-19 to show how they departed from each other. For instance, the late President John Magufuli’s administration promoted ‘Afrocentric’ medical knowledge, endogenous initiatives, and spiritual prowess while de-emphasizing ‘Western’ biomedical and public health measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19. His successor, President Samia Suluhu Hassan’s administration, however, favoured and promoted public health and social interventions and authorized the importation and use of COVID-19 vaccines in Tanzania. Drawing on document analysis and in-depth interviews, argument is built on the concept of ‘Contested Truths’ and geopolitics of power and knowledge to argue that the approach taken by President Magufuli’s administration in curbing the spread of COVID-19 appeared as progressive because it articulated a decolonial turn, and gave people moral and practical orientation to navigate a highly uncertain time in their lives. However, it lacked the robustness for controlling the pandemic as it drew on a non-evidence-based approach. The intervention of President Hassan’s administration, instead, drew on evidence-based medicine and public health measures to curb the spread of COVID-19, as championed by global North epistemologies. This article emphasizes the significance of considering diverse COVID-19 responses and the various aspirations these responses serve within a nation and internationally.

Моделювання інноваційних програм розвитку комунікативної компетентности публічних службовців

The study highlights the issue of the development of the communicative competence of civil servants, heads of local state administrations, their first deputies and assistants, officials of local self-government, and local council deputies.
 The study focuses on the dynamics of advanced training programs offered for the continuous personal and professional development of persons authorized to perform the functions of the state and local self-government in the professional training system, the priority directions (topics) of which are: ways to improve the mastery level of the Ukrainian business language, communication and interaction, strategic communications, etc. The analysis is carried out on the case study materials of the Volyn Regional Center for Professional Development (formerly the Volyn Regional Center for Retraining and Professional Development of employees of state and local self-government bodies, state enterprises, institutions, and organizations). The author has considerable experience in cooperation with the Center from 2008 to 2023, in particular in the field of development and implementation of general and special short-term advanced professional training programs. Emphasis is laid on the need for more active implementation of distance learning technologies in the organization of the educational process, which is not limited to telecommunication. The study elucidates the specifics and content dominants of training programs for professional development in the context of the main aspects of language and communication activities of public servants at the beginning of the 21st century: work with documents (in particular, in the electronic document management system), the ability to conduct interpersonal and social dialogue (especially with the use of media), taking into account the principles of barrier-free communication, and the ability to speak in public.
 The study findings made it possible to design innovative programs/projects for the development of the communicative competence of public servants, which were developed following the principle of the practical orientation of training, taking into account military-political, social, and economic factors, as well as the individual needs of training participants (according to questionnaires), in particular, in conditions of martial law and post-war period.

ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AND EDUCATION OF FUTURE BIOLOGY TEACHERS

The article reviews and analyzes the state of environmental education and upbringing of future biology teachers. The purpose of the article is to establish the role of economic education in the education of future teachers of biology. To test the research hypothesis, various methods were used: conversation, observation, survey, questionnaire, methods of mathematical statistics for quantitative and qualitative analysis of experimental data, determination of the reliability of the results. The methodological basis for revealing the essence of the state of environmental education and upbringing of future biology teachers at the present stage of society's development is based on various approaches and principles. The necessity of improving and saturating the content of the educational process with environmental material and creating appropriate conditions for the environmental education of future biology teachers is proved. Environmental education and upbringing are becoming the core of modern education and serve as a key to the restructuring of its modern systems and society as a whole. The role of environmental education as the basis of a new morality and a support for solving numerous issues of people's practical life is especially relevant.The basic principles of environmental education and upbringing of future biology teachers are revealed, such as: the principle of practical orientation, the principle of continuity and consistency, the principle of activity and consciousness, the principle of nature correspondence, the principle of interdisciplinarity. The main approaches to the development of environmental education and upbringing are highlighted: natural science, naturalistic, global-biospheric, problematic, and value-based. The current state of development of environmental education and upbringing is characterized by the search for new ways of cooperation between teachers and students, during which the latter become initiative, independent and creative individuals.

THE RELEVANCE OF EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS AS AN INDICATOR OF THE QUALITY OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING

The demand for educational programs is measured by several indicators, one of which is the quality of professional training. In turn, the indicator of the quality of specialist training in this context is the demand in the labor market. All these opportunities are provided by the educational programs of the Department of General and Applied Psychology of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University. The review of the department's educational programs demonstrates a high practice orientation in their implementation, a wide range of activities offered to students, an excellent base for training highly qualified psychologists of various profiles and levels (from bachelor to Doctor of Sciences). Keywords: educational program, practice orientation, demand competitiveness, quality of professional training, monitoring the demand for graduates

PROBLEM OF OPTIMAL SELECTION OF INFORMATION RESOURCES FOR THE INTERNATIONAL PATENT SEARCH OF METALLURGICAL MATTERS

The continuous digitization of patent information sources and the emergence of new world leaders in metallurgical science and production necessitate the correction of traditional approaches to international patent searches, which are carried out by specialists of science & technology libraries for users-inventors. The authors have compiled an exhaustive register of existing national and international electronic patent databases (EPDB), which includes 49 titles and covers the patent offices of countries, whose joint share in steel production, as of 2022, reaches 99% of the world total. Thus, the widest possible breadth of international patent search in the metallurgical field was determined. In order to spare the working time of library specialists and save resources while performing this type of search, the task of its optimization was formulated and subsequently solved. The study developed three possible scenarios of patent search, which include 11, 5 and 1 recommended electronic databases. The authors have carried out a comparative analysis of the three largest multinational free-access EBDBs: Patentscope, Espacenet and Depatisnet. It is determined that Espacenet contains the most complete and up-to-date collection of metallurgical patents and, therefore, is best suited for this type of search. In general, the research has a pronounced practical orientation and is intended to give the specialists of science & technology libraries tools and guidance for performing international patent searches in modern conditions and, thus, to improve the quality of user service. In addition, the obtained work results made it possible to determine promising directions for replenishment of library funds.

ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT IN THE ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

The purpose of the article is to study the organizational and methodological principles of conducting an environmental audit in order to develop directions for increasing the effectiveness of the environmental management system at the enterprise. The relevance of conducting an environmental audit as a component of the enterprise's environmental management system is determined. The important role of organizing an environmental audit and determining existing environmental risks in the company's activities is indicated. The historical aspects of the formation of environmental audit are highlighted. The description of the environmental management system (EMAS) and the specific features of its activity are given. The regulatory and legal framework, which is guided by the auditor when conducting an audit, is defined. The purpose and tasks of conducting an environmental audit are revealed. The functions of environmental audit are defined. The essence of mandatory and voluntary environmental audit is considered. The types of environmental audit are characterized from the point of view of the purposes of its implementation: verification of compliance with legal requirements, audit within the scope of environmental insurance, audit during the passage of environmental certification, audit for the purpose of investment evaluation, audit of enterprises that cause damage to the environment. The requirements for an environmental audit are determined (independence, comprehensiveness, documentation, practical orientation) and the characteristics of the principles of its conduct are given. The peculiarities of the formation of an information array for conducting an environmental audit, which is grouped by the components of sustainable development (economic, ecological and social), are highlighted. The stages of the audit of the environmental sphere of the enterprise's activity have been established (preparatory, main, final). Emphasis is placed on drawing up an audit opinion, which provides the results of an audit on the compliance of the enterprise's environmental policy with current legislation and other issues that provide information on the effectiveness of the environmental activities of the business entity. Environmental audit methods used by auditors during an environmental audit are specified. The advantages provided to the business entity by conducting an environmental audit are determined.

Philosophical Foundations of the Transformation of the Judicial Method of Rights Protection in the Context of the Creation of a Unified Information Space of the EEU

The article is devoted to the study of the dispute resolution procedure by the EAEU Court in the context of creating a single information space of the member countries of this integration association. Within the framework of the theoretical and practical orientation of this study, special attention is paid to conceptual problems related to the description of key social and digital phenomena that arise in the process of implementing the digital agenda and its impact on the judicial method of protecting the rights and legitimate interests of citizens and business entities. The transition to digital or electronic justice will increase the efficiency of the EAEU Court and create the most attractive conditions for the parties to the dispute to protect their rights and legitimate interests. Digitalization provides for large-scale changes in the field of justice, the emergence of new means of proof, the introduction of an electronic form of cases, remote court sessions all this leads to a change in the fundamental principles of legal proceedings. The solution to this problem should begin with the creation of a comprehensive program of legislative changes to the judicial method of protecting rights related to their digital transformation within the EAEU.

PRAGMATIC IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ADVANCE CARE PLANNING INITIATIVE: MOVING KNOWLEDGE INTO ACTION

Abstract Primary care is an important setting for patient and family-centered communication with older adults given the high frequency of interactions, longitudinal trusted relationships, and patient preferences for advance care planning (ACP). Increasing ACP conversations and documentation of advance directives in primary care is a focus of quality-of-care initiatives and is particularly relevant for older adults, including those with dementia. The SHARING Choices ACP program evaluation was designed to examine the fidelity of implementation with the two partner health systems. SHARING Choices includes a mailing (introductory letter, an agenda-setting checklist, a blank advance directive, and information about shared-portal access for family) sent two weeks prior to scheduled primary care visits for patients aged 65 and above along with access to an ACP facilitator in each practice. Embedding SHARING Choices within primary care practices involved a multi-step process, including onboarding of health system partners, facilitator identification and training, tailored onboarding, practice champion engagement, and practice orientation and ongoing support. Of 23,220 candidate patients, 17,931 outreach attempts by phone (77.9%) and the patient portal (22.1%) were made by ACP facilitators and 645 conversations occurred. Most conversations (94.8%) were less than 45 minutes in duration. Study findings reinforce the value of adaptable study design; co-designing workflow adaptations with frontline staff; adapting implementation processes to fit the operational and organizational priorities of the health system.

Modern algorithm of linear and quadratic programming in optimization and problems of deformation of structures of variable structure in contact conditions

Various mathematical problems, in which the goal of finding the extremum of a functional is set, belong to the problems of mathematical programming and optimization problems. Practically directed problems of finding the optimal solution are extremely numerous in economics, management, technology, and others. They are related to increasing production efficiency, reducing resource costs, improving design solutions and technological processes, reducing mass, dimensions, etc. Among them, an important role is given to the methods of limiting the maximum stresses caused by external loads. Solving such problems begins with mathematical formalization. Constructive, economic or technological indicators are chosen as variation parameters. The search for the best solution is reduced to the selection of a set of parameters that provide a stationary value of the objective function. Extreme problems of practical orientation contain equality-inequality constraints in mathematical models. In improving the technical characteristics of machines, a significant role belongs to engineering and technical workers, who find optimal options at the design stage. At the same time, an essential element of the design process is the modeling of the determining processes in structures, taking into account the main influencing factors and behavior scenarios. Optimization is an important area of applied mathematics that provides effective tools for such modeling. Universal Algorithm is proposed in work [3] – a numerous scheme for solving quadratic programming (QP) problems for calculating the optimal point of a wide range of applied problems. At the same time, the linear programming (LP) problem is considered as a partial case of the (QP) problem. That is, in the universal algorithm for setting 2 optimization problems, they are formalized in a single and convenient form of symmetric matrix dependence, which makes it possible to build a single effective algorithm based on matrix algebra operations. In particular, it allows you to consider the practical tasks of calculating VAT in constructions of a variable structure consisting of separate parts connected by one-way connections. The main goal of this work is to analyze the behavior of the algorithm when increasing the number of constraints of the inequality type, to refine the computational scheme, and to formulate conclusions. Two model problems are considered as examples of the algorithm. This is a classic "transport" problem of LP and the behavior of a model of a bridge structure with one-way connections in cables under variations of wind loads. The number of ropes has been increased to 20, and the limits of one-way connections to 40.

Концептуализация публичной дипломатии в конструктивистской парадигме

In this article the author based on the results of his research makes an attempt to conceptualize public diplo-macy through the prism of the constructivist paradigm, one of the main ones in the science of international rela-tions. The author explains the low demand for the recognized paradigms of international relations research in the analysis of public diplomacy (the emphasis on states in the paradigms and the practical orientation of most studies of public diplomacy); reviews the central tenets of constructivism (the priority of social factors and the subjective nature of the international system) and the works in which it serves as a methodological platform. The author comes to the conclusion that in constructivism public diplomacy is interpreted as a means of form-ing, maintaining and adjusting the image of a particular state in the international arena. Its substantive, spatio-temporal and organizational aspects, if we adhere to constructivism, depend on the identity and roles of the actor who develops and implements it.

Технологии формирования функциональной грамотности

The article describes the concept of functional literacy, provides approaches to understanding its components, and also presents a technology aimed at developing this skill using digital tools. One of the problems of school education is the formalism of knowledge and the inability of students to apply subject knowledge to solve life problems in various fields, in connection with which the issue of forming and increasing the level of functional literacy of modern schoolchildren becomes relevant. This work has a systematic and complex character and should be carried out within the framework of both classroom and extracurricular activities. The article focuses on the formation and improvement of the level of functional literacy in computer science lessons as a science characterized by interdisciplinarity, fundamentality and practice orientation. A technology for the formation of functional literacy based on B. Bloom's hierarchy of educational goals which includes six levels is proposed, the article also presents technologies and tools for the implementation of educational goals in accordance with the types of activities at each level.

Possibilities and limitations of national guidelines based on the example of pediatric urology guidelines from the Pediatric Urology Working Group of the Austrian Society for Urology and Andrology (ÖGU)

Medical guidelines are defined as practical orientation and decision-making aids; they are legally defined as noncommittal recommendations. International guidelines are written in very general terms, especially in the case of heterogeneous clinical pictures (e.g., vesicoureteral reflux). Could national guidelines based on international recommendations become authoritative as specific treatment recommendations for the various specialist groups? The value of international and national guidelines was assessed using the example case history of achild affected with vesicoureteral reflux. Due to the various therapeutic possibilities according to various guidelines, the child received unfavorable, incongruent, delayed, and repeated unsuccessful attempts with different treatment regimes CONCLUSION: Due to the nonbinding nature of general guidelines, there is arisk of suboptimal therapy. National guidelines aimed at individualized treatment recommendations should aim for higher medical and legal status.

Agenda-setting for education reform: the case of the Vision Statement for the Future of Scottish Education

ABSTRACT Policy cycles are initiated via a variety of context-bound causal drivers. In situations where systemic reform is desired, agenda-setting is vital to this process. This paper examines ‘The National Discussion on Scottish Education’, which was a sequence of stakeholder engagements promoted as a listening exercise to enable policy agenda-setting for a period of education reform. By considering key elements of the context of education reform in Scotland, the design of the stakeholder engagement process, the published outcome of the process, and by reflecting on the purposes underpinning these, this paper examines the conceptual bases upon which the National Discussion and the Vision Statement that arose from it were founded. The intention to create a vision that was both consensual and compelling was challenging to realise in practice. However, the focus on communitarian values evinced through the Vision Statement offers a helpful orientation for future policymaking and professional practice in education, suggesting the important interrelationship between vision and values for agenda-setting in policy.

The Method of Mathematical Modeling in Teaching Solving Applied Problems to Secondary School Students

The article describes the relevance of using the method of mathematical modeling in teaching students to solve applied problems, explains the concept of mathematical modeling and considers various ways to use this method in solving problems with practical content. In the course of the research work, psychological, pedagogical, methodological literature was analyzed, as well as a review of domestic and foreign research in the field of information technology and their use in the classroom. The necessity of teaching mathematical modeling in the school course of mathematics is theoretically substantiated. It is shown that the rich resource of mathematics, concentrating the knowledge necessary in everyday life, plays an important role in the intellectual development of the individual, as well as in his professional development, for solving practical problems, orientation and communication in society and life, in the surrounding space as a whole. The article also shows the expediency of preparing students for the study of real situations using mathematical modeling. The authors believe that the use of computer mathematical systems is justified, since it allows stimulating the activity of students in a secondary school, improving the quality of education, raising the professional level of a teacher, and diversifying the forms of communication between participants in the educational process. In addition, the authors believe that the use of computer mathematical systems in the classroom, visualization of information is a great advantage for students to receive it.

FEATURES OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PEDAGOGICAL REFERENDARIAT PROGRAM ON THE BASIS OF THE INTERN PLATFORM

The article describes the creation of an interactive INTERN platform, which is considered as a communicative and intellectual resource integrating various components, as an opportunity for inter-partner interaction, including the involvement of interested bodies and business structures, and will be aimed at building effective communication and exchange of experience, cooperation and partnership, which, in turn, will contribute to the formation of a transparent scientific and educational environment for the exchange of knowledge, competencies, the expansion of professional and interuniversity ties with existing partners and collaboration of teachers. The article presents the schematic structure of the INTERN innovation platform, which includes various mechanisms that allow implementing the communicative resistance of the program. The purpose of the Program is to develop and implement a new format for training young teachers through a pedagogical scholarship, which will allow us to reach a new advanced quality of this training; increase the number of stakeholders involved in the process, i.e. make it transparent and redistribute resources to strengthen the practical orientation of training; create a new vector of interaction ‘school – university’; attract future applicants to the university's educational programs for teachers, which, ultimately, will contribute to increasing the competitiveness and demand for the teaching profession. The target audience of our program are teachers with experience of pedagogical activity from 0 to 3 years.

Teacher's research activity in the context of updating the content of education

Relevance. The development of society in the XXI century assumes the importance of the teacher's role in the direction of increasing the research function, which will be able to actualize the student's position in the educational process. Whereas, the research activity of a teacher characterizes his ability to adapt to educational demands in the VUCA, to act effectively and teach in conditions of uncertainty, to apply the knowledge gained by experience and implement it into his own pedagogical program. Purpose. Kazakhstan according to UNDP, the goal of integration into the global educational space has been updating the content and structure of secondary education for more than 10 years. Methodology. This renewal of education presupposes the overcoming of traditionalism in teaching and the gradual introduction of a new model of education, in which cognitive activity and independent thinking of schoolchildren are encouraged. “One of the main tasks of school education today is to prepare students for the rapid perception and processing of large amounts of information, to equip them with modern means and technologies of work, to form their information culture.” Results. The main objectives of the state educational policy in the Concept of modernization of secondary education until 2025 are to ensure continuous processes of updating education, innovative orientation of educational practice at school, changing the function of the teacher in connection with new requirements for his personality. From a translator of knowledge and experience, the teacher must transform into an organizer-facilitator in the construction of a developing and educational environment. Conclusions. The teacher of the new model must systematically perceive the pedagogical reality, freely navigate in it, design, construct creative, student-oriented pedagogical systems, freely navigate in the subject area and possess relevant educational technologies. The research culture becomes the basic element in the new teacher model.

ПОСТРОЕНИЕ СИСТЕМНОГО ПОДХОДА К ОБУЧЕНИЮ ПЕРСОНАЛА АО «ТРАНСНЕФТЬ-УРАЛ» В УСЛОВИЯХ ИМПОРТОЗАМЕщЕНИЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННОГО ОБОРУДОВАНИЯ

At the moment, global geopolitical tensions have an impact on all areas of economic activity in the Russian Federation through the introduction of economic sectoral sanctions. Together with the reform of the education system, this entails an additional burden on the system of training qualified specialists in various sectors of the Russian economy. An acute shortage of specialists with the necessary knowledge, skills and abilities hinders the process of import substitution. As a result, to solve the problem of professional training of employees in the current economic conditions, a strategic model of professional training of personnel is proposed. The scientific novelty lies in the proposed model of a systematic approach to personnel training, based on the practical orientation of the proposed solutions and aimed at achieving a strategy for import substitution of production equipment of the JSC «Transneft-Ural» organization. The practical significance is the developed systematic approach to personnel training, which ensures the formation of competencies among the employees of the organization of JSC «Transneft-Ural», to work on new production equipment in the conditions of its import substitution.

New technologies in law as a highly effective means of implementing the constitutional principle of equality in conditions of multi-level legal regulation

The relevance of the research is due to the significant complication of public relations, their high dynamism, rapid growth of new technologies in the development of modern law and its focus on the implementation of the constitutional principle of equality. An attempt is made to substantiate that the social orientation of the Russian Federation and the use of high technologies in law allows to expand the range of subjects entitled to adopt the norms of primary regulation; as a result, legal regulation necessarily acquires a multi-level character, and high-tech law, due to new properties (feasibility, logistics, research intensity) acts as an effective means of implementing the principle of equality in specific legal relations. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the role of high technologies as an effective means of implementing the constitutional principle of equality in conditions of multi-level legal regulation. The materials for the research are the works of legal scholars, as well as specialists in the field of philosophy, theory of law, sociology, technology, legal practice, regulatory legal framework of the federal, regional, municipal and local levels, and the author’s practical experience in law enforcement and teaching. The research employs the following methodology. The findings are based on general scientific research methods: dialectical, systematic, logical, sociological, as well as private scientific and special. The Results may be formulated as follows: it is proved that new technologies in law significantly correct the basic theoretical principles of primary legal regulation, its paradigms and practical orientation, develop the idea of a multi-level and integrative nature of legal regulation. The author’s interpretation of the concepts of “equality”, “multilevel legal regulation” is suggested. The mechanisms of high technologies in the realization of legal equality are revealed. The positive results of the application of digital public administration, artificial intelligence, e-government, etc. in multi-level legal regulation are demonstrated.

Ib in Middle School (Ib Myp): A Case Study of Teachers’ Needs

This article presents the results of an empirical study of learners’ needs analysis to design a potential training course to adapt teachers to work in a middle school with International Baccalaureate (IB MYP) programs. The purpose of the study was to identify learning needs as well as gaps and expectations, preferred formats, amount of time that teachers in Russian schools have available for professional development courses in IB MYP programs. Using a survey method, the study identifies learning preferences of teachers as participants in a potential course: practice orientation, attention to documentation, preferred topics and formats of work. The learning needs analysis also revealed barriers that may prevent teachers from effectively engaging in professional development, including lack of time, conceptual complexity of the material, lack of institutional support and lack of professional guidance. The Learning Needs Analysis has proven to be a convenient, relatively simple, flexible, and effective tool for subsequent course design. The authors conclude that it is versatile for courses of varying focus and duration and suggest a number of ways to make the method more useful for understanding the learning context of specific groups by adding sociometric questions.