Usage Practices Research Articles

Developing a validated assessment of artificial intelligence literacy for Chinese university students based on educational objectives taxonomy

Artificial intelligence (AI) literacy is a concept that has received increasing research focus due to the wide integration of AI technology into education. However, there are few available scales for assessing AI literacy in university students that are deeply grounded in a theoretical model. Thus, this study aims to develop and validate a questionnaire for use in the Chinese higher education context. Based on Bloom’s Taxonomy and existing relevant literature, we proposed a five-construct structure with 63 items for this scale. Using survey data from 386 participants, we employed an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to determine the underlying factorial constructs. A further sample of 401 participants underwent a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to test the latent domains, reliability, and validity of the structure. The findings significantly identified an updated AI literacy model with five dimensions, namely AI knowledge, AI application, AI attitude, AI ethics, and AI innovation. This first scale with clear capacity categories for measuring Chinese university students’ levels of AI literacy is regionally unique. It could contribute to the advancement of AI literacy in research, as well as the evaluation of students’ knowledge and skills and the promotion of effective usage in practice.

Ferritin nanoparticles: new strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system diseases.

Ferritin nanocarriers, which can penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB), have gained significant research interest for the diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including gliomas, Alzheimer's disease, and brain metastases. In recent years, ferritin has been proved as a candidate to cross the BBB using receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT) mechanism through transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) which is overexpressed in the cells of the BBB. Various types of cargo molecules, including therapeutics, imaging agents, nucleic acids, and metal nanoparticles, have been incorporated into ferritin nanocages for the diagnosis and treatment of CNS diseases. In particular, low immunogenicity of ferritin implies safety for its usage in clinical practices, and high biocompatibility add to the perspectives of its applications. Furthermore, contemporary strides in molecular biology have enabled some alteration in the configuration of the ferritin outer layers and surface characters so as to enhance the drug encapsulation capacity and conjugation affinity. Such modifications not only enhance the property of ferritin in crossing the BBB, but also enhance its efficacy when applied to CNS diseases. In summary, ferritin, as a drug delivery system, shows great potential for the treatment and diagnosis of central nervous system diseases.

Knowledge, Perception and Practice of Mercury-Containing Cosmetics among Malaysian Adults

Locally, mercury-containing products are easily accessible due to a lack of regulations. Thus, this study aims to determine the prevalence of mercury-containing cosmetics usage among Malaysian adults, identify their knowledge of the negative effects of the products, and assess their perception of skin tone preferences, focusing on sociodemographic factors. The study was conducted cross-sectionally among Malaysian adults. The questionnaire was divided into four dimensions; i) sociodemographic factors, ii) knowledge of mercury-containing cosmetics, iii) perception of skin tone preferences, and iv) practice of usage of mercury-containing cosmetics. Descriptive analyses, t-tests, one-way ANOVA and Pearson’s Chi-square test were performed by using SPSS. A 100% response rate was achieved, and they were predominantly female (82.0%) and Malay (94.3%). The participants’ knowledge score and perception score were 25.81/30 (5.62) and 35.83/50 (8.44) respectively. The respondents were highly knowledgeable about mercury-containing cosmetics and had high positive perceptions regarding skin perception and preference. The selection of mercury-containing cosmetics is influenced by factors including the list of ingredients, affordability, and availability on online platforms. The practice of usage of mercury-containing cosmetics shows a low prevalence (7.25%). Significant differences were found in perception scores of skin preferences based on gender (p=0.024) and geographic region (p=0.023) but not in knowledge scores. Malaysian adults have a low prevalence of mercury-containing cosmetics usage, possibly due to knowledge of its adverse effects and positive skin tone preferences. Future studies are needed to establish the association between usage prevalence, knowledge, and perception. Gender and geographic factors significantly influence perceptions, necessitating targeted awareness campaigns.

Differences in the palliative care phase between patients with nonmalignant pulmonary disease and lung cancer: a retrospective study

BackgroundPatients with chronic nonmalignant pulmonary disease and lung cancer both need palliative care, but palliative care services may be better adjusted to serve cancer patients. We compared the timing and clinical practice of palliative care and acute hospital usage during the last year of life in patients with nonmalignant pulmonary disease or lung cancer.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of all patients in a palliative care phase (palliative goal of care) with nonmalignant pulmonary disease or lung cancer who were treated at Tampere University Hospital, Finland, during the years 2018–2020. The data were collected from the hospital’s medical records. Comparisons between the groups were performed by using the Pearson chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, or Mann‒Whitney U test when appropriate. Survival was estimated by using the Kaplan‒Meier method.ResultsThe study population consisted of 107 patients with nonmalignant pulmonary disease and 429 patients with lung cancer. Patients with nonmalignant pulmonary disease survived longer in the palliative care phase than patients with lung cancer (115 vs. 59 days, p < 0.001). Compared to lung cancer patients, patients with nonmalignant disease received a palliative care specialist consultation more often during hospitalization (66% vs. 45%, p < 0.001) than during a preplanned outpatient visit (6% vs. 52%, p < 0.001), were less likely to be referred to palliative care pathway (79% vs. 87%, p = 0.033), and spent more days in an acute care hospital during the last year of life (median of 10 vs. 6 days, p = 0.023). Contrary to lung cancer patients, referral to the palliative care pathway was not significantly associated with decreased acute hospital resource usage during the last month of life among patients with nonmalignant pulmonary disease.ConclusionsCompared to lung cancer patients, patients with nonmalignant pulmonary disease had longer palliative care phases but fewer visits to the palliative care outpatient clinic and fewer referrals to the palliative care pathways. Palliative care arrangements seemed to have more influence on the end-of-life care of lung cancer patients. There is a need for long-term palliative care services with better abilities to meet the special needs of patients with nonmalignant pulmonary disease.

Use of Learning Analytics in K–12 Mathematics Education

The generation, use, and analysis of educational data comes with many promises and opportunities, especially where digital materials allow usage of learning analytics (LA) as a tool in data-based decision-making (DBDM). However, there are questions about the interplay between teachers, students, context, and technology. Therefore, this paper presents an exploratory systematic scoping review to investigate findings regarding LA usage in digital materials, teaching, and learning in K–12 mathematics education. In all, 3,654 records were identified, of which 19 studies met all the inclusion criteria. Results show that LA research in mathematics education is an emerging field where applications of LA are used in many contexts across many curricula content and standards of K–12 mathematics education, supporting a wide variety of teacher data use. Teaching with DBDM is mainly focused on supervision and guidance and LA usage had a generally positive effect on student learning with high-performing students benefiting most. We highlight a need for further research to develop knowledge of LA usage in classroom practice that considers both teacher and student perspectives in relation to design and affordances of digital learning systems. Finally, we propose a new class of LA, which we define as guiding analytics for learners, which harnesses the potential of LA for promoting achievement and independent learning.

Identifying Phonological Interference of Indonesian Multilingual Learners at Reading Test with Genre-Based Approach Perspective and AI Tool

The present study is succinct summary which aims to identify factors of phonological cross linguistic influence faced by students of secondary bilingual boarding school, an educational institution that utilizes English and Arabic as medium of instruction. The subjects of this research are cross-ethnic students with diverse linguistic backgrounds, including Indonesian, Javanese, Madurese, Sundanese, Arabic, and English as their first language (henceforth, L1) to fifth languages (henceforth, L5). This research adopted qualitative descriptive research design and employed a purposive sampling method. 23 Students were selected as informants for this research, representing 25% of the total social situation in eleventh grade. Content analysis, reading test, and interview were used as data collection techniques. The test analysis result conducted using AI tools (ELSA Speak application) to measure pronunciation errors, intonation, and fluency in English. The data analysis technique followed the steps proposed by Miles et al., (2014), which include the data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusion. The findings of this research revealed that Phonological Cross Linguistic Influence is attributed to two primary factors, technical factors and fundamental factors. Technical factors consist of: (1) Differences in the sound system of the languages, (2) Similarity of sounds between two languages. On the other hand, fundamental factors comprise: (1) Student’s linguistic background, (2) Student’s motivation, (3) Language habits/ attitudes (lack of practice and intensity of native language usage), (4) Learning environment (teacher’s lack of creativity and learning’s lack of program evaluation). Furthermore, the result reading test of 23 participants (SLA: Indigenous, Indonesia, Arabic, and English) using ELSA Speak show 9 different phonological interference of 28 vowels /??/; /a?/; /æ/; /??/; /?/; /a?/; /??/; /?:/; /??/ which 65% for L3, and 75% for L4. While 5 consonant /?/; /?/; /ð/; /?/; /?/ which 78% for L3, and 92% for L4. This difficulty was faced due to grammatical limitation, structure in building conversation, and accuracy detection. Implication of this study for EFL Materials, English curriculum policy makers and educators to be aware and emphasizing vocabularies which need to be emphasized Indonesians’ learners.

Development of Periapical Index Score Classification System in Periapical Radiographs Using Deep Learning.

Periapical index (PAI) scoring system is the most popular index for evaluating apical periodontitis (AP) on radiographs. It provides an ordinal scale of 1 to 5, ranging from healthy to severe AP. Scoring PAI is a time-consuming process and requires experienced dentists; thus, deep learning has been applied to hasten the process. However, most models failed to score the early stage of AP or the score 2 accurately since it shares very similar characteristics with its adjacent scores. In this study, we developed and compared binary classification methods for PAI scores which were normality classification method and health-disease classification method. The normality classification method classified PAI score 1 as Normal and Abnormal for the rest of the scores while the health-disease method classified PAI scores 1 and 2 as Healthy and Diseased for the rest of the scores. A total of 2266 periapical root areas (PRAs) from 520 periapical radiographs (Pas) were selected and scored by experts. GoogLeNet, AlexNet, and ResNet convolutional neural networks (CNNs) were used in this study. Trained models' performances were evaluated and then compared. The models in the normality classification method achieved the highest accuracy of 75.00%, while the health-disease method models performed better with the highest accuracy of 83.33%. In conclusion, CNN models performed better in classification when grouping PAI scores 1 and 2 together in the same class, supporting the health-disease PAI scoring usage in clinical practice.

Assessment of the compliance of phytosanitary product usage practices and their impact on the environment: Case of the Bechar region (Algeria)

Assessment of the compliance of phytosanitary product usage practices and their impact on the environment: Case of the Bechar region (Algeria)

Validation Against Polysomnography of a Transthoracic Impedance Sensor for Screening of Sleep Apnea in Heart Failure Patients: A Pooled Analysis of AIRLESS and UPGRADE.

Background/Introduction: Cardiac implantable electronic devices and their integrated thoracic impedance sensors have been used to detect sleep apnea for over a decade now. Despite their usage in daily clinical practice, there are only limited data on their diagnostic accuracy. Methods: AIRLESS and UPGRADE were prospective investigator-driven trials meant to validate the AP scan® (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA, USA) in heart failure cohorts. Patients, who either fulfilled the criteria for implantation of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD), cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), or upgrading to CRT according to most recent guidelines at the time of study conduction, were eligible for enrolment. Sleep apnea and its severity, measured by apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), were assessed by polysomnography. For direct comparison, the apnea sensor-derived AP scan® was used from the identical night. Results: Overall, 80 patients were analyzed. Median AHI was 21.6 events/h (7.1-34.7), while median AP scan® was 33.0 events/h (26.0-43.0). In the overall cohort, the sensor-derived AP scan® correlated significantly with the AHI (r = 0.61, p < 0.001) with a mean difference (MD) of -12.6 (95% confidence interval (CI) -38.2 to 13.0). Furthermore, the AP scan® was found to correlate well with the AHI in patients with obstructive sleep apnea r = 0.73, p = 0.011, MD -5.2, 95% CI -22.7 to 12.3), but not central sleep apnea (r = 0.28, p = 0.348, MD -10.4, 95% CI -35.4 to 14.6). Conclusions: In an exclusive heart failure cohort, the AP scan® correlated well with the PSG-derived AHI. A similar correlation was found in most subgroups except for patients suffering from central sleep apnea.

Socioeconomic factors and test preparation strategies are related to success on the USMLE Step 2 clinical knowledge (CK) exam: a single-institution study

BackgroundSince the elimination of numerical scoring of the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1, the perceived importance of USMLE Step 2 Clinical Knowledge (CK) scores in residency placement has increased. It is known that socioeconomic status (SES) and other demographic factors can be barriers to success in standardized assessment, but few recent studies report the relationship between student demographics, including SES, with Step 2 CK scores in the context of exam practice material access and usage. In this study, we investigated predictors of Step 2 CK success across two years at one institution.MethodsA survey regarding Step 2 CK exam preparation and demographic factors was administered to two student cohorts at a New York medical school in 2022 and 2023. The cohorts were comprised of all students in a given class year who had taken Step 2 CK. De-identified survey responses were linked to metrics including Step 1, Step 2 CK, shelf exam, and Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) scores.ResultsThe mean Step 2 CK score among the respondents (n = 213) was 254 ± 13. There was a strong positive correlation between Step 2 CK score and composite shelf scores (rho = 0.80, p < 0.01). Almost all participants used the UWorld question-bank to prepare for the exam (98.1%), and completion of more than 2500 unique questions was associated with better exam performance (256 vs. 252, p = 0.04). On bivariate analysis, students had significantly lower mean Step 2 CK scores if they self-identified as socioeconomically disadvantaged (SED) (250 vs. 256, p < 0.01) and self-reported that financial limitations prevented them from purchasing study resources (249 vs. 257, p < 0.01). In adjusted models, there was no longer a relationship between self-identified SED and Step 2 CK score (beta=-3.50, 95% CI (-8.25, 1.26), p = 0.15).ConclusionsThis study provides insight into the relationship between exam performance, study habits, and demographic factors at a single institution where students, on average, performed above the national mean on Step 2 CK. Results support that Step 2 CK scores are modulated by a high composite shelf score, number of unique UWorld questions completed, dedicated study period length, and socioeconomic inequity.Trial registrationStudy registered with our institutional IRB (IRB number 20177537).

Thinning and final cutting control in black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) stands: a methodological approach – Short communication

Planning, implementing and inspecting forestry operations require more extent application of certain assessment methods. These methods may need to be improved and, in some cases, their simplification is necessary in order to ease their usage in practice. Knowledge and application of auxiliary tables and functions, data on volume and methods to estimate yields are needed for the planning of any kind of forestry operations, depending on the level of planning. The main purpose of this paper is to propose relatively rapid and simple methods to estimate the volume at thinning and final cutting, and the gross above ground volume at the harvest of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) stands, as well as to introduce tending operation models tailored for black locust. All these measures could be beneficial to forest authorities and foresters who are responsible for planning and production.

Constructing Social Identity through Language: The English Influence in Production of MSMES

This study explores the significant role of English language usage in the production practices of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMES) in Indonesia, particularly focusing on how this linguistic choice reflects social identity within a globalized context. By examining prevalent English terms in product naming—such as "Ready Stock," "Fresh Milk," and "Mango Iced Tea"—the research reveals a deliberate strategy among MSMES producers to position their offerings as modern and appealing to contemporary consumers, especially younger demographics. Interviews with MSMES stakeholders indicate a strong belief that incorporating English enhances product appeal and improves production quantity, underscoring the language's perceived association with quality and sophistication. This dynamic aligns with sociolinguistic theories regarding language as a marker of social identity, where familiarity with English signifies higher social status and aspirational lifestyles. The findings illustrate how MSMES navigates cultural negotiation, blending local heritage with global trends to construct a distinct identity that resonates with both local and international markets. Ultimately, this study highlights the interplay between language, culture, and identity, demonstrating how English usage serves not only as a marketing tool but also as a mechanism for fostering innovation and cultural exchange within Indonesia's culinary landscape. By situating their products within a global narrative, MSMES producers affirm their roles as adaptive and forward-thinking members of an increasingly interconnected world.

Determination of Iodine Concentration in Commonly Consumed Salt and Its Potential Impact on Household Consumers: An Examination and Assessment of Consumed Salt

ABSTRACTIntroductionIodine deficiency disorder (IDD) can lead to health issues as it is necessary for metabolic functions. This study investigated the iodine content of commonly consumed salt and the potential impact on daily iodine requirements and IDDs.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was employed using multistage cluster sampling among 240 households, dividing them into eight clusters from four stratified areas. The sampled salts were analyzed using the World Health Organization's iodometric titration method.ResultsThe study revealed that most salt samples from the studied brands had an iodine content within the Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institution (BSTI) recommended range of 20–50 ppm, with two exceptions. The study found that most socioeconomic groups in cities, towns, and semirural areas meet their daily iodine requirements at over 100%. At the same time, many rural homes, regardless of income, fail to meet these requirements. However, the study found iodized salt in 97.9% of all surveyed households. Although 48.3% of unions, that is, rural respondents, was knowledgeable about the existence of iodized salt, 66.7% of respondents was not aware of the health benefits of iodized salt. Surprisingly, 63.3% of the town's household members and 61.7% of the rural population still consume raw salt. Additionally, 79.6% of individuals reported having no IDDs. However, only 44.2% of thyroid patients used iodine supplements.ConclusionAlthough salt usage and consumption practices are satisfactory, there are still a few concerns about the 100% iodization of branded and raw salts. As a result, many households need help to satisfy their daily iodine requirements.

Awareness Study about the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Plastic Usage and its Ban Among the Rural Population of Kancheepuram District of Tamilnadu, India. of Kancheepuram DistrictOf Tamilnadu, India

Awareness Study about the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Plastic Usage and its Ban Among the Rural Population of Kancheepuram District of Tamilnadu, India. of Kancheepuram DistrictOf Tamilnadu, India

16. KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE OF ANTIBIOTICS USE AND SOME RELATED FACTORS AMONG PEOPLE IN MINH LANG COMMUNE, VU THU DISTRICT, THAI BINH PROVINCE IN 2023

Objectives: To describe the knowledge and practice of people on antibiotics use and analyze some related factors to knowledge and practice of people on antibiotics use in Minh Lang commune, Vu Thu district, Thai Binh province in 2023 Methodology: The study employed a cross-sectional study design with the study sample size of 366 people. Results: Results indicated moderate knowledge prevalence (48.9%) and predominantly high-level antibiotic usage practices (67.5%). Factors influencing knowledge and practices included familial ties to healthcare, exposure to health education campaigns, and proximity to healthcare facilities. Targeted educational interventions are crucial for enhancing understanding and promoting responsible antibiotic usage practices, particularly in rural communities vulnerable to antibiotic resistance.

The Royal College of Ophthalmologists' National Ophthalmology Database study of cataract surgery: report 19, a comparative study of the cost and carbon footprint of local anaesthesia techniques for cataract surgery.

Understanding the financial and environmental impact of clinical pathways is important for designing sustainable services. This study aimed to compare the cost and carbon footprint of sub-Tenon's and topical anaesthesia for cataract surgery, benchmark minimum topical anaesthesia utilisation rates, and quantify the benefits of increased topical anaesthesia usage in the United Kingdom National Health Service (NHS). The cost and carbon footprint of products and staffing for topical and sub-Tenon's anaesthesia for cataract surgery were calculated and applied to National Ophthalmology Database audit data. A mainly process-based approach was used to estimate the carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) of product production, usage, and waste disposal. The typical CO2e per case was 0.71 kg for topical anaesthesia and 1.19 kg for sub-Tenon's anaesthesia. Around a third of CO2e was generated by usage of unneccesary equiptment and wasteful practices. The typical cost per case was £14.60-£17.14 for topical anaesthesia, £27.74 for sub-Tenon's anaesthesia performed by an operating department practitioner and £56.15 for sub-Tenon's anaesthesia performed by a consultant anaesthetist. It is estimated that around 25,000 NHS cataract cases could annually be converted from sub-Tenon's to topical anaesthesia, which would reduce the CO2e emissions of services by 12,000 kg while saving £265,000 on product usage and between £63,500 and £773,750 on staffing. Topical anaesthesia is a cheaper and more environmentally sustainable alternative to sub-Tenon's anaesthesia for cataract surgery. Increased topical anaesthesia usage in cataract services could contribute towards the NHS aspiration of becoming "net zero" by 2040.

Deployment of intelligent irrigation monitoring system with Android app for machine learning prediction.

Water is a fundamental necessity for humans and a critical resource in agriculture. However, water scarcity poses a significant challenge, especially considering that agriculture accounts for a substantial portion of freshwater usage. The inadequate monitoring resources in agriculture lead to unnecessary wastage of water, affecting crop growth and the water supply. This challenge has spurred us to focus on the agricultural domain, aiming to conserve water by imparting intelligence into irrigation systems by converging IoT and machine learning technologies. Our study has proposed a Smart Irrigation System (SIS), designed to operate remotely, leveraging open-source IoT platforms. Utilizing IoT and machine learning methodologies can effectively optimize water usage in irrigation practices. The designed system comprises hardware and software tools, where comprehensive data is monitored through an application interface. The sensor's interface with a 32-bit microcontroller is used to gather data such as environmental temperature, humidity, and soil moisture and temperature. The user (farmer) continuously receives real-time updates about the condition of the farmland through the Blynk app. The app triggers a notification advising the user to start or stop watering based on pre-set threshold values of soil moisture. Additionally, users can control the water pump remotely through the app. The data collected from the deployed smart irrigation system was used to train a machine learning algorithm incorporating weather parameters and soil temperature to predict soil moisture content. This trained model aims to offer guidance for future assessments of unknown soil samples based on the weather conditions.

Understanding the veterinary antibiotic flow in Malawi: complexities, gaps and needs.

Veterinary antibiotics are essential for maintaining animal health and welfare, however, small-scale farmers in Malawi face challenges in accessing them due to limited availability, affordability, and long distances to rural drug retailers. This study mapped the veterinary antibiotic distribution chain, examined the governance structure of the chain, and analyzed access and usage practices among stakeholders in Malawi. Data were collected through focus group discussions (n = 15), key informant interviews (n = 6) and individual interviews (n = 189). The key stakeholders identified included regulators, local pharmaceutical manufacturers, wholesalers, veterinary clinics, veterinary retail shops, animal health practitioners, and farmers. The distribution of veterinary antibiotics was characterized by both formal and informal pathways for importing and distributing veterinary medicines. Additionally, there were issues with antibiotic mishandling such as improper storage on open shelves in direct sunlight and disposal in pit latrines. There was a marked lack of proper antibiotic dispensation training among veterinary medicine shop attendants, and in terms of regulation, there were gaps in coordination and overlapping mandates among regulatory authorities hindering effective regulation. Regulatory agencies need to strengthen oversight of veterinary antibiotics, conduct trainings on antibiotic stewardship with various stakeholders, and enhance public-private partnerships to better manage the informal pathways for importing and distributing veterinary medicines. This multi-sectoral approach aims to ensure responsible use and improve the pharmacovigilance of veterinary antibiotics.

Advances in Dental Restorations: A Comprehensive Review of Machinable and 3D-Printed Ceramic-Reinforced Composites.

This review aims to evaluate the current understanding and clinical applications of machinable ceramic-reinforced composites (CRCs) and the emerging first generation of 3D-printed CRCs in dental restorations. Machinable CRCs, introduced over a decade ago, have shown moderate success in short- to medium-term clinical applications, particularly in low-stress areas. However, their long-term durability limitations, such as increased wear and marginal deterioration, restrict their use in high-stress situations and full crowns. The first generation of 3D-printed CRCs offers customization advantages but is still in early development and exhibits lower mechanical strength and higher wear rates than CAD-CAM CRCs and traditional ceramics. Additionally, the classification and definitions surrounding CRCs remain ambiguous, as ADA categorizations do not clearly differentiate CRCs from ceramics, complicating clinical indication, usage, and billing practices. Machinable CAD-CAM CRCs are moderately successful in low-stress applications, while 3D-printed CRCs show limitations in wear resistance and durability, raising concerns for their use in definitive restorations. Both require further research and clinical validation. Machinable CAD-CAM CRCs are best suited for low-stress applications, while 3D-printed CRCs may be more appropriate for provisional use. Until long-term clinical data are available, ceramics should be preferred for high-stress or full-coverage restorations. Clearer definitions for porcelain/ceramic and comprehensive application guidelines are urgently needed to support clinician decision-making and improve patient outcomes.

PENGUATAN KAPASITAS ASESOR BAN-PDM MELALUI PELATIHAN LURING DALAM IMPELEMENTASI INSTRUMEN AKREDITASI TERBARU

The 2024 BAN-PDM Assessor Training was held to strengthen the capacity of assessors in implementing the latest Accreditation Instrument for Primary and Secondary Education Units. This training focused on enhancing assessors' understanding and skills in the accreditation process, including data collection techniques and the use of the accreditation information system, SISPENA. The training method involved a combination of theoretical and practical approaches, including lectures, accreditation process simulations, and hands-on practice with SISPENA. The activities began with theoretical introduction, followed by data collection simulations, document analysis, and SISPENA usage practice. The training was conducted in person over three days, divided into several sessions focusing on direct interaction, group discussions, and practical exercises. The results showed a significant improvement in assessors' understanding and skills in using the accreditation instrument and SISPENA. Participants successfully applied data collection techniques and operated the system effectively, gaining practical skills to conduct field accreditation. The training successfully prepared assessors to face accreditation challenges in Maluku Province more efficiently and effectively.