Physiotherapy Practice Research Articles

The role of quick pain management treatments in clinical physiotherapy practice in India: Advantages, disadvantages, and recommendations

Quick pain management treatments in physiotherapy play a vital role in addressing immediate musculoskeletal or movement-related issues, providing short-term relief to patients. This article explores the reasons why patients seek quick treatments, outlines their advantages and disadvantages, and provides recommendations for a more comprehensive physiotherapy approach. The content is based on a synthesis of current literature, including scholarly articles, clinical guidelines, and textbooks in physiotherapy, pain management, and rehabilitation. Patients often seek quick treatments for reasons such as immediate relief from pain and discomfort, convenience, shorter duration, cost considerations, a preference for rapid solutions, and concerns about more invasive procedures. However, relying solely on quick treatments may mask symptoms, delay overall recovery, and increase the risk of recurrent problems. The article emphasizes the importance of education, setting realistic expectations, developing comprehensive treatment plans, empowering patients, continuous monitoring and adjustment, evidence-based practice, addressing patient concerns, and promoting long-term health goals. Physiotherapists and patients should collaborate to strike a balance between quick treatments for short-term relief and a more comprehensive approach for long-term recovery and prevention. The recommendations provided aim to enhance patient understanding, engagement, and satisfaction, ultimately contributing to improved overall outcomes in physiotherapy.

Frontloading Home Physical Therapy Visits for Patients With Heart Failure: A Multi-center Randomized Controlled Trial.

Frontloading home care visits has been found to be effective in the nursing profession but has not been investigated in physical therapy (PT) practice. This study aimed to examine the impact of frontloading home PT visits on function in persons with heart failure (HF). This was a prospective multi-center randomized controlled trial with blinded raters. A total of 82 ambulatory patients with a primary diagnosis of HF discharged from an acute care facility to home care participated in the study. Subjects were randomly allocated to an experimental frontloaded group (FLG) or control group (CG) for 4 weeks. FLG visit frequencies were five sessions per week for 2 weeks, and three sessions per week for 2 weeks. The CG received two sessions per week for 4 weeks. Functional measures including the 2-minute step test (2MST), 2-minute walk test (2MWT), gait speed (GS), Timed Up and Go (TUG), and 30-second chair rise test (30-CRT) were collected at the onset of care, at the end of 2 weeks and 4 weeks. The groups were statistically similar at baseline for all measures. All subjects significantly improved scores in all functional measures over time, within-subject main effect (p < .01). Significant between-subject effects were noted for 30-CRT (p = .04). Interaction effects were noted for GS (p = .03) and TUG test (p = .02). This is the first study to report meaningful improvements in function in individuals with HF. Significant treatment effect differences between the FLG and CG were found for GS, TUG, and 30-CRT. Future studies should examine the use of a standardized intervention to validate the effectiveness of frontloading home visits on quality of life and readmission rates.

Management of low back pain and lumbosacral radicular syndrome: the Guideline of the Royal Dutch Society for Physical Therapy (KNGF).

Significant progress and new insights have been gained since the Dutch Physical Therapy guideline on low back pain (LBP) in 2013 and the Cesar en Mensendieck guideline in 2009, necessitating an update of these guidelines. To update and develop an evidence-based guideline for the comprehensive management of LBP and lumbosacral radicular syndrome (LRS) without serious specific conditions (red flags) for Dutch physical therapists and Cesar and Mensendieck Therapists. Clinical practice guideline. Inpatient and outpatient. Adults with LBP and/or LRS. Clinically relevant questions were identified based on perceived barriers in current practice of physical therapy. All clinical questions were answered using published guidelines, systematic reviews, narrative reviews or systematic reviews performed by the project group. Recommendations were formulated based on evidence and additional considerations, as described in the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) Evidence-to-Decision framework. Patients participated in every phase. The guideline describes a comprehensive assessment based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Core Set for LBP and LRS, including the identification of alarm symptoms and red flags. Patients are assigned to three treatment profiles (low, moderate and high risk of persistent symptoms) based on prognostic factors for persistent LBP. The guideline recommends offering simple and less intensive support to people who are likely to recover quickly (low-risk profile) and more complex and intensive support to people with a moderate or high risk of persistent complaints. Criteria for initiating and discontinuing physical therapy, and referral to a general practitioner are specified. Recommendations are formulated for information and advice, measurement instruments, active and passive interventions and behavior-oriented treatment. An evidence based physical therapy guideline for the management of patients with LBP and LRS without red flags for physical therapists and Cesar and Mensendieck therapists was developed. Cornerstones of physical therapy assessment and treatment are risk stratification, shared decision-making, information and advice, and exercises. This guideline provides guidance for clinicians and patients to optimize treatment outcomes in patients with LBP and LRS and offers transparency for other healthcare providers and stakeholders.

Visibility of Entry-Level Doctor of Physical Therapy Program's Mission, Vision, and Value Statement and Alignment with Professional Values

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the accessibility and alignment of core statements (mission, vision, and values) in entry-level Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) programs across the United States with the core beliefs of the American Physical Therapy Association (APTA). Methods: Two independent reviewers searched publicly available resources for the core statements of 271 Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education accredited DPT programs. The statements were cross-referenced against APTA Standards of Practice and Core Values. Descriptive statistical analysis assessed the public availability of program statements and their alignment with APTA core beliefs. Results: Among the programs, 95.6% had mission statements, 63.5% had assessable vision statements, and 58.7% had easily assessable value statements. The most common APTA core beliefs were Education, Excellence, Responsibility, and Evidence-Based Practice. Altruism, Advocacy, Duty, and Patient and Client Management were less prevalent. Discussion: The visibility and accessibility of core statements in DPT programs across the United States are low. Given their role in program accreditation, promoting transparency is crucial. Limited visibility hindered the concluding alignment of core statements and APTA core beliefs. Nonetheless, this information can motivate schools to enhance core statements for better alignment. Our study emphasizes the need for increased transparency of core statements in DPT programs, fostering informed decision making. Addressing these issues can facilitate better alignment with APTA principles in physical therapy education and practice.

Online Learning Self-efficacy in Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy: Perceptions of New Graduates

Background and Purpose: Rapid transition to distance learning during COVID-19 pandemic induced educators of hands-on professions to explore effectiveness of online learning. We aimed to investigate online learning self-efficacy in cardiopulmonary physiotherapy.&#x0D; Methods: Group 1 included graduates underwent only face-to-face learning while group 2 consisted of graduates underwent face-to-face and online learning. A questionnaire was developed by the authors including competencies in cardiopulmonary physiotherapy assessment and treatment skills to assess self-efficacy. The questionnaires were sent via e-mail.&#x0D; Results: Fifty-four graduates in group 1 and 82 graduates in group 2 responded to the questionnaires (response rate: 27%). No significant difference was found between groups in terms of self-efficacy in cardiopulmonary physiotherapy assessment and treatment skills. Self-efficacy in practical domain of exercise tests was higher in group 1 (p=0.021). Practical courses related to cardiopulmonary physiotherapy and type of education had negative effects on career plans in cardiopulmonary physiotherapy in group 2 (p=0.032 and p=0.001, respectively). Duration of clinical practice was positively correlated with practical cardiopulmonary physiotherapy assessment (p=0.005) and treatment (p=0.047) in group 2.&#x0D; Conclusion: Online learning seems to be a feasible option to develop adequate self-efficacy in cardiopulmonary physiotherapy. However, practical courses, type of education and duration of clinical internship are important for future career plans in cardiopulmonary physiotherapy.

The role of patient treatment specific expectations on the outcomes of musculoskeletal physical therapy treatment: A scoping review

AbstractBackgroundIt is unknown how well patient treatment expectations are related to outcomes within musculoskeletal physical therapy. The purpose of this scoping review was to examine the association between patient treatment expectations and outcomes following physical therapy care for musculoskeletal injury and to identify gaps in the literature on this topic.Data SourcesPubMed, CINAHL Complete, PEDro, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and PsycINFO were searched from January 2005. Concepts represented in the search included physical therapy, patient expectations, and patient outcomes, as well as their relevant synonyms.Data Extraction and SummaryA custom spreadsheet was used to chart demographic details, study design, and key findings from eligible studies. The critical appraisal skills programme (CASP) for cohort studies was used to determine reporting comprehensiveness and fit for inclusion into the review.ResultsTwelve (12) studies were included in this review representing 1855 patients across a variety of patients with musculoskeletal disorders. Studies were most commonly secondary analyses of controlled trials (n = 10) or controlled trials (n = 2) and yielded high CASP scores. A wide range of methods were used to determine patient expectations. The impact of patient treatment expectations was mixed, with some studies indicating a positive relationship between expectation fulfilment and improved outcomes, while others indicate no such relationship.ConclusionThe relationship between treatment expectations and outcomes within musculoskeletal physical therapy practice is not clear. Future studies with planned comparisons are needed to define appropriate methods to seek patient expectations and measure outcome differences between groups based on expectation fulfilment.

The Effectiveness of SLR Stretching and Pelvic Tilt Control Stretching on SLR Range Among Asymptomatic Females with Hamstring Tightness

Background: Hamstring muscle tightness is a significant factor that impedes performance in daily and sports activities, necessitating the need for effective stretching techniques to enhance hamstring flexibility. This is particularly important for an active, physically fit lifestyle, as hamstring tightness is linked to various musculoskeletal issues and injuries. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of Passive Straight Leg Raise (SLR) stretching and Pelvic Tilt Control Stretching in improving hamstring flexibility among asymptomatic young females with hamstring tightness. Methods: In a quasi-experimental trial conducted at the Arif Memorial Teaching Hospital and Riphah International University, Lahore, 50 female participants aged 20-40 years with unilateral hamstring tightness were randomly assigned to either the Passive SLR stretching group or the Pelvic Tilt Control Stretching group. The efficacy of the stretching techniques was assessed using the active knee extension test, measured with a goniometer, both pre- and post-treatment. Results: The Pelvic Tilt Control Stretching group showed a significant improvement in hamstring flexibility, with the mean post-treatment active knee extension significantly increasing from the pre-treatment measurement (p-value = 0.000). In contrast, the Passive SLR group showed no significant change in flexibility (p-value = 0.872). The study also highlighted the prevalence of a sedentary lifestyle among participants and its potential contribution to reduced hamstring flexibility. Conclusion: The study concludes that Pelvic Tilt Control Stretching is an effective method for improving hamstring flexibility in young, asymptomatic females, suggesting its incorporation into physical therapy practices. This finding is particularly relevant for populations prone to hamstring tightness due to sedentary lifestyles. Keywords: Hamstring Flexibility, Pelvic Tilt Control Stretching, Passive Straight Leg Raise, Young Females, Muscle Tightness, Physical Therapy, Sedentary Lifestyle.

Ventilator hyperinflation in paediatric critical care: a survey of current physiotherapy practice in the United Kingdom and Ireland

Ventilator hyperinflation in paediatric critical care: a survey of current physiotherapy practice in the United Kingdom and Ireland

Optimization of the cosmetic appearance of skin scar after caesarean section - part II physiotherapy practice.

Scar formation is a natural part of the healing process after CS. This process, lasting up to two years, depends on the number of factors including type of incision, wound size, the person's age, body weight, health condition, and many others. Abnormal scarring should not be treated only as a cosmetic defect or superficial tissue defects. Functional and anatomical considerations must also be considered. Large varieties of non-invasive treatment modalities have been used to enhance wound healing and scar treatment. The article proposes a comprehensive approach to scar prevention and remodeling. The role of manual techniques, dry needling, cupping therapy, compression therapy, Kinesio taping, and physical agents is highlighted.

Toward sleep health as a focus of physical therapy practice: one lecture can positively impact sleep knowledge and beliefs in entry-level students

BackgroundChallenges to integrating health promotion including sleep health into entry-level physical therapist curricula include lack of faculty expertise, time, and support. A lecture provided by a content expert may mitigate such challenges. The purpose of this study was to determine if a sleep education session impacts Doctor of Physical Therapy students’ knowledge and beliefs about sleep.MethodsFaculty shared the opportunity to participate in the study 1–3 days prior to the remotely-provided lecture including sleep health assessment and interventions. The survey included demographics, a sleep health knowledge question, 11 questions on “What I think about sleep as a professional”, and the 20-item Sleep Beliefs Scale. McNemar’s and paired sample t-tests determined change in knowledge and beliefs.Results209 individuals (70% female, 86% Caucasian, 25.5 ± 3.4 years old) completed the pre-lecture survey, and 137 individuals completed the post-lecture survey. There was an increase in knowledge about sleep health (p < .001) and change in Sleep Beliefs Scales score (p < .001).ConclusionsA single remotely provided sleep education session increased DPT students’ knowledge and changed their beliefs about sleep. Future studies should determine if these positive beliefs about sleep translate into clinical practice and enhance patient outcomes.

Knowledge and Beliefs Regarding Physiotherapy among General Population: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Survey

Physiotherapy is an established health-care profession that assists individuals in maintaining, improving, and restoring body functions to live a disability-free life. Lack of education and awareness among the general population may affect the use of physiotherapy care. At large, awareness and beliefs affect the autonomy, growth, and utilization of physiotherapy services. Therefore, a cross-sectional survey of the general population was conducted to investigate knowledge and beliefs. The survey yielded a total of 138 responses. The survey consisted of three sections: introduction, essential information, and questions related to knowledge and beliefs about physiotherapy (PT) practice. The majority of the respondents were aware of physiotherapy (87%). A low level of awareness was found about consulting a physiotherapist as the first contact practitioner; 69% (n = 95) of respondents said they needed a referral for physiotherapy services. Most study participants, 87% (n = 120), lacked awareness of various specialties in physiotherapy. Some prevailing beliefs were identified within the population, with 88% (n = 122) holding the notion that “physiotherapy is always painful.” In addition, most respondents expressed that physiotherapy services are crucial for patients in the intensive care unit. Although the study participants were aware of the term physiotherapy, many other domains related to physiotherapy need to be highlighted, and the public needs to be informed about the scope of physiotherapy practice and its role in the health-care system.

A Comprehensive Book Review of "Practical Evidence - Based Physiotherapy": Bridging Theory and Practice in Physiotherapy

A Comprehensive Book Review of "Practical Evidence - Based Physiotherapy": Bridging Theory and Practice in Physiotherapy

The factors affecting work readiness during the transition from university student to physiotherapist in Australia

PurposeWork readiness is an important aspect of the transition from higher education to professional practice. The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of work readiness of individuals transitioning into physiotherapy practice in Australia and identify any association with personal, education and work factors.Design/methodology/approachPurpose-built surveys were distributed to final-year students and graduates of physiotherapy programmes nationally. Work readiness was measured using the recently validated Work Readiness Scale for Allied Health Professionals 32 (WRS-AH32), which captures the following four domains: Practical Wisdom, Interpersonal Capabilities, Personal Attributes and Organisational Acumen. The surveys also included personal, education and work data. Work readiness was expressed as percentages for total work readiness and within each domain. Independent t-tests were used to examine the influence of personal, education and work factors on work readiness.Findings176 participant responses were analysed (84 students and 92 graduates). Total work readiness was 80% [standard deviation (SD)8], with Practical Wisdom the highest scoring domain (91%, SD8) and Personal Attributes the lowest scoring domain (65%, SD14). Considering overall work readiness, individuals reporting some psychological symptoms scored lower than asymptomatic individuals [mean difference 7% (95% confidence interval (CI) 4 to 9)] and final-year students scored less than graduates [mean difference 3% (95%CI 0 to 5)].Practical implicationsAll stakeholders, including individuals, universities and employers, need to consider further strategies to develop aspects of work readiness, particularly within the domain of Personal Attributes and those with psychological symptoms.Originality/valueThis study demonstrates that physiotherapy students and graduates perceive themselves to be well prepared to transition to the workforce.

Revolutionizing Rehabilitation: Exploring the Integration of AI-Based Technology in Advancing Physiotherapy Practices for Enhanced Patient Outcomes

The field of physiotherapy has witnessed a transformative shift with the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based technologies. This research paper delves into the revolutionary impact of AI in advancing physiotherapy practices, focusing on enhancing patient outcomes. By exploring recent developments, applications, and challenges, this study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the evolving landscape where technology intersects with rehabilitation. Through a mixed-methods approach, including a literature review, case studies, and interviews, the research analyzes the effectiveness of personalized treatment plans, real-time monitoring, and AI-driven decision support for physiotherapists. The findings reveal significant improvements in patient-reported outcomes, functional metrics, and treatment adherence, supported by positive physiotherapist experiences. Ethical considerations and challenges are discussed, emphasizing the potential of AI to revolutionize physiotherapy and shape the future of rehabilitative care.

Entry-To-Practice Competency Expectations for Health Justice in Physiotherapy Curricula: A Scoping Review

Purpose: Canadian physiotherapists are expected to demonstrate essential competencies upon entry-to-practice including health justice competencies. However, as an emerging topic among Canadian physiotherapy programs, physiotherapy curricula may lack explicit content to develop skills related to health justice. This scoping review examined existing entry-level physiotherapy competencies related to health justice in Canada and countries other than Canada, the existing entry-level competencies for physiotherapy related to health justice in countries other than Canada; and evaluated how entry-level competencies related to health justice in Canadian physiotherapy practice compared to those of other countries. Methods: Four databases (MEDLINE, Emcare, Embase, and CINHL) and the grey literature were searched. Results: Four thousand three hundred seventy-seven relevant abstracts and 71 grey literature sources were identified respectively. One hundred seven sources underwent full text review with 12 database articles and 13 grey literature sources selected for data extraction. None of the included articles specifically articulated one or more competencies for health justice; instead competencies in content areas relevant to health justice were identified. During the data extraction phase four themes were identified: (1) Lack of specificity, clarity, and consistency which was further separated into two subthemes (a) lack of consistency and clarity of definitions and concepts (b) lack of an assessment tool; (2) Author identification; (3) Curriculum development; (4) Experiential learning. Limitations include restricting the search to English language only, and grey literature limited to specific PDFs and websites. Conclusion: The data collected in this scoping review demonstrates gaps in the integration of health justice in Canadian and international entry-level physiotherapy curricula.

The evolution of augmented reality to augment physical therapy: A scoping review

Augmented reality is increasingly used in health care, yet little is known about how AR is being used in physical therapy practice and what clinical outcomes could occur with technology use. In this scoping review, a broad literature review was conducted to gain an understanding of current knowledge of AR use and outcomes in physical therapy practice. A structured literature search of articles published between 2000 to September 2023 that examined the use of AR in a physical therapy context was conducted. Reference lists of articles for full review were searched for additional studies. Data from articles meeting inclusion criteria were extracted and synthesized across studies. 549 articles were identified; 40 articles met criteria for full review. Gait and balance of neurological and older adult populations were most frequently targeted, with more recent studies including orthopedic and other populations. Approximately half were pilot or observational studies and half are experimental. Many studies found within group improvements. Of studies reporting between group differences, AR interventions were more effective in improving function almost half of the time, with 20%, 27% and 28% showing efficacy in disability, balance, and gait outcomes. AR in physical therapy holds promise; however, efficacy outcomes are unclear.

Connecting the Threads: A Descriptive Review of Social, Cultural and Spiritual Influences on Physiotherapy Practice

In the 21st century, there have been significant indigenous advancements in the field of physiotherapy. However, there still exist certain sociocultural and spiritual beliefs among practitioners. Through meticulous examination, evaluation, diagnosis, prognosis, and physical intervention, physiotherapists utilise mechanical movements and force to treat impairments and help improve function, mobility, and quality of life. The cultural framework plays a crucial role in how individuals experience health, illness, and disability. Simultaneously, sociocultural factors are pivotal in the physical function, health, and illness of individuals. This paper explores the social, cultural and spiritual influences on physiotherapy across different societal and professional contexts. While there have been several recent studies providing snapshots of advancements in technologies in the healthcare system, there are not as many focusing on these three aspects in the clinical practice of physiotherapists. Due to the different eras in the history of physiotherapy, the present article demonstrates how physiotherapists are influenced by social, cultural, and spiritual domains. It is challenging to generalise the results in every situation and geographical area. Therefore, physiotherapists should be proactive in addressing these healthy beliefs at the grassroots level within the healthcare society. To create a personalised treatment plan, goal-setting, and care plan for the patient, the physiotherapist finds great value in understanding the patient’s sociocultural and spiritual history.

Ab. No. 87 Comparative Efficacy of Modified Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (M-CIMT) Technique With or Without Restraint Device on Gait and Balance of Hemiplegic Patients With Stroke: A Pilot Study

Introduction: The purpose was to compare the effect of Modified Constraint-induced movement therapy (m-CIMT) with or without the restraint device on static balance, dynamic balance and gait of patients with hemiplegia. Using m-CIMT as a rehabilitative approach in Physiotherapy practice may improve the weight-bearing asymmetries, static balance, dynamic balance and gait. Patients with hemiplegia (n=16) of both genders aged 40-65 years with MMSE score≥ 24, Brunnstrom recovery stages≥ III were randomly divided into two groups. Methodology: Group 1(n=8) underwent m-CIMT therapy with a weight cuff on the unaffected ankle during exercises, while Group 2(n=8) performed the same exercises without any restraint device keeping their non-paretic hip and knee extended and feet flat. Gait quality and balance were assessed using the Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) respectively. Doses were 5 days per week for 2 weeks. Paired T-test was used for within groups and independent sample T-test was used to compare between groups. The probability of error was accepted at P&lt;0.05. SPSS 26.0 was used for analysis. Result: Significant (P&lt;0.05) improvement was observed in DGI in both groups and the BBS improved only in group 1. Between groups, the analysis showed significant (P&lt;0.05) differences in DGI score and insignificant (P&gt;0.05) differences with BBS. Conclusion: m-CIMT with restraint device improves gait and balance. m-CIMT without restraint device improves gait only and not balance. m-CIMT using a restraint device is more effective in improving gait. There was no difference between the two groups in terms of balance. Implication: m-CIMT using a restraining device can improve dynamic gait and balance in patients with hemiplegia.

Effectiveness of Physiotherapy Intervention in the Symptomatic Management of Hirayama Disease: A Case Report

Hirayama Disease (HD) is an infrequent condition. Due to its rarity and misdiagnosed nature, epidemiological data is limited. Therefore, the present study aimed to find the effectiveness of physiotherapy intervention in the symptomatic management of HD. The results of the present study provided evidence for the development of standardised protocol for treatment to manage the symptoms of HD. Hereby. the authors present a case of a 20-year-old male, who presented with the chief complaint of weakness in bilateral hands for the past 3 years. The patient was examined for upper limb motor functions using Nerve Conduction Velocity (NCV), Manual Muscle Testing (MMT), Patient-related Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) and Patientrelated Hand Evaluation, Quality of Life (QoL) Scale, Handheld Dynamometer (HHD) and Pinchmeter. Pre and post-intervention analysis of outcome measures were used to show the differences n the improvement of the patient’s symptoms. There was a clinical and symptomatic improvement in the scoring of PRWE from 29 to 6, NCV (30.17 m/s to 35.80 m/s on right side median nerve, 28.23 m/s to 32.06 m/s on right side ulnar nerve, 32.87 m/s to 37.23 m/s on left side median nerve, 32.13 m/s to 40.12 m/s on left ulnar nerve), MMT (from grade 2 or 3 to grade 3, 4 or 4+), QOL (72 to 99), HHD (0.3 lb to 0.5 lb of left side and 0.1 lb to 0.5 lb of right side) and Pinchmeter (0.5 lb to 3 lb of left and 0.2 lb to 1 lb of right side). The treatment given was effective in improving the patient’s symptoms. The results can be used to conduct further studies to add evidence-based literature in physiotherapy practice.

Ab. No. 105 A Scoping Review of the Effectiveness of Various Exercise Regimens on the Severity of Uremic Restless Leg Syndrome and Other Outcome Metric in Hemodialysis Subjects

Introduction: Uremic restless leg syndrome (URLS) is a condition that occurs in individuals with kidney failure or severe kidney disease;characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs, often accompanied by discomfort or a crawling sensation.URLS can be prevalent in hemodialysis patients, as kidney dysfunction contributes to its development. Hemodialysis helps in removing waste products from the blood, but it may not completely alleviate URLS symptoms. The purpose of this scoping review is to outline the literature on physiotherapy in URLS, the types of physiotherapy interventions used and the outcome measures used. Methods: Scoping review in accordance with Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. From 2005 to December 2023, databases searched included PubMed, PEDro, Research Gate and Google Scholar following MESH terminology and boolean operators in accordance to the study requirement.A narrative data summary was created to explain the current evidence on physiotherapy for URLS. Articles were considered if they were about physiotherapy interventions given to URLS subjects. A narrative synthesis was conducted. Results: Ten studies were included (eight randomised control trials, one pilot RCTs, one quasi experimental study). PEDro scale for 4 studies were ≥5 and 6 studies were ≥5.Interventions reported were aerobic,resistance and stretching exercise. A variety of outcome measures was utilised such as severity of URLS, physical performance, balance, sleep quality, depression score and quality of life domains. Conclusion: The results of this review suggest that there is insufficient information to assist physiotherapists in the treatment of subjects with URLS. Aerobic, resistance and stretching exercise were the widely studied physiotherapy therapies. A variety of outcome metrics are used. High-quality clinical trials with representative populations are needed, as are investigations on physiotherapy practice and the experiences of subjects with URLS.