Manufacturing Practices Research Articles

A Novel Methodology for Performance Evaluation in Advanced Quality Control

Current global conditions and challenges in industrial manufacturing, marked by dynamism, competition, and the need for responsible resource management, have increased the demand for sustainable manufacturing practices. The integration of Industry 4.0 and the recent development of Industry 5.0 have added dynamism, which has generated profound implications for quality control and process monitoring, focusing mainly on recognising control patterns within the manufacturing environment. This study introduces a novel methodology for evaluating the performance of pattern classification models used in advanced quality control. Our approach incorporates robust performance metrics, early detection, window size, network hyperparameters, and concurrent patterns within a simulated monitoring environment. Unlike previous research, our evaluation methodology addresses the sensitivity of classification models to various factors, emphasising the critical balance between early detection and minimising false alarms. The findings reveal that window size significantly impacts the model’s sensitivity to pattern changes, highlighting that measuring early detection alone is impractical in real-world applications. Furthermore, optimal hyperparameter selection enhances the model’s practical applicability.

Integrating Analytical Procedures in Routine Practices of Centralized Antiblastic Compounding Units for Valorization of Residual Compounded Drugs

Background/Objectives: Although extemporaneous formulations of anticancer drug products for personalized therapy are produced according to Good Hospital Pharmacy Manufacturing Practice, the lack of knowledge about drug stability under clinical conditions limits the second-time use of these highly costly medications in clinical practice. Therefore, the residual compounded drugs are considered waste and a cost item that negatively affects the healthcare system. In the context of the ever-increasing interest of the health system in applying practices in line with personalized medicine and spending review policies, this research aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of incorporating analytical techniques into daily routine practice. Specifically, the present research focused on fast stability analysis of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) in antiblastic residual compounded drugs with the purpose of demonstrating their potentialities as a resource for possible second-time use. Methods: Two different subsets of drug products were analyzed, i.e., medicines containing small molecules and medicines containing monoclonal antibodies. In relation to their different physicochemical properties, two analytical approaches were optimized and involved in the stability investigation: HPLC-DAD for small molecules and a combined approach of LC-MS/MS with size exclusion chromatography for monoclonal antibodies analysis. Results: Results underlined that the stability data, as available in the summary of product characteristics related to each medicine, do not completely describe the physicochemical shelf-life of anticancer compounded drugs. Conclusions: In fact, for all tested products, our results suggested a longer shelf-life in comparison to the datasheet, giving hospital pharmacists the possibility to extend the clinical use of compounded drugs, improving the cost–benefit of anticancer personalized therapy.

Hygienic-Sanitary and Good Manufacturing Evaluation of Chicken Cuts Marketed In Chókwè City

This study assessed the hygiene and health conditions of chicken cuts sold in Chókwè city. The checklist method was applied following Resolution RDC No. 216/04 to assess the hygiene and health conditions, verifying the adequacy or otherwise of the items evaluated. When the checklist was completed, the following was considered: (C) "Compliant" - commercial establishments that met a specific requirement, (NC) "Non-Compliant" - commercial establishments that did not comply with the observed requirement and (NA) "Not Applicable" for the requirement that was not met by the establishments surveyed. The results showed that the highest levels of compliance (20 to 100%) were found for the items building, facilities, equipment, furniture and utensils, sanitization of facilities, equipment, furniture and utensils, control of vectors and urban pests, water supply, waste management, handlers, raw materials and packaging, storage/preservation, display of meat except for documentation and registration. It can, therefore, be concluded that the establishments comply with good manufacturing practices. Contribution to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)SDG 3: Good Health and Well-BeingSDG 6: Clean Water and SanitationSDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and CommunitiesSDG 12: Responsible Consumption and ProductionSDG 15: Life on Land

A broad spectrum Shigella vaccine based on VirG53–353 multiepitope region produced in a cell-free system

Dysentery caused by Shigella species remains a major health threat to children in low- and middle-income countries. There is no vaccine available. The most advanced candidates, i.e., O-polysaccharide (OPS)-based conjugates, have limited coverage—only against the immunizing serotype. Vaccines based on Shigella conserved proteins are sought for their simplicity and capacity to prevent disease caused by multiple serotypes. We previously reported the broad protective capacity of VirGα, a conserved surface-exposed domain of Shigella virulence factor. Seeking to refine the vaccine antigenic target and achieve scalable manufacturing compatible with Good Manufacturing Practices, we mapped linear B-cell epitopes spanning the entire VirG protein sequence by probing the immune reactivity of 10-mer peptides (overlapping 4–8 aa) with sera from Shigella-infected rhesus monkeys. The surface-exposed VirG53–353 subregion of the passenger α-domain demonstrated the highest and strongest immunoreactivity. VirG53–353 was produced efficiently at a large scale (>150 mg/L) using cell-free protein synthesis. When administered to mice intramuscularly, VirG53–353 elicited robust antibody responses and conferred high levels of protection against the three most prevalent Shigella serotypes (S. flexneri 2a, 3a, and S. sonnei). VirG53–353 evoked the production of Th2-type cytokines by spleen cells from vaccinated mice. A new universal Shigella vaccine based on VirG53–353 meets the World Health Organization’s preferred product specifications. The target antigen refinement and production improvement described here will facilitate the first-in-human studies.

Sustainable Additive Manufacturing: An Overview on Life Cycle Impacts and Cost Efficiency of Laser Powder Bed Fusion

This overview study investigates integrating advanced manufacturing technologies, specifically metal additive manufacturing (AM) and laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) processes, within Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0 frameworks, to enhance sustainability and efficiency in industrial production and prototyping. The manufacturing sector, a significant contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions and resource consumption, is increasingly adopting technologies that reduce environmental impact while maintaining economic growth. Selective laser melting (SLM), as the subsection LPBF technologies, is highlighted for its capability to produce high-performance, lightweight, and complex components with minimal material waste, thus aligning with circular economy goals for metal alloys. Life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle costing (LCC) analyses are essential methods for evaluating the sustainability of any new technology. Sustainable technologies could support the concepts of the factory of the future (FoF), fulfilling the requirements of digital transformation and digital twins. This overview study reveals that implementing AM—specifically SLM—has the potential to reduce the environmental impact of manufacturing. It underscores the ability of these technologies to promote sustainable and efficient manufacturing practices, thereby accelerating the shift from Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0.

Kinetic study on the extraction of ethanimidic acid from hibiscus flowers using microwave assisted hydrodistillation

Microwave extraction of active compounds from plants offers an efficient alternative to traditional methods, highlighting the need to investigate its modeling and kinetic mechanisms for comprehensive understanding. This study evaluated kinetic models for the microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) of ethanimidic acid from hibiscus flowers. Experimental data, including ethanimidic acid concentration as a function of time, power, and solid-to-liquid ratio, were analyzed using three-parameter empirical models. The second-order model demonstrated superior accuracy (R² = 0.954), outperforming the first-order model, and effectively described the two-stage extraction process: washing and diffusion. The second-order kinetic model ensures precise control of ethanimidic acid extraction, enabling efficient scalability for industrial production and consistent quality for pharmacological applications, emphasizing sustainable and cost-effective manufacturing practices. This model provides a robust framework for advancing MAHD applications in the industrial production of bioactive compounds, promoting innovation in sustainable technologies, and enhancing the economic feasibility of bioactive compound recovery.

A Review of the Application and Development of Ultra-thin Silicon Chips

The widespread applications of ultra-thin silicon chips across industries such as healthcare, telecommunications, automotive, artificial intelligence, and energy management underscore their pivotal role in driving technological advancements and societal progress by enhancing efficiency, sustainability, and overall performance in various electronic systems. This paper provides an in-depth review of the application and development of ultra-thin silicon chips in modern electronic technology. Ultra-thin silicon chips, characterized by small size, low power consumption, and efficient heat dissipation, offer significant advantages over traditional chips in various electronic products such as smartphones, tablets, and smart wearable devices. The paper discusses the basic principles, fabrication methods, and advantages of ultra-thin silicon chips, highlighting their potential applications in emerging fields like artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things. Furthermore, the paper explores the evolving trends in ultra-thin silicon chip manufacturing technology, emphasizing advancements in nano-technology applications and intelligent manufacturing practices. The diverse applications of ultra-thin silicon chips across industries such as healthcare, telecommunications, automotive, artificial intelligence, and energy management underscore their pivotal role in driving technological advancements and societal progress

Application of a good manufacturing practices checklist in food and nutrition units of a socio-educational foundation in the state of Pará, Brazil

The production and supply of meals must occur in an orderly and categorized manner, as quality in processing can negatively impact consumer health. In this context, evaluating good manufacturing and handling Practices through tools that can identify risks and minimize hazards is essential to ensure safe food. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate Good Manufacturing Practices in Food and Nutrition Units (UANS) responsible for meals served to adolescents in a Socio-educational Foundation located in the State of Pará, Brazil. A total of 15 UANS were evaluated, of which 6 operated with centralized meal preparation and 9 with decentralized meal preparation. For this purpose, the checklist recommended by the National Health Surveillance Agency, described in RDC No. 275 of October 21, 2002, was applied. The results showed that 33.33% (2/6) of the centralized UANS, which prepare meals within the Socio-educational Unit itself, were classified as Group 1, meaning they were deemed suitable with minor adjustments. However, 100% (9/9) of the decentralized UANS, where meal preparation occurs outside the Socio-educational Unit and only distribution takes place, were classified as Group 2, requiring more significant adjustments related to building infrastructure, facilities, movable equipment, utensils, handlers of raw materials, ingredients, and packaging. Adjustments for non-compliant items are necessary to ensure the provision of safe food from a sanitary perspective for the adolescents served.

Evaluation and Standardisation of the Approach to Using Environmental Isolates in the AstraZeneca Microbiology Laboratories

A thorough evaluation and standardisation of the use of environmental isolates (EIs) in AstraZeneca's microbiology laboratories was performed. The study was prompted by the increasing use of EIs in pharmaceutical microbiology laboratories over the past two decades and aimed to ensure robust methods for recovering all types of microorganisms that may pose a risk to the quality of medicines. The cost, time and robustness of the testing performed with environmental isolates was identified as an area for continuous improvement by internal audit of site procedures. The review identified a wide variety of interpretations of where and what to include for EIs in growth promotion tests, methods, and disinfection efficacy studies across AstraZeneca's microbiology laboratories, leading to potential overuse. The study involved a global cross-site review that utilized a risk assessment process, involving 10 expert pharmaceutical microbiologists with significant industry experience and a risk management subject matter expert. The review assessed various uses of environmental isolates, such as growth promotion testing, disinfectant qualification studies, and method suitability testing, with a focus on regulatory requirements, external audit commitments, and scientific rationale. Regulatory guidance for the use of environmental isolates was reviewed, and a requirement for their use was noted in specific documents, such as the EU Guidelines for Good Manufacturing Practice for Medicinal Products² and various USP chapters. The literature review provided external viewpoints and aligned with the approach within AstraZeneca, confirming the need for a risk assessment in the use of isolates. The paper concludes by outlining the scientific rationale for the use of environmental isolates and provides guidance on when and how to select the most appropriate EIs for different test types. The study resulted in the production of a global guidance guideline, allowing sites to implement a standard approach to the use of EIs, leading to a significant reduction in their overuse and a standardisation across the business. The conclusion emphasises the importance of utilising environmental isolates where they add the most value or where they are required by regulations. This paper provides valuable insights into the evaluation and standardisation of the approach to using environmental isolates in AstraZeneca's microbiology laboratories, offering a foundation for a global standard and a reduction in their overuse.

The paradigm of stem cell secretome in tissue repair and regeneration: Present and future perspectives.

As the number of patients requiring organ transplants continues to rise exponentially, there is a dire need for therapeutics, with repair and regenerative properties, to assist in alleviating this medical crisis. Over the past decade, there has been a shift from conventional stem cell treatments towards the use of the secretome, the protein and factor secretions from cells. These components may possess novel druggable targets and hold the key to profoundly altering the field of regenerative medicine. Despite the progress in this field, clinical translation of secretome-containing products is limited by several challenges including but not limited to ensuring batch-to-batch consistency, the prevention of further heterogeneity, production of sufficient secretome quantities, product registration, good manufacturing practice protocols and the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profiles of all the components. Despite this, the secretome may hold the key to unlocking the regenerative blockage scientists have encountered for years. This review critically analyses the secretome derived from different cell sources and used in several tissues for tissue regeneration. Furthermore, it provides an overview of the current delivery strategies and the future perspectives for the secretome as a potential therapeutic. The success and possible shortcomings of the secretome are evaluated.

In vitro erythropoiesis: the emerging potential of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).

Due to global blood shortages and restricted donor blood storage, the focus has switched to the in vitro synthesis of red blood cells (RBCs) from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) as a potential solution. Many processes are required to synthesize RBCs from iPSCs, including the production of iPSCs from human or animal cells, differentiation of iPSCs into hematopoietic stem cells, culturing, and maturation of the hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) to make functional erythrocytes. Previous investigations on the in vitro production of erythrocytes have shown conflicting results. Some studies have demonstrated substantial yields of functional erythrocytes, whereas others have observed low yields of enucleated cells. Before large-scale in vitro RBC production can be achieved, several challenges which have limited its application in the clinic must be overcome. These issues include optimizing differentiation techniques to manufacture vast amounts of functional RBCs, upscaling the manufacturing process, cost-effectiveness, and assuring the production of RBCs with good manufacturing practices (GMP) before they can be used for therapeutic purposes.

CTGCT, Centre of Excellence for the Technologies of Gene and Cell Therapy: Collaborative Translation of Scientific Discoveries into Advanced Treatments for Neurological Rare Genetic Diseases and Cancer

The emerging field of precision medicine relies on scientific breakthroughs to understand disease mechanisms and develop cutting-edge technologies to overcome underlying genetic and functional aberrations. The establishment of the Centre of Excellence for the Technologies of Gene and Cell Therapy (CTGCT) at the National Institute of Chemistry (NIC) in Ljubljana represents a significant step forward, as it is the first centre of its kind in Slovenia. The CTGCT is poised to spearhead advances in cancer immunotherapy and personalised therapies for neurological and other rare genetic diseases. The centre’s overarching mission is to extend beyond the NIC’s scientific excellence in basic research and bring new therapeutic solutions toward clinical application. The CTGCT aims to develop a broad pipeline of biomedical tools, including innovative synthetic biology tools, gene editing and splicing technologies, RNA-based technologies, immune regulation engineering and novel viral and non-viral delivery systems. The CTGCT is supported by partner institutions from the UK, the Netherlands and Germany, which already have academic good manufacturing practice (GMP) facilities for the manufacture of advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) and is committed to active collaboration with clinicians and patient organizations at all stages of development to improve access to gene and cell therapies (GCTs) for patients. The Centre also seeks to collaborate with national and international academic and industrial partners, and the newly established GMP facilities will address a critical bottleneck in the translation of GCTs from research to practice. Finally, CTGCT's translational research and technology transfer units will ensure the impactful dissemination of research and innovation activities in Slovenia, throughout the Western Balkans and Eastern Europe region, and beyond. With its comprehensive approach and forward-looking vision, the CTGCT will drive transformative advances in gene and cell therapies for the benefit of patients on a global scale.

Evaluating and Managing Potential Risks Associated with Top-Iced Produce

Top icing of produce is a practice used to preserve freshness and extend shelf life during transport and storage for some fresh produce items. However, there are concerns about possible food safety risks associated with this practice, especially regarding managing ice water and the potential for cross-contamination in distribution centers and warehouses. Food safety regulations such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s Preventive Controls for Human Food rule require distribution centers and warehouses to evaluate hazards and identify those that need a preventive control as defined in the rule. Here, we outline how to evaluate and manage risks associated with top icing. Each operation should assess potential hazards associated with the commodity, facility, and management practices to determine if they are adequately managed as Good Manufacturing Practices or require the implementation of preventive controls within a food safety plan. Facilities should assess risks of receiving, handling, and storing top-iced produce, including supplier programs, potential cross-contamination points, pallet stacking, and slotting procedures, among others. Risk-based measures can be implemented to reduce food safety concerns associated with top-iced produce. These measures include transitioning to iceless produce, maintaining cold temperatures, single stacking produce pallets, establishing dedicated wet rooms, implementing drainage systems, shrouding or adding liners under pallets, and implementing appropriate cleaning and sanitizing schedules.

Phenotypic and Genotypic of Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Staphylococcus spp. Isolated from Raw Milk and Artisanal Cheese.

Staphylococcus aureus and a few species of coagulase negative are frequently associated with food poisoning. Raw milk and dairy products are among the foods usually associated with outbreaks due to staphylococcal intoxication. This study aimed to determine phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles to beta-lactam drugs in Staphylococcus coagulase positive (CoPS) and negative (CoNS) isolates. A total of 58 CoPS and 45 CoNS isolates recovered from raw milk and artisanal cheese from Santa Catarina were analyzed. All isolates (n = 103) were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. High levels of resistance to penicillin (41% of CoPS and 31% of CoNS), amoxicillin (40% CoPS), ampicillin (36% CoPS), and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (35% CoNS) were observed. Twenty six percent of the isolates (18 CoPS and 9 CoNS) exhibited multiresistance profile; which means, they were resistant to at least three different classes of the antimicrobial drugs. Detection of resistance genes (mecA, mecC, and blaZ) was performed using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Twelve isolates (9 CoPS and 3 CoNS) were positive for mecA, whereas 10 strains (4 CoPS and 6 CoNS) were positive for blaZ. The detection of resistant and multidrug resistant isolates emphasizes the necessity to develop strategies to better comply with good manufacturing practices and health care guidelines.

Analysis of the barriers to implement sustainable manufacturing practices in footwear sector of Bangladesh using graph theory and matrix approach

The footwear industry is booming with the increasing demand for leather-based products and manufacturers from the Asia region are leading the market. In the meantime, the negative impact on the environment of footwear goods and manufacturing processes of footwear-based products concerns the buyers and consumers as the global environmental situation is worsening day by day. For this reason, footwear industries are bound to use environmentally friendly production techniques to cope with the conditions as well as demands of the buyers otherwise the manufacturer can face the drop of order which can be affected financially. The Bangladeshi footwear industry is most unlikely to adopt sustainable manufacturing and thus lagging in the competitive market containing manufacturers from other Asian countries. The reason behind not implementing sustainable manufacturing practices should be explored to ensure this practice. In the study, Graph Theory and Matrix Approach (GTMA) was utilized along with the best and worst matrix using the weighted values as the diagonal and off-diagonal elements which was found from the two surveys after consultation with experts from the Bangladeshi footwear industry to gather responsible barriers for both large-scale and small-medium sized enterprises. Ranking based on impact was developed for two scales and an index value was found from the calculations of the matrix formed by permanent functional value found for each of the barriers and their best-worst values also which was another determinant of this study for expressing the fitness level for this certain adaptation. Similarity coefficient was another factor to be determined for the decision making required for the first objective of this research.

Crafting a Sustainable Future: Exploring Research, Overcoming Challenges, and Anticipating Trends in Manufacturing and Design Engineering

Sustainable manufacturing is intricately characterized as the conscientious creation of goods and services employing environmentally harmonious techniques and methodologies. These approaches are specifically devised to curtail ecological harm by conserving energy, preserving natural resources, and fortifying the well-being of communities and materials alike. Its paramount significance lies in its capacity to discern issues inherent in the stages of planning, designing, scrutinizing, and augmenting manufacturing processes, with potential innovations protected by patents. This current discourse aspires to expound upon the multifaceted dimensions of sustainable manufacturing, encompassing the delineation of pertinent metrics, a comprehensive examination of the diverse environmental ramifications intrinsic to sustainable manufacturing, and an exploration of the very essence of sustainability within the manufacturing paradigm, including consideration of technologies that contribute to eco-conscious practices. Moreover, this paper delves into the myriad challenges that confront sustainable manufacturing, offering a nuanced analysis, while simultaneously shedding light on the latent opportunities that reside within this realm, potentially protected by patents. In essence, the narrative woven herein endeavors to provide an extensive panorama of the intricate tapestry that is sustainable manufacturing, featuring innovative solutions that will be secured through patent protection. By dissecting its constituent elements and navigating through the challenges and prospects, we aim to foster a profound understanding of the holistic implications and potential transformative pathways within the realm of eco-conscious production methodologies, incorporating the advancements that contribute to sustainable manufacturing practices. In conclusion, the exploration of sustainable manufacturing's various dimensions, challenges, and opportunities not only contributes to a comprehensive understanding of its intricacies but also serves as a foundation for fostering eco-conscious production methods and transformative pathways in manufacturing practices, with the protection and dissemination of patented technologies playing a pivotal role in driving sustainable innovations.

The Role of Sustainable Manufacturing Practices in Enhancing Business Competitiveness

This study examines the relationship between sustainable manufacturing practices and business competitiveness in the firms of the Lasbela Industrial Zones Balochistan of Pakistan. Data was collected by using a quantitative research design for a sample of 50 business owners, managers as well as the key decision makers using structured questionnaires. Demographically, the majority of respondents are male between the ages of 25 and 70, a demographic that typically fits the mold for leadership roles in manufacturing in this part of the world. And findings suggest a big shift towards sustainability with 70 percent of businesses using some kind of sustainable practice. Also, 60 per cent of respondents indicate how these practices bring about a positive corporate contribution to their competitive advantage and that such sustainability could improve organizational effectiveness and market positioning. While it’s positive that this encouraging behavior trend has formed, 55% of respondents still pointed towards high costs as a major barrier to mainstreaming more sustainable initiatives. This shows the importance of a more sympathetic environment to fund financial incentives and subsidies to offset these costs. Moreover, 65% of participants find that there is a need for additional training and resource in order to strengthen efforts in sustainable manufacturing, highlighting the need for capacity building for a transition to sustainable manufacturing. It particularly highlights the growing recognition of sustainability in the Lasbela Industrial Zones and shows the salient obstacles to tap the most from the sustainability initiatives. Firms in Balochistan can gain by focusing on these areas, to enhance their ability to use sustainable initiatives to increase competitiveness, both in local and international markets, thereby aiding overall regional economic development.

Study on the Competencies of CSV(Computerized System Validation) Consultants in the GMP(Good Manufacturing Practice) Industry

Study on the Competencies of CSV(Computerized System Validation) Consultants in the GMP(Good Manufacturing Practice) Industry

Innovation And Transformation Plan For Gastronomic Production Line In Pelileo Canton, Ecuador

This study addresses the innovation and transformation of the gastronomic production line in the canton of San Pedro de Pelileo, province of Tungurahua, Ecuador, where gastronomic service providers face challenges related to food hygiene, culinary techniques, and customer service. The objective was to strengthen their skills through an intervention plan that includes training in innovative practices and the use of local products. The methodology consisted of the implementation of 10 theoretical-practical workshops held between May and September 2023, with the participation of 30 local actors from the gastronomic sector. Surveys were administered before and after the workshops to measure the impact on the knowledge acquired, as well as a satisfaction survey to assess the quality of the program. The results show a significant increase in the application of Good Manufacturing Practices and innovative techniques for food transformation, reaching 100% knowledge in these areas by the end of the plan. Additionally, participants expressed high satisfaction with the training received. In conclusion, the research demonstrates that the implementation of training programs focused on innovation and the use of local resources contributes to the economic and social development of gastronomic service providers, strengthening the sector’s competitiveness and promoting the sustainability of local enterprises

AI-Driven Process Design for Closed-Loop Manufacturing

This study investigates the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in enhancing closed-loop manufacturing (CLM) systems, which emphasize sustainability through recycling, reuse, and optimized resource utilization. CLM faces significant challenges in minimizing waste, improving operational efficiency, and optimizing resource usage. Although AI holds promise in addressing these challenges, its application in CLM systems, especially in dynamic decision-making and resource optimization, requires further exploration. This research aims to explore how AI technologies can improve material flows, reduce waste, and enhance decision-making to achieve both sustainability and operational efficiency in manufacturing systems. To understand the impact of AI on CLM, the study conducted a comprehensive review of case studies and literature across various industries. It focused on AI techniques, such as machine learning (ML) and reinforcement learning (RL), and their roles in optimizing resource usage, refining recycling processes, and improving production schedules. Statistical methods, including regression and sensitivity analysis, were employed to evaluate the effectiveness of AI-driven models in enhancing closed-loop manufacturing performance. The review revealed promising results, highlighting AI's ability to optimize resource consumption and waste management strategies across diverse manufacturing environments. The study’s findings demonstrated significant improvements in resource efficiency, waste reduction, and cost savings across multiple industries. AI-driven models optimized material consumption, resulting in reductions of up to 12% in raw material use. Additionally, AI-enhanced recycling and waste management strategies led to a 25% increase in material recovery, while operational costs were reduced by up to 15%. AI models also displayed a strong ability to adapt to fluctuations in demand and production conditions, ensuring sustained operational efficiency even amid dynamic market changes. These outcomes highlight AI’s transformative potential in achieving sustainable manufacturing practices and advancing circular economy goals.