Planning Practices Research Articles

Understanding strategic planning: an assessment of the definitions, planning process and competitive advantage

Purpose The study provides an understanding of strategic planning through an assessment of its definitions, the planning process, and spells-out the outcomes as well as the associated competitive advantage from practicing strategic planning. Despite the popularity of strategic planning as a management tool, it is argued that its practice is one that is least understood. Design/methodology/approach A review of strategic planning was conducted. The definitions identified were drawn from definitions derived from the top 10 publications with the highest citations from each of the two decades between 2001 to 2020 following a systematic Scopus search of publications with “strategic planning” in their title, and other publications identified through a Google Scholar search on “strategic planning”. The most unique or differentiated definitions were identified and assessed. The identified publications were also analyzed using content analysis to gain insight from their research findings as it relates to strategic planning in general, the planning process and respective competitive advantage. Findings The review established that there are various definitions of strategic planning, however, they are largely aligned as it relates to the formulation of strategy, the widest difference in the definitions is in the scope of the implementation activities. Originality/value The review contributes to the body of knowledge by providing (i) an understanding of strategic planning; (ii) an assessment of the definitions of strategic planning; (iii) a proposed definition of strategic planning; (iv) provision of a theoretical framework to understand the practice of strategic planning; and (v) the positioning of strategic risk management in enabling strategic planning.

Working memory multicomponent model outcomes in individuals with traumatic brain injury: Critical review and meta-analysis

Abstract Objective: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) often leads to cognitive impairments, particularly regarding working memory (WM). This meta-analysis aims to examine the impact of TBI on WM, taking into account moderating factors which has received little attention in previous research, such as severity of injury, the different domains of Baddeley’s multi-component model, and the interaction between these two factors, as well as the interaction with other domains of executive functions. Method: Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines, a systematic review and meta-analysis searched Google Scholar, PubMed, and PsycNET for studies with objective WM measures. Multiple meta-analyses were performed to compare the effects of TBI severity on different WM components. Twenty-four English, peer-reviewed articles, mostly cross-sectional were included. Results: TBI significantly impairs general WM and all Baddeley’s model components, most notably the Central Executive (d’ = 0.74). Severity categories, mild-moderate and moderate-severe, were identified. Impairment was found across severities, with “moderate-severe” demonstrating the largest effect size (d’ = 0.81). Individuals with moderate-severe TBI showed greater impairments in the Central Executive and Episodic Buffer compared to those with mild-moderate injury, whereas no such differences were found for the Phonological Loop and Visuospatial Sketchpad. Conclusions: These findings enhance our understanding of WM deficits in varying severities of TBI, highlighting the importance of assessing and treating WM in clinical practice and intervention planning.

Lymph Node Yield and Long-Term Mortality Risk in Patients with Colon Cancer: A 20-Year Follow-Up National Study.

Lymph node status is a well-established prognostic factor for colon cancer, but the optimal number of nodes for accurate staging remains unclear. This study explored the relationship between lymph node yield (LNY) and 5-year mortality rates in colon cancer patients in New Zealand. Data from the New Zealand Cancer Registry were retrospectively analyzed for patients with TNM stage I, II, and III colon cancer between August 2003 and December 2021, with follow-up until January 2024. The primary outcome was the 5-year all-cause mortality rate, with LNY, age, sex, ethnicity, tumor site, district health board (DHB), and the number of positive nodes as covariates. Statistical analyses included univariate analysis, Cox regression modeling, and chi-squared tests. LNY was a significant predictor of 5-year mortality risk (hazard ratio 0.985, p < 0.0001), adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, tumor site, and DHB. The strongest association between LNY and mortality rate was observed at 12 nodes. Further increases in LNY beyond 22 nodes did not lead to statistically significant differences in mortality rates. Lymph node ratio (LNR) was strongly associated with survival in stage III colon cancer, independent of LNY and the number of positive nodes. Higher LNY is significantly associated with reduced 5-year mortality rates in stage I-III colon cancer up to the 22-node mark. The strong correlation between LNR and mortality highlights its potential value for improving treatment planning in future clinical practice.

Automatic Landmark Detection for Preoperative Planning of High Tibial Osteotomy Using Traditional Feature Extraction and Deep Learning Methods.

Automatic High Tibial Osteotomy (HTO) landmark detection methods promise to improve the effectiveness and standardisation of HTO preoperative planning. Unfortunately, due to the limited number of HTO datasets, existing methods are less robust when dealing with patients with varied deformities than traditional manual planning, severely limiting their clinical viability and application in practical surgical settings. Here, we present a new HTO landmark detection framework using an integration of optimised heatmap-offset aggregation method and traditional feature extraction. Subjective and objective approaches were employed to reflect the final clinical acceptance of our model. Average Mean Absolute Error of prediction results compared to the surgeon's gold standard was 0.35° for the hip-knee-ankle angle. The objective score rated by surgeons reached 4.4 on a scale of 5. The study demonstrated that the automatic detection method has great potential serving as an alternative to manual radiological analysis in practical surgical pre-operative planning.

Making the Invisible, Visible: An Exploration of Track-and-Field Coaches' Perspectives of Their Planning Processes.

The traditional understanding of how coaches plan for sporting performance is rooted in the assumption that coaches create periodized plans underpinned by physiological principles, thereby providing scientific credibility to their work. In contrast, there remains a paucity of literature exploring how coaches understand or think about their planning practices. The purpose of this study was to generate new knowledge regarding what information coaches actually consider within their planning processes and how they actually approach the task of planning. Using rigorous, in-depth interviews, this study examined athletics coaches' understandings of their everyday planning practices, in an attempt to contribute to narrowing the gap between academic research and real-world application. Twenty-eight highly experienced, high-performance track-and-field coaches based in England (female, n = 1; male, n = 27) were recruited. The coaches were from the throwing disciplines (n = 10) and endurance running (n = 18). Coaches were interviewed about their planning process, using a maximum of 3 semistructured interviews per coach, spaced across a full athletics season. In total, this generated 68hours of data. The analysis demonstrated that, while the participant coaches utilized the principles of periodization, their planning activities were not limited to this issue. The findings highlighted how the coaches conceptualized successful athletic performance in a holistic way; that is, planning is multifaceted in nature. This study presents a holistic picture of the complexity of coaches' planning, detailing the considerable time and attention given to planning for athletes' psychological, personal, and social development, to enhance athlete performance and development.

Investigating the response of urban surface thermal environment to urban morphology changes in Nanjing

The urbanization process has significantly impacted urban morphology, which in turn has led to changes in the urban surface thermal environment (USTE). A summarization of the empirical patterns of past urban morphology changes and an evaluation of the USTE effects produced by different patterns will contribute to the advancement of scientific knowledge regarding the response of USTE to urban morphology changes and facilitate the development of sustainable urban planning and design practices. This study investigated the response of USTE to urban morphology from the overall and local based on the Local Climate Zone (LCZ) framework during 2005–2020 in Nanjing. The results validated the rationality of the LCZ framework for describing urban morphology changes and their USTE responses. It was found that the overall USTE was continuing to deteriorate, with an increase in high temperature and sub-high temperature areas. LCZ 4, LCZ 5, and LCZ 8 were the major contributors to overall urban heat, and their growth in the amount and changes in USTE characteristics mainly caused the overall USTE deterioration. In localized areas, it was found that urban regeneration had the most potential to optimize USTE. The conversion processes of LCZ 5 to LCZ 4, LCZ 8 to LCZ 4, and LCZ 8 to LCZ 5 were considered more advantageous in improving daytime USTE, which should be advocated. The results can provide important insights into the perception of urban morphology and USTE, and support the urban regeneration policies for climate-resilient cities from the environmental performance perspective.

Increasing Employee Commitment: 25 Strategies

Employee commitment is pivotal to the success of healthcare organizations, influencing trust, loyalty, and productivity. High levels of commitment among employees foster a positive work environment where individuals willingly contribute their time, energy, and talents. Conversely, low commitment leads to cynicism and disengagement. Commitment comprises behavioral, emotional, and rational components and is often driven by reciprocal investments between employees and employers. To assess and enhance employee commitment, healthcare leaders can use a variety of strategies, including clear communication, values-based hiring, career planning, and leadership practices that emphasize care, ownership, security, and accountability. Ultimately, committed leadership is essential for fostering a culture of commitment within the organization.

Environmental Heavy Metal Exposure and Associated Cardiovascular Diseases in Light of the Triglyceride Glucose Index.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), primarily ischemic heart disease and stroke, remain leading global health burdens. Environmental risk factors have a major role in the development of CVD, particularly exposure to heavy metals. The Triglyceride Glucose Index (TyG), a measure of insulin resistance and CVD risk, is the primary focus of this study, which summarizes the most recent findings on the effects of lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and cadmium (Cd) on CVD risk. A higher risk of CVD is correlated with an elevated TyG index, which has been linked to insulin resistance. Exposure to Cd is associated with disturbance of lipid metabolism and oxidative stress, which increases the risk of CVD and TyG. Exposure reduces insulin secretion and signaling, which raises the TyG index and causes dyslipidemia. Pb exposure increases the risk of CVD and TyG index via causing oxidative stress and pancreatic β-cell destruction. These results highlight the need of reducing heavy metal exposure by lifestyle and environmental modifications in order to lower the risk of CVD. To comprehend the mechanisms and create practical management plans for health hazards associated with heavy metals, more study is required.

Cluster Dimensions of the Space of a New Residential District of Ukrainian ‘Post-Socialist’ City

The article presents research material devoted to new dimensions of the spatial organization of residential areas of Ukrainian “post-socialist” city. He is currently faced with the challenges of military actions aimed at destroying the urban environment of Ukrainian cities. Residential areas of the micro-district type of the “post-socialist” city are mostly built on the basis of the postulates of functionalism. In the theory and practice of urban planning, they did not foresee the vulnerability of objects of necessary and social infrastructure. The criteria of centrality, as focus of concentration of functions of the spatial organization of the city, are currently being transformed into criteria of dispersion. Functional zoning acquires the multiplicative nature of multidimensional functional zoning. Fractal urbanism methodology assumes local freedom and global cohesion of individual urban planning elements. New exponential organizational structures with innovative digital technologies create “breakthrough” models of development. One of which is the urban planning cluster. The new residential area “Levada-2” in the city of Poltava (Ukraine) is presented, which demonstrates the latest approaches in the cluster organization of living space.

Civil Law in the Context of Inheritance: Drafting a Validand Functioning Will

This research aims to explore the aspects of civil law related to inheritance with a focus on the preparation of legal and functional wills in Indonesia. Wills are important documents in estate planning that can reduce potential disputes between heirs. However, public understanding of the importance of wills and the legal provisions that govern them is still low. Through a normative juridical approach, this study collects data from literature studies, analysis of laws and regulations, case studies, and interviews with legal practitioners and the public. The results of the study show that the involvement of notaries in the preparation of wills is very important to ensure the validity of documents and prevent disputes. Although there are various educational programs regarding wills, their effectiveness still needs to be improved. The recommendations resulting from this study include the need for increased cooperation between legal practitioners, educational institutions, and community organizations in educating the public on the importance of heritage planning. Thus, it is hoped that public awareness of the preparation of wills will increase, so that the practice of inheritance planning in Indonesia can be more effective and in accordance with the applicable legal provisions.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY OF THE TOURISM SECTOR ENTERPRISES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: GLOBAL AND UKRAINIAN DIMENSIONS

In 2020, one of the main negative factors affecting the development of the tourism sector was the COVID-19 pandemic. Complicating the economic situation due to the coronavirus crisis for developing countries and local communities that are disproportionately dependent on tourism threatens the growth of poverty in these countries, not to mention the possibility of developing the tourism industry on a sustainable basis. The article examines the situation in the tourism industry of Ukraine, which has arisen as a result of the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, and analyzes the possibilities of recovery and development of the tourism industry based on sustainable tourism. Based on the analysis of statistical data and the study of the level and trends in the development of the tourism business at the global and national levels, the authors proposed practical directions for the recovery of the tourism industry in the context of COVID-19, which will be beneficial not only for Ukraine but for developing countries as well. It is shown that the crisis in the tourism industry, which arose as a result of quarantine restrictions to reduce the spread of the pandemic, has complicated the process of implementing the Sustainable Tourism Concept for countries with low economic performance. It has been proven that the further development of tourism in developing countries based on cooperation and consistency of measures is needed to regulate travel at the bilateral, regional and international levels, to ensure safety for travellers and workers. Bringing together the government, the public, and the business community to work on a practical and implementable plan to revive the tourism sector. Increasing investment in technology, green infrastructure and jobs.

Influence of Strategic Planning on Banking Performance via Differentiation Strategy

Effective strategic planning plays a crucial role in enhancing the performance of banking businesses. This research aims to analyze the impact of strategic planning on banking business performance through the implementation of differentiation strategy. Utilizing a quantitative approach, primary data was collected through surveys distributed to senior managers from several banks operating in various markets. Multiple linear regression analysis was employed to evaluate the relationship between strategic planning, strategic differentiation, and business performance. The research findings indicate that strategic planning significantly influences strategic differentiation in the context of the banking industry. Additionally, strategic differentiation also positively contributes to banking business performance. The implications of these findings are that banks implementing effective strategic planning tend to adopt better differentiation strategies, thereby enhancing their performance in facing intense market competition. This study provides valuable contributions to understanding the relationship between strategic planning, strategic differentiation, and business performance in the banking context. The results offer guidance for banks to improve their strategic planning practices and implement effective differentiation strategies to strengthen their competitive position in the market. Future research could explore additional factors influencing this relationship and broaden the industry scope to validate these findings more comprehensively.

Cluster Dimensions of the Space of a New Residential District of Ukrainian ‘Post-Socialist’ City

The article presents research material devoted to new dimensions of the spatial organization of residential areas of Ukrainian “post-socialist” city. He is currently faced with the challenges of military actions aimed at destroying the urban environment of Ukrainian cities. Residential areas of the micro-district type of the “post-socialist” city are mostly built on the basis of the postulates of functionalism. In the theory and practice of urban planning, they did not foresee the vulnerability of objects of necessary and social infrastructure. The criteria of centrality, as focus of concentration of functions of the spatial organization of the city, are currently being transformed into criteria of dispersion. Functional zoning acquires the multiplicative nature of multidimensional functional zoning. Fractal urbanism methodology assumes local freedom and global cohesion of individual urban planning elements. New exponential organizational structures with innovative digital technologies create “breakthrough” models of development. One of which is the urban planning cluster. The new residential area “Levada-2” in the city of Poltava (Ukraine) is presented, which demonstrates the latest approaches in the cluster organization of living space.

Optimization and Application of Comprehensive Environmental-Economic Evaluation Indicator System in Sustainable Development Policies of Chinese Manufacturing Industry

This paper focuses on optimizing the comprehensive environmental-economic evaluation index system to enhance the sustainable development policy of China’s manufacturing industry. The current indicator system, while useful, has notable shortcomings that limit its effectiveness. To address these issues, the paper proposes the inclusion of crucial indicators such as green productivity, carbon footprint, and water footprint, which are essential for providing a more holistic evaluation. These additions aim to capture better the environmental impacts and resource efficiency within the manufacturing sector. The paper also discusses the challenges in data acquisition, emphasizing the need for a standardized national environmental data platform. Such a platform would facilitate the collection of accurate, reliable, and accessible data, thereby improving the precision of evaluations. To further refine the assessment process, dynamic evaluation models, like the system dynamics model, are introduced. These models are designed to provide a more nuanced understanding of the environmental impacts over time, allowing for more responsive and adaptive policy-making. The optimized indicator system is expected to have significant applications in policy formulation, enterprise management, and social oversight. By providing a scientific basis for decision-making, it will play a critical role in advancing the sustainable development of China’s manufacturing industry, ensuring that environmental considerations are fully integrated into economic planning and industrial practices.

Medical image segmentation with UNet-based multi-scale context fusion

Histopathological examination holds a crucial role in cancer grading and serves as a significant reference for devising individualized patient treatment plans in clinical practice. Nevertheless, the distinctive features of numerous histopathological image targets frequently contribute to suboptimal segmentation performance. In this paper, we propose a UNet-based multi-scale context fusion algorithm for medical image segmentation, which extracts rich contextual information by extracting semantic information at different encoding stages and assigns different weights to the semantic information at different scales through TBSFF module to improve the learning ability of the network for features. Through multi-scale context fusion and feature selection networks, richer semantic features and detailed information are extracted. The target can be more accurately segmented without significantly increasing the extra overhead. The results demonstrate that our algorithm achieves superior Dice and IoU scores with a relatively small parameter count. Specifically, on the GlaS dataset, the Dice score is 90.56, and IoU is 83.47. For the MoNuSeg dataset, the Dice score is 79.07, and IoU is 65.98.

Needs Assessment for Primary Care for Best Practice Implementation: The CIRCE Joint Action

Abstract Introduction CIRCE is a Joint Action (JA) supporting the transfer of six best practices (BPs) to new primary care settings in Europe. High-quality needs assessment can set the foundation for strong planning and implementation of the CIRCE-JA best practices in these new primary care settings. Methods A needs assessment tool was developed based on the TO-REACH knowledge transfer framework and learnings from a scoping review of international knowledge transfer frameworks. The needs assessment provides structured tool for local sites to self-assess the alignment of the BP with local priorities, readiness of the local site to successfully implement the BP, the availability of necessary leadership, resources and partnerships, and an examination of barriers to local BP implementation and mitigation strategies. Results Twenty-six CIRCE-JA teams completed the needs assessments. Local teams identified the CIRCE-JA BPs were value-adding and aligned with local priorities. Cross-cutting barriers were identified which were common among the six CIRCE-JA best practices across five thematic areas: (1) provider level, (2) intervention level, (3) health system/policy level, (4) partnership and physical resources and (5) information technology. The needs assessment supported primary care sites with a structured approach to planning for transfer of BPs to their local setting that is based on established international best practices and knowledge transfer frameworks including early identification of barriers and mitigating strategies. Conclusions The needs assessment has supported teams with conducting a self-assessment and informing initial planning for adoption of the BP in their local primary care practice. Given the importance of the local needs assessment to high quality implementation of BP the CIRCE-JA experience with local needs assessment may provide learnings for future BP transfer initiatives. Key messages • Local needs assessment supports the transfer of best practices to primary care settings, which is a critical component of service transformation during the post-COVID-19 period. • For successful transfer of best practices in primary care, it is vital to give to examine such as provider capacity, available human resources, health policy, and information technology.

Organisation of school environment on reopening schools amidst COVID-19: Barriers and facilitators

Abstract Background The reopening of schools during the COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound global impact, affecting millions of students, educators, and families worldwide. This organisation study, conducted in collaboration with professionals from Brazil, Mozambique, and Portugal, focuses on the organisation of school environments to ensure education safety and continuity, underscoring the global relevance of our findings. Methods A consortium of 12 countries developed a script for the semi-structured online interviews used in this study, which took place between March and December 2021. Focusing on the reorganisation of schools during lockdowns in the classroom, we interviewed 12 native Portuguese speakers involved in this process. We applied thematic analysis using NVivo v.22.0 to transcript interviews. Results Results revealed complexities in school reopening during the public health crisis. Key barriers were disparities between public and private schools and inadequate infrastructure. Facilitators included thorough preparation of staff, community engagement, and strong collaboration between the educational and health sectors, along with classroom and school space adaptations. Conclusions This study highlighted significant barriers and facilitating factors affecting school reopening during the pandemic. Challenges such as educational inequalities and infrastructure gaps were evident, while effective facilitation involved comprehensive planning and stakeholder engagement. These findings offer valuable insights for strategic planning and professional practice in ensuring safe and continuous education during pandemics. Key messages • Global collaboration in this study spotlights the complex challenges and necessary strategies for safely reopening schools amid a pandemic. • Research underscores the critical role of thorough preparation and community engagement in overcoming educational disparities during crises.

Cross-sectoral interventions to promote health-supportive urban environments

Abstract Background As dealing with the complexity of urban living conditions becomes more and more evident and urgent, it is fundamental to promote cross-sectoral interventions that allow cities to become more inclusive and supportive of health. The Emilia-Romagna region, Italy, has promoted a participatory initiative to structurally integrate health into urban planning tools, identifying a framework of tailored urban indicators linked to locally perceived population health issues. Methods Through internal discussion and systematic literature research, a set of urban planners, epidemiologists, and public health experts from regional offices, local health services, universities, and environmental protection agencies identified the urban and health dimensions most suitable for embedding population health into city planning. The result was summarised in a preliminary working paper, which included a matrix of associations between urban features and health dimensions framed according to the DPSEEA framework. Its applicability was then tested in a participatory process (March-May 2024) involving urban planners and public health departments of 7 different sized municipalities. Results A group of epidemiologists identified local-level computable indicators for the health dimensions already included in the matrix or added at request. Each municipality focused on specific topics based on local priorities: 3 groups assessing their already-approved urban plans and looking for computable urban indicators; the others integrating their under-construction plans with local health indicators. Conclusions The need for professional contamination and cross-sectoral interventions is significant. Epidemiological support is pivotal in integrating different professional languages and reading health data. The outputs of this experience will contribute to a technical document outlining how to incorporate health promotion into urban planning tools and practice while actively considering the local context. Key messages • Although the development of a common vocabulary can be difficult, multidisciplinary collaboration is essential in promoting a model for integrating health promotion into urban planning. • Local municipalities’ involvement in the experimentation can improve the model’s applicability by taking into account territorial specificities.

Decoding urban power: Architecture, symbolism and territorial control in Caracas

This study examines the conflictual dynamics surrounding the utilisation of state-architecture and symbolic imagery as instruments for power consolidation, profoundly shaping national identity and perceptions within the built environment. Drawing on Bourdieu's concepts of symbolic power and cultural capital, this research illuminates the complex interplay between architecture, territory and power. It offers insights into the endurance of societal values and the ongoing renegotiation and reconfiguration of urban space. The research also analyses how urban planning and territorial practices can ignite resistance and challenge existing power structures. The city of Caracas serves as a case study, where two key strategies employed by the current government are analysed: the “Great Housing Mission Venezuela” and the proliferation of Chávez symbolism across the urban realm. By exploring these territorialisation practices in Las Adjuntas, Macarao, the study further unveils the dynamics of power and socio-spatial hierarchies encoded in the urban landscape. These architectural and symbolic interventions are interpreted as attempts to shape perceived realities, consolidate hegemonic control, and regulate the city's socio-spatial order. The findings assert that these practices not only reflect power distribution, but also grant the potential for dominating, producing and controlling territories in nuanced ways. This multidisciplinary study provides a novel framework for decoding power structures embedded in the built environment.

Evaluating the impacts of area closure on soil properties in south central highland of Ethiopia

Soil degradation affects its quality and productivity of the land. To control soil degradation, various soil and water conservation (SWC) measures, including area closure are implemented. Understanding the impacts of SWC measures could support planning and implementation of land management practices. This study aimed to investigate impacts of area closure on soil properties in south central highland of Ethiopia. To acquire the necessary data, we conducted interviews with 80 households. Furthermore, nine years old area closure with physical soil and water conservation (AC-SWC), open grazing with physical SWC (OG-SWC), and open grazing without physical SWC (OG) were identified and each divided into upper, middle, and lower slope positions. In each slope position, 3 sample plots were established at 25–50 m intervals. A total of 27 composite samples and other 27 core samples for bulk density (3 treatments∗3 slope position∗3 replications) were collected and analyzed for soil properties. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA. The results showed that about 98 % of the respondents perceived that area closure would be an effective way to restore degraded land. Majority of the farmers (86 %) believed that area closure could reduce soil erosion and replenish soil fertility and thus, is beneficial in improving land productivity. Soil test results revealed that AC-SWC had significantly greater (P < 0.05) clay fractions, pH, available potassium, and available phosphorus than OG-SWC and OG. Variations of soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) were more pronounced. The SOC in AC-SWC was 83 % and 314 % greater than OG-SWC and OG, respectively. In the AC-SWC, TN was three and seven times higher than that of OG-SWC and OG, respectively. This could be due to vegetation restoration that reduces erosion, and enhances organic matter, moisture, and nutrient. The SOC, TN, pH, available potassium, and clay were significantly greater (P < 0.05) at lower slope position than upper in all forms of land management, which could be due to deposition at downslope. About 12 % and 11 % variations of clay fractions and SOC were, respectively, observed in between upper and lower slope positions at AC-SWC, but they varied by 25 % and 57 %, respectively, in OG. These imply area closure has had a beneficial effect on soil properties even on sloping land. AC-SWC is an important option to integrate in land management for rehabilitation of degraded soil.