Practical Conditions Research Articles

Правовое регулирование добросовестных практик в сфере предпринимательства

The article deals with the peculiarities of legal regulation of fair practices in the course of entrepreneurial activity. According to the author, the maintenance of the system of fair practices is aimed at resolving the most complex issues of interaction between entrepreneurs and other participants of entrepreneurial activity. In the conditions of the modern market fair practices are considered in the context of the general problem of civil liability and sustainable business development. These problems are studied as a structural element of corporative social responsibility of business.

Applying Clinical Practice Guidelines on Chronic Headaches, Neck Pain, and Chest Symptoms: A Single Case Report

BACKGROUND: Neck pain and headaches are common conditions in physical therapy practice. Clinical practice guidelines (CPG’s) are forms of evidence designed to decrease practice variability and guide care. CPG recommendations are general, with few specific tactics recommended, which could be a factor in their limited adoption and poor application. This case report demonstrates an example of implementing the Academy of Orthopedic Physical Therapy (AOPT) Neck Pain Revision CPG while also highlighting limitations and areas lacking specificity. CASE PRESENTATION: The patient was a 37-year-old female with neck pain, chest pain, and headaches. She was treated following the recommendations within the AOPT CPG along with psychologically informed practice. The Neck Disability Index (NDI), Patient Specific Functional Scale (PSFS), Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ), symptoms, and impairments were measured at evaluation, discharge, and 2 months post discharge. OUTCOMES: Clinically meaningful improvements in NDI and PSFS scores, improved cervical endurance, scapular strength, and cervical motor control were observed at discharge. Additional improvements in NDI scores were seen at 2-months post discharge. DISCUSSION: While the CPG promotes the use of manual therapy, exercise and general screening, the authors demonstrate specific techniques for identifying and managing fear avoidance behavior with cognitive and graded exposure techniques.

Evaluating video and hybrid group consultations in general practice: mixed-methods, participatory study protocol (TOGETHER 2).

General practice is facing an unprecedented challenge in managing the consequences of the pandemic. In the midst of a policy drive to balance remote and in-person service provision, substantial workload pressures remain, together with increasing prevalence of long-term conditions, and declining staff numbers and morale. To address these challenges, some practices in the UK have been delivering video and hybrid group consultations (VHGCs) providing clinical care to multiple patients at the same time. Despite positive initial findings and enthusiasm, there are still gaps in our understanding of the influence VHGCs have on patient experience, healthcare utilisation, quality, safety, equity and affordability. To generate an in-depth understanding of VHGCs for chronic conditions in general practice, surface assumptions and sociotechnical dynamics, inform practice and extend theorisation. Mixed-methods, multi-site research study using co-design and participatory methods, from qualitative, quantitative and cost-related perspectives. WP1 includes a national, cross-sectional survey on VHGC provision across the UK. In WP2 we will engage patients and general practice staff in co-design workshops to develop VHGC models with emphasis on digital inclusion and equity. In WP3 we will carry out a mixed-methods process evaluation in up to 10 GP practices across England (5 sites already running VHGCs and 5 comparison sites). Qualitative methods will include interviews, focus groups and ethnographic observation to examine the experiences of patients, carers, clinical and non-clinical NHS staff, commissioners and policy-makers. Quantitative methods will examine the impact of VHGCs on healthcare utilisation in primary and secondary care, patient satisfaction, engagement and activation. We will also assess value for money of group and individual care models from a health economics perspective. We aim to develop transferable learning on sociotechnical change in healthcare delivery, using VHGCs as an exemplar of technology-supported innovation. Findings will also inform the design of a future study.

Research on the Cultivation of Artificial Intelligence Professionals in Vocational Colleges

With the rapid development of the global economy and the continuous advancement of technology, the artificial intelligence industry has become a new engine for the development of the world economy today. China's vocational colleges have launched a wave of professional construction in the era of artificial intelligence. However, during the construction process, there have been problems such as a mismatch between the level of education and the needs of industry enterprises, a dilemma in the positioning of talent training goals, curriculum construction lagging behind the actual application of enterprises, a lack of teaching staff and low level of specialization, low coupling of demands between school enterprise cooperation, and obvious lag in the construction of practical teaching conditions. In response to technological changes and industrial development trends, vocational colleges should actively take measures to address these issues under the macroeconomic regulation and specific coordination of the government, with the full participation of industry enterprises. To cultivate more high-quality talents with innovative spirit, practical ability, and international competitiveness for the artificial intelligence industry.

The use of nursing work index as a practice conditions assessment for the Romanian nurse’s case

The use of nursing work index as a practice conditions assessment for the Romanian nurse’s case

Interface reinforced by polymer binder for expandable carbon fiber structural lithium-ion battery composites

Carbon fiber (CF) composite structural battery (SB) is a novel energy storage device that integrates electrochemical energy storage with mechanical load-bearing capability. Carbon fiber's inherent conjugated carbon network possesses excellent electronic conductivity, thus serving as a current collector for electrode active materials. The bonding between active materials and carbon fibers relies on their manufacturing processes, requiring optimization of their electrochemical performance and addressing the challenges of large-scale production. In this work, a LiFePO4/PEO-LiTFSI/CF composite cathode was fabricated using the direct coating method. Polyethylene oxide (PEO) acted as a binder to form a stable LiFePO4 (LFP) coating on the carbon fiber woven fabric, while multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) were employed to construct a conductive network. This significantly enhanced both the charge-discharge performance and interface stability of the composite cathode. This composite cathode achieved a first-cycle discharge-specific capacity of 133.21 mAh·g−1 at 0.1 C rate and retained 93.7 % of its capacity after 200 cycles at 1 C rate. Based on this composite cathode, multiple active material coatings were integrated onto a carbon fiber woven fabric to manufacture an expandable multi-cell structural battery. Its advantage lies in the ability of multiple battery cells to disperse stress under load, thus achieving a higher capacity retention rate under bending loads. The structural battery possesses a high degree of customizability, allowing for adjustment of the area, position, and quantity of active material coatings to meet the demands of practical conditions.

Toward Practical Li–S Batteries: On the Road to a New Electrolyte

AbstractThe lithium–sulfur (Li–S) battery system has attracted considerable attention due to its ultrahigh theoretical energy density and promising applications. However, with the increasing demands on S loading and electrolyte content, practical Li–S batteries still face several serious challenges, such as slow reaction kinetics at the cathode interface, unstable anode interface reactions, and undesirable crosstalk effects between the cathode and anode. Traditional electrolyte systems often struggle to address these challenges under practical conditions, thereby rendering it imperative to establish a new electrolyte system for practical Li–S batteries. This review first discusses the necessity of establishing a new electrolyte and propose specific parameter requirements, such as the electrolyte‐to‐sulfur mass ratio (Em/S). Subsequently, some electrolyte modification strategies proposed by researchers are summarized to address the different challenges associated with practical Li–S batteries. Finally, the combination of different strategies is reviewed, aiming to reveal more effective design approaches that simultaneously address multiple challenges, while providing guidance for establishing a new balanced electrolyte for practical Li–S batteries. This article promotes the development of new electrolytes for practical Li–S batteries and can act as a reference for the development of electrolytes for other secondary batteries.

A General Copper-Box System for the Asymmetric Arylative Functionalization of Benzylic, Propargylic or Allenylic Radicals.

Radical-involved arylative cross-coupling reactions have recently emerged as an attractive strategy to access valuable aryl-substituted motifs. However, there still exist several challenges such as limited scope of radical precursors/acceptors, and lack of general asymmetric catalytic systems, especially regarding the multicomponent variants. Herein, we reported a general copper-Box system for asymmetric three-component arylative radical cross-coupling of vinylarenes and 1,3-enynes, with oxime carbonates and aryl boronic acids. The reactions proceed under practical conditions in the absence or presence of visible-light irradiation, affording chiral 1,1-diarylalkanes, benzylic alkynes and allenes with good enantioselectivities. Mechanistic studies imply that the copper/Box complexes play a dual role in both radical generation and ensuing asymmetric cross-coupling. In the cases of 1,3-enynes, visible-light irradiation could improve the activity of copper/Box complex toward the initial radical generation, enabling better efficiency match between radical formation and cross-coupling.

Study on hand disinfection in inpatient geriatric care on the superiority of cold plasma aerosol versus alcohol-based disinfection methods in a parallel group design

The introduction of fundamental hygiene protocols within the healthcare sector during the nineteenth century led to a significant reduction in mortality rates. Contemporary advancements, such as alcohol-based sanitizers, have further enhanced hand hygiene practices. However, these measures are often overlooked in nursing facilities, resulting in low staff compliance rates and increased cross-infection rates. Novel approaches, such as cold plasma hand disinfection, present promising alternatives due to their minimal skin damage and economic benefits. This study aims to compare the disinfectant efficacy of cold plasma aerosol under practical application conditions with an alcoholic hand disinfectant listed by the Association for Applied Hygiene. The microbial count on participants’ hands was measured, with particular attention paid to the spontaneous occurrence of fecal indicators and the presence of potentially infectious bacteria. A t-test for independent samples was conducted to determine whether there was a significant difference between the two cohorts regarding the research question. Statistical analysis revealed that the mean log colony-forming unit (CFU) values were significantly lower in the test cohort using only the cold plasma method for hand disinfection compared to the cohort using conventional alcohol-based hand disinfection. Moreover, it was demonstrated that, unlike alcohol-based hand disinfection, cold plasma application ensures the effective elimination of Staphylococcus aureus. The findings indicate that staff utilizing plasma disinfection have an average bacterial count that is 0.65 log units lower than those who regularly use alcohol-based hand disinfection. In addition to the efficacy of cold plasma disinfection, its superiority over alcohol-based hand disinfection was also established. Beyond offering economic and logistical advantages, cold plasma disinfection provides additional health benefits as it does not induce skin damage, unlike alcohol-based hand disinfection.

Testing the dual-memory framework: individual differences in the magnitude of the retrieval practice effect and fluid intelligence.

Retrieving information from memory enhances long-term retention. In this manuscript, we describe the dual-memory framework, which makes interval-scale predictions of the magnitude of this retrieval practice effect. After outlining the framework, we use data from our laboratory-both at the group level and at the distribution level-to fit the equations from the dual-memory framework. Overall, we successfully fitted the model predictions to the observed average data. In addition, we compared the predicted and the observed distributions of performance in the retrieval practice condition. More importantly, we introduce a useful approach to simulate empirical scenarios and test the relationship between individual-difference variables and the retrieval practice effect. We illustrate the application of this approach using data from a study that measured fluid intelligence. Future studies may benefit from contrasting different strength-based frameworks.

A Fluorinated Lewis Acidic Organoboron Tunes Polysulfide Complex Structure for High‐Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

AbstractMany challenges in lithium‐sulfur (Li–S) batteries are associated with the radical change in lithium polysulfide (LPS) solubility during cycling, but chemical approaches to address such inconsistency are still lacking. Here, the use of a strong Lewis acidic fluorinated organoboron, tri(2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl) borate (TFEB), is reported as a multi‐functional mediator to simultaneously overcome multiple technical barriers in practical Li–S batteries. TFEB acts as an anion acceptor and forms strong molecular complexes with Lewis basic LPS. The TFEB‐LPS complexes have consistent solubility across the full polysulfide spectrum and deliver several times improved better redox kinetics, unlocking a true redox catalytic mechanism that covers the majority of redox events in thick sulfur cathodes. As a result, Li–S batteries evaluated under practical conditions exhibit significantly improved discharge capacity, rate capability, and cycling stability with the addition of the TFEB additive. More importantly, TFEB also contributes to the stabilization of lithium anode in the presence of polysulfides by generating strong interfacial film. These attributes significantly improve the cycling stability of practical Li–S pouch cells, which are assembled with a unit energy density of 219 Wh kg−1. The results provide new molecular insights on the design of unlocking solvation networks of practical Li–S systems.

Lithium metal based battery systems with ultra-high energy density beyond 500 W h kg-1.

As industries and consumption patterns evolve, new electrical appliances are increasingly playing critical roles in national production, defense, and cognitive exploration. However, the slow development of energy storage devices with ultra-high energy density (beyond 500 W h kg-1) has impeded the promotion and widespread application of the next generation of intelligent, multi-scenario electrical equipment. Among the numerous ultra-high specific energy battery systems, lithium metal batteries (LMBs) hold significant potential for applications in advanced and sophisticated fields. This potential is primarily due to lithium metal's high specific capacity (3860 mA h g-1). However, LMBs face numerous challenges, including the growth of lithium dendrites, poor cycle stability, and safety concerns. In recent years, research on the mechanisms of Li metal-based battery systems, innovation in electrode materials, and optimization of device configurations have made significant progress. In this highlight, we provide a comprehensive overview of the storage mechanisms and the latest advancements in high-energy-density LMBs, represented by systems such as Li-Li1-xMO2, Li-S/Se, Li-gas (CO2/air/O2), Li-CFx, and all-solid-state LMBs. By integrating the current research findings, we highlight the opportunities and future research directions for high-energy-density LMBs, offering new guiding perspectives for their development under practical conditions.

Exploring Nitrogen Reduction Reaction Mechanisms with Graphyne-Confined Single-Atom Catalysts: A Computational Study Incorporating Electrode Potential and pH.

This study reconciles discrepancies between practical electrochemical conditions and theoretical density functional theory (DFT) frameworks, evaluating three graphyne-confined single-atom catalysts (Mo-TEB, Mo@GY, and Mo@GDY). Using both constant charge models in vacuum and constant potential models with continuum implicit solvation, we closely mimic real-world electrochemical environments. Our findings highlight the crucial role of explicitly incorporating electrode potential and pH in the constant potential model, providing enhanced insights into the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) mechanisms. Notably, the superior NRR performance of Mo-TEB is attributed to the d-band center's proximity to the Fermi level and enhanced magnetic moments at the atomic center. This research advances our understanding of graphyne-confined single-atom catalysts as effective NRR platforms and underscores the significance of the constant potential model for accurate DFT studies of electrochemical reactions.

Solid amine adsorbent with surfactant modification for Direct Air Capture (DAC) under different temperature and humidity conditions

Direct air capture (DAC) technologies have been vigorously pursued to achieve the goal of net-zero CO2 emissions due to the dramatic increase in atmosphere CO2 concentrations and global temperatures. In practical DAC conditions, variations in temperature and humidity can lead to different CO2 adsorption outcomes. Current studies lack comprehensive information on the optimal temperature and humidity conditions for DAC. In this study, a comparison between PMSU-F (impregnating polyethyleneimine (PEI600) on MSU-F support) and PPMSU-F (co-impregnating polyethylene glycol (PEG200) with PEI600 on MSU-F support) under different temperature and relative humidity conditions were conducted. Under dry conditions, the addition of PEG200 effectively enhanced the adsorption capacity, adsorption rate, and amine efficiency and decreased the energy consumption for desorption depending on the comparison of the two absorbents. Under the popular atmospheric temperature ranges (−5 °C–45 °C), an increase in temperature favors CO2 adsorption. Under humid conditions, the presence of PEG200 had a negative effect due to its strong hydrophilicity. By comparing dry and humid conditions, the introduction of moisture generally enhanced overall CO2 adsorption performance, and the adsorption capacity interestingly further increased under low-temperature conditions. The highest CO2 adsorbing capacity of PMSU-F (3.82 mmol/g) and PPMSU-F (3.76 mmol/g) appeared at −5 °C and 75% relative humidity, indicating that low temperature and relatively high relative humidity were more favorable for DAC, which is possibly attributed to the thermodynamic control under low temperatures with moisture. The results indicate that the adsorbents chosen in this study are promising for DAC under low temperatures and relatively high humidity conditions. The performances of modified DAC adsorbents, e.g., adsorption capacity, stability, antioxidant property for industrial-grade DAC system should be evaluated in the next work.

Regulatory cell therapy for kidney transplantation and autoimmune kidney diseases.

Regulatory cell therapies, including regulatory T cells and mesenchymal stromal cells, have shown promise in early clinical trials for reducing immunosuppression burden in transplantation. While regulatory cell therapies may also offer potential for treating autoimmune kidney diseases, data remains sparse, limited mainly to preclinical studies. This review synthesises current literature on the application of regulatory cell therapies in these fields, highlighting the safety and efficacy shown in existing clinical trials. We discuss the need for further clinical validation, optimisation of clinical and immune monitoring protocols, and the challenges of manufacturing and quality control under Good Manufacturing Practice conditions, particularly for investigator-led trials. Additionally, we explore the potential for expanding clinical indications and the unique challenges posed in paediatric applications. Future directions include scaling up production, refining protocols to ensure consistent quality across manufacturing sites, and extending applications to other immune-mediated diseases.

A rapid immersion measurement for the diffusion constant of chloride ions in the geopolymer concrete

Accurate measurement of chloride ion diffusion coefficient, without external interference, is essential for obtaining data that closely reflects practical conditions. The diffusion constants of chloride ions within fly ash-based geopolymer concrete (FGPC) with a one-dimension immersion method employed to record the time taken for diffusion to occur over a specific distance were investigated in this work. The results showed a clear relationship between the diffusion constant and the strength of FGPC. Within the same strength of FGPC, the diffusion distance (thickness) is proportional to the square root of diffusion time. The minimum diffusion constant is approximately 8.90 × 10−11 m2/s which is close to the result in an immersion test. The method employed in this study is demonstrated to be both feasible and applicable for assessing the diffusion constant of chloride ions in FGPC quickly. It promotes a rapid evaluation method to predict the diffusion process under practical conditions.

Hydrogen storage and refueling options: A performance evaluation

This study focuses on the comparative modeling and refueling simulations of hydrogen refueling stations for hydrogen-powered vehicles and high-pressure hydrogen storage options in tanks. The study further aims to simulate these under actual conditions in Ontario, Canada for better assessment which can be treated as a case study as well. The specific tests explore the modeling of hydrogen flow between the recharging station to the car's tank, as well as the optimization of transient variations in temperature, pressure and mass flow rate of hydrogen throughout the process of refueling a fuel cell electric vehicle. The H2FILLS program is utilized to assist for the simulation studies. The primary objective is to replicate various practical weather conditions, tank pressures, flow rates, and refueling periods for different categories of high-pressure hydrogen storage tanks and analyze their storage efficiency. The three different commercially available high-pressure type-IV hydrogen storage tanks were considered in the study as tank-I, tank-II and tank-III with working pressures of 500 bar, 700 bar, 700 bar, and hydrogen storage capacity of 9.5 kg, 4.6 kg, and 5 kg, respectively. Seven different ambient temperatures were selected to mimic seasonal effects. When the power output is constant, with temperature increases, flow rate decreases, and therefore time required to refuel also increases. There is a linear relationship between the final mass flow rate and the ambient temperature, where the mass flow rate drops by approximately 1.8 kg/h for every 10 °C rise in temperature. The variation in ultimate mass flow rate between the highest and lowest ambient temperatures is roughly 5.4 kg/h. Based on the refueling time and docking, undocking, downtime it’s been found that approximately five minutes is wasted between each vehicle. This can help reduce average of 230.02 kt, 231.70 kt, and 235.06 kt CO2 emission per year for vehicle-III, vehicle-II, and vehicle-I, respectively. Lastly, yearly CO2 reduction forecast shows that it may reach 0.9 Mt, 1.6 Mt, 2.7Mt, 3.76 Mt, and 4.73 Mt in the year 2030, 2035, 2040, 2045, and 2050, respectively corresponding to the Global Net-Zero scenario.

400 Effect of pH on in vitro ruminal metabolism of trans-10 18:1 and trans-11 18:1

Abstract Dietary C18 unsaturated fatty acids are extensively biohydrogenated by rumen microbiota into 18:0 and trans-18:1 isomers. Usually, the biohydrogenation (BH) pathways produce mostly 18:0 and trans-11 18:1 as the main intermediate. However, when fed low-forage diets that decrease the rumen pH, the main BH intermediate often is the trans-10 18:1 isomer. This change in BH, called the trans-10 shift, is associated with milk fat depression, but despite that, little is known about the triggers of the trans-10 shift and its ecological role in rumen microbiota. Microbiota stressed by low rumen pH may benefit from increased trans-18:1 availability favoring the production of the trans-18:1 isomer with a slower rate of BH. Thus, we hypothesize that at low rumen pH conditions, the BH of trans-10 18:1 will be slower than that of trans-11 18:1. We tested that with an in vitro experiment using batch incubation in Hungate tubes, replicated in 5 wk. In each run, 24 tubes were allocated at 6 treatments and 4 incubation times (0, 6, 24 and 48 h). The treatments resulted from the combination of 2 buffering solution pH (6.74 vs. 5.85) and 3 substrates: 1) Control (60 mg feed DM) 2) T10 (Control plus 1.2 mg of trans-10 18:1) and 3) T11 (Control plus 1.2 mg of trans-11 18:1). Volatile fatty acids (VFA) and long-chain fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography. Data were analyzed using the 2 × 3 factorial arrangement for each incubation time. Low pH resulted in less 30 to 37% DM disappearance than those with high pH at all incubation times (P < 0.05). The decrease in VFA with low pH was less expressive (≈17%) and only evident at 24 and 48 h incubation times. The low pH also decreased (P < 0.05) the BH of 18:1n-9 (less ≈47 to 53%), 18:2n-6 (less 30 to 34%) and 18:3n-3 (less 20 to 22%) at 24h and 48h incubation times, respectively. The disappearance of trans-11 18:1 was 14.6% at 6 h, 29.0% at 24 h and 32.8% at 48 h and was not affected by pH. The disappearance of trans-10 18:1 was dependent on pH. At 6 h and high pH the disappearance of both was similar, but at low pH the disappearance of trans-10 18:1 was much less (9.8%) than that of trans-11 18:1. However, at 48 h and low pH, the disappearance was similar between isomers and the disappearance of trans-10 18:1 was much greater (46.6%) than trans-11 18:1. In summary, the BH of trans-10 18:1 is less at low pH than at high pH, and this could in part explain its abundance in some practical ruminant feeding conditions. Acknowledgements: Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) funding through PTDC/CAL-ZOO/29654/2017(RumOmics), PTDC/CAL-ZOO/4515/2021(Gene2Rumen), UIDB/00276/2020 (CIISA), and LA/P/0059/2020 (AL4Animals) projects.

An exact constraint programming method for the multi-manned assembly line balancing problem with assignment restrictions

This paper proposes an exact Constraint Programming (CP) method with an extensive focus on real-world constraints for the Multi-manned Assembly Line Balancing Problem with Assignment Restrictions (MALBP-AR). We perform an in-depth literature review to gather examples from real assembly lines and organize the AR regarding tasks, stations, workers, and mounting positions. Our study classifies the AR related to transformed resources and provides a general and unified model. We explore the concept of variable workplaces to dynamically assign workers to mounting positions and aggregate no overlap restrictions to avoid interference between workers. The classic MALBP model is extended by gradually incrementing the number of restrictions. The model variant found in the literature is herein called Partial MALBP-AR. Compared to the previous state-of-the-art Tabu Search Algorithm (TSA) for this problem, the Partial MALBP-AR found twelve additional optimality proofs. Besides the relevant results regarding solution quality, the CP method also has a satisfactory CPU performance. We also propose an entirely new set of AR and test these practical conditions with the so-called Extended MALBP-AR. Such an extended model, which covers all the AR presented here, reached optimality within the computational time limit for 36 out of 38 instances. The worst-case gap for an open instance is 8.20%. The results show a trade-off between the number of deemed restrictions and the computational performance. However, considering the detailed set of AR, we can obtain more representative solutions regarding the final balancing implementation compared to theoretical cases. The method can be used to design experiments, turning certain constraints on and off and allowing managers to evaluate different resource allocation scenarios.

Getting breastfeeding started under pandemic visiting restrictions: lessons learned in Germany

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic contact restrictions considerably changed maternal visiting contacts during the time in which breastfeeding is initiated. We wanted to know how maternity ward staff and mothers rated the conditions of starting breastfeeding under contact restrictions.MethodsIn the Breastfeeding in North Rhine-Westphalia (SINA) study, Germany, 2021/22, chief physicians as well as ward staff from 41 (out of 131) maternity hospitals (82 members of the healthcare sector in total) were surveyed by telephone concerning structural and practical conditions for breastfeeding support before and during the pandemic; 192 (out of 426 eligible) mothers answered an online-questionnaire about their breastfeeding experiences at 2 weeks and 2 months after birth.ResultsIn almost all of the hospitals, visits were restricted due to the pandemic, with the exception of the primary support person. After more than one year of pandemic experience, the ward staff were convinced that the restrictions were mostly positive for the mothers (97.6%) and for the ward staff themselves (78.0%). A total of 80.5% of the ward staff would maintain the restrictions beyond the pandemic. The mothers themselves mostly rated the restrictions in the hospital as being just right; moreover, many mothers voluntarily maintained the restrictions at home, at least in part.ConclusionsThe unprecedented visiting restrictions in hospitals during the pandemic were like an “experiment” born out of necessity. Restricting visiting arrangements may be an underestimated beneficial component for the development of the mother-infant dyad in perinatal breastfeeding care, particularly in healthcare systems where almost all births occur in the maternity hospital.Trial registrationGerman Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) (DRKS00027975).