Practice-based Methods Research Articles

A Filmmaking Research Continuum

Exploring aspects of the development of filmmaking research within the Academy over past decades, this article focuses on creative practice-based methods and the establishment of filmmaking as a legitimate research endeavour. It delves into the nuances of filmmaking research methodologies, specifically the rearticulation and repositioning of research practices to encompass both the work of filmmaking production and further filmmaking engagement with its reception. The importance of research statements in elucidating scholarly contributions made by films and other screen works, like scripts and video essays, is emphasised, alongside discussions of peer-review processes and the role of creative practice research journals in fostering critical dialogue within the filmmaking research community. Despite ongoing tensions between academic and industry requirements, the article argues for the progress of filmmaking research as a distinctive discipline with distinct methodologies, highlighting the need for continual refinement in quality assessment metrics to reflect the evolving nature of the field.

Describing, knotting, tying: developing emerging media documentary in a creative accelerator context

ABSTRACT This article discusses the experiences of six artists participating in a new Australian creative accelerator programme for emerging media documentary. Attending to the processes, perspectives and frames employed by these artists in developing their early-stage projects, the article explores the diverse practice-based methods employed in developing documentary for emerging media formats. The paper argues for the value of attending to process and practice, as key frameworks that set the context for eventual creative outcomes. In doing so, the paper aims to contribute to knowledge about methods to support artists in developing emerging media documentary in a creative accelerator context.

Practice-based methods of bringing to legal liability for anonymous defamation on the Internet and in the media

As of 2024, the need to coordinate generally accepted standards on legal liability for anonymous defamation in the virtual space of the Internet and the media is becoming more relevant in the context of rapid technological development and digital transformation. Therefore, the study aims to identify the most common and effective approaches to bringing liability for the dissemination of false information in the virtual space of the Internet and the media. A variety of scientific and legal methods were used to achieve this goal, in particular comparison, forecasting, generalisation, system analysis, formal legal, formal logical and other methods. The author analyses the controversial aspects related to the protection of individual dignity, honour and commercial reputation of individuals in the context of the Internet, covering the basis for the emergence of legal relations in this area and the practical challenges faced by individuals seeking to protect their rights to dignity and commercial reputation violated by the dissemination of information on the Internet which is considered to be biased or inaccurate. The study shows that most national courts today reject claims aimed at protecting privacy on the Internet and do not recognise the information disseminated through this channel as unreliable, without requiring its refutation. Recommendations that can be implemented in practice to bring individuals to legal liability for false information disseminated anonymously on the Internet and in the media are developed and justified in this study. The author suggests practical ways that can be used to exert legal influence on persons who commit anonymous defamation on the Internet and the media

Architecture on the couch: A transdisciplinary exploration of buildings as psychological subjects

This essay radically re-conceptualises architecture as a psycho-social subject entwined with the psychology of its creators and inhabitants. Seeking to understand the psychology of architecture, it discusses innovative, transdisciplinary, practice-based methods derived from psycho-social studies, psychoanalysis, and conceptual art, to explore the consciousness and unconsciousness of buildings. It then tests those methods on a case-study example – Oscar Niemeyer’s Communist Party headquarters in Paris – to speculate how psychological profiling may lead to a deeper understanding of the entangled human/non-human relations within a building, while also revealing potentials for therapeutic adaptation or reuse. The essay’s principal contribution is the re-conceptualisation of architecture as having profound and active psychological dimensions – the awareness and management of which potentially impacts upon liveability and lifespan – aided by a set of methods with which to reveal those psychological dimensions. It thus expands the scope for processes of architectural practice and contributes to transdisciplinarity within conceptual art.

Views of physiotherapists on factors that play a role in ethical decision-making: an international online survey study

BackgroundThere is a lack of knowledge about the ways physiotherapists around the world learn about professional code of ethics and ethical decision-making frameworks. The profession has a gap in the understanding about physiotherapists’ views on factors that play a role in ethical decision-making and whether these views differ between World Physiotherapy regions.MethodsAn online survey study in English was conducted from October 2018 to October 2019. Participants included 559 physiotherapists located in 72 countries. The self-designed survey questionnaire contained 13 items asking about demographic information and means of learning about ethical codes and decision-making frameworks. A further 30 items were presented which included statements underpinned with individual, organisational, situational and societal factors influencing ethical decision-making. Participants were asked to express their level of agreement or disagreement using a 5-point-Likert-scale.ResultsParticipants’ highest rated responses endorsed that the professional role of physiotherapists is linked to social expectations of ethical behaviour and that ethical decision-making requires more skills than simply following a code of ethics. A recognisable organisational ethical culture was rated as supporting good ethical decisions. Comparing responses by World Physiotherapy regions showed significant differences in factors such as culture, religion, emotions, organisational values, significant others, consequences of professional misconduct and professional obligations. Entry level education was not perceived to provide a solid base for ethical decision-making in every World Physiotherapy region. Participants reported multiple sources for learning about a professional code of ethics and ethical decision-making frameworks. What’s more, the number of sources differed between World Physiotherapy regions.ConclusionsMultiple factors play a role in physiotherapists’ ethical decision-making internationally. Physiotherapists’ ethical knowledge is informed by, and acquired from, several learning sources, which differ in both quality and quantity amongst World Physiotherapy regions. Easily accessible knowledge and education about professional codes of ethics and ethical decision-making can foster continuing professional development for physiotherapists. The establishment of constructive ethical cultures in workplaces can improve ethical decision-making, and should acknowledge the influence of individual, organisational, situational and societal factors. The establishment of collaborative learning environments can support knowledge translation which acknowledges practice-based methods of knowing and learning.

GMP-Based Isolation of Full-Term Human Placenta-Derived NK Cells for CAR-NK Cell Therapy in Malignant Melanoma.

Melanoma, a severe type of skin cancer, poses significant management challenges due to its resistance to available treatments. Despite this obstacle, the high immunogenicity of melanoma renders it amenable to immune therapy, and NK cells have been identified as possessing anti-tumor properties in immunotherapy. The development of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified NK cells, or CAR-NK cells, has shown potential in enhancing immunotherapeutic regimens. To achieve this, researchers have explored various sources of NK cells, including those derived from the placenta, which offers benefits compared to other sources due to their limited ex vivo expansion potential. Recent studies have indicated the capacity to expand functional NK cells from placenta-derived cells in vitro that possess anti-tumor cytolytic properties. This chapter discusses the isolation of full-term human placenta-derived NK cells using Good Manufacturing Practice-based methods for CAR-NK cell therapy in melanoma.

HOMECTRL: An Example of Practice-Based Artistic Research as a Methodology in Surveillance Studies

This essay provides an example of how practice-based artistic research can contribute to surveillance studies. It does so by reflecting on the development of the installation HOMECTRL for The Danish Museum of Science & Technology. The installation offers speculative fabulations regarding how the Internet of Things (IoT) is rearticulating and transforming the home as a site of control, on a spectrum ranging from the mundane everyday use of robot vacuum cleaners to domestic abuse facilitated by IoT technologies. By sharing excerpts from narrative monologues that probe the question of where control is located, and still images that experiment with representing how technologies perceive their surroundings, the essay demonstrates that practice-based methods can open up understandings of the home as a distributed spatial structure permeated by smart technologies that have new abilities to access, control, and manipulate domestic space.

Professional development e-course on how to integrate interdisciplinary approach into the learning process in schools that practise multimodality and use interactive educational online services

Problem and goal. The problem of implementation and realization of interdisciplinary approach in the learning process at schools is demonstrated. The goal of this research is to create professional development e-course for teachers, which can include practical approaches to integrate interdisciplinarity and to develop multimodality through the application of online services. Methodology. The practical research is carried out based on organizing an experimental (93 people) and control (71 people) groups of students in different ages (4-8th grades) and disciplines. The students from an experimental group are taught by the teachers who took part in the designed e-course. These teachers use practice-based methods and strategies to integrate interdisciplinary approach in the lessons of Geography, Mathematics, Russian, English, Social Studies and Literature in a primary school. They apply online services such as Padlet, Zoom and Google Tools as well. Analysis of interdisciplinary skills level is carried out with the help of control diagnostics before and after the experiment. Results. The tools for the integration of interdisciplinary approach and the application of online services in educational process have appeared to be effective. The evidence of this conclusion is the toolbox with methodological interdisciplinary materials and resources which has been created for the learning process with the help of online services which can help students develop transfer skills, creative and critical thinking. The tools and services demonstrated in this research allow students and teachers to develop agency, i.e. the ability to be responsible for their life, in particular for their learning, to make a choice and to have a voice. They also help increase motivation to the process of learning. Such tools and online services can play a significant role for informatization of the learning process because they have an impact on the development of students’ multimodality. Conclusion. The results allow to identify the effectiveness of the implementation and integration of interdisciplinary approach in educational process, especially in the framework of narrow disciplines, with the help of online services. Teachers, who had taken part in a designed professional development e-course, used strategies and tools, online services in practice. The students demonstrated an enhanced level of creative and critical thinking and transfer skills during control diagnostics after the research.

Material Inventories and Garment Ontologies: Advancing Upcycling Methods in Fashion Practice

This study seeks to advance upcycling methods in fashion practice with the specificity of design methods that centre on revaluation and resignification of waste materials. The development of three key approaches to upcycling were tested for future application as design briefs and pedagogies in practice and education. These were developed through the acquisition, sorting and selection of a large sample of secondhand, consumer waste materials across fashion and textiles sectors. Practice-based experiments and the use of different forms of photo documentation examined and explored distinct ways to creatively understand waste material properties, conditions and potential. Fashion and material studies frameworks of object biographies, wardrobe studies, waste, secondhand material economies and art practice approaches of reclaimed materials expanded and refined the approaches. “Material Inventories” is proposed as a creative and analytical method to identify, sort and annotate pre- and post-consumer waste materials. “Garment ontologies” delineates how traditionally “design” in fashion practice is separate from materials and production. These methods enable a deeper investigation into material qualities, conditions, and reuse potential for extended life cycles. This experimental study presents novel and relevant findings with a compelling material sample and practice-based methods adjacent to scholarship in this area that are predominately theoretical- or case study-based.

Feasibility of a Generic FFC Intervention for Long-Term Care: Evidence From Interventions in Various Care Settings

Function Focused Care (FFC) interventions support nurses to adapt their level of care to the capabilities of older people and to optimize their self-reliance. Recently, three FFC-interventions were implemented in various Dutch care settings. Lessons learned and implications were synthesized and an advanced FFC-program ‘SELF’ was developed for wide application. SELF comprises interactive and multidisciplinary sessions, is theoretically grounded, primarily focuses on behavior change in nurses, and is tailored to the team’s needs. It also includes policy and environment review, goal-setting, and coaching-on-the-job. SELF was tested in one Dutch psychogeriatric ward. Afterwards, focus groups were conducted with nurses, trainers, manager and coaches. The interactive content, mutual discussions, and practice-based working methods were highly valued. SELF increased awareness and willingness to practice FFC and was considered feasible in practice. Increased involvement and support of allied health professionals and the manager was preferred. A nationwide effectiveness trial is planned after refining SELF.

Becoming Ambitious: How a Practice-based Methods Course and “Macroteaching” Shaped Beginning Teachers’ Critical Pedagogical Discourses

ABSTRACT This study reports on eleven second-year teachers who were all students in the same practice-based secondary science methods courses framed around ambitious science teaching. In this qualitative embedded single case study, we examined if, how, and why novice teachers linked their current critical pedagogical discourses and instruction back to any practice-based learning opportunities from the methods courses, especially an opportunity termed “macroteaching.” We found that ten out of the eleven participants expressed similar critical discourses about what counts as good teaching, positioned themselves as “becoming ambitious,” and linked such critical discourses back to the shared methods class. One participant provides counter-examples. We conclude with lingering questions and research suggestions for the field.

Humanitarian Handicrafts

This paper asks how craft practice can inform historical reconsiderations of handicraft produced within a humanitarian socio-economic framework (to support humanitarian aims or fund-raising initiatives), and in turn explores how historical processes become materialised in contemporary humanitarian craftwork. By considering the possibilities for practice-based methods, this paper proposes the utility of involvement in craft-making processes for historians of humanitarianism. At the same time, this gives rise to a multiplicity of concerns for a contemporary craft practitioner undertaking a form of creative expression identifiable by its humanitarian purpose. It is therefore a helpful corrective to the temptation to think that experiments are innovations. Looking at early attempts in history we see a practice mirrored, not in the results, but in the process of working in a humanitarian mode of craft-based practice.

Embedded Research Practices: Practice as Process, Participatory Method, and Product in Informal Learning Research

ABSTRACT Our museum-based participatory research (PR) project was a collaboration between researchers and educators in an out-of-school time STEM education program for young people that positions STEM as a tool for community social justice. This project drew on literatures on reflective practice in museums and on research-practice partnerships. Yet following existing approaches did not work for us. Aligning research and pedagogical practices, we co-created practical, reflective, and practice-based data-generation methods, calling them “embedded research practices:” context-specific, emergent methods rooted in practice that served practice and research needs and centered shared axiological commitments. Four examples are outlined. Embedded research practices echo assessment in informal learning, emphasize the interaction of research and practice, call attention to the emergent and co-created nature of PR, and serve needs for professional learning for museum educators.

Six ways to get a grip on teaching medical trainees on the convergence of Indigenous knowledges and biomedicine, within a culturally-safe Indigenous health curriculum.

As Indigenous knowledges and biomedicine come together in healthcare today, to improve health outcomes and strengthen cultural identity among Indigenous Peoples, it is vital for physicians to learn about this convergence during their training. This narrative review article aims to provide practical advice for educators when implementing teaching regarding this topic, using examples from the research literature, and pedagogical and practice-based methods used at the University of Toronto (UofT). The methodology on obtaining the research literature included a search of a computer database called Medline. Moreover, the medical school curriculum information specific to UofT, was obtained through the formal curriculum map and UofT’s Office of Indigenous Medical Education. The following six recommendations provide a way to successfully implement the teachings on Indigenous knowledges and biomedicine, within a culturally-safe Indigenous health curriculum.

What makes us the same? What makes us different? Development of a shared model and manual of group therapy practice across art therapy, dance movement therapy and music therapy within community mental health care

Arts therapies draw upon many theories and models of practice, but lack consensus in shared factors of their provision. In preparation for a randomised controlled trial involving art therapy, dance movement therapy and music therapy, we used experiential and practice-based methods to develop a model and manual for mixed diagnosis arts therapies groups in community mental health care. Six arts therapists met over the course of a year to explore commonalities and differences in art, dance movement and music therapy groups. Arts-based and consensus methods were used to develop practice principles, which were expanded through workshops with arts therapists working in mental health services. A model, manual, training and adherence guide were produced, which incorporated role-play and video-based reflection. The model is underpinned by transdiagnostic and contextual psychotherapy theories. The manual outlines ten core principles, alongside 19 practice principles. Fourteen scenarios where therapists commonly intervene informed ongoing therapist training and development. This is the first model to describe practice across three types of arts therapies for mixed diagnosis groups in community mental health care. Whilst overall manual utility (including adherence) and effectiveness is yet to be assessed, the development methods may be informative for wider arts therapies groups and clientele.

Researching migrant entrepreneurship communities: a reflection through collaborative (auto)ethnographies

In this paper we offer a scholarly reflection about the value of ethnographic methods for studying migrant entrepreneurship; this reflection is seen specifically through the lens of our own migration experiences. Our positionalities and subjectivities, embedded in being migrants and researchers, offer this opportunity for in-depth reflection. Specifically, we examine what varieties of ethnographic research methods offer, as well as what limitations these methods bring if adopted within migrant entrepreneurship research. We argue that specific ethnographic practice-based methods have the capacity to reveal the rich social context of migrant entrepreneurship, which can supplement the theoretical perspectives. We adopt two illustrations to highlight the relevance of ethnographic methodologies to studying migrant entrepreneurship. The contribution this study offers is in suggesting new methods that allow fresh understanding of the complex narratives of migration dynamics to emerge. This study shows how narratives intertwine with migrants’ stories of entrepreneurship and offers guidance for future research.

This Is What It Sounds Like: Intimate Karaoke, Live at Uterine Concert Hall

This article explores the role of sound in Intimate Karaoke, Live at Uterine Concert Hall, an interactive durational performance that features Dayna McLeod’s body as a concert venue. Here, practice-based methods that were used to generate knowledge through hands-on investigation and performance are detailed, as are experimentations with different presentations of her body and sound. This article discusses the relationship between this performance piece and failure, queerness, middle-ageing, and non-reproduction against a cultural backdrop that reveres art star success, youth, heterosexuality, and childbearing. In creating Intimate Karaoke, Live at Uterine Concert Hall, the artist was interested in proposing her uterus as a queer performance site in order to draw attention to these cultural biases while assigning a new kind of value to her middle-ageing, queer, female body. Sound is central to the formal circuitry of the piece as it shapes the representational status of her body and enables the performance to function. Intimate Karaoke is the umbrella term for both the formal construction of the performance and the affective methods of engagement that were employed in the creation of the work, which both rely on and challenge notions of vulnerability, intimacy, and familiarity. This article examines how the design of the performance focused the audience’s attention on the often heteronormative and reproductive expectations aimed at women’s bodies while questioning why we feel entitled to make demands on these bodies in the first place.

Concurrent Field Practice Act as an Efficient Teaching Pedagogy to Originate Public Health Professionals: A Bangladesh Context

Concurrent Field Practice-based teaching methods (CFPTM) have commenced globally parallel with the traditional teaching methods (TTM). The effectiveness of CFPTM in Bangladeshi educational settings has not been adequately studied yet. This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that CFPTM is effective teaching method as compared to the TTM for Bangladeshi postgraduate public health students. Under a comparative interventional design two groups of postgraduate students [n=40 for each group], were selected purposively from the department of public health of the Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Data were collected during pre and post intervention based on a topic that had been chosen to conduct the intervention followed interactive lecture method with CFP. Overall knowledge score (percentage) showed a significant increase in both the CFPTM (Baseline vs. Final, M±SD, 27±12 vs. 83±8, p<0.001) and TTM (27±18 vs. 40±17, p<0.001) among the groups. CFPTM showed a significantly higher knowledge score (p<0.001) as compared to TTM at the final time point. Analysis on individual components showed a result similar to the overall knowledge score. CFPTM seems to be superior and effective to TTM as a short-term interventional tool. CFPTM has been identified as an effective tool for postgraduate education in public health, which offers a new approach to equipping students with appropriate knowledge and skills that they need not only in their learning period but also in their service life.

Encouraging Sustainable Behaviour Change via a Social Practice Approach: A Focus on Apparel Consumption Practices

To encourage greater sustainability regarding apparel consumption practices, policymakers have traditionally focused on economic and/or social psychology frameworks which rely on information-based campaigns to achieve behavioural change. Whilst such campaigns have had limited success and received significant criticism, additional policy solutions are called for. In contrast to conventional behavioural change strategies, this study responds to calls for further methodological insight and explores the potential of creative methods such as upcycling workshops and contemplative theatre performance, as practice-based mechanisms to engender a greater understanding of the environmental impact of apparel consumption and help bring about behavioural change to current apparel consumption practice. Via the theoretical lens of behavioural change theory and contemplative performance practice, our findings reveal the dynamic and continuously reshaping nature of the apparel market, in that most of our participants were until recently unaware of the unsustainable nature of the apparel industry. Despite some participants citing barriers, such as a lack of time, peer pressure, and the desire to express a specific social identity, reactions to practice-based methods were overwhelmingly positive. Thus, initiating a more proactive engagement with sustainability issues as well as increased reflection and discussion on how they might modify current apparel consumption behaviours in the future. We conclude by making suggestions for policymakers regarding future sustainability initiatives.

Praxi: Cloud Software Discovery That Learns From Practice

With today's rapidly-evolving cloud landscape embracing continuous integration and delivery, users of cloud systems must monitor software running on their containers and virtual machines (VMs) to ensure compliance, security, and efficiency. Traditional solutions to this problem rely on manually-created rules that identify software installations and modifications, but these require expert authors and are often unmaintainable. Recently, automated techniques for software discovery have emerged. Some techniques use examples of software to train machine learning models to predict which software has been installed on a system. Others leverage knowledge of packaging practices to aid in discovery without requiring any pre-training, but these practice-based methods cannot provide precise-enough information to perform discovery by themselves. This paper introduces Praxi, a new software discovery method that builds upon the strengths of prior approaches by combining the accuracy of learning-based methods with the efficiency of practice-based methods. In tests using samples collected on real-world cloud systems, Praxi correctly classifies installations at least 97.6% of the time, while running 14.8 times faster and using 87% less disk space than a similar learning-based method. Using a diverse software dataset, this paper quantitatively compares Praxi to systematic rule-, learning-, and practice-based methods, and discusses the best uses for each.