Practical Research Methods Research Articles

Новый учебный предмет «Родная литература (русская)»: содержательно-методический аспект примерной программы

The article explains the purpose of creating an exemplary program of the subject “Native literature (Russian)” connected with the execution of the Federal Law on Education, supporting the main aim of the core course in literature – the development of a competent reader, as well as reinforcing the cultivating function of school literary education and preserving the Russian language, literature and culture against the background of Russian multi-ethnic and multicultural society. The following objectives of the new subject acquire particular significance: perceiving literature as one of the main cultural values of the nation (which reflects its national character, history, worldview); ensuring cultural self-identification, becoming aware of the communicative and aesthetic power of the mother tongue based on the study of outstanding literary creations of the Russian culture, the culture of one’s ethnic group, world culture. The methodological background to the exemplary program rests upon the idea of an ideological nature and educational potential of the Russian literature. In creating the didactic model in question, the authors of the program used theoretical and practical research methods, as well as the cognitive and system- and activity-based approaches. The results of the research were as follows: validation of the legal and regulatory framework of the new subject and the primary goals of its study, elaboration of the principles – which are based on the system of value codes shared by the whole nation’s cultural tradition – according to which the contents and structure of the course are selected. The article demonstrates what distinguishes “Native literature (Russian)” from the school subject “Literature”, how each of the three content branches of the program contributes to the development of subject knowledge and skills from grade to grade, why this or that recommended literary work is included in the topic-issue units, and which forms of the final subject assessment are most preferable. The exemplary program of the subject contributes to solving the issue of national and cultural identity and understanding what role the Russian literature plays in becoming aware of the national traits of the Russian culture. It also fosters the comprehension of cultural concepts that are crucial for the Russian national consciousness and the development of one’s ability to transform his/her reflections on works of native literature into personal convictions and positive values.

On the strategy of ecological design from the perspective of ecological civilization construction

This paper takes the ecological design strategy of the construction of ecological civilization as the research topic, analyzes the connotation of ecological civilization and ecological design, and combines the relationship between ecological civilization and ecological design, adopts the methods of practical research, questionnaire survey, literature and other methods. This paper discusses that ecological design is the need and embodiment of ecological civilization construction, and then puts forward the strategy of developing ecological design on this basis. This paper proposes that designers should shoulder more social responsibility and practice ecological design, so as to introduce ecological awareness into public awareness.

IMPROVING THE SYSTEM OF CONTROL AND SUPERVISION OF CUSTOMS IN THE REGION

Customs regulation as a type of management activity of customs authorities is one of the key elements of the customs system and the economy of the state. The control and supervision activities of the customs authorities should be carried out on a systematic basis, and the key goal of this type of work is to improve customs regulation for increasing the efficiency of the customs system and optimize the activities of customs authorities. The problems and ways to improve the system of control and supervision in the field of customs in the region (on the example of the Ural Customs Administration) have been analyzed in the article. The main practical research methods are the analysis of statistical data and regulatory sources, a sociological study using the expert survey method (n = 13). As a result, a systematization of problematic aspects of the control and supervision in the field of customs has been proposed; a system of measures has been developed aimed at improving the quality of control and supervision in the field of customs.

Organizational aspects of outpatient functional diagnostics

The high cardiovascular morbidity and the use of modern research methods in practice, the high demand for functional research with the workload growth of specialists due to modern requirements, including the work with medical documentation, indicate the need for organizational changes. Aim. To identify organizational problems of functional medicine practitioners work and determine ways to solve it. Material and methods. Using descriptive statistics, the analysis of federal statistical observation № 30 “Data on medical organization” was carried out. It characterizes the work of functional medicine practitioners in subjects of the Russian Federation in 2012-2017, as well as their photo and time tracking research. Results. The data of federal statistical observation showed that the lowest workload of practitioners was noted in the North-West Federal District, where the growth in the number of testing procedures per specialist occurred by 14,5%. To a lesser extent, this parameter increased in the Central Federal District — by 12,6%. The Volga Federal District takes the second place: the number of testing procedures increased by 21,8%. The highest growth was noted in the Siberian Federal District. By carrying out photo and time tracking research, the weighted-average costs of working time for conducting functional tests are established taking into account the type of test. It will help to reduce the burden of specialists. Conclusion. The results of the study showed an increase in the number of functional tests by 15,9%. A higher burden in the work of functional medicine practitioners was noted in the Penza Region, the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, the Republic of Ingushetia and the Kirov Region. The formation of document on the norms of time for conducting functional tests, based on the results of photo and time tracking research and its implementation will help to reduce the burden of specialists.

Achieving productive reliability through applying statistical distribution functions

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to find the proper statistical distribution function, which can cover the failure time of a single machine or a group of machines. To this end, an innovative program is written in an Excel software, capable of assessing at least six statistical distribution functions. This research study intends to show the advantages of applying statistical distribution functions in an integrated model format to create or increase productive reliability machines. Productive reliability is a simultaneous combination of efficiency and effectiveness in reliability. Design/methodology/approach The method of theoretical research methodology comprises data collection tools, reference books and articles in addition to exploiting written reports of the Iranian Center for Defence’s Standards. The practical research method includes deploying and assessing the proposed model for a selected machine (in this case a computerized numerical control machine). Findings A comprehensive program in an Excel software having the capability of assessing at least six statistical distribution functions was developed to find the most efficient option for covering the failure times of each machine in the shortest time with the highest precision. This is regarded as the most important achievement of the present study. Furthermore, the advantages of applying the developed model are discussed and a large group of which have direct influences on the productivity of equipment reliability. Originality/value The originality of the research was ascertained by managers and experts working in maintenance issues at the different levels of the Defense Industries Organization.

Cholestasis syndrome in a comorbid patient: diagnostic difficulties

The purpose of the review article is to demonstrate generalized ideas on the classification and diagnosis of cholestasis syndrome of various etiologies, to consider the possibility of using laboratory and instrumental research methods in real clinical practice in a comorbid patient. The main provisions. According to the mechanism of development, cholestasis is conditionally divided into intrahepatic and extrahepatic, as well as a mixed type. Extrahepatic cholestasis develops with mechanical obstruction of the main extrahepatic or main intrahepatic ducts. Intrahepatic cholestasis as a result of a number of diseases, such as acute viral hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis, drug damage to the liver, amyloidosis of the liver. In real clinical practice, a combination of several etiological factors leading to the development of cholestasis is possible in a comorbid patient. A clinical observation is given when, in a patient with gallstone disease, melanoma and ulcerative colitis, after excluding a number of possible causes of cholestasis, autoimmune cross syndrome, autoimmune hepatitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), was diagnosed, which allowed the initiation of immunosuppressive therapy with 48 mg corticosteroid (per day) and the preparation of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) exhol at a dose of 1500 mg per day. Regardless of the cause of intrahepatic cholestasis, UDCA remains the drug for the treatment of first-line cholestatic lesions. Conclusion. Only a consistent methodological approach, taking into account all the possible causes of cholestasis, can lead to a correct diagnosis and timely adequate treatment in each case.

Strategies for using non-participatory video research methods in general practice.

Non-participatory video research is useful for observing and analysing interactions between clinicians, patients and technology. However, few clinical nursing studies have used non-participatory video observation and there is limited literature describing the approach. To describe a study that used non-participatory video observation in general practice. The authors' experience of non-participatory video research methods indicates that the acceptability of the technique, workplace organisation and consultation space have implications for preparation and data collection. Strategies for success include engaging stakeholders early on, obtaining contextual knowledge and piloting the approach. Non-participatory video observation is valuable in understanding interactions between nurses and patients in a naturalistic setting. Careful planning is essential to ensure alignment between research aims, context and technology. The methods for analysing data must be chosen carefully to ensure the research question is answered. Video observation provides rich data. Careful planning and engagement of participants is required for successful conduct of studies that use the technique.

QUALITY MANAGEMENT OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS ON THE BASIS OF THE ANALYSIS OF TEST TASKS BY USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Introduction. The use of information and communication technologies allows the teacher to update the content of training. The success of the educational process is largely determined by the ICT competence and ICT literacy of the teacher. Data mining based on artificial neural networks can be used as one of the elements of information and communication technologies. The main direction of application of tests is to measure the level of knowledge of students. A large amount of accumulated test results with proper processing can provide the teacher with additional (hidden) data. The use of an artificial neural network for the analysis of test results makes it possible to expand the direction of the tests. Methods. The theoretical basis of the study is based on a complex of scientific statements of domestic and foreign scientists in the field of education and artificial intelligence. Practical research methods are based on an experiment in creating a test in computer science, testing students and accumulating data, as well as their processing simulated artificial neural network. Results. The article describes the process of analyzing the results of research using the SPSS STATISTICA 20 programs. The search for hidden patterns of the test was carried out, the reliability of the results obtained was verified. Discussion. There was suggested the possibility of further application of the results obtained in the educational process. The results obtained can be used to search for and correct difficult or easy test items, and to replace failed test tasks. The teacher has the opportunity to redistribute the time resource for the study of difficult digestible topics, due to easily digestible. The idea of an integrated approach to the use of artificial neural networks in education is proposed.

Research on the Construction of Consumption Experience Dimensions for the E-Commerce Offline Store

Under the background of new retail, many E-commerce giants at home and abroad have started to open offline stores, and claimed to incorporate the consumption experience of offline stores into the superior future strategies. Based on the literature review and practical research methods, this paper explores the characteristics of this new E-commerce offline store which involves online and offline consumption experience features, and constructs the consumption experience dimensions belonging to the E-commerce offline store: sensory experience, emotion experience, service experience, convenience experience, interaction experience.

Intersectionality in Educational Research ed. by Dannielle Joy Davis, Rachelle J. Brunn-Bevel, and James L. Olive

Reviewed by: Intersectionality in Educational Research ed. by Dannielle Joy Davis, Rachelle J. Brunn-Bevel, and James L. Olive Robin Phelps-Ward Dannielle Joy Davis, Rachelle J. Brunn-Bevel, and James L. Olive (Editors). Intersectionality in Educational Research. Sterling, VA: Stylus Publishing. 2015. 330 pp. Paperback: $35.00. ISBN: 9781620360965 Numerous scholars in education have called for greater use of intersectionality theory as a means to engage in more critical analyses that unveil multiple oppressive and privileging systems in society that disenfranchise, marginalize, and devalue those living in the margins. However, the body of literature that demonstrates how to methodologically carry out such meaningful work remains scant, though growing. Answering the call to increase the body of literature devoted to the theoretical paradigm sparked from Black feminist thinkers (i.e., Collins, 2000; Combahee River Collective, 1995; Crenshaw, 1991, 1993) Intersectionality in Educational Research inspires readers to think of research, in all its forms, in more critical and nuanced ways through the use of intersectionality theory. With a focus on the formal spectrum of education, editors Dannielle Joy Davis, Rachelle J. Brunn-Bevel, and James L. Olive produce a book that not only implores researchers to incorporate intersectional analyses, but shows readers how to engage in such complicated work. Through fourteen chapters and reflection questions, which address the intersections of a range of identities, the collection of authors within this edited book demonstrate the utility of intersectionality when examining the complex nature of human experience and identity. More specifically, the chapters illustrate the far-reaching ability of intersectionality to assist those in education who aim to complicate identity, scrutinize privilege, and dismantle oppression embedded within systems. Useful for policy makers, higher education and student affairs scholars, and research methods instructors, Intersectionality in Educational Research is for "those interested in intersectionality's theoretical [End Page E-6] contributions who are seeking practical research methods to advance certain lines of inquiry" (p. 2). Further, the book is particularly functional for scholars—burgeoning and established—in search of concrete examples of intersectionality applied in the field of education. Whether assessment directors engaging in large-scale studies, doctoral candidates grappling with methodological decisions, or researchers striving to capture complexities within groups, across groups, and at the intersections of groups, this book provides clear and descriptive accounts of the methodological and theoretical processes of applying intersectionality. The text also serves as a companion to materials centered on identity development, learning theory, educational systems, organizational theory, and multiculturalism. With the three goals of introducing the basic tenets of intersectionality, demonstrating the theory's use in analyzing quantitative and qualitative data, and illustrating how intersectionality can be used to examine the experiences of those in education living at the intersections, the editors organize the book in four sections. After an introduction to the key concepts of intersectionality, its origins, and various theorizing from scholars about how to think about and conduct intersectional research, Part 1 discusses intersectionality and methodologies. While Part 2 focuses on intersectionality in K-12 education, Part 3 turns to the context of postsecondary education. Finally, Part 4 discusses intersectionality in academe with attention to diversity plans and faculty experiences. The book ends with a conclusion from James L. Olive in which he summarizes the chapters and calls for increased use of intersectionality theory because "future intersectional analyses necessitate methodological approaches that address a wide range of social phenomena that are not limited to a single subjugated group of individuals" (p. 278). What follows is a summary of each chapter within the edited book. This book review ends with critical observations and a discussion of important contributions from the book. Within the introduction, the editors describe intersectionality and its core concepts in an effort to provide readers with foundational knowledge of the theory. Nested within this discussion, among additional conversations about the theory's utility, is an explanation of Crenshaw's (1993) three types of intersectionality (structural, political, and representational), Choo and Ferree's (2010) styles of intersectionality (intersectionality as inclusion, process, and as a complex system), and Hancock's (2007) six assumptions of intersectionality (examining more than one axis, investigating influence, acknowledging the personal and structural levels of influence, examining within group difference, engaging...

Variation in winter daily range area of red deer (Cervus elaphus xanthopygus) based on DNA extracted from fecal samples

With environmental change and increased human activity, wild red deer (Cervus elaphus xanthopygus) populations and habitat area continue to decrease. Red deer is a main prey species of Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica). Factors affecting red deer winter home range in the Wanda montains of northeast China are not well understood. In this study, we aimed to better document red deer daily ranges to support conservation of red deer. A second objective was to develop a practical research method combining macro- and micro-technology for home range research on a variety of rare or endangered wild species. We collected 105 fresh fecal samples of red deer in three different periods during winter from December 2012 to March 2013 in the Wandashan region, Heilongjiang Province, China. Individual and sex identities were analyzed based on fecal DNA using microsatellite DNA. We used samples from deer farms for correction and validation of our identifications from field samples. We used a combination of molecular scatology, 3S techniques (GPS), and direct observation to estimate winter daily range areas. Based on eleven microsatellite loci, we identified 18 individuals, 10 females and 8 males, with a correction factor of 1.00 and sex ratio of 1:0.8. The mean (± SE) number of alleles was 5.1 ± 0.41, and mean polymorphism information content was 0.63 ± 0.03. Expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.46 to 0.81, with a mean of 0.69 ± 0.03, and mean observed heterozygosity was 0.73 ± 0.07. Sizes of mean daily ranges were 26.1 ± 1.1 ha in December, 89.3 ± 1.6 ha in January, and 67.5 ± 1.9 ha in March, indicating the following trend for daily range area: middle winter > late winter > early winter. Mean daily range area was insignificantly larger for males than for females. Estimated winter daily ranges were similar to those reported for Europe. Our combination of macro- and micro-technology proved useful for estimating winter home range areas of red deer.

LIVING ISLAM Apa dan Mau ke Mana?

Discussing the Islam in the context of everyday life, in various aspects, perspectives, and wide variety of geo- graphical field, can be replicated with the term of Living Islam. Islam in the society is now understood by a set of methodologies and scientific paradigms and has been carried out by intellectuals from both internal Islam such as Akbar S. Ahmed and from external Islam as Islamic anthropology or anthropology about Islam. Whatever the name suggests, anthropology still impressed only the human dimension, Living Islam offers a comprehensive perspective and integrated with various other scientific disciplines. This paper seeks to define living Islam in society theoretically with a framework of thought and practical research methods that can be used as a guide for research on Living Islam.

The future of pharmacy practice research - Perspectives of academics and practitioners from Australia, NZ, United Kingdom, Canada and USA.

Healthcare is under significant pressure with the explosion of long term conditions, shift in worldwide demographics and is evolving through advances in technology. Aligned with this is the changing role of pharmacy from the traditional dispenser of medicines to having (in addition) a more advanced clinical role. This study aimed to understand what the pharmacy practice research agenda might look like from the viewpoint of pharmacy academics and practitioners across five high-income countries. Qualitative methods were used, and thirty one-hour interviews were undertaken with practitioners and academics from five economically advanced countries. These nations have comparable socio-economic status but differing health systems and include; Australia, Canada, New Zealand, United Kingdom and United States of America. Six key informants were chosen from each country, three academics and three community pharmacists. A general inductive analysis was undertaken to analyse the most common and recurring themes. These themes of research were based around current community pharmacy practice issues and the enablers to changing the profession. Specific areas pharmacy practice could be more involved with included long term health conditions. Some community pharmacists also believed that research into the impact of professional standards and policy change would be beneficial. The findings of this research suggest that current pharmacy practice research methods are sufficient, but need to be used more effectively. Participants identified a wide range of issues within community pharmacy practice. Academics largely focused on how research can be utilised in the community and how to implement findings to ensure sustainability of pharmacy practice research. Issues that community pharmacists would like to research are related to the current practice model, such as allocating time to provide patient-focused services in addition to managing a business.

Trash, teaching and the city: the “Big Hole Counter Narrative” project and the “Urban Anthropology: Research Methods and Fieldwork” course at Sol Plaatje University

This essay reflects on an anthropology course developed at one of the two “post-apartheid” universities in South Africa. The course included collaborating with artists and a local dance/ performance troupe. It culminated in a film by Francois Knoetze (featuring collaborators), a musical performance by the Amandla Danca Teatro, and an exhibition by students. Knitting together practice, theory and alternative research and narrative methods, the course intervened on a developmentalist trajectory in the romantic “sparkling” narrative of Kimberley as the “city of diamonds.” Alternative, ordinary and sometimes contested stories emerged.

The Impacts of Culture on Vietnamese Consumer Behavior Towards Foreign Products

Purpose of the research is to point out the impacts of culture to Vietnamese consumer behavior towards foreign products. By using literature review combined with a practical research method, after performing a hands-on analysis, the article lists out the features of culture as well as confirms the importance of culture to Vietnamese consumer behavior towards foreign products. The research also clearifies the importance of culture to consumer behavior of people around the world towards foreign products. This article is just the basis for further in-depth researchs about Vietnamese’s culture. This article can be helpful for researchers who want to find out the way to magnify the impact of Vietnamese’s culture on people’s consumer behavior so as to encourage people use Vietnamese products and bring back more profits.

Social Media Metrics Importance and Usage Frequency in Latvia

Purpose of the article: The purpose of this paper was to explore which social media marketing metrics are most often used and are most important for marketing experts in Latvia and can be used to evaluate marketing campaign effectiveness. Methodology/methods: In order to achieve the aim of this paper several theoretical and practical research methods were used, such as theoretical literature analysis, surveying and grouping. First of all, theoretical research about social media metrics was conducted. Authors collected information about social media metric grouping methods and the most frequently mentioned social media metrics in the literature. The collected information was used as the foundation for the expert surveys. The expert surveys were used to collect information from Latvian marketing professionals to determine which social media metrics are used most often and which social media metrics are most important in Latvia. Scientific aim: The scientific aim of this paper was to identify if social media metrics importance varies depending on the consumer purchase decision stage. Findings: Information about the most important and most often used social media marketing metrics in Latvia was collected. A new social media grouping framework is proposed. Conclusions: The main conclusion is that the importance and the usage frequency of the social media metrics is changing depending of consumer purchase decisions stage the metric is used to evaluate.

Mykhailo Petrovych Kuchera and Homeland Historic and Archaeological Science

In 2017, 95 years passed since the birth of Mykhailo Petrovych Kuchera, and this date allows turning again to the analysis and comprehension of the scholar’s rich scientific experience and heritage. In 1950, while still a student and a front-line soldier, Mykhailo Petrovych already as a draftsman participated in the work of the Podil detachment of the Great Kyiv Expedition under the leadership of V.A. Berezovets. M.P. Kuchera’s skill to draw plans and profiles like an expert determined in many ways the features of his field methodology and a high qualitative level of documentation processing. Starting from the 1950s, he had been conducting field research for more than 50 years throughout Ukraine. Analysis M.P. Kuchera’s field activities with the help of GIS specially developed by the authors and the database of field reports of the scholar, reveal the widest geography of his research, as he examined and recorded 500 archaeological sites. Most of his force and time (20 seasons) M.P. Kuchera devoted to the exploration of annalistic Kyiv Land. The scholar paid most attention to the study of Ancient Rus fortification and hill-forts. By the end of the 1970s, he had prepared a monographic study of Ancient Rus hill-forts in Ukraine published unfortunately after his death in 1999. Since 1974, Mykhailo Petrovych headed an expedition for 12 years which aim was to identify, documentary record, and archaeologically and reliably date the legendary Zmiiv ramparts of the Dnipro River middle region. It was found out that 23 Zmiiv ramparts grouped into 9 lines, have a length of almost 1000 km and were built in the Ancient Rus period for protection from the nomads. Serial concrete irrefutable constructive, stratigraphic, and archaeological evidence of the time of creation and purpose of rampart lines were revealed. The implementation of such a long, large-scale, and significant project is a real scientific feat of the scientist. Mykhailo Petrovych is also highly respected as a creator of the Ancient Rus ceramics’ typology and chronology, and as the first person who singled out and described the post-Mongolian ceramics. The scholar made a great contribution to the study of the complex ethno-cultural structure of the Rus-Ukrainian population. M.P. Kuchera’s theoretical concepts, applied practical scientific research methods, and scientific heritage as a whole, need a special comprehensive study and further development.

Shame in Youth Ministry: A Typology to Inform Praxis

This article offers an overview of a typology of shame in relation to youth ministry. The typology was developed by drawing on practical theology and qualitative research methods and was completed for the author’s ordination training as an Anglican priest. The data presented in the article is taken from a separate analysis of responses from youth ministers and youth workers. The six domains of the typology are personal, relational, communal, structural, theological and historical. Implications of the typology for youth ministry praxis are discussed.

Making as Growth: Narratives in Materials and Process

As an activity, research through design gives rise to new knowledge from both creative processes and, if there are any, resultant artifacts. Arguably, all creative practitioners are researchers of one kind or another, whether through materials, aesthetics, technologies, ethnographies, or cultural theory. It also can be argued that research methods in creative practice have not so much been invented or applied to validate academic integrity, but instead they have unfolded and emerged as enquiry has deepened. In this way, the design researcher has the means to re-position their projects to frame premeditated research questions and objectives within their work, and in some cases, apply research questions after practice has taken place.

Exploratory Study on Employee's Perceptions of Followership and Role of Follower: Using Photo-voice Methodology

본 연구는 팔로워십에 대한 조직 내 팔로워들의 인식과 팔로워의 역할을 알아보기 위한 탐색적 연구이다. 그동안 수행된 팔로워십 관련 선행연구에서는 조직 내 팔로워의 역할보다 는 상대적으로 리더 역할에 더 많은 비중을 두고 있는 이들을 대상으로 설문조사, 전문가 인터뷰 및 델파이조사 등의 방법을 통해 팔로워십에 대한 개념과 역할을 도출해 왔으나 실제현장의 팔로워들을 대상으로 한 연구는 많지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구는 조직 내 팔로워로서 역할을 수행하는 비중이 상대적으로 높은 조직구성원을 대상으로 이들이 인식하는 팔로워십에 대한 인식과 팔로워의 역할은 무엇인지에 관해 알아보고자 했으며 이를 위해 참여적 실행연구방법인 포토 보이스(photo-voice)라는 질적연구방법을 사용하였다. 본 연구의 결과, 팔로워들이 인식하는 팔로워십은 리더와 같은 곳을 바라보며 팔로워 자신이 지닌 역량을 발휘하면서 리더와 조화를 이루고 균형을 맞춰 나가는 과정이다. 또한 팔로워는 리더를 부각시키고 리더가 균형을 잃지 않도록 하며 조직 내 부여된 업무를 수행하는 것은 물론, 조직 구성원들의 가교 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났는데 이는 팔로워가 리더와 조직을 건강하게 만드는 역할을 한다고 볼 수 있다. 본 연구가 갖는 의의는 팔로워 중심적 관점에서 팔로워십 연구를 수행했다는 점과 참여적 실행연구방법인 포토보이스라는 질적연구방법을 통해 팔로워십과 팔로워의 역할을 구체적이고 현실감 있게 표현했다는 점 그리고 팔로워십 교육의 접근방법과 방향을 제시했다는 점이라고 할 수 있다.The purpose of this study is to examine the concept of followership and role of follower by actual followers. To do this, a qualitative research method photo-voice is used. As a result of this study, followership is a process of harmonizing and balancing with the leader. In addition, followers should emphasize leaders, keep leaders in balance, perform assigned tasks in the organization, and role of bridging among the members of the organization; it has been shown as a role of the follower to make the leader and the organization healthy. The significance of this study is that it is carried out from the point of view of the actual follower and the qualitative research method called the photo-voice which is a participatory practice research method, presented specifically and realistically in the language of the members who perform the actual role as the follower.