Practical Program Research Articles

A new model to optimize the human reliability based on CREAM and group decision making

AbstractThe Cognitive Reliability and Error Analysis Method (CREAM) represents one of the second‐generation approaches to human reliability assessment, taking into account the influence of environmental conditions on human error probability (HEP). In the context of CREAM, the Common Performance Conditions (CPCs) influence error probabilities. Since not all CPCs have equal impacts, this study employs the Bayesian Best Worst Method (BWM), a novel approach in group decision‐making, to assign weights to these factors. Subsequently, two techniques based on basic CREAM are proposed. The current control mode is determined in the first technique according to the experts' opinions. Then the probability of human error is calculated based on the amount of control. It is possible to provide solutions for improving control mode, based on obtained results. Therefore, in this study, the second method has been used to make suggestions to enhance human reliability. For this purpose, in the second technique, an optimization problem is formulated to select the best applicable programs for managers to enhance human reliability. The proposed bi‐objective model tries to increase the reliability of human resources by reducing human error and costs. The proposed bi‐objective model seeks to bolster the reliability of human resources by concurrently minimizing HEP and associated costs. The efficiency of the presented methods is verified through a case study in the control room of the cement factory. The results of the first technique reveal an opportunistic control mode with a corresponding HEP of 0.0198. On the other hand, the outcomes of our proposed model underscore the greater impact of improving CPC levels in reducing the probability of human error. Ultimately, the practical programs derived from our mathematical model provide decision‐makers with valuable insights to reduce the probability of human error to a mere 0.000172 through the transition from opportunistic to strategic control.

Gaining Competitive Advantage in Higher Education Management: Exploring Strategic Management Practices at the University for Development Studies (UDS), Tamale, Ghana

In recent times, gaining competitive advantage in higher education management has received the deserved attention from School Managers and Scholars globally. However, in Ghana, much has not been done beyond benchmarking, and gaps still exist both in literature and practice in the area of inimitable strategies employed by public universities in the quest to gain competitive advantage. This study investigated strategy formulation and implementation at the University for Development Studies within the context of quality higher education management. Specifically, the study examined internal stakeholders’ expectations of strategic management practices in quality higher education delivery using questionnaires, interview and focus group guides to collect primary data from students, principal officers and members of staff who were randomly and purposively selected. The findings revealed that internal stakeholders expect management to have a clear vision and mission for the university which should incorporate the interests of all relevant groups, especially those of students. The findings further revealed that the quality of strategic plans, policies, projects, and decisions of management to a large extent determined teaching, learning and research outcomes. To this effect, the UDS’ Pedagogy of the Third Trimester Field Practical Programme (TTFPP) makes the university unique.

간호현장에서 정맥주사요법 교육프로그램 실행연구

Purpose : This study aims to verify the effectiveness of intravenous injection training program while analyzing its influence on nursing practice.
 Methods : Twenty nurses and researchers collaboratively developed intravenous injection training program following Kemmis and McTaggart’s implementation research model. The process involved planning, implementation, observation, and reflection, with each step repeated twice. During the initial planning phase, the training program was developed by analyzing existing infusions and intravenous training programs and assessing the specific educational needs of nurses. The program was then executed and observed, with a focus on investigating nurses’ intravenous injection performance and their satisfaction with the education, along with individual interviews. The reflection stage involved maintaining a reflection diary. In the second cycle, the program was refined, re-implemented, and its impact measured while maintaining reflective diary recording.
 Results : The study demonstrated notable improvements in nurses’ intravenous injection skills and overall satisfaction with the education program Moreover, these changes in the nursing field facilitated personal growth among nurses by enhancing self-esteem in the process of continuous learning. Additionally, this study provided the researchers with an opportunity to evolve into proficient field educators.
 Conclusion : This study developed and validated an effective intravenous injection training program. The study’s findings can serve as fundamental data for In the future developments of practical intravenous injection training program for nurses.

다문화 놀이프로그램 개발을 통한 예비유아교사의 다문화 인식 탐색

This study, 2nd grade students from the Department of Early Childhood Education at S University in G City developed a multicultural play program through PBL classes, and explored changes in students' multicultural awareness during the development process. As a result of study, the multicultural play program developed by students enabled a play-experientaial understading of diversity, moving beyond a tourism-oriented approach. This multicultural program reflected the play-oriented Nuri curriculum, and resulting in a reduction of biases towards multiculturalism. Students' perception of multiculturalism changed as they realized that multicultural preschoolers were no different from their peers. They also recognized that excessive consideration and kindness towards multicultural individuals could lead to discomfort. Despite feeling anxious about how well they could interact with multicultural individuals after the multicultural education class, they acknowledged the importance of multicultural competencies in the future and expressed their willingness to apply what they had learned. For future research, it is suggested to utilize the compilation of play activities and analyze the outcomes to develop a practical and systematic multicultural program.

2022 개정 교육과정에 따른 실과 교과서 개발 방향 - 진로교육을 중심으로-

This study aimed to formulate plans for developing career education content and textbooks for
 elementary school Practical Arts programs, aligning with the 2022 curriculum revisions. The research
 methods employed included literature reviews and expert reviews from the field.
 The key findings of this study are as follows. First, the study underscores the significance of
 elementary school career education, given that this phase corresponds to a crucial period of
 intensive career development according to career development theory. It was emphasized that the
 2015 school career education goals and achievement standards need to be revised and supplemented
 to align with the revised 2022 curriculum. Second, despite the broader scope of career education
 introduced in the 2022 revised curriculum, including the concept of ‘career linkage education’, there
 was an overall reduction in the presence of career education within the Practical Arts Education
 curriculum. Nonetheless, evidence of content related to career education was identified across various
 areas within Practical Arts Education. This indicated the potential for developing textbooks that
 integrate career education concepts. Third, the study proposed that the structure of the career
 education component in Practical Arts textbooks, according to the 2022 curriculum revisions, should
 include an independent unit focused on career education as the first unit of the 6th grade.
 Furthermore, the entire Practical Arts textbook should be transformed into a career education
 convergence textbook incorporating career education. The objective is to reconfigure Practical Arts
 textbooks to emphasize life and career education. To this end, the study presented specific
 alternatives and provided practical and scholarly recommendations for implementation.

Nursing capacity building in health coaching with hospitalised chronic heart failure patients: a quasi-experimental study

Background Difficulty in adherence to treatment and self-care behaviours is a leading cause of preventable readmission in people with chronic heart failure (CHF). Although there is evidence of benefits of health coaching for the management of this situation, few interventions have been tested in the hospital setting. Aim To evaluate a coaching programme (H-Coaching) designed to develop nursing capacity in health coaching for chronic heart failure inpatients. Methods A quasi-experimental pre–post study including all nurses in a single centre cardiology ward (N = 19). The intervention consisted of two training packages: (1) five theoretical-practical sessions on health-coaching competencies, emotional intelligence, communication and support of chronic heart failure patients in their illness in the hospital setting; and (2) training sessions seven months after the first training package to reinforce the theoretical and practical knowledge. On four occasions, the Competence Instrument of Health Education for the Nursing professional was used to measure nurses’ knowledge, skills and attitudes in health coaching for chronic heart failure patients. Results The difference between the preintervention and postintervention scores were statistically significant for knowledge [mean difference = 1.00 (95% CI −1.45 to −0.51; p = 0.000)], skills in general [mean difference = 0.50 (95% CI −1.41 to −0.21; p = 0.015)] and personal/social skills [mean difference = 1.00 (95% CI −1.10 to −0.01; p = 0.048)]. While attitudinal and affective domains did not differ, there were differences in knowledge and skills. Conclusion The H-Coaching programme proved to be effective for building nursing capacity in health coaching CHF inpatients. Similar programmes designed to improve knowledge in verbal and nonverbal communication techniques, and skills for coaching interventions adapted to meet the needs of individual patients, should be tested in future interventional experimental studies. Clinical Trial Registration Number NCT05300880 Impact statement To our knowledge, this is the first nursing training intervention in health coaching for chronic heart failure the inpatient setting. This study has demonstrate improvements in both the knowledge and personal and social skills of cardiology nurses with regard to the development of health coaching in a hospital setting. Given the study design, further research is warranted. Plain Language Summary Many patients with chronic heart failure have problems in adhering to the treatment and self-care behaviours and this is one of the main causes of preventable readmission. To promote self-care, patients need to be empowered to integrate these habits into their daily lives and we should implement innovative strategies to achieve this. Health coaching is an ideal alternative to this but very few nurses in the hospital cardiology setting are experienced in health coaching. Our study has shown preliminary results demonstrating that a structured theoretical and practical training programme for nurses can improve nurses’ knowledge and skills in health coaching for inpatient patients with chronic heart failure. This study provides an opportunity for future research to demonstrate whether nurses with this training have a positive impact on the health outcomes of chronic heart failure patients and, more specifically, on their levels of self-care and empowerment.

Outcomes in human T-cell leukemia virus type I carriers after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for diseases other than adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma: a Japanese national survey

Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus known to cause adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). There are few reports on hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for HTLV-1 carriers with diseases other than ATL. A total of 25,839 patients (24,399 adults and 1440 children) with pre-transplant HTLV-1 serostatus information recorded in the Japanese National Survey Database who had undergone their first HSCT were analyzed. We investigated the overall survival (OS), transplant-related mortality (TRM), and disease-related mortality (DRM) after HSCT in relation to HTLV-1 serologic status. Three hundred and forty-eight patients were HTLV-1 antibody carriers. The number of HTLV-1 carriers and noncarriers among adult patients who received allogeneic HSCT (allo-HSCT) or autologous HSCT (auto-HSCT) was 237/15,777 and 95/8920, respectively, and was 16/1424 among pediatric patients who received allo-HSCT. No pediatric HTLV-1 carrier recipients undergoing auto-HSCT were identified. There were no significant differences between HTLV-1 carriers and non-carriers regarding stem cell source, disease risk, or HCT-CI score prior to allo-HSCT. Multivariate analysis of OS (P=0.020) and TRM (P=0.017) in adult patients showed that HTLV-1 positive status was a significant prognostic factor. In children, TRM was significantly higher (P=0.019), but OS was not significantly different. In adult patients who underwent auto-HSCT, HTLV-1 positive status was not a significant prognostic factor. In adult allo-HSCT patients, cytomegalovirus reactivation was significantly more common in HTLV-1 carriers (P=0.001). HTLV-1 antibody positivity was shown to have a poor prognosis in OS and TRM after allo-HSCT in adult patients and in TRM after allo-HSCT in pediatric patients. This work was supported in part by the practical research programs of the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) under grant number 17ck0106342h0001.

36 Quality Improvement Integrated Kangaroo Mother Care (QIiKMC)-Development with Evidence-based Practice for Improving Quality (EPIQ) to Improve Learning and Implementation

Abstract Introduction/Background Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) improves outcome for small newborns, but implementation has been slow. This lag may be associated with lack of short, effective learning programs for healthcare workers, and limited ability to overcome barriers to KMC program development. Objectives To develop a practical learning program for KMC with focus on facilitating healthcare workers assisting the learning of mothers and other family members in KMC care of small babies. To integrate KMC with quality improvement to assist healthcare workers overcome barriers to implementation and improve practice. Design/Methods Six neonatologists, with other global experts, developed as simulation-based, interactive, 12-contact-hour learning program with virtual pilot testing in Uganda, Tanzania, and Nepal, prior to implementation in Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital in Uganda. Revisions in QIiKMC course content and integration with quality improvement were accompanied by development of A KMC Readiness, Survey, Knowledge and Confidence Check, Parent Information, and Course Evaluation, with all components available at www.cnf-fnc.ca. Results Thirty-three nurses and physicians increased knowledge scores from 79% to 88% post-learning. 77% indicated the course was useful or very useful, appreciating “The link between EPIQ and KMC in identification and solving problems” and the “Usefulness of family involvement in caring for the newborn in the hospital and home”. Participants indicated preferences for face-to-face learning and more time for hands-on practice. KMC for small babies increased from 0% to 65% (by August-October 2022). Length of hospital stay decreased by 5 days. Government increased KMC beds from 4 to 8. Staff reported increased job satisfaction along with increased quality improvement activities. Family members in addition to mothers were involved (especially with multiple births or if the mother was ill). Families helped other families with learning. One father reported that “When my baby grows up, I will let him know that it was my warmth which kept him alive”. Conclusion Development of a short, practical KMC learning program was feasible. Integration with quality improvement was empowering and impactful. Acknowledgements Funding from the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada and a Rotary Global Grant is appreciated. Potential competing interests Funding for learning program development was received from the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. Funding for KMC implementation in Uganda was supported by a Rotary Global Grant.

A risk‐adjusted exponentially weighted moving average control chart for detection of the scale parameter in surgical quality monitoring

AbstractRisk‐adjusted control charts have been widely used in monitoring surgical quality in detecting risks of surgical performance. Most of the previous approaches focus on shifts in the location parameter as well as the existence of the scale parameter, which cannot get the full measure of the scale parameter under different levels. Ignoring the magnitude of the scale parameter, the monitoring methods cannot detect different variations of surgical mortality that is measured by scale parameter and required to reflect surgical quality improvement. The method of detecting variations in surgical quality is of interest in surgical quality improvement. This paper uses a new weighted h‐likelihood method to obtain a weighted score test for the surgical risks from the logistic model. Then an exponentially weighted moving average chart can be constructed to monitor the changes in the variance of risks, which could be of interest in practical surgical monitoring programs. Simulation results indicate that the proposed approach performs more efficiently than existing methods under various magnitudes of shifts in scale parameters on top of different pre‐set threshold stability. In addition, the application of the proposed method to real surgical data from the Surgical Outcome Monitoring and Improvement Program in Hong Kong shows the improvement and deterioration in a hospital's outcomes.

Phenological growth stages of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus according to the Biologische Bundesanstalt Bundessortenamt and Chemical Industry (BBCH) scale

AbstractAstragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus (Astragalus) is a perennial medicinal plant belonging to Leguminosae. Its main agronomic and industrial interest is the accumulation of astragaloside IV and calycosin‐7‐O‐β‐D‐glucoside in roots, two components that play crucial pharmacological roles in the finished pharmaceutical products. Phenological research is a prerequisite for improving the yield quality of cultivated medicinal plants. However, there are no standardized phenological studies on Astragalus. To expand phenotyping knowledge on this medicinal plant, researchers and breeders need a universal scale to describe the development of this plant. This study aims to define the phenological growth stages of Astragalus, based on the existing Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt und Chemische Industrie (BBCH) scale to provide a standard scale for Astragalus, and grown under temperate conditions of production and climate, proposes a disease and pest control reference. This study was conducted in Inner Mongolia, North China. The existing BBCH scale with a three‐digit code was used to define Astragalus's phenological growth codes, supplemented with pictures. Phenological observations were performed twice monthly, based on the developmental stages. The chronology and duration of each stage were also observed and described according to the accumulation of degree days during the growing season. Based on the data obtained, the influence of the average temperature and GDD on the phenophases was evaluated. The phenological description is divided into two principal growth stages: five for vegetative growth (perennating bud, leaf development, formation of branches, main stem elongation and root development), four for reproductive growth (reproductive organ development, flowering, fruit development and fruit maturation), and one for senescence according to the BBCH scale. Seventy secondary growth stages were described within the 10 principal growth stages. Under each secondary growth stage, six mesostages are also taken into account, which contains the distinct patterns of the phenological characteristics in Astragalus varieties and the process of transplanting seedlings. A practical management program for disease and pest control was also proposed by using the BBCH code and the phenological data proposed in this work. Our study presents the first BBCH scale established for Astragalus cultivated in temperate conditions and a chronology of phenological stages based on the accumulation of thermal time, through growing degree day calculation. This work provides a general tool that can be widely used by researchers, breeders, and manufacturers of medicinal materials leading to better agricultural production and scientific communication.

Experience in Developing and Implementing Practical Skills Training Programs Using Combined Simulation Techniques on Living Tissues

The paper presents our own experience in organizing and conducting training courses for doctors of surgical specialties using living tissue technology (Wet-Lab) and augmented virtual reality. A feature of these courses is the successful combination of Dry-Lab and Wet-Lab simulation techniques, which allows for “step-by-step” skill training with its consolidation during operations on animals in an experimental operating room.

Applicability of Theoretical and Practical Entrepreneurial Training and Development Programs for Start-ups

The main aim of the study is to find the gap between expectations and perceptions of entrepreneurial students regarding the service quality of the Entrepreneurial Development Program (EDP) they are enrolled at the idea-GYM, Central University of Technology in the Free State Province, South Africa. Expectations of a customer or a student refer to the beliefs about a service delivered by a company or institution as a standard or reference point against which the performance of the service received afterwards is judged. Knowing what the customer or student expects is a very important departure point in overall service delivery process. Customer perceived value is all about the quality service received and the satisfaction levels around the received service. Satisfaction is generally the broader concept, while service quality is focused specifically on the service delivery dimensions. A stratified random sampling technique was used to collect the data from the EDP students on the program of 2021 and 2022. Students completed the questionnaire on expectations before they started with the EDP program and then after the last session of the program, they completed the perception questionnaire. The results indicated that there were differences between the expectations and perceptions of the students related specifically to empathy and tangible dimensions of service quality. There were some significant differences between the expectations and perceptions of the students towards the service quality of the EDP which in most cases the perceptions were higher than what they expected beforehand from the program. Research limitations: The data was only collected from the current students attending the EDP program in 2021 and 2022. Moreover, the study focused only on the EDP program and the content within the program. The research methodology of this study is based on a pre-evaluation (expectations of the EDP program) and a post-evaluation (perceptions of the EDP program) after they were done with the content of the program.

Water-energy-food-land nexus challenges and contributions to the biofuel supply chain: Systematic review and meta-synthesis

The biofuel supply chain (BSC) management has received considerable attention in recent years for diversifying the energy matrix and the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, despite the robust body of literature in studies addressing sustainable management and optimization, research integrating scarce resources in the production process still needs to be developed. Also, problems concerning the basic demands of water, energy, food, and land (WEFL) involve different levels of decision-making, multiple scales, and numerous stakeholders with different objectives. The synergistic management of these resources is called WEFL Nexus approach and constitutes one of the most complex sustainability challenges. Understanding the practical contributions of each dimension of the WEFL Nexus approach to biofuel supply chain management can make the concept more accessible to decision-makers and enable the formulation of practical and implementable programs. Based on this analysis, this article presents a systematic literature review and a meta-synthesis to highlight how the nexus approach contributes to the sustainable management of the biofuel supply chain. The results obtained in the research show that the WEFL Nexus approach can provide social and economic solutions for managing BSCs through the diversification of energy biomass sources, decontamination, use of wastewater, choosing the most appropriate locations for planting and installations according to geography, climate, and society, and meeting regional social demands for resources. Furthermore, this research shows that it is possible to optimize the use of resources while production flows are optimized.

Entrepreneurship Education: Examining Long-Term Effects of a Practical Program Implemented in Children

Entrepreneurship education (EE) plays a crucial role in equipping individuals with the necessary competences to thrive in an increasingly dynamic and competitive world. By fostering entrepreneurial competencies, recognizing individual abilities, and promoting innovation and creativity, EE contributes to personal growth, employability, and economic development. This document presents an analysis conducted on the entrepreneurial competencies (EC) of students in San Quintin, Baja California, Mexico, who have participated in a practical EE program over the past 5 years. To conduct the analysis, a questionnaire was administered to both a control group and an experimental group, and the data were captured in the SPSS V23 software for interpretation. The results demonstrate a significant correlation between EE programs and EC developed by the students in the experimental group. Therefore, it is recommended to promote and sustain such initiatives, aiming for their long-term continuity, strengthening, and growth.

Factors Affecting Well-Being in Korean Young Adults Facing Material Deprivation: Testing the Reserve Capacity Model.

Based on the reserve capacity model, the current study aims to explore the effect of material deprivation on well-being in Korean young adults using path analysis to investigate the mediating effects of loneliness, relationship satisfaction, perceived social support, and depression. Data from 2,041 young adults in the 2021 Youth Socio-Economic Reality Survey were included in a secondary analysis. According to the constructed path model, material deprivation, relationship satisfaction, perceived social support, and depression had significant direct effects on well-being. The indirect effect of material deprivation on well-being was statistically significant and sequentially mediated by loneliness, relationship satisfaction, and depression. Findings suggest the multidimensional effects of material deprivation on the mental health and well-being of Korean young adults through loneliness and relationship satisfaction-representing intrapersonal and interpersonal reserves, respectively. Policy support and multidimensional practical programs are needed to help materially deprived young adults build and maintain relationships and avoid feelings of loneliness and social isolation. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 62(3), 29-38.].

Determination of dental anxiety levels in dental faculty students

Aim: Dental education is considered a highly stressful time consisting of a series of courses and practical programs aimed at developing interpersonal skills, learning the theoretical foundations of professional practices, and acquiring clinical skills. The aim of this study was to determine and comparatively examine preclinical and clinical students’ dental anxiety levels. Methodology: The study included third- and fourth-year students in the Dicle University Faculty of Dentistry. The students were asked to complete questionnaire forms, including the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Corah’s Dental Anxiety Scale (C-DAS), to determine their anxiety levels. Gender, age, and academic year were recorded. The significance level was set at p < 0.050. Results: No statistically significant differences were found in the median STAI-S, STAI-T, and C-DAS values between classes. A statistically significant correlation was found between the STAI-S, STAI-T, and C-DAS values. The C-DAS values of third-year female students were higher than those of male students. No difference was observed between the genders among fourth-year students. Conclusion: Neither preclinical nor clinical students exhibited high dental anxiety, and no differences were detected between classes. We believe that this result is associated with increases in education and acquired experience. How to cite this article: Sarıbaş E. Determination of dental anxiety levels in dental faculty students. Int Dent Res 2023;13(2):90-98. https://doi.org/10.5577/idr.2023.vol13.no2.7 Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

THE REALITY OF PRACTICAL TRAINING PROGRAMS FOR TEACHERS IN LIGHT OF TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT AND CONTINUOUS MODERN INNOVATIONS: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

To meet labor market demands, teachers must stay updated with technological advancements as technology has become a crucial part of life. To remain relevant, they must engage in specialized training programs. The success of these programs relies on trainees’ basic technological skills. To attain effective educational results, educators must recognize the influence of technological advancements and innovations on the relationship between instructors and students. This study investigated the most successful design techniques for practical teacher training programs in the age of the technological revolution. It recognizes the problems and opportunities associated with adopting new technological developments in educational operations. By analyzing the current state of training programs for teachers, this study seeks to identify the obstacles faced in acquiring modern technological skills and the subsequent benefits to educational systems. In addition, practical recommendations were provided to address these challenges. Furthermore, this study will investigate the main components that should be included in the content of training programs, considering the technical skills expected by both teachers and learners. Drawing from previous studies on teacher training in modern technology, this study hopes to offer unique insights and recommendations for future programs. The opportunities offered by technological developments to enhance the quality and effectiveness of practical training programs have been explored, including online and blended learning, virtual simulation, augmented reality, data-driven assessment, collaboration and communication tools, personalized learning experiences, access to open educational resources, and mobile learning. The integration of these components into practical training programs equips teachers with the skills necessary to effectively integrate technology into their teaching practices, ultimately improving the quality of their education and learning outcomes.

A Study on the Social Practice Teaching of College Students Going to Rural Areas and Training Mandarin in Guanghui Village of the Yi Nationality in Mabian

With the deepening of rural revitalization, “Language Poverty Alleviation” is the cultural dilemma facing China’s three continents and three regions. Popularization of Putonghua concerns ethnic unity, social stability and the construction and development of socialist cause. The subject of this survey is the “Survey Report on the Status of National Common Languages and Characters in Guanghui Village of the Yi Nationality in Mabian”. Based on the social situation and the present situation of learning in Mabian County, this social practice selects 15 volunteers who majored in primary school education (undergraduate) of Geely College to go to Mabian to help the primary school students in Guanghui Village of Mabian Yi Autonomous County to carry out the teaching practice of pushing and popularizing, such as game teaching，questionnaire survey, Interviews, On-the-spot investigation, To fully understand the current situation of the left-behind children of Yi nationality in the village using the national common language. Mastering and accumulating questionnaire data and first-line sample information. analyzing the learning effect and influencing factors of the research object, which it helps the work of “village revitalization” has put forward practical improvement programmes.

The FLY-project: study protocol for mixed methods research to explore the complex social dynamics of sustainable food-related lifestyles in youth in practical education

BackgroundThe present-day food system is a key driver of climate change and biodiversity loss, making it imperative for populations to shift towards more sustainable diets. The involvement of youth in this transition is vital because they are in a formative period where their identities, values, and norms, including their food behaviours, are being shaped. Special attention should be paid to youth in practical education because they are often overlooked in existing studies, yet evidence suggests they may lack the necessary resources to support dietary changes, resulting in lower levels of pro-environmental food-related behaviours. The aim of the FLY (Food-related Lifestyles in Youth) project is to study how sustainable food-related lifestyles and underlying factors develop in early adolescence, particularly in Dutch youth in practical education, how these spread in social networks, and to develop community-level intervention strategies to support youths’ transition to sustainable food-related behaviours.Methods/designThe FLY-project adopts a mixed-method approach. First, two literature reviews are conducted. A systematic review assesses how capabilities, opportunities and motivation are associated with sustainable food behaviours in youth, and how these elements interrelate in determining sustainable food-related lifestyles. A scoping review studies community-level interventions that target sustainable and healthy food-related behaviours. Second, focus groups are conducted to explore the barriers and facilitating factors concerning capabilities, opportunities, and motivations that Dutch youth in practical-level education experience to transition to more sustainable food-related lifestyles. Third, a cohort survey study is conducted to track the dynamic interplay between capabilities, opportunities, motivation, and changes in specific sustainable food behaviours over time, and to assess the diffusion of sustainable food-related lifestyles via social (media) networks. Fourth, an experimental research programme tests promising intervention approaches, some of which are co-created with youth, targeting relevant underlying factors.DiscussionThis paper describes the rationale, conceptual framework, design and methods of the FLY-project. The FLY-project contributes to an understanding of underlying factors of sustainable food-related behaviours in adolescence and results in a multi-component intervention toolkit, with a particular focus on youth in practical education programmes.

Evaluation of CSR Implementation and Improvement Strategy Using SWOT Analysis and Balanced Scorecard Perspective (Case Study on Upstream Oil and Gas Production Operations in Pertamina EP Jatibarang Field)

This study aims to evaluate the implementation and provide an overview of strategies to improve social responsibility programs using the balanced scorecard method and SWOT analysis as part of the company's role in sustainable development and social empowerment. This research approach is qualitative. The research location is at PT Pertamina EP Jatibarang Field. Time of research in 2023. Primary data collection techniques through in-depth interviews and secondary data based on company internal data. The data analysis technique uses the balanced scorecard which is a performance management system that combines 4 main measurement categories, namely the public perspective, internal business perspective, financial perspective, and learning & growth perspective, and SWOT analysis. The results of the research show that PT Pertamina EP Jatibarang Field has carried out CSR activities for a long period of time, so it can take advantage of various long experiences in CSR to increase the effectiveness of subsequent CSR programs, then continue practical training programs that are useful for direct implementation by the community/community as a basis for empowerment. Pertamina EP needs to revamp the CSR budget management so that the allocation and supervision are more effective, and it needs to develop the partnerships that have been formed (Elpiji Gas Project for the Environment, Organic Agriculture).