Practical Interpretation Research Articles

Mental Health Analysis Using Philosophical Tenets

Philosophical beliefs or principles can help healthcare providers establish effective approaches to mental health analysis. This article aims to demonstrate how modern philosophical tenets could improve mental health analysis from diagnosis to treatment. It describes the role and importance of philosophical approaches, including the Gadamer philosophical hermeneutics, in providing alternative approaches to mental illness treatments as an interdisciplinary field combining practical views and methods of the philosophies of mind, neuroscience, psychology, and moral philosophy. This is achieved by exploring the evolution of mental illnesses, the philosophical views on the manifestation of psychiatric disorders, scientific and philosophical viewpoints, and insights on applying Gadamer’s philosophical hermeneutics to mental illnesses. Gadamer’s viewpoints present essential philosophical foundations that could solve the crucial problems associated with the antecedent theories of mental illnesses. Overall, the philosophical viewpoint requires patient diagnosis and treatment approaches that holistically consider the use of language in all interpretive practices, cultural phenomena, patients' histories, and environmental factors that are critical sources of hermeneutic experiences.

Tafsir Praksis Ekologi Al-Qur'an Studi Relevansi Program Konservasi Alam di PT Bukit Asam Tanjung Enim dengan Nilai-Nilai Ekologi Qurani Serta Implikasi Teologi Sosial

The purpose of this study is to determine the Nature Conservation Program at PTBA Tanjung Enim Coal and its Relevance to the Ecological Values of the Qur'an. 2) To know the implications in action of Alternative Social Theology. This research is a type of field research (qualitative) where researchers directly observe and participate in a small social-scale research location, research conducted by researchers focuses on the natural damage of local coal mining. In conclusion, this study confirms that Islam provides relevant ethical and moral guidelines in the context of nature conservation. The nature conservation program at PT Bukit Asam Tanjung Enim is interpreted as a form of practical interpretation that translates the ecological values of the Qur'an into concrete actions. In addition, the article highlights the implications of social theology, emphasizing corporate responsibility to society and the surrounding environment

LITERATURE STUDENTS’ MANUAL FOR EAP WRITING: A SURVEY OF INTERPRETATIVE PRACTICES AND MOVEMENTS IN LITERARY CRITICISM

The practice of teaching Methodology of scientific research, the obligatory course for PhD literature students of Foreign Philology at the Faculty of Philosophy in Niš, has showed that one of the frequent shortcomings in the process of creating a well-equipped literary scholar represents the lack of adequate knowledge regarding the mere purpose of literary criticism, its interpretative practices, methods and movements. Thus, the most important task of a literary instructor is to offer basic scientific insights into the previously mentioned matter, establish firm initial grounds and prepare students for further acquisition of diverse literary specificities. Accordingly, the aim of this article is to offer a brief survey of methods and movements in literary criticism that may serve as a starting point in the critical analysis of a literary work. Before focusing on the survey itself, diverse definitions of literary criticism are presented in the first part of the article. In the next segment, four most common interpretative practices in literary criticism (close reading, contextual analysis, the application of a critical approach, and social critique) are discussed. The last part of the article depicts and shortly explains some major contemporary schools of critical analysis, most frequently used in literature courses at the university level. The theoretical framework of the study relies on the valuable insights mainly of Rapaport, and then Richards, Brooks, Warren, Selden, Widdowson and Brooker. We finally argue that the obtained theoretical knowledge of literary criticism particularities represents a solid ground for developing an analytic apparatus for EAP writing.

Staged reality in cinema: Contemporary interpretations and meanings

Relevance. The relevance of this subject is related to the development of information technology and new media, which has allowed wide access to cinema as a visual activity. The information media space is increasingly connected to human existence, and the demand for intangible goods and services inherent in post-industrial society is causing increasing demands for intellectual products outside the science and production industry.Purpose. In this context, the purpose of the study is to identify the plane of the significance of the staged reality of cinema as a dominant form of synthetic art, the attitude between artistic and nonartistic features of staged reality on the example of fiction and documentary cinema, and to outline the transformation of the structure of film reality as a constructor and medium.Methodology. The principal approaches to the study were structural and hermeneutic approaches to structural analysis in terms of the semiotics of culture of cinema reality sign space and the use of interpretive practices on textual objects.Results. The study describes the connection between the simulacrisation of cinema as a separate staged reality, capable of gaining independence from the original author's idea; the loss of the original author's role and the work itself as a text that is part of the global inter- and hypertext; and the role of the medium as a coherent, semantic carrier of content in the act of communication, which in its unity infinitely increases the possible perceptible meanings determined by the form.Conclusions. The materials of this study harmonise the theories of simulacra, author's death and mediumship in the context of cinema semiotics in the interpretative vector "mediumship-discourse-sign" and orient further research towards establishing the attitude between individual authorial language and cinema discourse in the context of hyperreality.

Theoretical and empirical approach to how a professorship is organized in the German higher education system and how the organizational process works

In this article, we explore the question of how membership, hierarchy, rules, monitoring, and sanctions are used at German professorships to organize research. Using these five criteria of an organization from Ahrne and Brunsson (Organization, 18(1):83–104, 2011) as a theoretical pattern, we shed light on the meso-level of universities in the German higher education system—the professorship. It is at this level that the collaborative production of research is organized. We show which organizational mechanisms are necessary for this joint production process, how the practical implementation and interpretation of rules as an organizational process take place at the professorships, as well as various negotiations and sanctions. In the German higher education system, professors are the superiors of their academic staff. The professor decides on the hiring and renewal of employees and is the supervisor of doctoral candidates, who in the German higher education system are mostly employed as research assistants. To illustrate the characteristics of the criteria, we draw on empirical material from mixed-methods research, which made it possible to contrast and substantiate the special features of professorships in Germany from different perspectives and data.

The cardiomyocyte origins of diastolic dysfunction: cellular components of myocardial "stiffness".

The impaired ability of the heart to relax and stretch to accommodate venous return is generally understood to represent a state of "diastolic dysfunction" and often described using the all-purpose noun "stiffness." Despite the now common qualitative usage of this term in fields of cardiac patho/physiology, the specific quantitative concept of stiffness as a molecular and biophysical entity with real practical interpretation in healthy and diseased hearts is sometimes obscure. The focus of this review is to characterize the concept of cardiomyocyte stiffness and to develop interpretation of "stiffness" attributes at the cellular and molecular levels. Here, we consider "stiffness"-related terminology interpretation and make links between cardiomyocyte stiffness and aspects of functional and structural cardiac performance. We discuss cross bridge-derived stiffness sources, considering the contributions of diastolic myofilament activation and impaired relaxation. This includes commentary relating to the role of cardiomyocyte Ca2+ flux and Ca2+ levels in diastole, the troponin-tropomyosin complex role as a Ca2+ effector in diastole, the myosin ADP dissociation rate as a modulator of cross bridge attachment and regulation of cross-bridge attachment by myosin binding protein C. We also discuss non-cross bridge-derived stiffness sources, including the titin sarcomeric spring protein, microtubule and intermediate filaments, and cytoskeletal extracellular matrix interactions. As the prevalence of conditions involving diastolic heart failure has escalated, a more sophisticated understanding of the molecular, cellular, and tissue determinants of cardiomyocyte stiffness offers potential to develop imaging and molecular intervention tools.

Quantitative methods for group bibliotherapy research: a pilot study

Background Bibliotherapy is under-theorized and under-tested: Its purposes and implementations vary widely, and the idea that ‘reading is good for you’ is often more assumed than demonstrated. One obstacle to developing robust empirical and theoretical foundations for bibliotherapy is the absence of analytical methods capable of providing sensitive yet replicable insights into complex textual material. This pilot study offers a proof-of-concept for new quantitative methods including VAD (valence–arousal–dominance) modelling of emotional variance and doc2vec modelling of linguistic similarity. Methods VAD and doc2vec modelling were used on conjunction with qualitative coding to analyse transcripts of reading-group discussions plus the literary texts being discussed, from two reading groups each meeting weekly for six weeks (including 9 participants [5 researchers (3 authors, 2 collaborators), 4 others] in Group 1, and 8 participants [2 authors, 6 others] in Group 2). Results In-text–discussion similarity was inversely correlated with emotional volatility in the group discussions (arousal: r = -0.25; p = ns; dominance: r = 0.21; p = ns; valence: r = -0.28; p = ns). Enjoyment or otherwise of the texts was less significant than other factors in shaping the significance and potential benefits of participation. (Texts with unpleasant or disturbing content that strongly shaped subsequent discussions of these texts were still able to sponsor ‘healthy’ discussions of this content.) Conclusions Our methods and findings offer for the field of bibliotherapy research both new possibilities for hypotheses to test, and viable ways of testing them. In particular, the use of natural language processing methods and word norm data offer valuable complements to intuitive human judgement and self-report when assessing the impact of literary materials. We also share observations on facilitation protocols, interpretative practices, and how our group reading model differs from other trials of group reading for wellbeing.

Content aspects of translation training programmes at chinese universities

The paper deals with the problem of training translators in higher education institutions of the People's Republic of China. Translation training programmes are offered by polytechnic, educational and language universities. It is stated that in China, translation training at the master's level is provided not only at language universities, but also at universities of applied sciences. The system of requirements for the content of bachelor's and master's programmes is considered. It is established that the training of translators at the bachelor's level consists of two stages: the basic and the professional training stage. Translation training programmes have the same structure at both stages, but differ in the content of the structural components, which are: theory, translation, interpreting, translator's tools, cultural literacy. The main competences required for obtaining a master's degree in translation are highlighted: language competence, translation competence, intercultural communication competence, competence in acquiring encyclopaedic knowledge, and teamwork competence. The basic stage focuses on fostering students' good academic style and correct teaching methods and on building basic bilingual skills. At the vocational stage, the focus is on developing students' practical interpretation and translation skills. As a result of professional translation training, a translation specialist should be able to translate texts of various genres, using translation principles and techniques professionally; be able to translate texts in various fields, such as politics, economics, automotive, business, medicine, into Chinese, and be able to translate texts in related fields into foreign languages. It has been determined that in order to better meet the current needs of society for qualified translators, universities create professional courses on a scientific basis. Such courses include, in particular, technical translation, translator's tools, and cultural studies.

Semi-automated analysis of HER2 immunohistochemistry in invasive breast carcinoma using whole slide images: utility for interpretation in clinical practice.

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) gene amplification and subsequent protein overexpression is a strong prognostic and predictive biomarker in invasive breast carcinoma (IBC). ASCO/CAP recommended tests for HER2 assessment include immunohistochemistry (IHC) and/or in situ hybridization (ISH). Accurate HER2 IHC scoring (0, 1+, 2+, 3+) is key for appropriate classification and treatment of IBC. HER2-targeted therapies, including anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies and antibody drug conjugates (ADC), have revolutionized the treatment of HER2-positive IBC. Recently, ADC have also been approved for treatment of HER2-low (IHC 1+, IHC 2+/ISH-) advanced breast carcinoma, making a distinction between IHC 0 and 1+ crucial. In this focused study, 32 IBC with HER2 IHC scores from 0 to 3+ and HER2 FISH results formed a calibration dataset, and 77 IBC with HER2 IHC score 2+ and paired FISH results (27 amplified, 50 non-amplified) formed a validation dataset. H&E and HER2 IHC whole slide images (WSI) were scanned. Regions of interest were manually annotated and IHC scores generated by the software QuantCenter (MembraneQuant application) by 3DHISTECH Ltd. (Budapest, Hungary) and compared to the microscopic IHC score. H-scores [(3×%IHC3+) +(2×%IHC2+) +(1×%IHC1+)] were calculated for semi-automated (MembraneQuant) analysis. Concordance between microscopic IHC scoring and 3DHISTECH MembraneQuant semi-automated scoring in the calibration dataset showed a Kappa value of 0.77 (standard error 0.09). Microscopic IHC and MembraneQuant image analysis for the detection of HER2 amplification yielded a sensitivity of 100% for both and a specificity of 56% and 61%, respectively. In the validation set of IHC 2+ cases, only 13 of 77 cases (17%) had discordant results between microscopic and MembraneQuant images, and various artifacts limiting the interpretation of HER2 IHC, including cytoplasmic/granular staining and crush artifact were noted. Semi-automated analysis using WSI and microscopic evaluation yielded similar HER2 IHC scores, demonstrating the potential utility of this tool for interpretation in clinical practice and subsequent accurate treatment. In this study, it was shown that semi-automatic HER2 IHC interpretation provides an objective approach to a test known to be quite subjective.

TRANSFORMATION OF THE FAMILY INSTITUTION: SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF NEW CHANGES IN MARRIAGE AND FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS

The emergence of new positions on the issues of gender equality and justice, as they arise in the context of social liberalism and economic reconstruction, serve to ensure equality between men and women. Furthermore, they facilitate the advent of novel approaches to the birth and upbringing of children, and accelerate the transformation of the family institution. The reconciliation of new positions in marriage-family relations and the succession of generations represents an urgent problem that requires sociological analysis. The authors of the article conducted an analysis of the system of sociological theoretical and methodological concepts aimed at explaining the changes in the institution of the family. They also conducted a secondary analysis of the sociological research data (N: 1,200 respondent) on the topic “Kazakhstan Families – 2022”, which was conducted by the NJSC “Kazakhstan Institute of Public Development”. This multifaceted approach enabled the identification and analysis of the changes occurring in marriage and family relations in Kazakhstan. The findings of the analysis indicated that the attitudes and stances of Kazakhstani individuals with regard to the family are characterised by a degree of conservatism. Furthermore, the findings of the study indicate that Kazakhstani individuals place a high value on traditional family values and strive to maintain them. Nevertheless, the most significant value for a contemporary family is care and mutual respect, as well as support, which in the modern era is referred to as an “ecological relationship”. A conceptual analysis of the transformation of the family institution and its interpretation in practice through the results of sociological research has the potential to inform theoretical and methodological decisions in the development of proposals for the regulation of marriage-family relations for submission to state structures and research institutes.

M 2 D-VAE: Self-Supervised Probabilistic Temporal- Spatial Latent Representation Learning for Unsupervised Industrial Operational Applications Under Missing Value Interference.

Due to sensor malfunctions and data transmission corruptions, the industrial process data collected commonly contain missing values. It poses a significant challenge for data-driven approaches in aggregating temporal-spatial correlations that reflect dependencies across both variables and times, which makes it difficult to directly carry out downstream industrial operational applications. In this study, a self-supervised representation learning model is proposed to extract probabilistic temporal-spatial latent variables (LVs) from sequential data under missing value interference. The extracted LVs can be utilized for typical industrial operational applications through a unified framework. First, a novel deep dynamic probabilistic latent variable model, named Markov dynamic variational autoencoder (MD-VAE), is proposed to explicitly model the temporal-spatial dependencies between LVs. The latent posteriors are Bayesian smoothed by global sequence information for effective variational inference (VI). Second, a self-supervised learning approach, termed masked MD-VAE (), is proposed to address the challenge of directly extracting temporal-spatial LVs under missing value interference. Controllable constraints with practical interpretations are introduced to balance the latent bottleneck capacity with reconstruction accuracy during model optimization. A unified framework is proposed to utilize the latent representations for typical industrial downstream tasks. Case studies conducted on a real-world multiphase flow process demonstrate the superiority of in unsupervised industrial operational applications including missing value imputation and dynamic process monitoring under missing value interference.

РОЛЬ ОБЩЕОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫХ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ В СОЦИОКУЛЬТУРНОМ ГОРОДСКОМ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕ

The interaction of an architectural object with urban space changes over time and depends on a number of external factors. Inclusion in the aspect of studying the interaction of an object and society is currently a promising direction. As a result of this process, a number of changes occur in the space-planning structure of the object, in the functional structure of the school site. The study proposes to consider external factors influencing the nature of the interaction between the educational object and the sociocultural urban space, to identify and systematize internal factors that influence the functional structure, space-planning solutions of the building and the saturation of the functional frame of the school site. The article provides a number of advanced examples of designing school facilities in the “school-city” concept. When introducing such an approach at the design stage, the functional scenario for the development of educational, leisure, and sports activities applies not only to direct participants in the educational process, but also to residents of the surrounding buildings. This method makes it possible to strengthen the sociocultural connection between society and the city, filling the environment with cultural events, social meetings and sporting events. The school building takes on a new interpretation both in architectural practice and in the sociocultural aspect of the city’s development.

Measures of preoperative anxiety: Part two.

The current literature indicates that routine evaluation of preoperative anxiety, its determinants, and patient-specific concerns is universally advocated. This aligns with the increasingly acknowledged importance of prehabilitation - a comprehensive process preparing patients for surgery. A crucial component of prehabilitation is assessing patients' mental health. Recommendations for psychological evaluations in prehabilitation encompass, inter alia, determining the severity of anxiety. This work builds on a 2019 article, which presented scales for preoperative anxiety assessment: the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS), and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). This article extends the possibilities of preoperative anxiety assessment by introducing four additional methods: the Surgical Fear Questionnaire (SFQ), the Anxiety Specific to Surgery Questionnaire (ASSQ), the Surgical Anxiety Questionnaire (SAQ), and Anesthesia- and Surgery-dependent Preoperative Anxiety (ASPA). The authors provide comprehensive details on these instruments, including scoring, interpretation, availability, and usefulness both in scientific research and clinical practice. The authors also provide the data on the availability of Polish versions of the presented methods and preliminary data on the reliability of SFQ in patients awaiting cardiac surgery. This review seems relevant for professionals in multiple disciplines, including anesthesiology, surgery, clinical psychology, nursing, primary care and notably prehabilitation. It emphasizes the necessity of individualizing anxiety assessment and acknowledging patient subjectivity, which the presented methods facilitate through a thorough evaluation of specific patient concerns. The literature review also identifies concerns and future research avenues in this area. The importance of qualitative studies and those evaluating prehabilitation intervention is emphasized.

Exploring the effects of methodological choices on the estimation and biological interpretation of life history parameters for harbour porpoises in Norway and beyond.

This study investigates effects of subtle methodological choices on the estimation and biological interpretation of age, growth and reproductive parameters for harbour porpoises. The core analyses are based on a focal Norwegian data set built on samples from 134 harbour porpoises caught incidentally in gillnet fisheries along the Norwegian coast during autumn 2016 and spring 2017. Two contrasting practices for interpretation of seasonal and ontogenetic characteristics of tooth growth layer formation resulted in significant age differences among spring samples of young porpoises and for older animals across seasons. In turn, these differences affected estimates of age at maturity and asymptotic lengths, respectively. We also found significant differences in male age at maturity between two well-documented maturity criteria and between mathematical estimators of age at maturity for both sexes. Two different criteria for corpus albicans classification furthermore resulted in different patterns of ovarian corpora accumulation, which may affect some estimates of fecundity rates and contaminant loads. Both corpora accumulation patterns were also found in reanalysed data from German and Greenlandic porpoises. Based on tabulated overviews of methodological choices made in previous harbour porpoise studies, we argue that several of the issues mentioned above have wider relevance and may affect the validity of meta-analyses as a tool for estimating harbour porpoise sensitivity to extrinsic pressures. Differences in cause of death (COD) composition between data sets can have a similar effect. We demonstrate this in a meta-analysis of published harbour porpoise pregnancy rates, showing significantly higher values for trauma-killed samples compared to samples comprising mixed COD categories. COD also affected the estimated impacts of three previously analysed extrinsic predictors as well as an added predictor for vessel noise levels. We discuss the potential contributions of methodological, biological and anthropogenic factors in shaping observed regional differences in estimates of harbour porpoise life history parameters.

Wyznaczanie temporalnych granic decyzji interpretacyjnej przez sąd (w świetle orzecznictwa sądów administracyjnych)

Subject of consideration in this article remains the problem of changing direction of interpretation in judicial-administrative jurisprudence, which sometimes produces consequences similar to the effects of a legislative change. Against this background, the authors attempt to formulate a description of the practice of application of law, i.e. to present jurisprudential arguments supporting decision on the scope of application of interpreted legal norm, as well as to reconstruct underlying assumptions. Using an example of two groups of selected judgments, authors consider cases in which argumentation of the temporal scope of impact of a particular interpretative direction appears in the justifications of administrative court decisions. The analysis carried out confirms that although courts generally assume the retrospective impact of interpretation, in a situation where the content of the derived legal norm fundamentally deviates from previous interpretative practice, they seek legitimization of their actions by justifying the intertemporal decision with constitutional values. These values provide an essential interpretive framework reflecting the cultural model prevalent in the native legal communication community. If courts perceive a risk of violating the values underlying the prohibition of retroactivity, such as legal certainty or principle of trust in public authorities, they indicate reasons for limiting the temporal scope of interpretation pro futuro, or on the contrary, for its effect ex tunc. Against this background, the retrospective effect of interpretation appears not as a consequence of interpretation being made, but rather as a kind of interpretative presumption that can be rebutted or confirmed if arguments are made that allow the interpretation to apply only to future states, or that give additional suport for retrospective application of new interpretation.

Визуальная теология икономии

The concept of oikonomia, which brings together cosmology, anthropology and jurisprudence is characteristic of iconic culture in the Byzantine tradition. Drawing on the political ideas of Leo Strauss and the interpretation of icons in the theories of the visual by Paul Virilio, Jean-Luc Marion, and Marie-Josée Mondzain, we reconstruct the applicability limits of this concept in visual programs. Oikonomia is a principle of legal regulation that converts legal conflicts into economic ones. It helps to understand the world economy as a global system that has an eschatological dimension. The oikonomia of salvation, with its dogmatic meaning, is realized in practical life and in practical mind as a professionalization of econ-omy in a broad sense. In the structure of oikonomia, the distinction between theoretical and practical reason is ultimately fulfilled, so that the concept should be understood not as a mode of adaptation to the current situation, but as a symbiosis in the sense of Graham Harman’s Immaterialism. Therefore, we can say that oikonomia constitutes an alternative to Protestant ethics, and regularizes the elaboration of iconic forms as teleological, building an architecture of designs and their realizations. This kind of approach to oikonomia encourages us to adopt a new viewpoint on the achievements of Russian religious thought: to see it not as a dogmatic creativity but as a requisite ethical reflection or practical eschatology. The iconic can then be described not as a balance of representation and solemn construction, as it is usually done when specific visual techniques of icon-making are presented, that is as a necessary solemn liturgical entrance of the heavenly into the earthly. Another, equally consistent description is possible, a balance of solemn politics and eschatological sincerity, where politics represents its own self, while sincerity appears as an aspect of solemn appeal and an implementation of higher- level plans in relation to aesthetic and ethical decisions. This will explain the development of the icon in Modern era and show how various practical interpretations of oikonomia can be applied non-discursively, but only within the manifestation of eschatological experience.

Crescimento da linhaça oleaginosa descrito por modelo não linear logístico

ABSTRACT Knowledge on plant-atmosphere interactions is essential to understand the growth and development of agricultural crops. Thus, fitting growth curves is an important methodology to model plant growth and phenological stages. The study aimed to describe the growth of four oilseed flax materials cultivated in six agricultural years and with different sowing dates through the nonlinear logistic model. Nine experiments were carried out in Curitibanos, SC, Brazil, between 2014 and 2020, considering different sowing dates. Throughout the crop cycle, the number of leaves, number of secondary stems, plant height and total dry mass were measured. Nonlinear logistic model was fitted to the data, with the growth variables as the dependent variables and the accumulated thermal sum as the independent variable. Model fit and parameter estimation were obtained by ordinary least method, using a Gauss-Newton algorithm. The goodness of fit was measured by intrinsic and parametric nonlinearity, adjusted coefficient of determination, random standard error, standard deviation of fit, Akaike information criterion, and Bayesian information criterion. The performance of the nonlinear logistic model differed between the varieties and cultivars studied, in different years and sowing times. However, the use of the nonlinear logistic model improves inferences about the growth of oilseed flax, and the estimates of its parameters and critical points allow a biological and practical interpretation to assist in crop planning. Furthermore, the study suggests that the oilseed flax cycle is directly related to genotype × environment interactions, and when sown at later times, the materials tend to shorten their cycle.

Improvisational Conversations: Teaching as an Interpretive Practice

Improvisation is a phenomenon that is deeply embedded in the day-to-day lives of teachers and students. Yet, few educators take the time to consider improvisation as being necessary to reach meaningful understandings with students. This paper is a hermeneutic inquiry that positions curriculum as improvisation by engaging in a conversation that may expand others' understandings of what it is and means to be a teacher who is living well with others. Examining specific incidents that have undergirded my life as a jazz musician and educator, I offer reflections on teaching as being, at its core, an interpretive practice. Drawing further on Gadamer’s (2001) notion of genuine conversation, the history of jazz improvisation and my own lived experiences, I engage in a conversation about why I believe teaching is an interpretive practice akin to improvisation and genuine conversation.

Centaur at the Edge of the Forest

The study is devoted to one of the most relevant topics in art theory and philosophy of art — the search for principles for constructing a world history of art that would not be Western-centric. Since the origination of art history as a discipline is impacted by Hegel's philosophical system, attempts to develop a new history of art, from its beginnings in the 1960s to contemporary decolonial initiatives, have focused on deconstructing various aspects of its Hegelian foundations. In its most radical form, Hegel can be seen as the cause of the “white colonist” view of the art history of “Other” cultures, which are attributed traits such as “primitiveness,” “backwardness,” or are completely denied a place in history. This paper examines three ideas that underlie traditional art history (linearity, the principle of significance, and monochrony), as well as three philosophical questions that create any such history (what concept of history is chosen, how the principle of movement through history is understood, and what the principle selection of art history records is). These ideas and questions will be examined in relation to Hegel's philosophy, along with how their many practical interpretations deviate to varying degrees from the original. All of them are connected by the fact that they presuppose a certain philosophy of history and time. To reconsider the critique of Hegelianism, this study proposes to examine it through the concept of temporal discursive violence, which is constructed by applying the anthropological concept of the denial of coevalness to the Other to the context of temporal relations in the history of art. It will be shown that the rejection of Hegelian principles may lead to a large number of paradoxical situations, in which the history of art turns into a meaningless catalog or even into big data. Next there will be an attempt to prove that (a) the problem with Hegelianism in the history of art can be translated into the problem of temporal discursive violence, however, (b) this problem is not solved by relativization, the rejection of Hegel, or the selective preservation of his principles.

Exploring the Notions of Agreement, Collusion and Concerted Practice in Competition Act 2010

Cooperative activities among undertakings have the potential to disrupt fair competition, making it essential to delineate which agreements, practices, or arrangements fall under the purview of competition laws. This article aims to evaluate the existing provisions governing agreements and practices within the framework of the Competition Act 2010 while drawing relevant comparisons with the provisions outlined in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). It endeavors to address specific questions and considerations. Firstly, it delves into the fundamental elements and definitions of agreements and practices as specified by the Competition Act 2010. It then explores whether these provisions in CA 2010 align with or deviate from the corresponding articles within the TFEU, shedding light on potential convergences or divergences. Furthermore, this article examines whether there are notable resemblances or disparities between CA 2010 and TFEU in their definitions of agreements and practices related to competition. It scrutinizes the implications, if any, that arise from these disparities or similarities between CA 2010 and TFEU for undertakings operating within their respective jurisdictions. Finally, it highlights specific cases or instances, if any, where the interpretation of agreements and practices under CA 2010 significantly diverges from TFEU, potentially leading to legal challenges or uncertainties. Through this comprehensive analysis, the article aims to contribute to a nuanced understanding of competition laws in both Pakistan and the European Union contexts.