Field Of Practice Research Articles

Turbulent models of shallow-water equations-based smoothed particle hydrodynamics

The depth-averaged models such as those based on the shallow water equations (SWEs) are commonly used to simulate the large-scale flows with engineering importance. The smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) approach has been documented to solve the SWEs due to its mesh-free superiority in treating the free surfaces and wet-dry boundaries. However, nearly all SWE-SPH models were developed without a turbulent model, which seriously limited the model applications where the flows are complex and where the turbulent parameters are explicitly needed. For the first time, this paper includes a depth-averaged turbulent k̂-ε̂ model in the SWE-SPH solver, making the model more capable of treating the turbulent flows in the practical field. For comparison purpose, a sub-particle-scale turbulent model widely adopted in three-dimensional (3D) SPH was also included in the present SWE-SPH scheme. To evaluate the performance of the two proposed turbulent SWE-SPH models, various open channel flows of increasing complexity were simulated, and the SPH computations were compared with the reported data in the literature. Through the analysis of results for a rough riverbed, L-shaped and sudden expansion channels, it is demonstrated that the present turbulent SWE-SPH models are equipped with good robustness and accuracy in capturing the shallow water turbulent dynamics, with the potential to be used in practical river and coastal flows. In summary, there are two distinct novelties in the proposed work. First, the mesh-free numerical modeling technique SPH is used to solve the shallow water equations, which enable the model to work in large engineering field through simple and effective tracking of free surfaces and wet-dry boundaries. Second, the proposed research expands the shallow water SPH modeling technique by including robust turbulence simulation capacity. The newly developed model can address more challenging engineering scenarios such as the sediment and pollutant transports when the flow turbulence plays an important role and where the turbulent parameters are explicitly required in the relevant transport equations.

Enhancing soil quality for sustainable agricultural practices in Subak rice fields

Understanding the soil quality of Subak rice fields in Bali is crucial for maintaining agricultural sustainability. This study aimed to explore aspects of soil quality, identify limiting factors, and offer guidance on sustainable land management. Utilizing survey methods, laboratory analysis, and soil quality determination, soil samples were selectively collected from each land unit (LU). LU selection was based on overlays of Subak zonation, soil type, slopes, rainfall, and elevation using Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. Key soil quality indicators were assessed, including bulk density, texture, porosity, moisture content, pH, organic carbon, cation exchange capacity, base saturation, and nutrients (N, P, K). Overall, soil quality in the study area is classified as good in all LUs, but with significant variations in Soil Quality Index (SQI) values, suggesting the need for tailored management recommendations. Limiting factors include soil texture, organic carbon content, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and biomass C. Recommended soil management practices include single plow tillage and the application of manure, urea, and SP-36 fertilizer on paddy fields. This approach aims to enhance land productivity sustainably while upholding environmental conservation and the principles of Subak, which have historically maintained a balanced and sustainable agricultural ecosystem.

Психологическая компетентность юриста как средство совершенствования взаимодействия участников правоотношений

The article is devoted to the topic of developing the psychological competence of a lawyer as a professionally important personal characteristic in the context of considering his professional success from the point of view of economic theory. The analysis of economic risks in the field of legal practice in the specific area of bankruptcy of individuals is carried out, the factors of professional success of a lawyer in the process of interaction with debtor citizens are revealed. A practical study conducted among practicing lawyers is presented, which identifies the main indicators of their psychological competence, and proves its role as a means of improving the interaction of participants in legal relationships in the process of bankruptcy of individuals. Based on the results of the diagnostic study, the conditions and opportunities for the development of psychological competence of lawyers were determined through a special psychological training program developed taking into account the current requests of lawyers practicing in the field of bankruptcy of citizens. The importance of the psychological competence of a lawyer practicing in the field of bankruptcy of citizens as a professionally important personal education is substantiated. The need for a lawyer to have highly developed competencies in the psychological field in order to build effective interaction at different levels and the presence of diverse social contacts in the performance of professional tasks is proved.

High-frequency episodic migraine: Time for its recognition as a migraine subtype?

High-frequency episodic migraine (HFEM) has gained attention in the field of headache research and clinical practice. In this narrative review, we analyzed the available literature to assess the evidence that could help decide whether HFEM may represent a distinct clinical and/or biological entity within the migraine spectrum. The output of the literature search included 61 papers that were allocated to one of the following topics: (i) socio-demographic features and burden; (ii) clinical and therapeutic aspects; (iii) pathophysiology; and (iv) classification. Multiple features differentiate subjects with HFEM from low-frequency episodic migraine and from chronic migraine: education, employment rates, quality of life, disability and psychiatric comorbidities load. Some evidence also suggests that HFEM bears a specific profile of activation of cortical and spinal pain-related pathways, possibly related to maladaptive plasticity. Subjects with HFEM bear a distinctive clinical and socio-demographic profile within the episodic migraine group, with a higher disease burden and an increased risk of transitioning to chronic migraine. Recognizing HFEM as a distinct entity is an opportunity for the better understanding of migraine and the spectrum of frequency with which it can manifest, as well as for stimulating further research and more adequate public health approaches.

Experiences of living with severe mental disorder: narratives about the personal recovery process.

The article approaches the subject of recovery, a sociopolitical movement, field of studies and practices that aims, from the experience of people living with mental disorders, to promote a more optimistic outlook of the prognosis. Aiming to understand the recovery process of people who experience severe mental disorders, qualitative research was developed, based on Gadamerian hermeneutics. We conducted in-depth interviews, in the form of life narratives, with five people who recognize themselves in the process of recovery, and are part of a mental health patient group. Based on narrative analysis, three axes were organized: recovery process facilitators and coping strategies; barriers of recovery process; and relationship with diagnosis. The discussion is based on Canguilhem's theory; in the logic of psychosocial care, and in theories about the notion of recovery. We identified important intersubjective and sociocultural resources for recovery, however, we concluded that these same elements may constitute barriers to a creative existence, as the social norm remains crossed by the stigma that accompanies mental disorders, and by hierarchical power relations.

Advanced method for recognizing and measuring key information in non-stationary signals using variational mode decomposition and CNN-LSTM-SVM algorithms.

In order to address the issue of insufficient ability to identify and measure the key information of non-stationary signals collected in practical industrial fields such as logistics transportation, state detection, and fault diagnosis, this paper proposes a method to identify and measure the key information based on variational mode decomposition (VMD), convolutional neural networks (CNNs), long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, and support vector machine (SVM). First, the non-stationary signal is reconstructed by using VMD and linear correlation decomposition. Second, the feature matrix is constructed according to the upper envelope feature, moving kurtosis, and moving root mean square. Finally, CNN-LSTM-SVM is input to identify and measure the key features. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits an outstanding performance on both synthetic and actual collected signals, with recognition accuracies of 99.17% and 99.02%, respectively.

Men’s perception and participation in maternal and child health care in the field practice area of a teaching hospital: A cross-sectional study from rural Bengal

ABSTRACT Introduction: Participation of men in maternal and child health (MCH) is crucial for the reduction of infant and maternal mortality. MCH care services have been focused on providing information and services to women, but males’ behaviour and decisions affect the health of the child and mother. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to assess the perception and participation of males in MCH care as well as, to identify the association of their perception and participation with socio-demographic characteristics and to find out the correlation between perception and participation regarding MCH care. Materials and Methods: A descriptive type of observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted among 125 male residents from selected subcentres in Budge Budge II block of South 24 Parganas. Data were collected by face-to-face interviews using a predesigned, pretested, structured schedule. Multivariable binary logistic regression was done to identify the association between dependent and independent variables (P < 0.05). The correlation between perception and participation was assessed by Spearman’s rho. Results: The mean age of the participants was 34.3 (±5.6) years with most (59.2%) between the ages of 31–40 years of age. About 24% were unaware of pregnancy registration time, and 30.4% did not know the number of minimum antenatal check-ups. In total, 20% of study participants did not accompany their partner to the Antenatal Care (ANC) clinic, 6.4% did not accompany them during delivery, and almost 33.6% did not accompany their child to the immunization session. No variables were found to be significantly associated with the dependent variables. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between perception and participation (ρ = 0.3). Conclusion: Men’s perception and participation in MCH care services were found to be reasonably good though they can be improved. Awareness raises about the importance of men’s role in supporting their partner’s health during pregnancy and postpartum, as well as the overall well-being of their children through public health campaigns, community events, and targeted educational programs.

Comparison of the effectiveness of ferrous ascorbate with ferrous sulphate in improving haemoglobin percentage among ante-natal mothers in rural field practice area of a medical college

ABSTRACT Background: Anaemia in pregnancy is defined by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as a haemoglobin concentration of less than 11 g/dl in venous blood. The prevalence of anaemia among ante-natal mothers in India is 50.3%[3]. The government of India supplies ferrous sulphate for prophylaxis and treatment of anaemia among ante-natal mothers for free through the reproductive maternal neonatal and child health + adolescent (RMNCH+A) programme. However, patient compliance is poor due to gastrointestinal disturbances (of all registered pregnancies, less than 1/3 consumed a full course of ferrous sulphate). Previous studies in different settings have shown increased compliance and higher mean haemoglobin levels with ferrous ascorbate, which is more affordable than other commercially available compounds. Objective: Hence, the current study was done to compare the effectiveness of ferrous ascorbate with ferrous sulphate in improving haemoglobin percentage among ante-natal mothers in a rural field practice area of a medical college. Methods: An interventional community-based study was conducted in the rural field practice area of Andhra Medical College. The study was done among 76 registered (registered at Rural Primary Health Centre Simhachalam) ante-natal mothers in gestational age 13–17 weeks with haemoglobin concentration of 7–10.9 g/dl (mild to moderate anaemia) after taking informed consent. The study was performed for two years. Ante-natal mothers who were registered but unavailable during the study period, with a medical history of haematological disorders, chronic cardiac and kidney diseases, known or suspected to have sensitivity to iron compounds, with known thyroid dysfunction or mental illness were excluded from the study. Results: There was a rise in haemoglobin among the entire study population, which was statistically significant (P < 0.0001). There was a higher rise in haemoglobin among the antenatal women who took ferrous ascorbate than among those who took ferrous sulphate (mean difference = 0.344 gm/dl) after 12 weeks of follow-up, which was statistically significant (P = 0.014). Conclusion: The study compared the effectiveness of ferrous ascorbate with ferrous sulphate in improving haemoglobin percentage among antenatal mothers in a medical college’s rural field practice area. There was a significant rise in haemoglobin percentage among the study group, which was on ferrous ascorbate with better compliance and fewer gastrointestinal side effects.

Swachh Bharat Mission Gramin: Uptake and challenges in rural Coimbatore

ABSTRACT Introduction: Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH)-related infectious diseases contribute to approximately 5% of the global disease burden. Despite sanitation being a human right, 673 million people worldwide had limited access to toilets. To tackle the same, Swachh Bharat Mission-Gramin (SBM-G) was launched in 2014 to facilitate the construction of over 100 million individual household latrines (IHHLs) across India. However, literature evidence on acceptance of SBM-G in Tamil Nadu, particularly in Coimbatore, is scarce. Objectives: The primary objective was to investigate the utilisation of the SBM-G scheme and its associated factors in rural Coimbatore. Materials and Methods: In 2022, a mixed-methods study incorporating quantitative (using a purpose-designed questionnaire) and qualitative (using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions) components was conducted among 60 SBM-G beneficiaries in Kovai Medical Center and Hospital Institute of Health Sciences and Research (KMCH IHSR)’s rural field practice area. Quantitative data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) v23 and qualitative data using manual thematic content analysis. Results: Before IHHL construction, 93.7% of respondents practiced open-air defecation (OAD). The issues perceived with OAD were distance (28.8%) and privacy concerns (12.5%). After SBM-G implementation, 78.3% reported using the IHHL ‘all the time’, reflecting a substantial shift in behaviour. Most respondents received financial aid within about six months (INR 8,000), often in a single instalment. The majority had constructed their IHHLs before 2015. The expenditures incurred varied significantly, with 58.3% spending extra costs ranging between INR 10,000 and 30,000. Water supply to households significantly influenced IHHL usage. Conclusion: While rural villagers appreciate the SBM-G financial assistance for IHHLs, concerns about the inadequacy of the sanctioned amount for proper piped water supply and septic tanks persist. Nonetheless, there is a clear demonstration of positive behavioural change, marked by reduced OAD and increased IHHL usage.

Enhancing Village Management and Governance Through Mobile Learning Initiatives

The Institute for Rural Advancement (INFRA), under the Ministry of Rural and Regional Development (KKDW), conducted a comprehensive outcome assessment of its mobile learning programme. This evaluation aligned with the TVET principle of practical, hands-on training, emphasizing real-world applications crucial for rural management. The study aimed to assess the programme's impact on enhancing participants' skills and knowledge in village management, including governance, financial management, and file system management. Quantitative survey was used to collect data from 219 trained participants. The results showed significant improvements in village management practices, with high effectiveness ratings across all dimensions. File management skills, demonstrated a strong acceptance of organized filing systems and improved administrative capacity. The findings also revealed notable improvements in village leadership, attributed to the programme's focus on community engagement and practical field experiences. By aligning its mobile learning programme with TVET's practical training pillar, INFRA has established itself as a leader in integrating TVET principles into rural management. This research offers valuable insights for policymakers and practitioners in designing effective rural development initiatives and enhancing village governance through targeted mobile learning programmes.

Simulation Research and Practical Application of Cutting Teeth for Drill Bits in Life-Support Holes

This study aims to achieve rapid drilling of life-support holes, regarding the optimization design of drill bits as the key, among which the simulation analysis of drill bit cutting teeth is an important technical means. Firstly, based on the rock mechanics test results in the study area combined with the corresponding logging information, the analysis and evaluation of the geological conditions in the study area were completed, a complete rock mechanics characteristic profile was established, and the drillability of the rock was calculated to be relatively good. Then, a numerical simulation of parallel cutting of rock with conical teeth was established by experimentally testing rock mechanics parameters and using the discrete element method (PFC2D). The simulation study of the drill bit cutting teeth was completed by parameter calibration, analysis of rock cutting morphology, analysis of the number of rock cutting cracks, and analysis of the specific work of rock cutting and breaking. It was determined that the optimal rock-entering angle of the drill bit cutting teeth in the Shouyang mining area is 14°. Finally, verified by field practice, the optimized drill bit has stable performance, strong cutting ability, and good wear resistance; the maximum instantaneous mechanical drilling speed reaches 58.14 m/h, and it shows a slightly worn state after continuously drilling 582 m in the stratum, meeting the requirements of one-trip drilling and hole formation for life-support holes. This research provides a scientific basis and practical techniques for the construction of life-support holes in the Shouyang mining area and under similar geological conditions. It can provide more effective emergency plans and rescue strategies for possible mine disasters in the future, which is crucial for improving the technical system of emergency rescue for mine accidents and enhancing the emergency rescue capability of surface drilling.

Does community of inquiry really matter in understanding online learning? A confirmed perspective using mixed method

AbstractHigh dropout rates in online courses, caused by potential factors such as financial issues, low motivation and poor self‐regulation among learners, pose a significant challenge to the sustainable development of online education. Therefore, continuance of online courses has become a critical topic in both the academic and practical fields. By combining the Community of Inquiry framework (CoI) with Expectation‐Confirmation Theory, this study introduces three new constructs—confirmed teaching presence (CTP), confirmed cognitive presence (CCP) and confirmed social presence (CSP)—into the research model to understand how confirmed expectations towards CoI determine online learners' course continuance intention. Utilizing a mixed‐methods approach, the study conducted quantitative analysis on 409 learner surveys using partial least squares (PLS), followed by semi‐structured interviews, which revealed the depth and breadth of the confirmed CoI expectations on learners' willingness to continue learning. Specifically, the quantitative results uncovered the differential effects of CTP, CCP and CSP on learners' course continuance intentions by elucidating the internal mechanisms. The interviews provided deeper insights by illuminating online learners' initial expectations as well as their pre‐course and post‐course expectations. The findings of the study not only provide evidence of the crucial role of confirmed expectations in shaping online learners' course continuance intention but also offer actionable recommendations for improving online course design and fostering lifelong learning. Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic Online courses have expanded in scale and attracted a large number of learners in recent years, the large base of online learners has brought tremendous and unprecedented challenges to online course development. A high dropout rate is especially considered as a severe issue for online course development. The issue of learners' continuance intention was often explored from a technological perspective and at the platform level by using Information system (IS) theories. The community of inquiry (CoI) framework was extensively utilized as a theoretical basis for understanding online learning experiences and its three elements—teaching, cognitive and social presences—have long been deemed as major antecedents that influence learners' online learning behaviours and intentions. What this paper adds This paper integrated the community of inquiry (CoI) framework with Expectation confirmation theory and proposed three new variables: confirmed teaching presence (CTP), confirmed cognitive presence (CCP) and confirmed social presence (CSP). The study reveals the internal mechanisms by which the three confirmed expectations impact online learners' courses continuance intention. This implies that different confirmed expectations may have varying effects on online learners' learning behaviour. This research collects data from multiple sources to comprehensively explore online learners' expectations and perceptions. It also sheds light on the importance of learners' actual participation in the learning process for predicting their behavioural intentions. Implications for practice and/or policy The finding that learners' confirmed expectations impact their online course continuance intention conveys an important message to course practitioners: exaggerated or false claims for the online course must be avoided to prevent students from forming unrealistic expectations. Improving online learners' course completion rate cannot be hinged upon simply and blindly fostering and extending the three presences. Instead, knowing learners' confirmed expectations of the three presences allows course practitioners to reconsider and organize the important course elements. The research reveals the distinct role that each confirmed presence plays in promoting online learners' course continuance intention and, meanwhile, expands the understanding of learners' learning needs and experiences. Practitioners could make timely and appropriate strategies based on these to better motivate course learners' engagement and retention.

Collaborative design and construction analysis of building structure and foundation of subway overlying complex

With the acceleration of urbanization, land resources are becoming more and more precious, especially in densely populated urban centers. As an efficient land use model, the subway overlying complex can not only optimize the urban spatial layout, but also promote the integration of public transportation and urban development. This paper aims to discuss the collaborative design and construction technology of the building structure and foundation of the subway overcover complex, in order to provide theoretical support and technical guidance for the practice in related fields. Based on the literature review of domestic and foreign subway overcover development projects, this paper reviews the research status and development trend in this field, and identifies the main problems in structural safety, foundation stability and construction efficiency. On this basis, the paper puts forward the design principle of the subway overcover complex, and emphasizes the key role of the synergistic relationship between the structure and the foundation to the success of the whole project. The paper further analyzes the construction technology of subway overcover complex, including specific construction technology, reasonable construction sequence and project management measures. Through comparative analysis of success and failure cases, it reveals the problems that may be encountered in the actual operation and its coping strategies.

Adaptation of Well-being Literacy Scale to Turkish: Validity and Reliability Study

The view that well-being cannot be taught directly to individuals, but rather individuals can be taught to use language to improve their well-being, has led to the concept of "well-being literacy". Recent studies in the field of positive educational practices emphasize the importance of well-being literacy, which is defined as the ability to improve the well-being of oneself and others, in the social field as well as in the field of education. This study aimed to adapt the Well-being Literacy Scale to Turkish and test its validity and reliability in adults. Also, the relationship between well-being literacy, socioeconomic status, perceived general success, and health was investigated. The study group consists of 307 adults, 210 women and 96 men. Personal Information Form, Well-being Literacy Scale, General Well-being Scale Short Form, and Subjective Socio-economic Scale were used as data collection tools. It was found that the Well-being Literacy Scale had good levels of fit index in the confirmatory factor analysis results. Within the scope of criterion validity studies, a positive and moderate relationship was found between the Well-being Literacy Scale and the General Well-being Scale Short Form (r=.413, p=.000). Within the scope of reliability analysis, a .75 test-retest coefficient and a .88 Cronbach Alpha coefficient were determined. The second stage of the study found that the socioeconomic level predicted well-being literacy, though it is very low. Also, it was found that well-being literacy predicted individuals' perceived success at a low level but did not have a significant predictive effect on perceived general health levels. It is suggested that studies to investigate the sources and outputs of well-being literacy, which has started to become an essential focus in positive education practices and social health policies, will contribute to the field. In addition, adapting measurement tools in lower age groups may be necessary to focus on these skills in educational institutions.

Programming and Setting Up the Object Detection Algorithm YOLO to Determine Feeding Activities of Beef Cattle: A Comparison between YOLOv8m and YOLOv10m.

This study highlights the importance of monitoring cattle feeding behavior using the YOLO algorithm for object detection. Videos of six Charolais bulls were recorded on a French farm, and three feeding behaviors (biting, chewing, visiting) were identified and labeled using Roboflow. YOLOv8 and YOLOv10 were compared for their performance in detecting these behaviors. YOLOv10 outperformed YOLOv8 with slightly higher precision, recall, mAP50, and mAP50-95 scores. Although both algorithms demonstrated similar overall accuracy (around 90%), YOLOv8 reached optimal training faster and exhibited less overfitting. Confusion matrices indicated similar patterns of prediction errors for both versions, but YOLOv10 showed better consistency. This study concludes that while both YOLOv8 and YOLOv10 are effective in detecting cattle feeding behaviors, YOLOv10 exhibited superior average performance, learning rate, and speed, making it more suitable for practical field applications.

Conformity or differentiation? The role of CEO turnover

This study investigates the nexus between CEO turnover and corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices using all US-listed companies as the sample. Considering each company's different fields in the CSR practice, we use conformity and differentiation to quantify the CSR practice. Our generalized difference-in-difference method shows that incoming CEOs can positively impact differentiation and negatively affect conformity. Our empirical evidence further indicates that CEO career horizon and compensation structure are the two potential mechanisms through which CEO turnover affects the CSR practice. Our results provide insightful implications for companies that wish to gain a competitive advantage via the CSR practice.

Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice regarding blood donation among the residents in the urban field practice area of Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute: a community based cross sectional study

Background: The act of donating blood is crucial for healthcare systems worldwide. Despite its significance, blood donation rates are sub-optimal in many regions, especially urban areas. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to blood donation among urban residents in Bangalore. The study also aimed to identify misconceptions, motivators and barriers for guiding public health strategies to promote blood donation. Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted in Urban field practice area of Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru from May 2024 to July 2024. Sample size was calculated according to study done by Samreen et al. Data was collected using simple-random-sampling and analysed via SPSS 26.0. Results: The study investigated knowledge, attitude, and practice of blood donation among 148 participants. Findings showed 6% having good knowledge, 92% having fair knowledge, and 1.3% having poor knowledge about blood donation. 70.9% had favourable attitude, while 29.1% had unfavourable attitude. 14.2% of participants had donated blood despite a high level of favourable attitude. Barriers identified were fear of infections (21%), fear of needles (15%), and laziness along with lack of information (27.2%), ineligibility (17.6%) and fear for health (13.2%). Conclusions: This study indicated that while the population has fair knowledge and favourable attitude towards blood donation, very less proportion have actually donated blood. The study also identified misconceptions, motivations, and barriers to donation. Targeted measures are required to improve blood donation practices.

Assessment of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among the pregnant women: a mixed-method study from field practice area of Sagar, Madhya Pradesh

Background: The World Health Organization defines vaccine hesitancy as a “delay in acceptance or refusal of safe vaccines despite availability of vaccine services”. While pregnancy does not inherently increase susceptibility to COVID-19, pregnant women face higher risks of severe illness if infected. Misconceptions during the crucial antenatal care period contribute to vaccine hesitancy. This study aimed to assess COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among pregnant women in Sagar, Madhya Pradesh. Methods: A mixed-method study was conducted using multistage random sampling. The study involved 70 unvaccinated pregnant women from the field practice area of Polyclinic Chameli Chowk and in-depth interviews with 17 key informants, including district immunization officers, vaccination officers, and health care workers. Inclusion criteria were unvaccinated pregnant women under 50 years, willing to participate, and without contraindications for COVID-19 vaccination. Data collection tools included a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire for quantitative data and a question guide for qualitative data. Results: Among the 70 unvaccinated pregnant women, 49 (70%) were primigravida, and 21 (30%) were multigravida. A significant majority, 57 (81.3%), were unemployed (housewives). Vaccine hesitancy was identified in 66 (94.2%) women, while 4 (5.7%) were resistant to vaccination. Conclusions: The study highlights the importance of communication from trusted sources, easy access to vaccines, and community engagement in addressing vaccine hesitancy among pregnant women. The findings suggest targeted interventions to reduce hesitancy and ensure timely mass immunization against COVID-19.

Death Anxiety: An Exploration of Professional Counselor Experiences.

This quantitative research study guided by Terror Management Theory (TMT) provides a theoretical framework to understand death anxiety among practicing counselors while providing support for implementing death education into counseling graduate programs. The total sample comprised 97 total practicing counselors and current counseling students who were recruited from online platforms consisting of professional memberships, listservs, private practice, and Facebook groups. This study explored the level of death anxiety in counselors (measured by the Death Anxiety Scale-Extended (DAS-E; Templer et al., 2006) and examined the relationships between religious and/or spiritual affiliation, death education exposure, and years of practice (measured by a demographic questionnaire) through an online survey that measured counselor's religious and/or spiritual affiliation, death education exposure, years of practice in the field, and their self-reported levels of death anxiety. A Pearson correlation indicated that religious and/or spiritual affiliation and death education were significantly positively associated with years of practice in the counseling field. A regression analysis revealed that death education significantly predicted death anxiety levels. The results of the study indicated that the more death education an individual had received the less likely they were to experience death anxiety. The findings of this study affirm the need for support of a death education curriculum and to encourage CACREP counseling graduate programs to promote knowledge and awareness around death in order to better prepare counseling master's students to serve clients.

On the issue of classification (division) of the subject of the claim

The article analyzes such a category as the subject of a claim, its place and role in civil proceedings. Disputes about the presence or absence of a legal relationship between the parties, about the obligations of the defendant, about the change or termination of the legal relationship are types of the subject of a claim. The authors give examples of the types and analyze the criteria for differentiating between the types of lawsuits on the subject of the claim. It is also noted that in disputes about the change and termination of a legal relationship the court realizes the exclusive powers granted by the legislator. The article puts forward two arguments about the limits of employing the types of the subject of the claim. The authors believe that there are no clear criteria for differentiating between the groups of lawsuits on the subject matter of the claim. Also, the authors find that in the practical field (in rule-making, courts) the subject of the claim is applied in general, without dividing it into groups. The subject matter of the claim, together with the existence of a dispute, affects the type of judicial proceedings. In judicial practice, there is an erroneous interpretation of the subject of the claim, which has negative consequences. The paper argues that the requirement to establish the fact of recognition of paternity should be considered in a lawsuit only within the framework of the requirement to establish paternity.