PPy Nanocomposites Research Articles

Electrodeposited honeycomb-like cobalt nanostructures on graphene oxide doped polypyrrole nanocomposite for high performance enzymeless glucose sensing

Honeycomb-like cobalt nanostructures modified graphene oxide doped polypyrrole (CoNSs/RGO/PPy) nanocomposites were successfully prepared via a simple two-step electrochemical synthesis route. Firstly graphene oxide (GO) doped PPy nanocomposite was electrodeposited onto a pretreated glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to obtain GO/PPy nanocomposite; secondly honeycomb-like cobalt nanostructures were electrochemical reduced onto GO/PPy nanocomposite surface in a cobalt chloride solution at −1.0V. During the second reduction process, GO/PPy was reduced to a more conductive RGO/PPy nanocomposite simultaneously. The electrode modified with CoNSs/RGO/PPy nanocomposites exhibited outstanding electrocatalytic performance for enzymeless glucose sensing in alkaline media. Under optimum experimental conditions, the nonenzymatic glucose sensor displayed linear ranges from 0.5μM to 2.667mM, a high sensitivity of 297.73μAmM−1cm−2, a very low detection limit of 29nM (at S/N=3) and a superfast response time of 1s. The developed glucose sensor displayed favorable selectivity against common interferents, excellent stability and high reproducibility, and it has great potential to successfully detect glucose concentration in real biological samples.

Facile synthesis of Au@PNIPAM‐b‐PPy nanocomposites with thermosensitive and photothermal effects

ABSTRACTIn this article, we reported a facile method to in‐situ synthesize Au@PNIPAM‐b‐PPy nanocomposites with thermosensitive and photothermal effects using amphiphilic poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐block‐poly(pyrrolylmethylstyrene) (PNIPAM‐b‐PPMS) diblock copolymers as ligands. The hydrophobic PPMS block can in‐situ reduce to zero‐valent gold and simultaneously be oxidatively copolymerized with the free pyrrole monomers to form a crosslinked and conjugated polypyrrole (PPy) layer. The hydrophilic PNIPAM block as a stabilizer can produce highly thermosensitive effect. Moreover, the resultant Au@PNIPAM‐b‐PPy nanomaterials show a strong absorption in the near infrared (NIR) region, which endowed the system excellent photothermal effect. On the basis of the PPy photothermal and PNIPAM thermosensitive effects, the above Au@PNIPAM‐b‐PPy nanomaterials show a reversible, soluble‐precipitate transition upon the NIR irradiation off‐on. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 3079–3085

Facile synthesis of magnetic polypyrrole composite nanofibers and their application in Cr(VI) removal

The magnetic polypyrrole (PPy) composite nanofibers are prepared in a simple one‐pot method via in situ chemical polymerization of pyrrole in the presence of methyl orange, followed by the treatment of ammonia solution. The effect of methyl orange (MO) on the morphology of the magnetic PPy nanocomposites was investigated. The composite nanofibers were used as an efficient adsorbent to remove Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. Moreover, because of the magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles in the composites, it is easy for the composites to be separated from waste water by external magnet. These composites with hierarchical structures are expected to be a potential candidate for water treatment. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:1507–1513, 2018. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers

Synergistic effect of graphene and polypyrrole to enhance the SnO2 anode performance in lithium-ion batteries

The cycling performances for hollow SnO2 microspheres, core–shell structured hollow SnO2/21 wt% PPy nanocomposites, hollow SnO2/21.5 wt% rGO nanocomposites and core–shell structured hollow SnO2/21.5 wt% rGO/16.5 wt% PPy nanocomposites.

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopic Study on Polypyrrole/Barium Titanate/Poly(acrylonitrile-co-methylacrylate) Nanoparticles

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and electrical conductivity study of synthesized barium titanate (BaTiO3)-polypyrrole (PPy) [BaTiO3-PPy], BaTiO3-Poly(tert-butyl 1-pyrrole-carboxylate (TBPy) [BaTiO3-TBPy], BaTiO3-poly(acrylonitrile-co-methylacrylate), [BaTiO3- [P(AN-co-MA)]], [BaTiO3-[P(AN-co-MA)]-PPy], and [BaTiO3-[P(AN-co-MA)]-TBPy] nanocomposites were performed for investigation of individual effects of BaTiO3, PPy, TBPy, and [P(AN-co-MA)]. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and equivalent electrical circuit modelling (ECM) were used to investigate the changes in electrical properties of nanocomposites in the presence of BaTiO3, [P(AN-co-MA)], PPy, and TBPy. The EIS data suggested that PPy nanocomposites act like capacitors and capacitance values of nanocomposites were increased with BaTiO3, and conductivity increased due to the interaction between P[AN-co-MA] and BaTiO3. Capacitance values of TBPy nanocomposites were increased with P[AN-co-MA] and BaTiO3, and BaTiO3-PPy and BaTiO3-P[AN-co-MA]-TBPy nanocomposites presented the highest capacitive behavior, and BaTiO3-P[AN-co-MA] nanocomposites had the highest conductivity. The ECM was utilized using experimental EIS spectral data, and an excellent agreement between experimental results. The increase in total Rct value was found to be dependent on the size and surface area of nanoparticles. The conductivities of the nanoparticle containing solutions indicated that conductivity results have been enhanced by the addition of BaTiO3, PPy, and TBPy. Furthermore, atomic force microscopy measurements illustrated that BaTiO3-P[AN-co-MA]-PPy nanocomposites show a good ordering of the aggregates and nodules with semi-circular shapes.

Synthesis and characterization of GaN/PEDOT–PPY nanocomposites and its photocatalytic activity and electrochemical detection of mebendazole

In this paper, a novel gallium nitride/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-co-polypyrrole (GaN/PEDOT–PPY) nanocomposite is reported. GaN nanoparticles were synthesized by using super critical ammonia method. GaN/PEDOT–PPY nanocomposite has been synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization method. UV–Visible spectroscopy, shows the π–π∗ interactions have enabled the delocalization of electrons throughout the polymer network and led to the high performance of the prepared nanocomposite. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, gives information about the functional groups. X-ray diffraction (XRD), shows XRD pattern of GaN, which exhibits hexagonal phase with reflections of 100, 002, 101, 102, 110, 103, 112 and the corresponding peaks were observed at 2θ=32.49, 34.62, 36.82, 48.15, 57.69, 19 respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) expose that there is an interaction between GaN and PEDOT–PPY. The morphological studies confirmed the formation of PEDOT–PPY nanospike on the surface of GaN nanoparticles. The synthesized composite was used as an electrochemical catalyst for the oxidation of an antihelminthic drug mebendazole, examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The GaN/PEDOT–PPY modified GCE (GaN/PEDOT–PPY/GCE) showed electrocatalytic oxidation of mebendazole in the linear range 0.33–5.63μM with the limit of detection (LOD) 2.44×10−6M. Photocatalytic degradation of cresol red (CR) was studied using GaN/PEDOT–PPY. We have utilized the prepared GaN/PEDOT–PPY nanocomposite for two different applications and found its prominent function. Such eminent performances of the prepared novel nanocomposite can open up new opportunities for developing many technological applications.

Using polypyrrole nanocomposites coated on rice husk ash for the removal of anions, heavy metals, COD from textile wastewater

In this study, a new application of polypyrrole (PPy) synthesized chemically in presence of ferric chloride as an oxidant coated on rice husk ash (RHA) by oxidative chemical polymerization method is used, ferric chloride has been found to be the chemical oxidant and water has been reported the best solvent for chemical polymerization of pyrrole. The removal of anions, heavy metals such as copper, iron and zinc and COD (chemical oxygen demand) from textile wastewater using completely mixed batch reactor (CMBR) technique is investigated when polypyrrole and its blend and nanocomposites with rice husk ash were used. Experiments were done using PPy/RHA during 30min with 5min intervals. It is observed that by increasing the time (5–20min) removal efficiency increased but, after 20min the efficiency did not increase significantly. It can be concluded that RHA in the composites does not play significant role in the anions and COD removal but the role of RHA in the removal of the metals is considerable and it causes an increase in the removal efficiency of the composites. Besides, the morphology was tested by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to characterize the surface of PPy nanocomposites at very high magnification at an accelerating voltage of 15kV, and chemical structure was tested by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) in the wavelength range of 400–4000cm−1, respectively. It was found that PPy/RHA can be used as an effective adsorbent in the removal of anions, heavy metals and COD from textile wastewater.

ZnO–CuxO/polypyrrole nanocomposite modified electrode for simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid, dopamine, and uric acid

Novel zinc oxide (ZnO) nanosheets and copper oxide (CuxO, CuO, and Cu2O) decorated polypyrrole (PPy) nanofibers (ZnO–CuxO–PPy) have been successfully fabricated for the simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA), and uric acid (UA). The morphology and structure of ZnO–CuxO–PPy nanocomposites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. Compared with the bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE), PPy/GCE, CuxO–PPy/GCE, and ZnO–PPy/GCE, ZnO–CuxO–PPy/GCE exhibits much higher electrocatalytic activities toward the oxidation of AA, DA, and UA with increasing peak currents and decreasing oxidation overpotentials. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) results show that AA, DA, and UA could be detected selectively and sensitively at ZnO–CuxO–PPy/GCE with peak-to-peak separation of 150 and 154mV for AA–DA and DA–UA, respectively. The calibration curves for AA, DA, and UA were obtained in the ranges of 0.2 to 1.0mM, 0.1 to 130.0μM, and 0.5 to 70.0μM, respectively. The lowest detection limits (signal/noise=3) were 25.0, 0.04, and 0.2μM for AA, DA, and UA, respectively. With good selectivity and sensitivity, the current method was applied to the determination of DA in injectable medicine and UA in urine samples.

Synthesis of polystyrene@(silver–polypyrrole) core/shell nanocomposite microspheres and study on their antibacterial activities

We reported the synthesis of polystyrene@(silver–polypyrrole) (PS@(Ag–PPy)) nanocomposite microspheres with the well-defined core/shell structure, in which the functionalized PS microspheres by the sulfonic acid groups were employed as template. The diameter of the synthesized PS microsphere template and AgNP was 1.26 μm and 50 nm, respectively. In order to well control the redox reaction between Ag+ and Py monomer and to avoid the accumulation of these AgNPs during synthesis process, the complexation of triethanolamine (TEA) and silver ion ([Ag(TEA)2]+) was employed as the oxidant, so that the generation rate of AgNPs was in turn decreased. Moreover, compared with the redox reaction between AgNO3 and Py, the introduction of [Ag(TEA)2]+ ions resulted in the improved coverage and distribution of AgNPs around the surface of PS microspheres. Meanwhile, the loading amount of Ag–PPy nanocomposites on the final microspheres was adjustable. The increasing concentrations of Py monomer and [Ag(TEA)2]+ ions resulted in the increase of Ag–PPy nanocomposite loading. The results of antibacterial experiment suggested that the synthesized PS@(Ag–PPy) composite microspheres showed the prominent antibacterial properties against both the Gram-negative bacteria of Escherichia coli and the Gram-positive bacteria of Staphylococcus aureus. For the bacteria with concentration at 1 × 105 – 9×105 cfu/mL, the microspheres can kill the bacteria above 3-log reduction with the concentration of PS@(Ag–PPy) composite microspheres at 50 μg/mL, in which the weight fraction of Py in the composite microspheres was above 10 wt%. When the weight fraction of Py in the composite microspheres was at 5 wt%, the 2-log reduction of in bacterial viability could also be obtained.

Novel α-Fe2O3/polypyrrole nanocomposite with enhanced photocatalytic performance

Abstract We developed a simple and mild one-step chemical method to produce novel and highly efficient α-Fe2O3/polypyrrole (PPy) photocatalysts. The formation of α-Fe2O3/PPy nanocomposites proceeds via a simultaneous gelation and polymerization process. The XRD results revealed that all the diffraction peaks can be perfectly indexed to the rhombohedral structure of α-Fe2O3 and the polymerization of Py did not change the crystalline phase of α-Fe2O3. TEM images show that Fe2O3 nanoparticles are quite uniform in shape and size and their particle sizes are decreased from 20 to 5 nm by increasing Py content from 5 to 25%. The lattice fringes (3.7 A) are distinctly visible and revealed structurally uniform crystals of α-Fe2O3 without dislocation. Compared to pure Fe2O3, the newly developed nanocatalyst demonstrated a remarkable activity toward the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) under UV irradiation, at ambient temperature. Complete degradation of MB was achieved after only 20 min in the presence of the optimum photocatalyst containing 10% Py. The effective photocatalytic performance is associated with the mesoporous structure and crystalline nature of the prepared nanocomposites. Additionally, such enhanced photocatalytic behavior was rationalized in terms of a synergetic effect for light absorption between α-Fe2O3 and PPy that eventually led to better charge separation and suppression of charge recombination. The photocatalyst could be removed from the reaction mixture and its recyclability remains effective after five cyclic runs. Proposed mechanism for the degradation of MB with the α-Fe2O3/PPy nanocatalyst under UV irradiation is also presented and thoroughly discussed.

Synthesis and characterization of polypyrrole using TiO2 nanotube@poly(sodium styrene sulfonate) as dopant and template

A polypyrrole (PPy) using TiO2 nanotube@poly(sodium styrene sulfonate) (TiO2@PSS) as dopant and template was synthesized by chemical oxidation polymerization. The template TiO2@PSS consisting of a TiO2 nanotube core and PSS on the surface was prepared by a “grafting from” approach. PPy on the layer of TiO2@PSS (TiO2@PSS/PPy) was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier‐transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), Raman spectroscopic analysis, UV‐visible (UV‐vis) spectroscopy, thermo gravimetric analysis, and electrical conductivity analysis. Results showed that TiO2@PSS/PPy was successfully fabricated. The electrical conductivity of the TiO2@PSS/PPy nanocomposites at room temperature was 11.6 S cm−1, which was higher than that of the PPy (4.2 S cm−1). This result was consistent with those based on FTIR, UV‐vis spectroscopy, and XPS analyses. The nanocomposites have nanoparticle size and controllable morphology and thus potential applications in photoelectrochemical devices, photocatalytic devices, conductive inks, electronic printing sensors, and electrodes. POLYM. COMPOS., 37:462–467, 2016. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers

A Facile One-pot Route to One-dimensional Fe3O4–Polypyrrole Nanocomposites

Abstract The fabrication of one-dimensional (1D) Fe3O4–PPy nanocomposites was successfully accomplished by using an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO)-mediated vapor deposition polymerization (VDP) method via a one-pot route. The observation of the Fe3O4–PPy nanocomposites confirmed that the morphology of the products was influenced effectively by the size of the AAO template, and the in situ formation procedure effectively prevented the aggregation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles with ca. 3 nm diameter.

Study on the Effect of Polypyrrole and Polypyrrole/Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles on the Microstructure, Electrical and Tensile Properties of Polypropylene Nanocomposites

In this article Polypropylene/Polypyrrole (PP/PPy) and Polypropylene/polypyrrole-graphene oxide (PP/PPy-GO) nanocomposites were prepared by melt mixing. PPy nanoparticles and PPy-GO nanocomposite were prepared by chemical polymerization and served as nanofillers. FTIR, XRD and SEM analysis were used for the characterization of PPy and PPy-GO composites. The effects of PPy and PPy-GO loading level on the morphology, tensile and electrical properties of PP-based nanocomposites were examined. It was found that the Young's modulus and tensile strength increased with the increase of nanofiller content. Tensile results also showed that PPy-GO composite significantly affected the mechanical properties of PP based nanocomposites compared to the PPy nanoparticles. It was observed that the addition of 1% wt. PPy-GO into PP, increased the Young's modulus about 30% compared as with pure PP. Electrical conductivity measurements showed that conductivity of PP nanocomposites increased up to 1 × 10−3 S/cm for PP/PPy-GO nanocomposites. It was also observed that PP-g-MA improved the distribution of PPy and PPy-GO nanocomposites and affected the morphology, electrical and mechanical properties of PP-based nanocomposites.

Electrochemical and in vitro bioactivity of polypyrrole/ceramic nanocomposite coatings on 316L SS bio-implants

The present investigation describes the versatile fabrication and characterization of a novel composite coating that consists of polypyrrole (PPy) and Nb2O5 nanoparticles. Integration of the two materials is achieved by electrochemical deposition on 316L stainless steel (SS) from an aqueous solution of oxalic acid containing pyrrole and Nb2O5 nanoparticles. Fourier transform infrared spectral (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies revealed that the existence of Nb2O5 nanoparticles in PPy matrix with hexagonal structure. Surface morphological analysis showed that the presence of Nb2O5 nanoparticles strongly influenced the surface nature of the nanocomposite coated 316L SS. Micro hardness results revealed the enhanced mechanical properties of PPy nanocomposite coated 316L SS due to the addition of Nb2O5 nanoparticles. The electrochemical studies were carried out using cyclic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. In order to evaluate the biocompatibility, contact angle measurements and in vitro characterization were performed in simulated body fluid (SBF) and on MG63 osteoblast cells. The results showed that the nanocomposite coatings exhibit superior biocompatibility and enhanced corrosion protection performance over 316L SS than pure PPy coatings.

A Facile One-Pot Method to Synthesize a Polypyrrole/Hemin Nanocomposite and Its Application in Biosensor, Dye Removal, and Photothermal Therapy

In this work, we introduced a facile method for the construction of a polypyrrole/hemin (PPy/hemin) nanocomposite via one-pot chemical oxidative polymerization. In this process, a hemin molecule serving as a dopant was entrapped in the PPy nanocomposite during chemical oxidative polymerization. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV-visible spectroscopy results demonstrated that the PPy/hemin nanocomposite was successfully synthesized. The as-prepared nanocomposite exhibited intrinsic peroxidase-like catalytic activities, strong adsorption properties, and an excellent near-infrared (NIR) light-induced thermal effect. We utilized the nanomaterials to catalyze the oxidation of a peroxidase substrate 3,3,5,5-tetramethylbenzidine by H2O2 to the oxidized colored product which provided a colorimetric detection of glucose. As low as 50 μM glucose could be detected with a linear range from 0.05 to 8 mM. Moreover, the obtained nanocomposite also showed excellent removal efficiency for methyl orange and rhodamine B and a photothermal effect, which implied a promising application as the pollutant adsorbent and photothermal agent. The unique nature of the PPy/hemin nanocomposite makes it very promising for the fabrication of inexpensive, high-performance bioelectronic devices in the future.

Multiwalled carbon nanotube supported polypyrrole manganese oxide composite supercapacitor electrode: Role of manganese oxide dispersion in performance evolution

We report the effect of manganese oxide (MnO2) dispersion in Polypyrrole (PPy) matrix for supercapacitor electrode. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are used as a large area conductive support to enable the dispersion at nano-scale. PPy and MnO2 nanocomposites are synthesized in two different structural forms i.e. mixed (MWCNT/PPy:MnO2) and co-axial multilayered (MWCNT/PPy/MnO2). Dispersion of MnO2 is studied from molecular level to layered nanostructure. Electrical and electrochemical investigations show that MWCNT/PPy:MnO2 is more conducting and capacitive as compared to MWCNT/PPy/MnO2. Galvanostatic charge discharge measurement shows that MWCNT/PPy:MnO2 stores high energy density (∼44 Wh/kg) compared to ∼36 Wh/kg for MWCNT/PPy/MnO2. The improved performance in mixed composite is attributed to molecular level dispersion of MnO2 which forms a percolative path between two PPy chains. Increase in PPy wt (%) leads to thick PPy layer over MWCNT in MWCNT/PPy/MnO2 structure and significantly affects the electronic conduction whereas MWCNT/PPy:MnO2 nanocomposite is capable of loading high PPy wt (%) with improved charge storage. Cyclic voltammogram of MWCNT/PPy:MnO2 at 5mV/s shows maximum capacitance ∼365 F/g at ∼70wt (%) PPy in PPy/(PPy+MnO2) while co-axial nanostructure exhibits maximum ∼270 F/g at ∼ 50wt (%) PPy. This work suggests that in situ incorporation of MnO2 in PPy matrix yields molecular level dispersion of MnO2 which leads to enhanced performance instead of using layers of PPy and MnO2 over MWCNT. Besides, this study also proposes the tuning of supercapacitor device characteristics by tailoring the electrode material composition.

WO<sub>3</sub>-Polypyrrole Nanocomposite as Catalyst in Azelaic Acid Synthesis from Oleic Acid

Catalytic oxidation of oleic acid with ozone gas by using ozone-generator and solvent free medium in the presence of WO3-Polypyrrole (ppy) nanocomposite was studied. Azelaic acid (AA) and pelargonic acids (PA) are the major reaction products, however the percentage of AA production is significantly higher than PA. Experimental results concluded that tungsten oxide and tungten oxide on polypyrrole are suitable catalysts in terms of their selectivity and activity. Reaction is done in two steps within 90 minute, showing the reasonable promotion in selectivity to AA by using WO3-ppy catalyst system compared to reaction with WO3 as catalyst. WO3-ppy nanocomposite is prepared by sonication method and characterized by FT-IR, XRD, and FESEM analysis. The products of ozonolysis are identified by GC-FID and GC-MS for measuring selectivity and reactivity as well.

Simple one-step ultrasonic synthesis of anatase titania/polypyrrole nanocomposites

In this work, hybrid nanocomposites based on anatase titania:polypyrrole (TiO2:PPy) were directly obtained from a simple, one-step, ultrasonic (UT)-assisted synthesis. The properties of these crystalline nanocomposites were compared with those of others fabricated using cold (Cold)-assisted synthesis without any UT assistance, which required a hydrothermal treatment (HT) to yield crystalline anatase titania in the nanocomposite (TiO2:PPy) at low temperature (130°C) and in a short time (3h). The SEM results demonstrated that the UT-assisted synthesis is a feasible method to obtain anatase TiO2:PPy nanocomposites with controlled morphology using low energy. The Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) bands of the crystalline nanocomposites exhibited a shift with respect to neat components, which was attributed to the strong interaction between the secondary amine groups (N–H) of PPy and the oxygen from TiO2. The acceptable absorption in the visible region (λmax=670nm) indicates that these nanocomposites are good candidates for harvesting energy in solar cells. Devices based on these nanocomposites were built to evaluate their electrical properties. An increase in the photocurrent was observed for the devices prepared with the nanocomposites from the UT-assisted synthesis.

Biocompatibility of CS–PPy nanocomposites and their application to glucose biosensor

The intrinsic properties and application potential of nanocolloids are mainly determined by size, shape, composition, and structure. In this case, a novel glucose biosensor was developed by using the chitosan–polypyrrole (CS–PPy) nanocomposites as special modified materials that coating onto the surface of glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The CS–PPy nanocomposites were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Moreover, the interaction of CS–PPy nanocomposites with glucose oxidase (GOD) was also investigated by the combined studies with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and circular dichroism spectroscopy (CD). Due to the conductivity of polypyrrole (PPy), good biocompatibility of CS, and advantages of nanoparticles, CS–PPy nanocomposites were chosen and designed to modify the GCE for the retention of GOD's biological activity and the vantage of electron transfer between GOD and electrodes. The GOD biosensor exhibited a fast amperometric response (5s) to glucose, a good linear current–time relation over a wide range of glucose concentrations from 5.00×10−4 to 1.47×10−1M, and a low detection limit of 1.55×10−5M. The GOD biosensor modified with CS–PPy nanocomposites will have essential meaning and practical application in future that attributed to the simple method of fabrication and good performance.

Graphene oxide/polypyrrole nanocomposites: one-step electrochemical doping, coating and synergistic effect for energy storage

We introduce a facile method for the construction of graphene oxide/polypyrrole (GO/PPy) nanocomposites via one–step coelectrodeposition. In this process, the relatively large anionic GO serves as a weak electrolyte and is entrapped in the PPy nanocomposites during the electropolymerization of pyrrole, and also acts as an effective charge-balancing dopant within the PPy film. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results demonstrate that the GO/PPy nanocomposites are successfully synthesized. The obtained GO/PPy nanocomposites exhibit good electrochemical properties and cycling performance, indicating a synergistic effect of PPy and GO. Taking its higher capacitance, lower cost and shorter processing time into consideration, GO may be a good choice for the fabrication of electrochemical supercapacitors based on conducting polymer nanocomposites. It should be noted that this coelectrodeposition is also applicable for the graphene oxide/poly[3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene] (GO/PEDOT) nanocomposites. Moreover, this facile and effective approach for the synthesis of GO/conducting polymer nanocomposites further extends the application of GO and should be very promising for the fabrication of inexpensive, high-performance electrochemical supercapacitors.