Ppm Ethephon Research Articles

Effect of different packaging materials on banana ripening and shelf-life in Dang, Nepal

This research was conducted to evaluate the effect of different packaging materials on the shelf life and banana quality (cv G9) at the laboratory, Campus of Live Sciences, Tulsipur, Dang, Nepal. The different packaging materials were used as high-density non-perforated polyethylene bags, low-density non-perforated polyethylene bags, low-density perforated polyethylene bags, fiber bags, jute bags, paddy straw with cardboard, and a control treatment (in open trays). The research was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The bananas were packed in different packaging materials after being treated with a 250 ppm ethephon solution. Parameters such as peel color, physiological weight loss, pulp-to-peel ratio, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), and Benedict test were assessed at two-day interval. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed highly significant differences for all the recorded parameters except TA. Unpackaged fruits lost 22.92% of their weight, while fruits packed in high-density non-perforated polythene (HDNP) and low-density non-perforated polythene (LDNP) bags lost 13.27% and 6.15%, respectively. Peel colour development from green mature to yellow was observed first in bananas packed in low-density perforated polyethylene (LDPP) bags followed by open trays, jute bags, and paddy straws. The lowest pulp-to-peel ratio was observed in HDNP and LDNP bags. It can be concluded that packaging bananas in high-density and low-density non-perforated polyethylene bags resulted in longer shelf life. The sweetness, aroma, and mouthfeel of bananas in jute bags, fiber bags, and paddy straws were highly accepted. Thus, LDPP bags were found effective in early ripening and uniform yellow colour development on bananas.

Preharvest application of ethephon improved growth, maturity and quality of banana

Poor yield, non-uniform ripening, and delay in maturity are some serious issues faced by commercial banana growers in the country. This research was conducted in a commercial banana orchard of Chitwan from December 2021 to April 2022 in order to study the effect of different doses of ethephon on growth, maturity, and quality of banana. Five different doses of ethephon (200, 400, 600, 800, 1000 ppm) were sprayed on a banana bunch at 15th days after shooting which were compared with the control (no ethephon treatment) in RCBD design. The maturity of the bunch was significantly hastened at a higher concentration of ethephon (above 600 ppm). Fruit length and fruit weight were also observed higher at 600 ppm (10.21 cm and 62.68 g) and 800 ppm (10.67 cm and 63.26 g) ethephon spray. The bunch treated with 600 ppm ethephon had the highest TSS (10.78oB and 23.27oB at 0 and 5 days of storage, respectively) and PPR (1.65). Considering quantitative and qualitative parameters, preharvest ethephon spray @600 ppm significantly improved growth, maturity, and quality of banana fruits.

Exogenous Application Effects of Ethephon on Olive Oil Quality

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of five different ethephon concentrations (0, 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000ppm) on olive oil sensory attributes (quality) after one and two weeks of fruits harvesting. Olive fruits Harvested two weeks after 4000 ppm of ethephon application significantly increased free fatty acid and peroxide value of olive oil contents and decreased sensory attributes (fruitiness bitterness, and pungency), indicating a high impact on reducing oil quality. While olive fruits harvested one week after 4000 ppm ethephon application did not affect the olive oil quality traits. In conclusion, 4000ppm ethephon application led to efficient olive fruits harvest without affecting the olive oil quality, when olive fruits harvested after one week.

Postharvest Losses of NOR Tomato Fruit Line MA 131-6-3 Treated by Ethephon and Calcium Carbide

Ethephon and calcium carbide are artificial ripening compounds that are often used to faster fruit ripening during postharvest. These two compounds were induced in non-ripening (NOR) tomato fruit line MA 131-6-3 because it produced endogenous ethylene and lower respiration. This study aimed to determine the effect of ethephon and calcium carbide on postharvest losses of NOR tomatoes for 14 and 28 days after treatment. Exogenous application of 1,500 ppm ethephon and 15 g kg-1 was given to NOR tomato fruit of line MA 131-6-3 and ambient conditions at temperature 28.08±1.80 °C and relative humidity 75.67±2.09%. This experiment was carried out in Sidoarum village, Godean district, Sleman regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta province, Indonesia, in 125 m above sea level. As a result, ethephon can increase fruit rotting. Furthermore, calcium carbide can accelerate metabolism which has an impact on physiological loss in weight, changing color to yellowish (b*), increasing vivid color (chroma), but the color of tomato fruit cannot turn red.
 Keywords: fruit ripening, fruit quality, postharvest, total soluble solids, total titratable acidity

Effect of Ethephon on Ripening and Postharvest Quality of Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum) During Storage

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of ethephon (2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid) on ripening and postharvest quality of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Four concentrations of ethephon viz. 250, 500, 750 and 1000 ppm were applied in the experiment for ripening of tomato under ambient conditions (22±2oC & 80±5% RH) with a control (0 ppm ethephon) in two consecutive years 2012 - 2013. The tomato fruits of ‘Udayan’ variety at breaker stage were harvested from the farmers’. The treated fruits were assessed for ripening percentage and biochemical properties such as total soluble solids (TSS) (%), titratable acidity (%), ascorbic acid content (mg/100g) and total carotenoids (mg/100g). The observations were recorded at 3, 6, 9 and 12 days after storage. The maximum TSS and total carotenoids were found in tomato treated with ethephon concentration @750 - 1000 ppm after 6 days of storage. From the experiment, it was found that ethephon can be applied @750 – 1000 ppm in breaker stage of tomato for uniform ripening within 6 days of storage at ambient temperature. The applied ethephon was estimated as 0.18 - 0.88 ppm at edible stage (6 days of storage), which was lower than the maximum residue limit (MRL) (2 ppm of ethephon) and safe for human consumption.
 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 45(3): 303-314, September 2020

Comparison of pigments and some physicochemical properties of banana as affected by ethephon and acetylene induced ripening

The study evaluates effects of selected two types of induced ripening agents; ethephon and acetylene on biochemical parameters of banana (Musa acuminata, AAB). Bananas at fully green stage were treated with 1000 ppm ethephon and 1000 ppm acetylene. A series of biochemical parameters including vitamin C, tannin, pectin and pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids) were analyzed. It is revealed that fruit firmness, total sugar and vitamin C are greatly affected by ethephon and acetylene treatments whereas ethephon causes nearly 50% loss of vitamin C at eat ripe stage (Stage 6). Out of the parameters tested peel colour, pulp to peel ratio, moisture content in peel, titratable acidity (TA) % and total starch in flesh were not significantly (p > 0.05) affected by the treatments. Acetylene treatment caused significantly (p > 0.05) low level of moisture content in flesh, high level of tannin and pectin at stage 6. Treated banana contained high levels of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b whereas significantly low levels of total carotenoids were detected in both peel and flesh in treated banana.

Influencing Stock Production of Mojave Sage and Cape Daisy with the Application of Plant Growth Regulators

This study aimed to assess the effects of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on stock plant production of mojave sage (Salvia pachyphylla) and ‘Avalanche’ cape daisy (Osteospermum hybrid) that received foliar sprays of the following three PGRs: 200 and 400 ppm ethephon; 250 and 500 ppm benzyladenine; and 50 and 100 ppm gibberellic acid 4 and 7 (GA4+7) plus benzyladenine. Vegetative growth [height and width growth index (GI)], the number of vegetative cuttings, and fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) of the harvested vegetative cuttings data were collected. A propagation study was conducted concurrently to determine the effects of the PGR treatments on rooting vegetative cuttings. GA4+7 plus benzyladenine (50 and 100 ppm) increased the production of both mojave sage and ‘Avalanche’ cape daisy cuttings by ≥18% more than the other treatments. The GI, FW, and DW results showed similar trends across experiments 1 and 2 for each perennial. In the propagation study, the rooting percentage did not differ after 4 weeks, indicating that the use of GA4+7 plus benzyladenine in production protocols could benefit producers of both perennials.

Ethephon Reduces Lodging and Enhances Seed Yield and Quality in Onion

Onion is an important vegetable crop grown in almost all parts of the World as a flavouring agent in food preparation. It is propagated by seeds and the seed crop is affected by several fungal, viral and bacterial diseases which cause lodging and reduces the seed yield and quality. Onion seed crop was sprayed with different concentration of ethephon (0, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 ppm) for two duration at 45 or 45+60 days after planting during (DAP) during 2018-19 and 2019-20 rabi seasons. The effect of ethephon on seed yield and seed quality was studied. In comparison to control ethephon application significantly reduced scape length and % lodging by 38.73% and 42.52% respectively. There was 31.90% and 89% enhancement in scape diameter and yield respectively. Ethephon spray also enhanced seed quality, highest germination and seed vigour was recorded in plants sprayed with 600 ppm ethephon at 45 and 60 DAP which was 19% and 51.65% higher than control. Highest seedling dry weight was observed in plants sprayed with 100 ppm ethephon at 45 DAP. Among the treatments, 100 and 200 ppm ethephon applied at 45 DAP had lower lodging and higher seed yield and seed quality. Hence spraying of onion seed crop with 100 ppm ethephon at 45 DAP is beneficial for getting higher seed yield and quality.

Total phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant activity following simulated gastro-intestinal digestion and dialysis of banana (Musa acuminata, AAB) as affected by induced ripening agents

The present study was conducted to evaluate effect of ethephon and acetylene treatments on phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant activity of banana flesh and their bioaccessibility. Total phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP) were measured at different phases of simulated gastrointestinal digestion of banana treated with 1000 ppm ethephon and 1000 ppm acetylene against natural ripening. The results revealed that inducing ripening lowers the content of phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant activity considerably in the fresh fruit. Bioavailability of phenolics, flavonoids and FRAP activity were increased significantly (p < 0.05) after gastric digestion regardless of the treatment. The release of polyphenols and flavonoids during gastric digestion in treated banana was more significant than in naturally ripened banana. Recovery of polyphenols after dialysis was significantly high in naturally ripened banana. Dialyzable flavonoids, DPPH and ABTS activities of dialyzed fractions were not significantly affected by ethephon or acetylene treatments.

A rapid and simple method for the determination of ethephon residue in agricultural products by GC with headspace sampling

Ethephon quickly decomposes to ethylene under alkaline and high temperature conditions. In this research, we developed a rapid and simple method suitable for routine analysis of ethephon residues in agricultural products using gas chromatography (GC) equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID). This method was based upon the headspace sampling and determined the ethylene formed. Average recoveries from apples, tomatoes, grapes, kiwifruits and sugarcane, which were spiked with 1~3 ppm ethephon, were in the range of 88.3~98.6% and the coefficient of variation were ranged of 2.2~7.5%. The detection limit was 0.1 ppm.

Increasing Stock Production of Two Herbaceous Perennials with the Application of Plant Growth Regulators

The objective of these experiments was to evaluate the reaction of ‘Snow Angel’ coral bells (Heuchera sanguinea) and Orange Carpet hummingbird trumpet (Epilobium canum ssp. garrettii ‘PWWG01S’) to repeated foliar applications of three plant growth regulators at two application rates. The plant growth regulators applied during a stock plant study and followed by a propagation study were 200 and 400 ppm ethephon, 250 and 500 ppm benzyladenine, and 50 and 100 ppm gibberellic acid 4 and 7 (GA4+7) + benzyladenine. The stock plant study was conducted to assess the efficacy of plant growth regulators, vegetative growth (height and width growth index), the number of vegetative cuttings, as well as the fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) of the harvested vegetative cuttings. The propagation study was conducted to determine the effects of the plant growth regulator treatments on the rooting of the vegetative cuttings. The stock plant study showed that GA4+7 + benzyladenine (50 and 100 ppm) significantly increased production of ‘Snow Angel’ coral bells cuttings compared with all other treatments. However, no significant differences in FW or DW were observed with ‘Snow Angel’ coral bells between treatments. In the propagation study, no significant difference in rooting percentage was observed after 4 weeks. The Orange Carpet hummingbird trumpet stock plant study resulted in a greater number of vegetative cuttings with GA4+7 + benzyladenine (50 and 100 ppm) and benzyladenine (250 ppm) treatments. Fresh weight of vegetative cuttings harvested from plants treated with GA4+7 + benzyladenine (50 or 100 ppm) were the lowest. The only treatment that showed increased vegetative cutting production with no effect on FW was benzyladenine (250 ppm) on Orange Carpet hummingbird trumpet.

Saksıda sümbül (Hyacinthus orientalis cv. ‘Jan Bos’) yetiştiriciliği üzerine bir araştırma

In this study, effect of ethephon which is a plant growth retardant as soil drench on plant height of Hyacinthus orientalis cv. ‘Jan Bos’ grown in pots was investigated. Ethephon substrate drenches, 150 ml/pot, consisted of 0, 250 and 500 ppm applied when shoots were 7-10 cm. Effect of ethephon on the flowering time, flower width and lenght, flower life, plant height, leaf length and chlorophyll content of leaves were determined. Plants were placed to the laboratuary (20 °C) at the sales stage (when 50% of flowers on the stem opened) to determine changes occur on the plant height. The shortest plant height was 8.17 cm obtained from the 500 ppm ethephon treatment and was 35% shorter than control. Concenration of 250 ppm ethephon resulted in 8.8 cm plant height and was 29% shorter than untreated control. Ethephon applications also reduced leaf lenght and had no effect on the flower life. Ethephon treatments increased the leaf relative chlorophyll content. The highest chlorophyll content was 80.92 CCI and obtained with 500 ppm ethephon application, while that of controls was around 51.49 CCI. The effects of etephon on plant height were similar and continued under postharvest conditions in which the shortest plant height (12.5 cm) was obtained with 500 ppm ethephon treatment.

Effect of Ethephon on ripening and postharvest quality of mango

The experiment was conducted at the laboratory of Postharvest Technology Division, BARI to evaluate the effect of postharvest application of 6 concentrations (0, 250, 500, 750, 1000 &amp; 10000 ppm) of ethephon on ripening and postharvest qualityof mango (cv. Langra) fruits harvested at mature green stage on 3rdweek of June in 2011 and 2012. The treated fruits were assessed for physiological changes such as ripening %, weight loss (%), biochemical aspects such as TSS (0Brix), titratable acidity (%), reducing sugar (%), total sugar (%), ascorbic acid content (mg/100g), total carotenoids (μg/100g), carbon di oxide production (ml/g fruit) and residual level of the applied ethephon during storage period. The observations were recorded at 2 days interval during 6 days storage at ambient condition (23±2°C with 80±5% RH). Complete yellow color (full ripe) was developed on the fruits treated with 500-1000 ppm ethephon at 4 days of storage while yellowish green and greenish yellow color was developed on 250 ppm treated and control fruits, respectively, and 10000 ppm ethephon treated fruits overripened at this period. At 6 days of storage, 250 ppm ethephon treated fruits got ripen and 500-1000 ppm ethephon treated fruits overripened whereas 10000 ppm treated fruits got rotten and control one was still unripe. Irrespective of ethephon treatments, weight loss of fruits, TSS, reducing sugar, total sugar, carbon di oxide production and total carotenoid showed increasing trends upto 6 days whereas titratable acidity, ascorbic acid and residue level of ethephon showed decreasing trends in both years. At 4 days of storage, 750-1000 ppm ethephon dipped fruits induced uniform attractive yellow color while untreated control fruits remained yellowish greenish (unripe) even after 6 days of storage. At 6 days of storage TSS, reducing sugar, toatal sugar, ascorbic acid and total carotenoid content were found maximum in 750-1000 ppm treated fruits compared to 250-500 ppm treated fruits. The residue level of ethephon in mango fruits treated with ethephon concentrations (250-1000 ppm) at 6 days of storage was found below 2 ppm (0.1 1ppm-0.54 ppm), which is safe for human consumption. Therefore, mangoes ripened by using ethephon @ 750-1000 ppm can be consumed safely without any health risk.&#x0D; Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 44(3): 453-467, September 2019

Comparative Study on Aroma Volatiles, Organic Acids, and Sugars of Ambul Banana (Musa acuminata, AAB) Treated with Induced Ripening Agents

The present study was conducted to investigate effect of induced ripening agents on aroma profile, organic acids and sugars of Ambul banana (Musa acuminata, AAB). Mature green bananas that are in same maturity stage were subjected to 1000 ppm ethephon and 1000 ppm acetylene and kept at 20°C, 80–85% RH for ripening. Aroma profile was analyzed by SPME-GC-MS, while organic acids and sugars were tested by HPLC. Naturally ripened banana was found to be more aromatic than acetylene- and ethephon-treated banana having highest number of volatile compounds (27) and high level of esters (65%). Malic acid, citric acid, and oxalic acids were significantly low in treated bananas compared to naturally ripened bananas. Glucose and fructose, which are major types of sugars in ripe banana flesh, were significantly low in acetylene-treated banana, while sucrose was not detected in both ethephon- and acetylene-treated samples at fully yellow stage. Although ethephon and acetylene trigger the ripening process, they lead to poor aroma profile and lower levels of organic acids and sugars in flesh of banana.

Effect Of Ethephon Doses On Vegetative Characters, Sex Expression and Yield Of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus cv. Bhaktapur Local) In Resunga Municipality, Gulmi, Nepal

A study on the effect of ethephon doses on vegetative characters, sex expression and yield of cucumber (Cucumis sativus cv. Bhaktapur Local) was conducted in Gulmi, Nepal during 21st April to 24th August 2017. The experiment was laid in single factor Randomized complete Block Design (RCBD) with 4 replication and 5 treatments. Four different doses of ethephon 100, 200, 300 &amp; 400 ppm with control were applied. Two sprays of ethephon was made one at two true leaf stage and other at four true leaf stage. Ethephon was found to reduce the plant height compared to control, minimum (238.8 cm) with 400 ppm and maximum (310.4 cm) with the control. The number of nodes and branches per plant were found to be highest with 300 ppm. Ethephon was found to shift first male flowers and female flowers towards upper and lower nodes respectively. The plot treated with 300 ppm ethephon, bearing 20.31 female flowers per plant was found superior to other doses for increasing total female flowers. Maximum and minimum number of male flowers per plant was recorded with control(107 per plant) and 400 ppm (46.90 per plant) respectively. Similarly, 300 ppm of ethephon was found superior for reducing (male: female) sex ratio. Maximum yield 27.51 t/ha was recorded with 300 ppm and minimum yield of 17.48 t/ha with the control. 57% increment in the yield was observed with 300 ppm ethephon as compared to the control. Thus, proper use of ethephon is found to be beneficial to farmers.&#x0D; Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 7(3): 370-377&#x0D;

Mimosine accumulation in Leucaena leucocephala in response to stress signaling molecules and acute UV exposure

Mimosine is a non-protein amino acid of Fabaceae, such as Leucaena spp. and Mimosa spp. Several relevant biological activities have been described for this molecule, including cell cycle blocker, anticancer, antifungal, antimicrobial, herbivore deterrent and allelopathic activities, raising increased economic interest in its production. In addition, information on mimosine dynamics in planta remains limited. In order to address this topic and propose strategies to increase mimosine production aiming at economic uses, the effects of several stress-related elicitors of secondary metabolism and UV acute exposure were examined on mimosine accumulation in growth room-cultivated seedlings of Leucaena leucocephala spp. glabrata. Mimosine concentration was not significantly affected by 10 ppm salicylic acid (SA) treatment, but increased in roots and shoots of seedlings treated with 84 ppm jasmonic acid (JA) and 10 ppm Ethephon (an ethylene-releasing compound), and in shoots treated with UV-C radiation. Quantification of mimosine amidohydrolase (mimosinase) gene expression showed that ethephon yielded variable effect over time, whereas JA and UV-C did not show significant impact. Considering the strong induction of mimosine accumulation by acute UV-C exposure, additional in situ ROS localization, as well as in vitro antioxidant assays were performed, suggesting that, akin to several secondary metabolites, mimosine may be involved in general oxidative stress modulation, acting as a hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion quencher.

Effect of ethylene and temperature on physiological and biochemical changes during fruit drop of longkong postharvest

Longkong (Aglaia dookoo Griff.) is a popular tropical fruit that currently experiences around 99.37% domestic consumer demand. The main problem in terms of export is that longkong fruit drops from its bunch after harvesting. Therefore the objective of this research is to study the development of fruit drop in longkong bunches being harvested and stored at room temperature. Weight loss, fruit drop and polygalacturonase (PG) activity increased rapidly during storage time; while firmness, respiration rate and ethylene of longkong fruit bunches decreased after storage at room temperature. Activity of the enzymes pectinesterase (PE), cellulase (Cx) and peroxidase (POD) of longkong fruit slightly increased up to six days and then decreased until the end of storage. The effect of ethylene (at the concentration of 0, 200 and 400 ppm) on physiological and biochemical changes during fruit drop of longkong postharvest was evaluated. Dipping longkong in 200 and 400 ppm ethephon rapidly increased fruit abscission and respiration rate. The untreated fruit showed increased ethylene production and activity of enzymes PG, PE and Cx, and weight loss was delayed longer than longkong dipped in 200 and 400 ppm ethephon. Firmness and POD were not significantly different between the fruit treated with ethephon and those untreated. Effects of temperature (at 13 and 25°C) on physiological and biochemical change during fruit drop of harvested longkong bunches was also evaluated. The results indicate that storage at 13°C delayed the weight loss, fruit drop, firmness, respiration rate, ethylene production and activity of enzymes pectinesterase (PE), cellulase (Cx) and peroxidase (POD).

Perlakuan Pematangan Buatan pada Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) Varietas IPB 9 untuk Perbaikan Sistem Distribusi

Papayas as a climacteric fruit are commontly harvested and distributed in an unripe state with various of maturities. Ripening is required before papaya ready for consumption. The objectives of this research were to analyze the response of artificial ripening treatment for papaya in order to perform the best marketing schedule. This study was started by harvesting, sorting, cleaning, hot water treatment, and transportation simulation similar to 90.44 km, storage in refrigerator at 15 °C, artificial ripening treatment and storage at room temperature. Physical quality parameters measured consisted of weight loss, color, firmness, and total soluble solid. Artifial ripening using ethephon will accelerate the maturation of papaya. Papaya with maturity level of 60% (yellow tinge) that stored at 15 °C for 7 days was found still not ready to be consumed as a table fruit, and it was still necessary to artificially ripening process. Artificial ripening using ethephon of 250 and 750 ppm did not significantly affect the fruit color, hardness, and total soluble solids. This papaya could be consumed after 2 days of ripening and reached the optimum conditions for consumption after 4 days, with a possibility of shelf life for 6 days at room temperature. The best artificial ripening treatment for papaya that had been stored 14 days at 15 °C was by using 250 ppm of ethephon. The use of 250 ppm ethephon would make the best visually and smoothly yellow color of papaya’s peel surface.

Influence of different levels of Ethephon on the growth and flowering of Euphorbia pulcherrima var. 'Freedom Red'.

This study was carried out at the experimental farm of Horticultural Department, Faculty of Agriculture., Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt, during the two successive seasons of 2014/2015 and 2015/2016. The effect of ethephon at different the rate on Euphorbia pulcherrima var. 'Freedom Red' plants was studied to dwarf their height aiming to produce more compact potted plants. The maximum dwarfing was obtained with ethephon at 1000 ppm, which recorded average height of 22.95 and 23.95 cm/plants for November and December periods, respectively. Furthermore, applying plants with the same ethephon level gave the highest the number of branches, followed by 500 ppm ethephon compared to the other concentrations or the untreated plants (control). The maximum leaves the number was obtained with ethephon treatment of 500 ppm. All concentrations of ethephon delayed the first bract color timing, whereas ethephon treatments at 1000 ppm increased the number of days until the first bract coloring more than other treatments of 300 or 500 ppm and the control. The biggest bracts canopy was observed in the control plants, since it recorded 57.61 cm/canopy. On the other hand, the higher level of ethephon (1000 ppm) led to the lowest bracts canopy.

Influence of foliar spray of growth regulators on flowering traits of rose geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L ’Herit. ex Aiton)

The present study was conducted during 2014–2016 to study the effect of foliar application of growth regulators on flowering traits of rose geranium cv. CIM Pawan. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The different growth regulators used were CCC (500 ppm, 1000 ppm, 1500 ppm) ethephon (300 ppm, 600 ppm, 900 ppm) and GA3 (100 ppm, 200 ppm, 300 ppm). Pooled data of two years revealed that flowering characteristics, like diameter of inflorescence (4.8 cm) and length of inflorescence stalk (6.97 cm), were shown maximum with the treatment GA3 at 300 ppm. The maximum number of inflorescence per plant (2.99) was observed with the treatment ethephon at 900 ppm wherease maximum duration of flowering (9.90 days) was observed with treatment CCC at 1500 ppm. On the basis of present studies, it could be concluded that under prevalent climatic conditions of Uttarakhand Tarai region, application of GA3 at 300 ppm is the best in terms of increasing inflorescence diameter and length of inflorescence stalk and ethephon 900 ppm for increasing number of inflorescence in rose geranium. Due to high cost of import, the geranium oil generates a higher price in the international market. Therefore, the crop has a wide scope for cultivation under Indian conditions and can prove beneficial to the farmers.