Powerful Others Locus Of Control Research Articles

Locus of Control as Determinants of Online - Dating Behaviour Among Graduates in Kwara – State

This study investigated locus of control as a determinant of online dating among university students in Kwara State. A descriptive survey design with a correlational approach was adopted. The study's respondents were 380 university students from four universities in Kwara State. Instruments for data collection were the Online Dating Behaviour Scale adapted from the Tinsel (2019) Survey and the locus of control scale adapted from Rotter (1966). Three null hypotheses were generated and tested at .05 alpha levels. Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used. Result showed a significant relationship between online dating and internal locus of control of university students in Kwara State (r. calculated = 0.41, df = 378 and p < 0.05); a significant relationship between online dating and powerful others locus of control of university students in Kwara State (r. calculated = -0.62, df = 378 and p < 0.05); a significant relationship between online dating and chance locus of control of university students in Kwara State (r. calculated = -0.26, df = 378 and p < 0.05). Recommendations based on the findings of the study were proffered.

Factors associated with self-neglect from a salutogenic perspective among community-dwelling older adults: A cross-sectional correlational study

ObjectivesTo identify the associated factors of self-neglect in older adults from a salutogenic perspective. MethodsA cross-sectional correlational study was conducted in two communities in Beijing with 486 older adults recruited from April to December 2022. Data were collected by a set of questionnaires. ResultsSense of coherence (β=-0.138), socio-demographic generalized resistance resources (GRRs) (smoking: β=0.156), social GRRs (living alone: β=0.093), psychological GRRs (self-esteem: β=-0.126), and motivational GRRs (powerful others locus of control: β=-0.199, chance locus of control: β=0.119) were all associated with self-neglect among older adults (p<0.05). ConclusionsSense of coherence and GRRs are vital to improve self-neglect in older adults. It is suggested to increase the level of self-esteem and the tendency of the health locus of control to largely facilitate self-neglect management in older adults.

Do demographic and obstetric characteristics affect fetal health locus of control among high-risk pregnancies? A Turkish sample

Objectives Fetal health locus of control has been indicated to effect how mothers approach their health beliefs and health-related decisions. The purpose of this study was to determine the fetal health locus of control (FHLC) level in high-risk pregnancies and to evaluate the factors affecting FHLC in high-risk pregnancies. Materials and methods The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with highrisk pregnant women. A total of 221 participants were included. Results and Discussion It was shown that The Internality Locus of Control was low and The Chance-Based Locus of Control was high in high-risk pregnant women. The current age of women and the age of their first pregnancy had a positively relationship with Powerful Others Locus of Control (FHLC-P). Although FHLC scores of multigravidas were higher than primiparous, no significant difference was found. Besides, there was a significantly higher FHLC-C score in women who did not change their exercise habits during pregnancy (p=0.008). Although the FHLC-I score was higher in women, who made changes in nutrition habits, it was determined that it was not significant. Conclusion The results of fetal health locus of control in high-risk pregnancies will lead to women who have high-risk pregnancies taking responsibility for adapting to the treatment process, taking into account the controls and making lifestyle changes, rather than leaving the situation to fate. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 23 No. 02 April’24 Page : 438-446

Age as a moderator in the interplay between locus of control, coping, and quality of life of chronic pain sufferers.

Identifying the factors that determine the quality of life of patients with chronic pain is an integral part of developing interventions to reduce the negative impact of persistent pain. Locus of control (LoC) may play an important role in adaptation to prolonged pain, but the results of studies are inconsistent. We examined the link between pain LoC and quality of life. Moreover, we investigated whether the relationship between LoC and quality of life is mediated by passive and active coping, and whether age moderates the LoC-coping relationship. The study was cross-sectional and variables (internal, chance and powerful-others LoC, pain-coping strategies, average pain intensity, quality of life) were assessed via questionnaires in a sample of 594 individuals (67% females) with chronic pain, aged 18-72 (mean: 36). Mediation and moderated mediation analyses were conducted. Internal and external LoC were associated, respectively, with better and with worse quality of life. Passive coping mediated the association between the powerful-others dimension of LoC and poor quality of life. Additionally, indirect effects of internal LoC on quality of life via passive and active coping were found. The relationship between the powerful-others dimension of LoC and coping was stronger for middle-aged and older individuals than for younger individuals. This study contributes to a better understanding of the mechanisms linking LoC with quality of life of patients with chronic pain. Depending on the age, control beliefs may differently translate into strategies used to cope with pain, and thus into quality of life.

Self-efficacy and its association with locus of control in diabetes in Turkey

Objective: This descriptive-relational study was conducted to determine self-efficacy levels of individuals with type 2 diabetes, relationship between these levels both some sociodemographic characteristics and health locus of control. &#x0D; &#x0D; Methods: The sample of this study was occurred 325 patients with diabetes who applied to the health care center constituted. Data were collected via ‘Questionnaire Form’, ‘Self-efficacy in Diabetes Scale’ and ‘Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale’. &#x0D; &#x0D; Results: The average age of participants was 53.3±8 years, 51.4% of participants were women. It was found that the diagnosis time 8.7±7.2 years, the level of HbA1c was 8.2±1.1. In the sub dimensions of Diabetes Self-efficacy Scale, the patients got points as follows; sub dimension of Diet+Foot Control 39,4±12,5, sub dimension of Medical Treatment 22,6±3,1, sub dimension of Physical Exercise 9,0±4,5. It was determined that in Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale, the patients got the highest points from the sub dimension of Powerful Others Locus of Control. A positive and weak level relation was determined between self-efficacy both total and subdimensions grades dimensions of health locus of control scale (p

Locus of control, knowledge, attitude and practice for contraception among adolescents.

to assess the relation of the locus of control with the adolescents' knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP). this is a cross-sectional study with 1,192 high school students. Data were collected using the KAP questionnaire and the Levenson locus of control scale and analyzed by descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis H test. Women presented higher Externality Powerful Others locus of control than man (p=0.0015) and adolescents over 17, higher Externality Chance locus of control (p=<0.0001). Students who used contraceptive methods at the first contraceptive method had higher Externality Powerful Others (p=0.0107) and those who used coitus interruptus, had higher Externality Chance (p=0.0013). Internality was inversely proportional to the practice in relation to the dimensions of the locus of control. The dimensions of the locus of control were related to some contraceptive practices, but little or no relation to knowledge and attitude.

The Effect of Religious Belief on the Attitudes of Pregnant's Toward the Fetal Health.

The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of religious beliefs on the attitudes of pregnant women toward the health of the fetus. Pregnancy, one of the important periods of life, is a special period in terms of affecting both the mother's and the baby's health. Health beliefs and attitudes are the factors that have effects on mother-baby death rates (mortality)-which is one of the most important criteria showing health level of societies. However, the literature has limited number of studies on this issue. Volunteer participants who applied to the Gynecology and Obstetrics Polyclinic were administered a questionnaire in order to identify the frequency of performing worship practices. Women's beliefs about their roles in determining their fetus's health were measured using Fetal Health Locus of Control (FHLC) scale. FHCL scale is composed of 3 sub-scales which include Internality Locus of Control (FHLC-I), Chance Locus of Control (FHLC-C), and Powerful Others Locus of Control (FHLC-P). Non-normally distributed scale scores were analyzed with Mann-Whitney U test for two independent groups and Kruskal-Wallis test for three independent groups. The scores obtained from all the sub-scales of the FHLC scale according to the praying groups were statistically significant (p = 0.008, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). The sub-scale scores were not statistically significant according to the tendency of giving alms (p = 0.269, p = 0.695, p = 0.079, respectively). The FHLC-I and FHLC-P scores did not indicate differences according to the tendency of going to pilgrimage (p = 0.914, p = 0.578), but FHLC-C scores were significantly higher in those who tended to go to pilgrimage (p = 0.004). There was a significant relationship between the tendency of performing prayer and going to pilgrimage and attitudes toward performing double-triple tests and oral glucose tolerance test (p = 0.002, p = 0.035, respectively). Religious beliefs were influential on the attitudes of pregnant women toward the health of the fetal. Gynecologists should consider patients' religious belief sensitivity while recommending them screening tests or planning their medication.

Predictive factors of treatment adherence in cancer outpatients.

Identify which variables are predictors of treatment adherence in cancer patients. Two hundred twenty cancer outpatients were evaluated by the following instruments: questionnaire on sociodemographic and clinical data, NEO-FFI Personality Inventory Revised (NEO-FFI-R), Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), patient's knowledge about cancer disease questionnaire, and Adherence Determinants Questionnaire (ADQ). A logistic regression analysis was applied to verify the predictive power of the variables, and network analyses were conducted through the qgraph package. The sample was composed of 138 (62.7%) women and 82 (37.3%) men. The mean age of participants was 54.66 (SD=13.30), and the education level mean was 8.32 (DP=3.76) years of study. Powerful others locus of control (LOC) and the personality factors conscientiousness and agreeableness are presented as predictors of high treatment adherence. The variable family cancer history, on the other hand, was a predictor of lower adherence levels. The powerful others LOC may be connected with more trust and dependence in the health team, leading to better adherence. Specific characteristics of personality factors can help individuals to cooperate with their caregivers and to follow medical orders. The evaluated factors are interrelated and should be taken into account by health professionals when developing interventions to modify health-related behaviors and treatment adherence.

Depressive Symptoms Life Satisfaction and Cognitive Health Status Among University Students in Nigeria by Gender and Ethnicity

Background: The health determinant model indicates that certain socio-cultural, socio-demographic, environmental, and lifestyle factors influence health status and wellbeing of any population group in any given nation Previous studies have suggested the need for regional and interregional comparison of health inequalities due to the interaction of these factors. Aims: This study investigated mental health indicators and cognitive health status by sex and ethnicity among university students in Nigeria. Method: The study was cross sectional. Full time university students were recruited from six universities within the major three ethnic groups in Nigeria. Data collection was with an anonymous questionnaire. One thousand five hundred and forty-nine responses were valid, while 563 responses were rejected for missing data especially sex and ethnicity. The variables examined were, psychosomatic health complaints and cognitive behaviours. Descriptive tests, chi-square tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were conducted. Results: With regard to mental health indicators, the results showed that while depression indicate significant differences by gender and ethnicity, life satisfaction showed significant differences by ethnicity alone. Cognitive health status showed sex*ethnicity interaction effect for self-efficacy, sense of coherence and powerful others locus of control. Conclusion: The findings indicated that the mental health of female students in the sample was poorer than those of male students; with female students from the Hausa ethnic group, demonstrating the worst possible health outcome.

Psychological Correlates of Eating Disorder Symptoms and Body Image in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes

To examine eating disorder symptoms and body image in adolescents with type 1 diabetes and to investigate the associations among social support, self-esteem, health locus of control, eating disorder symptoms and body image. Forty-six adolescents with type 1 diabetes and 27 healthy comparison adolescents completed questionnaires. No significant differences were identified in eating disorder symptoms and body image between adolescents with type 1 diabetes and healthy comparison adolescents. Regression analyses were completed with the full sample of adolescents with type 1 diabetes and healthy comparison adolescents. Higher levels of social support and being male were associated with a more positive body image, less body dissatisfaction and a lower drive for thinness. A belief by the adolescents that parents or healthcare providers (i.e. external powerful others locus of control) were in control of their health was associated with a more positive body image and less body dissatisfaction. Higher self-esteem was associated with a greater drive for thinness and a higher level of body dissatisfaction. Social support, health locus of control and self-esteem appear to be important correlates of eating disorder symptoms and body image in adolescents with diabetes and their typically developing peers.

The psychosocial impact of an activity holiday for young children with severe food allergy: a longitudinal study

Food allergy has been shown to severely affect quality of life (QoL) in children and their families. The Anaphylaxis Campaign U.K. supports families with allergic children and as part of that support ran an activity holiday for those with food allergy. This study investigated the effectiveness of this activity holiday for reducing anxiety and improving QoL and food allergy management for these children. Measures were taken at baseline, at the start of the activity holiday, at the end of the holiday, at 3 and 6 months follow-up. Children (n = 24) completed a paediatric food allergy-specific QoL questionnaire (PFA-QL), a generic QoL questionnaire (PedsQL, the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS) and the children's health locus of control (CHLC) scale at all stages of the study. There were significant improvements in social QoL, food allergy-specific QoL, total CHLC and internal locus of control scores over time (p > 0.05). There were significant decreases in powerful others locus of control, total anxiety and obsessive compulsive disorder scores (p < 0.05). Greater anxiety significantly correlated with poorer QoL at all time points; no correlations with locus of control were significant at the 3- and 6-month follow-up. The activity holiday was of significant benefit to the children who took part, providing support for the need for activity holidays such as this for children with severe food allergy. Ways in which adaptive locus of control and improved quality of life can be facilitated need to be further explored.

Treatment adherence among adolescents with epilepsy: What really matters?

Treatment adherence is often suboptimal among adolescents with epilepsy. However, knowledge is lacking regarding factors that affect adherence. Empirical studies and theories of human development suggest that self-management skills, self-efficacy, and sense of control are related to adherence. Eighty-eight adolescents with epilepsy, and their parents, completed standardized measures assessing epilepsy knowledge and expectations, treatment self-management, sense of control, and self-efficacy. Better self-reported parent adherence was correlated with greater epilepsy knowledge/expectations (p<0.001) and more medications (p=0.042). Better self-reported adolescent adherence was correlated with fewer siblings (p=0.003) and higher adolescent epilepsy knowledge/expectations (p<0.001). Greater adolescent epilepsy knowledge/expectations correlated with parent self-reported adherence (p<0.001), Powerful others locus of control (p=0.008), and adolescent/parent discordance regarding epilepsy knowledge/expectations (p<0.001). Interventions that enhance adolescent's knowledge of epilepsy and their treatment plan, while ensuring that teens and parents are in agreement with regard to epilepsy treatment, might contribute to better adherence.

Rural and Urban Characteristics Impact Cardiovascular Risk Reduction

Our aim was to provide a descriptive analysis of specific differences between rural and urban residents and the interaction between these differences and those who reduced cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in response to intervention versus those who did not. This study is a descriptive analysis comparing rural groups with urban groups and those who decreased CVD risk with those who did not. Two hundred five rural (median age = 64.0 years [interquartile = 57.0, 71.0], 56% men) and 183 urban (median age = 58.0 years [interquartile = 50.0, 65.0], 53% men) residents were included. Rural and urban groups differed (P < .05) for demographic, anthropometric, physiological, and health-related variables. Those who decreased CVD risk, regardless of rural or urban, had greater blood pressure, greater low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, lower walking distance, greater CVD risk score, greater metabolic syndrome score, and greater internal health locus of control (all P < .05). Interestingly, there were differences between those who decreased risk and those who did not within the rural and urban groups. Triglycerides, C-reactive protein, diabetes knowledge, risk perception, and outcome expectations were greater for the rural group who decreased their CVD risk versus those who did not (all P < .05). For the urban group, there was a greater powerful others locus of control for those who decreased CVD risk (P < .05). To maximize the likelihood of success, risk reduction intervention and educational strategies for urban and rural groups must be tailored to address unique demographic, physiological, and health-related characteristics.

The Efficacy of a Modified Theory of Reasoned Action to Explain Gambling Behavior in College Students

Recently, Thrasher et al. (College Student Affairs Journal 27(1): 57-75, 2007) explored the efficacy of the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA; Ajzen and Fishbein, Attitudes, personality, and behavior, 1980) in explaining gambling behavior of college students. However, their study found the TRA only predicted small amounts of variance in gambling intentions. Heeding their call to enhance the efficacy of the TRA through the addition of explanatory variables to the model, the present study incorporated gambling motivations and locus of control as moderating variables within the TRA to test the potential of a modified TRA in explaining gambling behavior of college students. A total of 345 students at a major metropolitan research university in the Midwest volunteered to participate in the study. A series of hierarchical linear regressions indicated intrinsic motivation to accomplish (p=.002) significantly moderated the relationship between gambling attitudes and gambling intentions. Further, internal locus of control (p<.001), chance locus of control (p<.001), and powerful others locus of control (p<.001) also significantly moderated the relationship between gambling attitudes and gambling intentions. The significant impact of the moderating variables on the relationship between gambling attitudes and intentions suggests intrinsic motivation and locus of control can alter the impact of the relationship between gambling attitudes and gambling intentions.

Rural and urban breast cancer patients: health locus of control and psychological adjustment

This study examines the moderating influence of rural residence on the associations between health locus of control (HLC) beliefs and psychological well-being. Two hundred and twenty-four breast cancer patients were surveyed. The results revealed that rurality interacted with HLC beliefs in predicting psychological adjustment. The pattern indicated that, whereas endorsing external forms of locus of control can be detrimental to the psychological well-being of urban breast cancer patients, the same is not true for rural breast cancer patients. For rural breast cancer patients, powerful others locus of control was beneficial for and chance locus of control was unrelated to well-being. Implications for future research and medical care are discussed.

Personality correlates of outpatient mental health service utilization

The present paper investigated the relationships between several personality constructs and the use of outpatient mental health services. Respondents were from the National Comorbidity Survey (NCS) Part II data set and included those with a past-year mood, anxiety, alcohol/substance use disorder (n=1750). Bivariate logistic regressions were used to examine associations between participants' self-reports of personality traits and outpatient mental health service utilization. Similar multivariate analyses were used to investigate these associations after adjusting for sociodemographic variables and the presence of psychiatric disorders and their comorbidity. The bivariate and multivariate analyses revealed significant positive associations between outpatient mental health service utilization and both Powerful Others Locus of Control and Self-criticism. These findings suggest that personality traits may play a role in treatment seeking behaviors for mental health problems over and above the presence of psychiatric disorders alone. The assessment of relevant personality constructs has the potential to inform and improve treatment outreach efforts.

Health locus of control and preventive behaviour among students of music

The present study investigated health locus of control, preventive behaviour and previous playing-related health problems of music students; 326 students of music (58% female, mean age 22 years) filled in the Locus of Control Inventory for Illness and Health (Lohaus and Schmitt, 1989) and the Epidemiological Questionnaire for Musicians (Spahn, 1998). It was shown that previous playing-related problems, being a string instrumentalist or a singer as well as high powerful others locus of control (LOC) and low external chance LOC, were predictive factors for the utilizing of preventive measures. It was not possible to confirm that a high internal LOC, in and of itself, furthers preventive behaviour. For prevention programmes at universities of music, it would seem important that previous health problems are actively ascertained at the commencement of the course of study, as they are an important point of departure for further, differentiated preventive counselling measures.

Other: Relationships between pain health locus of control (PLOC) and the coping strategies questionnaire (CSQ)

This study examined ways in which the Pain Health Locus of Control (PLOC) questionnaire was related to Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ). The purpose of this study is to measure the degree to which participants perceive control of his/her health as arising from Internal, External, Powerful Others loci, and its relationship to how they cope with pain. The 27 female (mean age 32.4 years) and 15 male (mean age 30.5 years) healthy participants completed the Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ) and Health Locus of Control Scale adapted for pain (PLOC). The 3 PLOC scales were regressed on the 7 Pain Coping Strategy subscales controlling for the effects of sex, age, and education. Regression of the Internal Locus of Control scores were correlated with the CSQ 2 subscales: Coping Self Statements, r = .42, p < .007 and Ignoring Sensations, r = .45, p < .05. Regression of External Locus of Control scores were correlated with the CSQ subscale: Catastrophizing, r = .47, p < .004. Regression of the Powerful Other Locus of Control scores were correlated with the CSQ 2 subscales: Increase Behavioral Activities, r = .54, p < .006, and Praying/Hoping, r = .57, p < .01. Participants with high Internal Locus of Control are better at using self reliant coping skills in order to ameliorate pain. Participants with high External Locus of Control rely on negative, and less optimistic expectations. Participants with high Powerful Others Locus of Control rely on increased hoping and praying. One's attitude toward the self, the psychological environment, and religion influence which coping strategies are used to ameliorate pain.

A community-oriented primary care demonstration project: refining interventions for cardiovascular disease and diabetes.

We describe a community-oriented primary care project that implemented all 5 steps of the formal model. Data are presented on cardiac risk factors, protective behaviors, health locus of control, and stage of readiness for change in an African American community. We discuss the use of these data to refine our health promotion interventions. We undertook a cross-sectional study of self-reported health behaviors from a door-to-door household survey of a geographically-defined community. Trained community members administered the survey questionnaire, which was completed in 386 of 557 randomly sampled households (response rate 69.4%). Qualitative discussions of survey results with 2 community groups were taped, transcribed, and analyzed for common themes. Compared with their counterparts, respondents who were older than 65 years (P = .0006), who had hypertension (P <.0001), and who had diabetes (P = .001) had higher mean scores for powerful others locus of control. Rates for physical activity and low-fat diet indicators were low compared with national statistics. Most respondents reported a maintenance stage of change for exercise (46.2%) and diet (57.5%). Group discussions found lack of local exercise resources and high-quality grocery stores to be major barriers to health behavior change. Ministers and physicians were identified as important powerful others. This study documents low rates of physical activity and healthy dietary patterns and describes recent interventions to address environmental barriers to behavior change. The association between powerful others locus of control and specific cardiac risk factors has prompted a greater emphasis on developing faith-based interventions and renewing physician-counseling efforts. Stage of readiness for change findings have prompted strategies to disseminate existing diet and physical activity recommendations more effectively.

Impulsiveness, Locus of Control, Motivation and Problem Gambling

A questionnaire consisting of demographic items, questions about gambling behavior, the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS), a depression inventory, the Eysenck Impulsiveness Questionnaire, Levenson's Internality, Powerful Others and Chance Scales of locus of control and the Gambling Motivation Scale, was completed by a non-random sample of 147 New Zealand university students who gambled for money, median age 24 years. Approximately 17 of the sample was classified as problem gamblers, the rest as non-problem gamblers. Multivariate analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences between problem and non-problem gamblers on gambling frequency, number of activities, parents' gambling, depression, impulsiveness and motivation, but not on locus of control. Amotivation (apathy) and motivation towards stimulation correlated with powerful others and chance locus of control, and motivation to impress others with powerful others locus of control. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that: (1) beyond gambling frequency, number of activities and parents' gambling, motivation explained a substantial proportion of variance in SOGS scores, with impulsiveness accounting for a lesser amount, and (2) predictors of problem gambling included impulsiveness, amotivation and the motivations for accomplishment and tension release. It was concluded that gambling motivation is a more useful construct than locus of control in explaining problem gambling. Suggestions were made for future research, and aspects of gambling motivation were discussed in terms of a treatment program with groups of problem gamblers.