Electromagnetic Radiation Power Research Articles

Real-time reading system for pointer meter based on YolactEdge

Despite the extensive deployment of digital instruments in modern times, their stability is challenging to maintain in adverse environmental conditions such as extreme temperatures, pressure, or powerful electromagnetic radiation. Analog meters, owing to their mechanical resilience and electromagnetic impedance, persistently find usage across nuclear power plants, petroleum, and chemical industries. However, under these harsh conditions, manual reading of the instruments may prove to be difficult and dangerous while failing to meet the requirements of real-time monitoring. In recent years, several machine vision-based meter reading systems have been proposed, however, achieving high accuracy through camera-based methods under varying angles and lighting conditions poses significant challenges. Cloud deployment may compromise plant privacy, while edge computing faces limitations in real-time meter reading due to limited computing power. To address these issues, we propose a real-time reading system based on the YolactEdge instance segmentation framework for single-point analog meters. Our system is more accurate than previous studies and is implemented and deployed on the Jetson Xavier NX edge computing device. Our performance evaluation shows that our model outperforms other baselines, with low reference values and relative errors of 0.0237% and 0.0300%, respectively, and an average inference speed of 10.26 FPS with INIT 8 linear acceleration on Nvidia Jetson NX.

Vacuum Arcs on Solar Array Surfaces

Arcs on the solar arrays appear to be the most plausible source for the electromagnetic radiation observed with the Arecibo radio telescope. In the laboratory, electrostatic discharges (arcs) on solar array coupons were studied in a simulated geosynchronous equatorial orbit environment. Arc current pulses were recorded with a high time resolution (up to 0.2 ns). Spectral properties of these pulses demonstrated no monotonic behavior but rather separated peaks within the frequency range of 100–1000 MHz. Electromagnetic radiation from these arcs was registered and recorded with a Yagi antenna 8 m distant from the arc site, and a high-speed oscilloscope. Analysis of the spectra resulted in the discovery of well-separated “lines.” Evaluation of arc current spectra and radio-frequency spectra revealed statistically significant patterns in the frequency domain. Measured radio fluxes and theoretical estimates of the power of electromagnetic radiation from arcs on spacecraft solar arrays strongly argue in favor of the arcing hypothesis for the source of this radiation. These results have enabled considerable progress to be made in understanding the physical nature of the generation of electromagnetic radiation by transient vacuum discharges.

A microwave-enhanced method able to substitute traditional pyrometallurgy for the future of metals supply from spent lithium-ion batteries

This work presents a new and promising method to recover Li, Co, Mn, and Ni from spent LIBs, based on a hybrid heating mechanism, obtained by using microwave radiation. Due to the presence of graphite, the heating is induced by the interfacial polarization of carbon atoms. The hybrid heating is based on the synergistic combination of an external susceptor with a graphite crucible. The system allows reaching carbothermic reduction conditions of black mass originating from spent LIBs, with a treatment of only a few minutes considering an electromagnetic radiation power ⋜1000 W, without any other additives. This process reduces the required associated energy by more than 2 orders of magnitude in comparison to conventional thermal treatments.The thermal process is followed by leaching in water and l-malic acid, obtaining a recovery process resulting to be competitive with metals extraction from respective ores.

Residential exposure to non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation from mobile base stations: a systematic review on biological effects assessment

The effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation from cellular base station exposure on human health are discussed in this review. Because of technological development, electromagnetic emissions are present at high levels in human existence. Due to the health risks linked with exposure to electromagnetic radiation (EMR), its effects are known. The systematic review work was done to identify measured values of non-ionizing radiation (such as power density and electric and magnetic fields) emitted by phones and GSM base stations, along with any potential biological consequences connected with the measured values. In the literature, all measurements of power density, electric fields, and magnetic fields were made using various instruments over a variety of base station distances and times. The findings from the literature showed that the non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation's power density, electric field, and magnetic field varied with distance from the tower and were highest at the closest distances. The findings also demonstrate that, in some situations, home exposure levels to base station-emitted non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation are within the limit. In some instances, however, the situation varies, and persons living close to base stations experience health effects from high levels of non-ionizing electromagnetic field exposure. The biological effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation exposure in homes are summarized in this article. Numerous studies to date have established the dangers of mobile phone base station radiation to people and wildlife. The negative biological effects of exposure to non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation were compiled from numerous articles. Residents who are exposed to higher levels of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation at home are more likely to experience symptoms like fatigue, nausea, disturbed sleep, discomfort, headache, memory loss, skin problems, visual disturbances, hearing problems, dizziness, muscle pain, DNA damage, and infertility. Some mobile base stations are situated quite close to homes and commercial buildings, putting individuals at risk from the base stations' electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the infrastructure impediment, such as interior obstructions or buildings, the emf changed from location to location. As a result, cellular mobile towers shouldn't be placed closer than 200 meters from residential structures.

Research on the Method of Near-Field Measurement and Modeling of Powerful Electromagnetic Equipment Radiation Based on Field Distribution Characteristics

With the wide application of power equipment consisting of high switching frequencies and large current switching devices in the integrated power system on ships, the low-frequency radiation interference caused by the powerful electromagnetic equipment becomes more and more serious. Establishing an equivalent model of radiation interference based on the near-field measurement data is the key to subsequent electromagnetic compatibility design. Due to the large size of the equipment, there will be many measurement points in the near-field measurement area, which leads to long testing times and low modeling efficiency. To solve the above problems, this article first proposes a method of near-field measurement and a modeling method of powerful electromagnetic equipment radiation based on field distribution characteristics. Firstly, the near-field measurement data are obtained by the sparse and uniform sampling of the near-field measurement plane at large sampling intervals. Then, the near-field measuring plane is separated into several regions by the magnetic field’s distribution characteristics. The near-field measurement data required for modeling are obtained by further sampling in the region with a large magnetic field amplitude. Finally, the equivalent radiation model is obtained by the equivalent dipole method. Simulations and experiments show that the method can significantly reduce the amount of measurement data and testing time while improving the efficiency of equivalent radiation modeling and maintaining the accuracy of the modeling.

The Use of Coplanar Transmission Lines for Protecting Receiving Antenna Systems from Powerful Electromagnetic Radiation in a Wide Frequency Range

The goal of the work is to expand the frequency range of operation of coplanar waveguide transmission lines as broadband high-speed superconducting protection devices against powerful ultrashort electromagnetic radiation, and to apply them in antenna devices of radio electronic systems designed to ensure the reliable operation of critical infrastructure facilities. The aim is achieved by solving the following tasks: investigating the electrophysical properties of coplanar transmission lines, in particular, capacitance, surface and wave resistance in different phase states that arise under the influence of powerful electromagnetic radiation, and determining the main factors for effective protection in a wide frequency range, designing protective devices. The most important result is the establishment of the possibility of using coplanar transmission lines as protection devices in a wide frequency range up to 100 GHz, as well as the establishment of the dependence of their main characteristics on the design parameters of the superconducting protection device. The significance of the obtained results consists of solving a complex problem of providing protection of antenna systems against powerful ultrashort radiation by establishing an analytical relationship between the electrophysical parameters of coplanar waveguide transmission lines, which are in different phase states determined by the influence of powerful electromagnetic radiation, and their design parameters. The peculiarity of the obtained results is in the clarification of the dependence of the wave resistance of the coplanar waveguide transmission lines in superconducting, mixed, and normal phase states on the change of their active component of surface resistance, determined in turn by the design characteristics of the protective device. The difference from the known works lies in obtaining relationships for determining the wave resistance of protective devices in different phase states.

Thick-walled coating in Gunn diode for measuring of electromagnetic radiation power in microwave range

In the introduction, the analysis of the physical basis for the operation of the semiconductor Gunn diode is carried out and the issues that should be resolved in substantiation of the basic physical principles of this diode operation are stated. At applied voltages of up to 0.6 V to a gallium arsenide or indium phosphide Gunn diode, free electrons appear in the conduction band of aluminum as a result of ionization of negative ions of gallium or indium atoms. At voltages from 0.6 to 2.0 V, free electrons appear in the aluminum conduction band as a result of ionization of negative ions of arsenic atoms, and at voltages from 0.6 to 3.0 V — phosphorus. The formation of negative gallium or indium ions is caused by electron capture directly from the aluminum base, while the formation of negative arsenic or phosphorus ions is mainly due to spontaneous electron transfer from the aluminum conduction band and from the negative gallium or indium ions. Electric current flows only over the surface of a gallium arsenide or indium phosphide crystal. The frequency of electric current oscillation is defined by the voltage applied to the Gunn diode and the thickness of the gallium arsenide or indium phosphide crystal. Determination of the power of microwave signals by the Gunn diode is carried out by applying a constant voltage between the cathode and the anode, which provides the frequency of current oscillation equal to the frequency of the measured microwave signal. The maximum radiation power in microwave wavelengths measured by the Gunn diode is determined by the equality of the electromagnetic wave perturbation energy and the electron affinity energy of gallium or indium atoms in the vicinity of the aluminum conduction band.

Stage division strategy for gas insulation surface discharge based on multi-physical information

The internal insulation defects in gas insulated equipment leading to partial discharges will affect the insulation performance of the equipment. Among them, surface discharges are a typical type of partial discharge, which often occurs at basin-type insulators. To realize effective discharge detection and discharge degree determination, a refined discharge stage division strategy for gas-insulated creeping discharge based on multi-physical information is investigated in this study. First, an experimental platform for gas-insulated multi-physical signal detection is established, of which high frequency current transformer (HFCT), silicon photomultiplier (SiPM), ultra-high frequency (UHF) and acoustic emission (AE) sensors are applied to measurement the multi-physical energy releases in the process of creeping discharge. Then an artificial surface discharge defect is developed following the actual surface discharge of basin insulator. Subsequently, the relative optical radiation power, electromagnetic radiation power and ultrasonic radiation power produced in the process of discharge are deduced from the multi-physical information. Meanwhile, the relationships among the three energy releases are carried out for variation of different energy with the applied voltage increases. Finally, development path of multi-physical energy ratio for surface discharge is proposed to evaluate the severity of discharge.

Investigation of Powerful Electromagnetic Radiation Influence on Receiving Antenna Systems with Superconducting Protective Devices

This work is devoted to the problem of the effect of a powerful ultra-short duration electromagnetic radiation on the superconducting protection device as a load of antenna-feeder circuit of radioelectronic systems. The above device is used in the monitoring systems of the land surface to the benefit of agriculture, geodesy, mapping, monitoring of land and ocean surfaces, and, also, the atmospheric layers, remote control systems in engineering and industry related branches. This goal was achieved by substantiation of the approach to the description of the arbitrary antenna response to the electromagnetic radiation, using the antenna system frequency response. The most significant result is the offered approach to the relationship determination between the response of the arbitrary antenna to the radiation influence and its characteristics in a radiation mode. The sought relationship determination showed that, such characteristics of the antenna systems are the antenna input impedance and the complex normalized radiation pattern in the radiation mode at an arbitrary frequency. The significance of the results is in obtainment of the analytical relations to estimate the effect of the radiation under consideration on the device that is in superconducting, mixed and normal phase states. The peculiarity of the obtained results makes it possible to consider the antenna system coordination degree of the protection device based on superconducting thin film. Conversion of the radiation energy into the induced currents’ energy that is the basis for selection and structural calculation of protection devices of the radio electronic facilities against powerful electromagnetic radiation build upon microstrip transmission lines.

ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIESOF ROAD CEMENT CONCRETE PREPARED ON MAGNETIC WATER

Statement of the problem. In recent years, in all civilized and highly developed countries, there has been a growing demand for the construction of roads and highways with rigid pavements that provide a satisfactory susceptibility to increasing dynamic loads from vehicles. For road cement concrete, the issue of effective and simplified application of the operation of magnetizing cement mixing water by using microwave radiation units remains relevant and urgent. In this case, it is necessary, first of all, to assess the variability of the strength properties of cement concrete and the mobility of the cement concrete mix on magnetized water. Results. The indicators of the strength of road cement concrete and the mobility of the cement concrete mixture when using in the process of its manufacture magnetized water through the useof a microwave radiation installation have been investigated. The studied factors were the powerof electromagnetic radiation and the time of its exposure during the magnetization of water. The application of the theory of mathematical planning of the experiment made it possible to obtain the corresponding regularities in the form of regression equations.Conclusions. The use of magnetized water in the production of cement concrete mixture has shown a positive effect in terms of ensuring increased strength of road cement concrete. At the same time, a decrease in its mobility requires a revision of the technological modes of laying and subsequent compaction.

REQUIRED RESTRICTIONS ON CHARACTERISTICS OF 4G/5G MOBILE (CELLULAR) COMMUNICATIONS TO ENSURE THEIR SAFETY FOR USERS

Implementation of intensive development of technologies, systems, and services of mobile (cellular) communications (CC) of the fourth (4G) and fifth (5G), and by 2030 also the sixth (6G) generation, implying an increase by many orders of magnitude in the data transmission rates over radio channels of user interfaces, without adopting special measures and restrictions may be accompanied by a significant increase in the power of electromagnetic radiation of subscriber devices. This power, the upper limits of which are determined at the level of 23–26 dBm, that exceeds the safe levels for the population, determines the degree of acceptability of voluntary environmental risks from the penetration of 4G/5G/6G technologies and services into all spheres of human activity. The goal of the work is to assess the expected limitations on system characteristics of 4G/5G mobile communications when using population friendly electromagnetic radiation power levels of the user's radio equipment. As the analyzed characteristics of mobile communication systems, the maximum communication range, the maximum allowable data transmission rate and the allowable relative level of intranet interference are considered. A quantitative systemic analysis of these limitations, the results of which are presented in this work, makes it possible to substantiate the necessary system, technical and organizational solutions aimed at ensuring the necessary level of electromagnetic safety for consumers of 4G/5G/6G services in the context of the rapid development of these systems without compromising the efficiency of technologies of information services for modern society.

Joint application of radar visibility reduction and anti-radar masking technologies to protect aircraft from remote monitoring systems

Using spectral energy equations of transmission-reception of wave processes in radio channel with scattering on object and direct radio channel, analysis of energy ratios of information signals and active masking interference at inputs of receivers of remote monitoring systems is carried out. Measures to reduce visibility are aimed at changing the reflective signatures of objects in the interests of reducing the de-masking features contained in secondary electromagnetic radiation to limits that exclude the performance of radar monitoring tasks at established distances and time intervals. Active interference is designed to mask information signals in receiving channels of radar at power that does not allow detecting their designers by passive radar. In case of joint application of not iceability reducing devices and active jammers, radar range reducing coefficient is determined by product of coefficient characterizing possibility of autonomous masking of information signals and coefficient achievable due to reduction of secondary electromagnetic radiation power in the second degree. The laws of increase of aircraft stealth from radar observation with joint application of technologies of reduction of radar visibility and masking by intentional interference created from sides of protected objects and from assigned points have been investigated. In order to maintain the desired signal-to-noise ratio at the output of the receiver with a decrease in the duration of the probing signal, it is necessary to proportionally increase the density of the emitted energy. With given antenna sizes, the maximum signal transmission range is proportional to the root square of their cyclic carrier frequency; increase of this parameter leads to increase of partial coefficient of directional action and effective area of antenna. With a decrease in the cyclic frequency of the carrier of the probing signal, inorder to maintain the required directional properties of the antennas, it is necessary to increase their dimensions.

Radiation Phenomenon Due to Streamers of Sprites

An upper atmospheric phenomenon i.e., sprites can be thought to be mainly caused by the propagation of positive corona streamers. This research presents the formulation for the calculation of radiation power received from the propagating corona streamers responsible for the origination of the sprites. The produced magnetic field variation using the calculated electromagnetic radiation power is found to be similar with the previous observation-based research work.

ВПЛИВ ЕЛЕКТРОМАГНІТНОГО ВИПРОМІНЮВАННЯ МІЛІМЕТРОВОГО ДІАПАЗОНУ НА ОПТИЧНІ ВЛАСТИВОСТІ ГЕМОГЛОБІНУ

The biological activity of millimeter electromagnetic radiation (MEMR) has long been known that is the basis for its use in medicine. But the primary biophysical mechanisms of this factor at the molecular level remain poorly understood and debated. Because of it the features of the influence of microwave radiation on the optical properties of water solutions of hemoglobin with the aim to characterize the certain structural state of hemoglobin were investigated in this research. The object of the study was the optical properties of aqueous solutions of human hemoglobin in the concentration range of 7 and 15 μM and in the temperature range 10–40°C. The optical spectra were recorded by using a BiospecMini (Shimadzu) spectrophotometer in the wavelength range of 190–1100 nm. In order to increase the accuracy of the analysis of spectral data the spectra were normalized relative to the baseline which was taken as a line that ran parallel to the horizontal axis due to the minimum value of the optical density in the absorption spectrum. The values of the absorption maxima and the optical density were used as the main parameters of the absorption spectra. The B-spline function was used to more accurately determine these parameters. Microwave exposure of hemoglobin solutions was performed at wavelength of 7,1 mm with power that calculated to be approximately 6mW. This power of electromagnetic radiation corresponds to the conditional limit range between thermal and non-thermal action of this factor. The dependence of the optical properties of hemoglobin in the spectral range of heme absorption on temperature was analyzed and effects of microwave radiation on the optical properties of hemoglobin solutions were considered in frame of hypochromic effects induced by temperature. It was revealed that the parameters of the absorption spectrum of an aqueous solution of hemoglobin depend on temperature. The optical density in the Sore band and the spectral bands of the oxygenated form of hemoglobin decreases upon temperature increase. The observed temperature hypochromic effect is associated with increased protein aggregation. The effect of MEMR leads to a small but statistically significant hypochromism in the spectra of hemoglobin absorption that testifies an increase in protein aggregation under the action of this physical factor which cause the changes in the hydration of protein molecules. This effect depends on the protein concentration and is not detected at low concentrations.

Prospects for the use of ferrites with high magnetic permeability and permittivity as radio-absorbing materials

The paper presents an overview of studies on the influence of the main parameters of ferrites on their ability to absorb electromagnetic radiation in the megahertz range (more than 10 dB). The main advantage of ferrites is a high refractive index (more than 1000) in the megahertz range due to the combination of high values of magnetic and dielectric permeability, which makes it possible to produce radio-absorbing coatings of small thickness (less than 10 mm) that effectively absorb electromagnetic radiation. Studies show that the attenuation of the power of electromagnetic radiation reflected from the surface of the ferrite is due to both interference processes and the processes of dissipation of electromagnetic energy during propagation in the ferrite. The inversely proportional relationship between the refractive index and the frequency of electromagnetic radiation in the megahertz range provides the condition for the interference minimum of the reflected radiation at a constant thickness of the ferrite coatings. A high refractive index slows down the speed of propagation of electromagnetic waves in ferrites, which enhances the processes of dissipation of their energy. The paper presents studies on the influence of the basic chemical composition of ferrites, alloying additives, microstructure parameters and technological modes on their magnetic and dielectric permeability. Studies have shown that an excess of iron oxide in excess of stoichiometry, which provides the semiconducting properties of ferrite grains, significantly increases the dielectric constant. High values of the dielectric constant of ferrites are provided by a combination of the dielectric properties of grain-boundary layers and the semiconducting properties of the grains themselves, which form the barrier capacity of grain boundaries according to the Okazaki mechanism. Alloying ferrites with oxides TiO 2 , Bi 2 O 3 , CaO in an amount of up to 1 wt.% allows increasing the electrical resistance and dielectric constant of grain-boundary layers, providing an increase in the dielectric constant of ferrite as a whole. It has been established that the formation of a dense coarse-grained structure provides an increase in both the magnetic permeability and permittivity.

Glasses Attenuating Electromagnetic Radiation

A radio-absorbing glass that is transparent in the visible range of the spectrum was developed. A radio-protective effect was obtained by implanting in the surface layer of the glass, not exceeding 100 nm, accelerated transition-element ions that form in the glass nanoparticles which absorb electromagnetic radiation. Measurements of the absorption of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) by implanted model and sheet glasses showed that the attenuation of EMR power is in the range of 6.2 – 30.2 dB for phosphate glass and 7.8 – 34.1 dB for silicate glass. The greatest radio-protective effect is observed in glasses with implanted nickel Ni+ and cobalt Co+. The EMR absorption can be increased to 37.5 dB by means of heat treatment.

Damage to the cornea of the eye when exposed to high-intensity electromagnetic radiation of the radio frequency range

An experimental assessment of the clinical manifestations of corneal injuries of the rabbit-eyed eyes closed under the influence of high-intensity electromagnetic radiation (EMR) in the microwave range was carried out. Similar studies have been conducted when exposed to high-intensity EMR ultrahigh frequency (UHF) on the open eye of a rabbit. Dose- and frequency-dependent changes in the cornea of the rabbit eye exposed to EMR frequencies of 3.97 GHz and 1.27 GHz with an average energy flux density (EFD) of 1 W/cm2 were revealed. It has been established that a high-intensity direct short-term exposure to a microwave EMF can lead to damage to even a closed eye. Radiation of the UHF range, which is close in intensity and exposure, in addition to direct damage to the cornea of the open eye, causes slight damage to the external structures of the open paired eye, which is not directly affected. The aforementioned necessitates the development of means and methods of individual protection of the organ of vision of personnel for protection against short-term exposure to powerful electromagnetic radiation of the radio frequency range.

Development of Recommendations for the Construction of Transmission Paths for Generating Powerful Electromagnetic Radiation

Development of Recommendations for the Construction of Transmission Paths for Generating Powerful Electromagnetic Radiation

Rationale for Selection of Non-Dominated Options for Pulsed Sources of Electromagnetic Energy

Основой электромагнитных боеприпасов является источник мощных электромагнитных импульсов. Современные системы генерации мощных электромагнитных излучений имеют энергетические возможности, которые обеспечивают выведение из строя радиоэлектронных средств на расстояниях от сотен метров до десятков километров.В настоящее время в связи с развитием высокоточных систем доставки излучателя мощных электромагнитных излучений появились новые возможности для электромагнитных боеприпасов, воздействующих на электронные устройства и средства связи противника. Электромагнитные боеприпасы относятся к боеприпасам избирательного действия, которые формируют мощные электромагнитные импульсы для функционального поражения (вывода из строя) чувствительных элементов радиоэлектронных средств, входящих в ракетные и авиационные комплексы. Ракетные и авиационные комплексы как основные ударные средства представляют собой совокупность разнородных типовых легкоуязвимых целей с элементами радиоэлектронных средств, к которым можно отнести пусковые установки с ракетами наземного и морского базирования, летательные аппараты (самолеты и вертолеты) на стоянках и палубах надводных кораблей, радиотехнические, навигационные радиолокационные станции, станции спутниковой системы связи, управления и др.В этом аспекте действие электромагнитных боеприпасов имеет важное военное значение, так как может привести к необратимому повреждению широкого спектра электрического и электронного оборудования вооружения и военной техники.Данная работа посвящена обоснованию и выбору недоминируемых вариантов импульсных источников электромагнитной энергии, которые потенциально могут быть использованы в качестве генераторов источников мощных электромагнитных импульсов.В статье рассмотрена модель согласования решений с использованием коэффициентов весомости показателей качества объектов на примере сравнения вариантов импульсных источников электромагнитной энергии.

Эффект трансформации электрического поля в анизотропных диэлектрических средах

The authors consider the aspects of the electric field distribution in an anisotropic medium and establish how its longitudinal and transverse components depend on the geometric factors. A rectangular plate of dimensions a×b×c is studied, its selected crystallographic axes located in the plane of the side face (a×b), while one of the axes is oriented at a certain angle α to the edge a. It is shown that applying a certain potential difference to the upper and lower faces electrically polarizes the volume of the plate and causes the appearance of the longitudinal and transverse components of the internal electric field. The authors investigate the possibility of transforming the magnitude of the electric field and methods for its optimization. The transformation coefficient of such a device is determined by the anisotropy of the dielectric permeability of the plate material and its shape coefficient k = a/b. The paper considers one of the design options for an anisotropic dielectric transformer and proposes its equivalent electrical circuit. Structural elements based on anisotropic dielectric transformers may be widely used both in power supplies of various electronic devices and for coordination of radar transceiver systems with antenna arrays of centimeter, millimeter and submillimeter wavelength ranges. The possibility of simultaneous transformation of constant and alternating electric fields allows them to be used in devices of simultaneous comparison, enabling to determine the current values of voltage, as well as the power of electromagnetic radiation in a wide range of wavelengths. The vortex nature of the electric field in the plate’s volume caused by the coefficient anisotropy of the dielectric permeability also creates the preconditions for the emergence of new principles for generating high-power electromagnetic radiation in a wide spectral range. The generation frequency of such devices is determined by the geometric dimensions of the anisotropic plate. The use of the described transformation effect will significantly expand the possibilities of practical application of the considered electrostatic phenomena, which will lead to the emergence of a new generation of devices for microwave technology, electronics and electric power.