Power Take-off Research Articles

Wave Energy Converters and Hydraulic Power Take-off: analysis of a possible control strategy

Wave energy conversion is one of the most promising but untapped worldwide technologies. In fact, wave energy is clean and renewable as the solar and wind ones, but also less mature and utilized. Moreover, several Wave Energy Converters (WECs) patents have been developed in the last decades, as evidence of the great potential beneath these systems. Among the different issues related to this technology, the most challenging is controlling such systems. Maximizing the captured energy is indeed the main goal of a WEC’s control mechanism. As for single-mode oscillating absorbers, it has been proven that a resonance condition between body velocity and excitation force must be achieved. This control solution is generally called phase control. Different phase control strategies have been realized since the 1970s and latching control is one of them. However, how to implement sub-optimal phase control in real seas remains an open problem. A numerical model of the wave energy converter and its power take-off system is proposed in this paper. More precisely, the model simulates the hydrodynamics of a WEC point absorber coupled with a hydraulic Power Take Off in regular waves. Additionally, a parametric latching control strategy is suggested to enhance the converter’s power capture performance.

Two-body dynamic simulations of a combined semi-submersible floating offshore wind turbine and torus wave energy converter

Dynamic responses of a combined wind and wave energy system which consist of a 5MW semi-submersible floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) and a torus-shaped wave energy converter (WEC) are investigated. In the investigated configuration, the torus WEC is constrained to move only in the heave direction with respect to the FOWT. This results in a two-body dynamic system that allows for the extraction of wave energy through the relative heave motion. A Modelica-based multi-body system (MBS) code is used to perform fully coupled dynamic analyses of the combined system. The wind turbine loads are calculated using the state-of-the-art Blade Element Momentum (BEM) method, while the wave power take-off (PTO) system is modelled as a linear spring and a viscous damper. A case study is presented where the mass of the torus is varied to investigate the impact on the two-body dynamics of the combined system. The system performance is assessed in terms of the maximum wave power absorption and the quality of wind power production.

Design of hydraulic power take-off systems unit parameters for multi-point absorbers wave energy converter

Ocean waves represent a substantial renewable energy source, prompting this study's exploration of harnessing this potential via multi-point floating absorbers equipped with hydraulic Power Take-Off (PTO) systems. The study's primary motivation is to comprehensively model a Wave Energy Converter (WEC), including the hydraulic PTO system's control mechanism and protection system. To optimize the WEC design, we first investigate the hydrodynamic parameters of the floating absorber, employing potential flow theories and assessing the effects of varying the diameter-to-draft ratio. Our research involves analyzing Response Amplitude Operators (RAOs) and hydrodynamic forces for different ratios to identify the most effective design, followed by using computed wave forces as inputs for PTO simulations in MATLAB/SimScape to determine the unit parameters. The analysis of RAOs and wave-exciting forces reveals that diameter-to-draft ratios between 0.67 and 1.0 yield the best WEC performance, offering promising recommendations. In the final step, we compare the performance of single and multi-point absorber system simulations, assessing factors such as pressure drop, flow rate, and power output at the hydraulic motor. This comparison concludes that multi-point absorbers generate a more stable power output than their single-absorber counterparts.

Balancing power production and coastal protection: A bi-objective analysis of Wave Energy Converters

Wave Energy Converters (WECs) have the potential to serve dual purposes, generating power and protecting coastlines. Although traditionally the focus has been on maximizing power generation for cost-effectiveness, growing impacts of climate change have made coastal protection increasingly imperative. However, power production and coastal protection have been addressed separately, missing potential synergies. This paper addresses this gap by conducting a bi-objective analysis to investigate the interactions between power extraction and wave attenuation for a single Oscillating Surge Wave Converter (OSWC) and WEC farms of three and five units.A linear Power Take-Off (PTO) system, with passive and reactive control strategies, is examined. By varying the PTO parameters, we assess their influence on both power production and wave field attenuation. Results demonstrate a significant impact of the PTO choice on wave attenuation, with a similar trend observed for power production. This finding highlights the potential for a trade-off, where maximizing wave attenuation may come at the cost of moderate energy output. Furthermore, the interactions observed within the WEC farms enhance this trend.The study emphasizes the importance of a holistic approach to WEC technology development, promoting sustainable and resilient harnessing of wave energy resources, considering both power generation and coastal protection.

Design and Control of Hydraulic Power Take-Off System for an Array of Point Absorber Wave Energy Converters

The development of wave energy converter (WEC) arrays is an effective way to reduce the cost of levelized energy and facilitate the commercialization of WECs. This study proposes a hydraulic power take-off (PTO) system for an array of point absorber wave energy converters (PA-WECs) and designs a control system using a novel algorithm called the improved simplified universal intelligent PID (ISUIPID) controller and the adaptive matching controller including an improved artificial gorilla troops optimizer (IGTO) to improve and stabilize the output power of PA-WEC arrays. Simulations under varying irregular wave states have been carried out to verify the validity of the mathematical model and the control system. The results show that the designed IGTO has faster convergence speed and better convergence accuracy in solving the optimal linear damping coefficient of the generator, and the proposed ISUIPID controller provides superior performance in tracking the speed of the hydraulic motor under the changing sea states. In addition, the capture power and output power of the array of PA-WECs are improved and the electrical energy can be output stably under the designed control system. The array of PA-WECs with the proposed control system will become an independent, stable, efficient, and sustainable power supply system.

Assessing the efficiency of a distensible-tube wave attenuator at three different scales considering aero and hydro-elastic effects

A water-filled floating distensible tube connected to a forward-bent oscillating water column is here considered in the context of harnessing energy from sea waves. Based on wave-tank experiments conducted at three different scales, under intermediate and deep-water incident regular waves of small and finite amplitudes, the present study addresses important aspects that determine the energy capture-width of the system. The comparison between the results obtained at the three scales reveals non-linear and aero-hydroelastic scale effects inherent in modelling the device. The following issues are also tackled: (i) the occurrence of various working modes of the floating tube and their contribution to its performance; (ii) the compressibility of the airflow through the orifice power take-off system; (iii) the viscous-effects associated with the Reynolds and Keulegan-Carpenter numbers. The parameters that govern the system's efficiency are the tube's length, the OWC natural period and the bulge wave tuning period. The system becomes very efficient not only at the OWC resonance, but also when the incident wavelength is equal to or twice the tube's length. Video frames further provide evidence of the relationship between the tube's working modes and its performance. An iterative algorithm based on Buckingham's formula, with an empirical expansibility factor, provides adequate estimates of the compressible flow through the power take-off. Viscous losses closely related to the Reynolds and Keulegan-Carpenter numbers are found to be important even for waves with moderate steepness. Finally, the experiments suggest that a single distensible-tube system in open sea has a maximum capture-width of no more than 2 tube-diameters.

A bistable point absorber wave energy convertor with a mechanical motion rectifier

The design of novel wave energy converters (WECs) with the capability of low frequency energy capture is of great significance for the development of low frequency ocean wave energy. In this study, a novel point absorber WEC combined with a bistable mechanism and a mechanical motion rectifier (MMR) is proposed to achieve the goal of efficiently capturing wave energy in the low frequency range. In the WEC, the introduction of a rack-pinion-lever-spring (RPLS) bistable mechanism can not only enhance the capture efficiency in a low frequency range but also protect the system from excessive vibration amplitude through the nonlinear stiffness. Besides, one MMR based power take off (PTO) system is proposed to convert the bidirectional vibration into unidirectional rotation of the generator and extract more power via the mechanism of two one-way pinions. The dynamic model in the time domain for the nonlinear point absorber WEC with the RPLS bistable mechanism and the MMR based PTO system is established in which the convolution term is replaced by the state space method. The characteristics of the nonlinear dynamics and wave energy capture performance for the novel WEC are analysed in regular wave condition. The numerical results demonstrate that the peak capture width ratio of the proposed WEC can reach almost 2 times that of the traditional linear system in a lower frequency range.

A preliminary study of a novel wave energy converter of a Scotch Yoke mechanism-based power take-off

This work proposes a novel concept to harvest power from ocean waves using a Scotch Yoke mechanism to transmit the heave motion of the buoy into the rotation of an off-the-shelf rotary generator. The novel transmission mechanism is proposed to tackle some of the main obstacles of ocean waves energy harvesters associated with the reliance on resonance and the high expenses related to the large device dimensions and permanent magnet linear generators. The Scotch Yoke mechanism converts the linear wave motion of a harmonic nature into rotary generator motion, coinciding with the nature of ocean waves. A mathematical model is constructed relating the hydrodynamics of the float to the non-linear resistive forces of the power take-off. Simulations are conducted for two different devices, including a typical large-scale-up wave energy converter device and a relatively small scaled-down wave energy converter device that can be placed close to the shore. The simulation results showcase that the large scale device can have a peak harvesting efficiency of up to 42%, while the small scale device can have a peak harvesting efficiency of up to 34%. This is of great importance as the small device can be used with an off-the-shelf rotary generator, and can be placed close to the shoreline further lowering the cost of manufacturing, installation, and maintenance allowing easier access to the device. Also, to validate the concept, a small scaled-down device has been fabricated, and dry-tested. The tested power take-off is proven to be able to harvest energy from linear harmonic oscillating buoy motions with a peak efficiency of 49% (not including the hydrodynamic efficiency).

Modeling the soil-machine response of secondary tillage: A deep learning approach

Seedbed preparation constitutes a highly important step in the crop establishment process since it directly influences both quality and yield expectation in crop fields. The quality of seedbed preparation is usually assessed by the operator of the tractor or a supervising farmer and thus dependent on qualified field personnel which are scarce today. Subsequent to the visual assessment of the current seedbed structure, a qualified operator can manually adapt the secondary tillage machine in order to optimize resource efficiency (e.g., fuel consumption) while maintaining optimal seedbed preparation according to local soil conditions. In this work, we propose to use an automated approach for real-time in-situ measurement of seedbed quality. Stereo cameras mounted in the front and the back of the tractor provide images and depth-information. Additionally, telemetry data such as working speed, power take-off (PTO) speed, fuel consumption and engine torque utilization of the tractor are logged. Based on this data, we develop a Deep-Learning-based model to predict seedbed quality (measured in form of the Roughness Coefficient), engine torque utilization and engine fuel rate. Thus, we model the interaction of the soil and the machine (soil-machine response) when preparing the seedbed with different machine configurations and environment states. For training and evaluating our model, we collected data from 16 field runs with varying soil types ranging from loamy sand to silty clay in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Based on this data, we demonstrate that our novel model is able to predict the soil-machine response on previously unseen fields with high accuracy – in our setting with a relative root mean squared error (rRMSE) between 12.2 and 14.4 %. Our proposed model has two main advantages: (1) it allows farmers to plan the optimal machine configuration in advance by simulating different machine configurations and thus reduce the complexity for the operator and (2) it can serve as a basis for the training of intelligent control agents.

A Control Framework for Ocean Wave Energy Conversion Systems: The Potential of Moments

The control of wave energy converters (WECs) to maximize power capture is a challenging problem. In particular, the nature of the wave excitation, which is in general panchromatic (or multi-sinusoidal), presents a reciprocating energy source that needs to be rectified through some means. In addition, the development of suitable control-oriented models is also challenging, requiring correct representation of system hydrodynamics and power take-off (PTO) components, while also lending themselves to control synthesis and real-time computational performance, along with a challenging optimal control problem. This article presents a moment-based mathematical framework for the formulation and solution of WEC control. It shows that moments are ideally suited to WEC control in terms of their ability to accurately characterize the nature of the wave excitation force (and the consequent evolutions in the system variables) while also gracefully including hydrodynamic and PTO nonlinearities as well as a natural extension to WEC arrays. Model reduction, to mold the system model into a control-friendly form, is also a feature of this framework.

High efficiency and wideband wave energy capture of a bistable wave energy converter with a displacement amplifier

Ocean wave energy is a kind of renewable energy with huge reserves, which can play an important role in the future construction of smart oceans. The low capture efficiency and narrow bandwidth of traditional wave energy capture devices seriously restrict the large-scale application of wave energy. To address these issues, a rack-pinion-lever-spring (RPLS) adaptive bistable Power Take-Off (PTO) mechanism with a time-varying potential barrier is proposed and applied to a point absorber wave energy converter (WEC). In the proposed nonlinear PTO system, a rack-pinion-lever (RPL) mechanism, as a displacement amplifier, has an effect on enhancing the poor amplitude sensitivity issue of the negative stiffness mechanism. Based on linear wave theory, a special nonlinear one-and-half-degree of freedom dynamic model is developed to describe the adaptive bistable wave energy converter (AB WEC). In comparison with the traditional bistable WEC (TB WEC) and equivalent linear WEC, the numerical results show that the AB WEC can greatly enhance the capture efficiency of lower frequency energy, especially at small wave excitations. The energy capture efficiency of the AB WEC is close to that of the TB WEC even at large wave amplitudes and is higher than that of the equivalent linear WEC. Finally, the wave energy capture characteristics of the three kinds of systems are studied based on the wave distribution diagram of a certain sea area in the South China Sea. The results show that the AB WEC has a large wave height adaptability in the low frequency region. The AB PTO mechanism with a displacement amplifier proposed in this paper can provide a technical reserve for the highly efficient and wide bandwidth capture of low frequency ocean wave energy.

Wave-attenuation efficiency of a floating distensible tube at different Keulegan–Carpenter numbers

A water-filled floating rubber tube is tested in a wave flume under regular waves of different steepness. The wave excited pressure bulges in the tube induce periodic oscillations of a forward-bent water column at its stern, which in turn activate a pneumatic power take-off system. The purpose of the experiment is to better understand how the tube’s working modes contribute to the wave energy absorption and to quantify the power extracted from the incident waves. By applying Bernoulli’s equation for incompressible airflow, the water column free-surface displacement measurements deliver the pneumatic chamber pressure and the volume flow through the power take-off. Video captions help to reveal the interactions of the tube with the incident waves and further relate them to the system’s efficiency. Additionally, an energy balance enables the assessment of the internal friction and flow separation losses, at different Reynolds and Keulegan–Carpenter numbers. The hydrodynamic and overall efficiencies of the system are ultimately provided.

Comparison of Advanced Control Strategies Applied to a Multiple-Degrees-of-Freedom Wave Energy Converter: Nonlinear Model Predictive Controller versus Reinforcement Learning

Achieving energy maximizing control of a Wave Energy Converter (WEC) not only needs a comprehensive dynamic model of the system—including nonlinear hydrodynamic effects and nonlinear characteristics of Power Take-Off (PTO)—but to treat the entire system using an integrated approach, i.e., as a cyber–physical system considering the WEC dynamics, control strategy, and communication interface. The resulting energy-maximizing optimization formulation leads to a non-quadratic and nonstandard cost function. This article compares the (1) Nonlinear Model Predictive Controller (NMPC) and (2) Reinforcement Learning (RL) techniques as applied to a class of multiple-degrees-of-freedom nonlinear WEC–PTO systems subjected to linear as well as nonlinear hydrodynamic conditions in simulation, using the WEC-Sim™ toolbox. The results show that with an optimal choice of RL agent and hyperparameters, as well as suitable training conditions, the RL algorithm is more robust under more stringent operating requirements, for which the NMPC algorithm fails to converge. Further, RL agents are computationally efficient on real-time target machines with a significantly reduced Task Execution Time (TET).

A Comparison of Power Take-Off Architectures for Wave-Powered Reverse Osmosis Desalination of Seawater with Co-Production of Electricity

Several power take-off (PTO) architectures for wave-powered reverse osmosis (RO) desalination of seawater are introduced and compared based on the annual average freshwater production and the size of the components, which strongly relate to the costs of the system. The set of architectures compared includes a novel series-type PTO architecture not previously considered. These seawater hydraulic PTO architectures are composed of a WEC-driven pump, an RO module, an intake charge pump driven by an electric motor, and a hydraulic motor driving an electric generator for electric power production. This study is performed using an efficient two-way coupled steady-state model for the average performance of the system in a given sea state, including freshwater permeate production, electric power production, and electric power consumption. A multi-objective design problem is formulated for the purposes of this comparative study, with the objectives of maximizing annual freshwater production, minimizing the displacement of the WEC-driven pump, and minimizing the installed RO membrane area. This establishes a framework for comparison in the absence of a mature techno-economic model. The requirement that the system produces enough electric power to meet its consumption is applied as a constraint on the operation of the system. The oscillating wave surge converter Oyster 1 is assumed as the WEC. Weights on performance of the system in a given sea state are based on historical data from Humboldt Bay, CA. This study finds that (1) architectures in a series configuration allow for a reduction in the WEC-driven pump size of 59–92% compared to prior work, (2) varying the displacement of the WEC-driven pump between sea conditions does not provide any significant advantage in performance, and (3) varying the active RO membrane area between sea condition offers improvements between 7% and 41% in each design objective.

Experimental investigation of a dual-pontoon WEC-type breakwater with a hydraulic-pneumatic complementary power take-off system

Floating offshore multi-purpose structures have recently attracted much attention worldwide in terms of sharing costs, enhancing efficiencies and reducing environmental impacts. In this paper, hydrodynamic experiments are conducted to examine the accessibility of wave energy absorption by a dual-pontoon floating breakwater integrated with hybrid-type wave energy converters (WECs). The main structure and the air chamber between the two pontoons are designed as an Oscillating Buoy (OB) and an Oscillating Water Column (OWC), respectively. Two power take-off (PTO) systems, including a hydraulic system and a Wells turbine, are selected to extract wave energy from structural motion and chamber airflow. To investigate the hydraulic-pneumatic complementary effects, PTO damping coefficients of two systems are adjusted both individually and synchronously. Besides, the hydrodynamic comparison among different geometrical parameters, are further studied. The breakwater-integrated hybrid WEC system led to a larger optimal pneumatic damping for the OWC while the optimal hydraulic damping for the OB is not affected. Additionally, the internal air pressure is acting as a resistive force to pontoons, hence the pontoon motion is smaller, and part of the kinematic energy from pontoons is extracted by the OWC. Correspondingly, the wave attenuation capacity is enhanced by multiple harvesting manners, especially for long-period waves.

Control co-design of power take-off and bypass valve for OWC-based wave energy conversion systems

Wave energy is a significant source of renewable energy harnessed by wave energy converters (WECs). However, due to the relatively high levelised cost of energy (LCoE), wave energy has not attained a commercial stage yet. To minimise the LCoE, since the optimum (uncontrolled) WEC design typically differs from the optimum controlled WEC design, control co-design (CCD) techniques are essential. With CCD, the WEC control-related aspects are taken into account from the start of the WEC design phase and, ideally, the best control-informed WEC design is then achieved. This paper specifically focuses on CCD for an oscillating-water-column (OWC) WEC, equipped with a Wells turbine and a bypass valve. In essence, a parametric CCD approach is devised to find the optimum (control-informed) turbine rotor diameter, and bypass valve diameter, for the considered OWC WEC. In particular, the optimum design parameters minimise a ‘simplified’ LCoE, which is chosen as a suitable performance function. Despite the LCoE is primarily sensitive to the power take-off size, rather than to the bypass valve size, peak-shaving control with a bypass valve potentially increases the capacity factor and, consequently, can minimise the LCoE for small-to-medium sized turbines.

Wave energy conversion using heaving oscillator inside ship: Conceptual design, mathematical model and parametric study

A concept of utilizing heaving oscillators inside a ship as a means of capturing wave energy is proposed, drawing inspiration from the two-body self-contained wave energy point absorber. This concept involves the ship acting as a small-amplitude-motion platform and the heaving oscillator as a large-stroke body, where the kinetic energy of their relative motion can be converted into electrical energy through a power take-off (PTO) system. The dynamic equations of the ship and the inboard heaving oscillator under regular waves are derived using the boundary element method and solved using a Python code with 4th-order Runge-Kutta integration. The numerical results exhibit favorable agreement with publicly available experimental data. Furthermore, the effects of forward speed, encounter angle, and PTO mechanical parameters on various aspects, including ship motion, oscillator response, wave energy capture performance, and inner loads, are investigated. The results show that the concept of heaving oscillator inside ship has no significantly adverse effects on the ship seakeeping performance. Both forward speed and encounter angle significantly influence the encounter period and thereby impact the sensitivity of capture width (CW) at a broader band of incident wave periods. Conversely, PTO mechanical parameters exerting a more localized impact primarily under long incident waves.

Mechanical property identification and performance evaluation of a power take-off combined with a mechanical motion rectifier and a magnetic bistable device

The bistable mechanism has attracted lots of attention due to its potential in improving the efficiency and broadening the bandwidth of wave energy converters. However, most of existing researches are based on simplified numerical models that ignore nonlinear features of power take-off (PTO) and bistable device. Therefore, in this study, a mechanical PTO with both a mechanical motion rectifier (MMR) and a gyration magnetic bistable device (MBD) was designed and integrated into a self-reacting point absorber (SRPA). First, the gyration dynamic and bench tests were carried out to identify the mechanical properties and to explore the working principle of the PTO. Besides, the mechanical parameters of the PTO are obtained for the further analysis of the SRPA coupling dynamics. The disengagement of the MMR and the snap-through feature of the MBD were observed. As for the PTO force, the increment of the inertia moment in backside of the MMR and the electromagnetic damping increases the PTO force, while the MBD turns it more fluctuant due to its bi-stability. With regard to the MMR disengagement, the rise of the inertia moment and the drop of the electromagnetic damping expand the disengagement duration of the MMR. The result indicates the equivalent electromagnetic damping is a critical factor of efficiency improvement, and the oscillation velocity is a subordinary factor beneficial to the efficiency promotion, while the disengagement of the MMR contributes to the efficiency improvement to a limited extent. The PTO efficiency is determined by the proportion of the work done by the nonconservative force in nature. The overall efficiency of the equipment in the bench test achieves 62.9%. Then, the holistic perspective of the self-reacting point absorber integrated with the proposed PTO is given through the numerical analysis. The relatively weak bi-stability of the MBD degrades the potential barrier of the restoring force, and it is favorable to the snap-through oscillation and to promoting the energy harvesting performance of the SRPA. The proposed PTO sustains the relatively high efficiency level of the energy conversion between 50% and 70%, which manifests a good performance for the application of the wave energy utilization.

Hydrodynamic analysis of a novel multi-buoy wind-wave energy system

Hybrid wind-wave systems combining the wave energy converters (WECs) with offshore wind turbines (OWTs) is a promising way to enhance the power production and improve the sea space utilization. In this paper, a novel hybrid wind-wave conceptual system, in which a multi-buoy WEC is integrated with a fixed monopile OWT, is proposed. This is the first concept utilizing multi-buoy WECs and is distinguished from existing hybrid wind-wave systems with a fixed monopile OWT, which integrate a single oscillating water column or a heaving point absorber. To characterize the hydrodynamics associated with the proposed system in operational wave conditions with different directionalities, a potential flow solver with an appropriate power take-off (PTO) model is applied. The results demonstrate a significant buoy-buoy and buoy-monopile hydrodynamic interaction, suggesting that the existing hydrodynamic characteristics for the wind-wave system with a single buoy WEC may not be applicable to the new system. More importantly, the power performance of the present system is proven to be better than the corresponding single-buoy wind-wave system, as being quantitatively assessed by the newly-defined evaluation index within the range of the consideration of this paper.

A self-stabilizing point absorber wave energy converter with a top-shaped buoy and non-linear power take-off for oceanographic applications

Point absorber wave energy converters (PA-WECs) are considered an independent renewable energy resource in oceanographic research to study wave climate data, ocean navigation and maritime security. Their performance enhancement through optimally designed floats and power take-off (PTO) is a crucial challenge. The proposed study investigates the combined PA-WEC model, including (i) the hydrodynamic of the optimally designed top-shaped buoy, (ii) non-linear characteristics of power take-off and (iii) self-stability of PA-WEC under the real-time wave climate of XiaoMaiDao wave station, Shandong, China. The proposed mechanical power take-off comprises a double-sided rack with gear transmission and three-phase DC generators. The components of the power take-off are symmetrically oriented on both sides of the rack to make it statically and dynamically balanced for the self-stability of the PA-WEC. The floating buoy absorbs kinetic energy from waves relative to a fixed point and transfers it to the PTO system. The PTO module alters the forward and reverted strokes of heaving motion into uni-directional rotations on the output shaft, employing a mechanical gearing mechanism with one-way bearings. Subsequently, supercapacitors store the rectified electrical energy in the power conversion and storage modules. The mechanical power take-off was initially modeled in MATLAB/Simscape and verified through experimental investigations using mechanical testing and sensing machine. Secondly, the hydrodynamics of the floating buoy was studied using frequency- and time-domain simulations in ANSYS AQWA. Thirdly, the wave tank tests were performed on a 1:25 scaled buoy in a wave tank, and the test results were validated against the time-domain simulations. Finally, the combined effects of power take-off and buoy were studied on the prototype scale, and it is concluded that at 1m significant wave height, the power take-off system integrated with the Cyl-AS buoy can generate 247.76W (RMS) with PTO efficiency of ηpto_rms = 76.37% at PA-WEC efficiency of ηwec_rms = 12.10%. Installing the proposed point absorber wave energy converter system along the offshore platforms can promote the UN-SDG-2030 Agenda, specifically the 7 and 14 goals, by supplying electricity for oceanographic applications.