Magnet Power Supply Research Articles

Deep Learning-based Anomaly Detection in Drift Tube Quadrupole Operation for the KOMAC LINAC

ABSTRACT The Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex linear accelerator encompasses a Drift Tube LINAC (DTL) structure for high-frequency beam bunches accelerated by a radio frequency quadrupole. The existing anomaly detection system triggers shutdown when anomalies are detected. This study aims to detect anomalies to prevent unnecessary shutdowns through pre-adjustments. Drift-tube quadrupoles (DTQs) focus the beam within the DTL tank, but prolonged usage can degrade performance. To ensure stable beam focusing, the operational status of DTQ power supplies must be monitored. The EPICS input/output controller monitors these operational parameters and triggers alarms when thresholds are exceeded. However, this approach fails to consider changes, such as equipment aging. A machine learning-driven method can assimilate historical data related to the magnet power supply, enabling deriving adaptive thresholds, facilitating anomaly detection. A long short-term memory (LSTM) autoencoder model is employed to detect anomalies in DTQ magnets. Exploratory DTQ magnet operation data analysis was conducted to identify potential failures. The LSTM autoencoder offered a more adaptive and proactive detection model than conventional threshold-based methods. The results show that voltage fault events can be detected range from 30.7 to 286.6 minutes before they may cause a breakdown, enhancing device maintenance and performance through proactive prognostication of impending failures.

Research on high-power MRS power supply based on ZVS

Abstract Magnetic resonance sounding is currently the only type of trenchless detection method for groundwater exploration, offering advantages such as comprehensive information acquisition, unique interpretation, and quantifiable results. The main challenge faced by magnetic resonance sounding in actual detection processes is the complex electromagnetic noise interference in the environment, making it difficult to ensure a high signal-to-noise ratio for water detection. The signal detected by the instrument can be stacked multiple times, which increases the signal-to-noise ratio by √ n times. Therefore, the collected signal can be stacked multiple times through repeated measurements. However, the power supply system of previous nuclear magnetic resonance water detectors used the LCC resonance mode, which presents issues such as low power, fewer signal acquisition times per unit time, and difficult heat dissipation. This article proposes a nuclear magnetic resonance power supply system based on Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS), which adopts constant resonance technology to reduce switching loss and shorten the time required for the power supply to charge the energy storage capacitor. This approach increases the number of measurements per unit time, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio.

Research on the Lumped Parameter Model of Busbar Temperature Rise in the Superconducting Magnet Power Supply System of Fusion Devices

Research on the Lumped Parameter Model of Busbar Temperature Rise in the Superconducting Magnet Power Supply System of Fusion Devices

Recurrent neural networks for anomaly detection in magnet power supplies of particle accelerators

Recurrent neural networks for anomaly detection in magnet power supplies of particle accelerators

Stability and Reliability Analysis of High-Power Magnet Power Supply Based on Long Pulse Operation of CRAFT

Stability and Reliability Analysis of High-Power Magnet Power Supply Based on Long Pulse Operation of CRAFT

Reduction of Reactive Power Compensation Efforts for Fusion Magnet Power Supplies Using Variable Series Capacitors

Reduction of Reactive Power Compensation Efforts for Fusion Magnet Power Supplies Using Variable Series Capacitors

Research and economic evaluation on novel pulse superconducting magnet power supply topology with energy storage for fusion devices

Research and economic evaluation on novel pulse superconducting magnet power supply topology with energy storage for fusion devices

Realization of modularized corrector magnet power supply with N+1 redundancy for TPS facilities

This paper delves into implementing multi-module parallel current output using the existing TPS storage ring correction magnet power supply. We have devised a control interface card with N+1 redundancy to facilitate bipolar high-current parallel module output. To achieve this, we have employed various current feedback methods, including external DC Current Transducer (DCCT) and internal module current feedback signals. Following PI compensation, these feedback signals are amalgamated with reference current signals to compute compensation values for each module, which are subsequently disseminated to each Corrector Magnet Power Supply (CMPS) for modulation, thereby enabling closed-loop current control. A single CMPS module can deliver ± 48 V/± 10 A output, while up to eight CMPS modules can be interconnected, yielding a maximum output of ± 80 A. Through numerous experimental measurements, the long-term output current stability remains within 0.6 mA, or 7.5 ppm, with the output current spectrum predominantly maintained within 500 μA. Furthermore, the system boasts N+1 redundancy functionality and bipolar output current characteristics. These exemplary performance attributes underscore the criticality of our design for future applications of TPS magnet power supplies.

Development of a pulsed magnetic field power supply for small size Betatron

Development of a pulsed magnetic field power supply for small size Betatron

Investigation and improvement of spill quality at XiPAF synchrotron

Investigation and improvement of spill quality at XiPAF synchrotron

Integration of monitoring and operation ion source system in the DECY-13 cyclotron

Abstract In nuclear medicine, cyclotrons play a vital role as cyclic accelerators, producing radioisotopes for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) technology. Currently, the Accelerator Technology Research Center, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, is developing the DECY-13 cyclotron, which comprises several crucial components, including the ion source. The ion source generates ions that is accelerated to a specific energy level before being directed at the target. The ion source system of the DECY-13 cyclotron includes various supporting components, such as a cooling system, vacuum system, Magnet Power Supply (MPS), gas flow system, and cathode power supply. These components are currently operated independently, with manual monitoring by operators. To simplify and improve the operation, an integration project needed for supporting component of the DECY-13 cyclotron’s ion source. This integration utilizes LabVIEW software, the NI-9870 module, NI-9425 module, and NI-cRIO as the process operation controller. The successful development of the integration program ensures that the displayed data on the interface aligns seamlessly with data from each individual device. Consequently, the integration program serves as an effective tool for monitoring the operation of the DECY-13 cyclotron’s ion source.

A novel generation design dipole magnet power supply of booster to storage ring transport line in NSRRC

The Taiwan Light Source (TLS) is a synchrotron radiation facility located in Taiwan. The booster ring at TLS injects electrons into the storage ring, which then circulates the electrons to produce synchrotron radiation for various experiments. The Taiwan Light Source (TLS) has been in service for more than 20 years, and some of the power supplies used in the facility are old and hard to maintain repair and the component are phase-out. The upgrade is specifically aimed at replacing the power supply for the BTS (Booster to Storage ring) transmission line with a new machine. During the regular shunt down time, dipole magnet power supply replacements were completed. The main reason for using the Chroma 62075H-30E power supply is commonality, for this machine is widely used in Taiwan Photon Source (TPS), and the output current of the power supply is paralleled to a dipole magnet. Therefore, a total of 17 power supplies are used in this upgrade planned to be executed. This novel generation upgrade design is important because the power supply for the BTS transmission line is critical for the operation of the facility, as it is responsible for maintaining the electron beam at a stable energy level as it is injected from the booster ring into the storage ring. A more reliable and efficient power supply can help improve the stability and quality of the electron beam, leading to better experimental results and more efficient use of the facility. Overall, this novel generation upgrade design is part of the ongoing effort to modernize and improve the infrastructure of the TLS, ensuring that it remains a state-of-the-art research facility for years to come.

Development of bipolar high-current correction magnet power supply for TPS facility

Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) is a globally renowned 3 GeV synchrotron accelerator light source. With a successful decade of operation, various subsystems have continuously improved and maintained an optimal research facility environment. Presently, there is a concerted effort towards energy conservation. This technical report focuses on the future development of the TPS-II Permanent Magnet Trim Coil Power Supply for the correction magnet, emphasizing a Bipole high-current correction magnet power source. According to the prototype specifications, the maximum output current is 20 A with an operating voltage of 48 V. This augmentation increases the amplitude of the magnetic field correction in the permanent magnet-associated Trim core, providing greater flexibility in manufacturing the permanent magnet correction coils. To design a power supply with high current and stability, the system adopts the Danisense DP50-IP-B DC Current Transducers (DCCT) as the current feedback component and Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs) as power switches in a full-bridge (H-bridge) configuration. The driving frequency is set at 40 kHz. Analog modulation control circuitry and protective circuits ensure precise control loop modulation. In the power laboratory, a hardware prototype circuit was constructed, featuring a 48 V input voltage, 20 A output current, a maximum power of 960W, and a current ripple component maintained within 100 μA. This experiment validates the control loop design of the prototype, showcasing the ability to achieve rapid and stable output current performance. Using a 1 V input reference signal for small-signal testing, the bandwidth displayed a -3 dB bandwidth of 8.51 kHz. Long-term current stability is within ± 10 ppm, and interface compatibility with the existing TPS correction magnet power source interface allows direct operation within the current system.

Optimization stability and performance of the TPS storage ring dipole magnet power supply

This article focuses on the current status of the dipole magnet power supply (DMPS) and improvement in the Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) storage ring. The DMPS provides a stable and precise magnetic field for the storage ring operation. Appropriate wiring methods are employed to minimize magnetic field interference across the entire TPS area to meet the demands of high-energy output and overcome the challenges of operating at high currents. The target energy is set at 850 V and 750 A, utilizing a single-pole switching voltage regulator as a high-precision constant current source output structure. The system incorporates a closed control loop that uses the Direct Current Current Transducer (DCCT) to provide current signal feedback to the system. FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) calculates PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) compensation values, generating a 2.1 kHz pulse width modulation (PWM) signal to regulate the output current. At the same time, insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) modules are switching components. However, even after several years of practical operation, the stability and performance of the DMPS in the storage ring still require improvements. To enhance long-term output current stability and address peripheral issues, the current TPS utilizes the Beam Orbit Feedback (FOFB) system to suppress and fine-tune the magnetic field and compensate for the impact of temperature drift on the DMPS's output current. This improvement ensures a more stable circulation of the photon beam within the storage ring. By optimizing the temperature control circuit of the main control card, the long-term output current stability has been successfully enhanced to within ± 10 ppm. Simultaneously, the FOFB system reduces uncertainties in adjusting the X-axis beam position, improving beam stability and quality. Furthermore, relevant protective measures have been implemented to ensure robust system operation. Ultimately, these improvement measures have successfully met TPS's stringent requirements for the DMPS, enabling the synchrotron accelerator light source to operate at higher performance levels and fostering advanced scientific research. The results of these upgrades underscore the success of the power supply enhancements, making significant contributions to the overall improvement of the Taiwan Photon Source facility.

Develop an automated data acquisition system for TPS correction magnet power supply

Taiwan Photon Source is a third-generation 3 GeV synchrotron light source. Since the successful operation of the first beamline in 2013, comprehensive long-term testing and acceptance work has been carried out to ensure the stable operation of various types of correction magnet power supplies, totalling 1038 units. To standardise and save workforce and time for the measurement of correction magnet power supplies, an automated data acquisition system platform for correction magnet power supplies was developed using LabVIEW. This platform integrates control interface cards, high-resolution digital voltmeters, and analysis instruments. It also includes linearization and calibration compensation for the multi-channel direct constant current transformer to ensure simultaneous measurement of 24 magnet power supplies. Furthermore, it can automatically generate test reports in Word format, saving significant human resources and time. This platform has verified TPS correction magnet power supplies before installation, reducing the failure rate. Regarding measurement results, the output current ripple for the DCCT version is within five ppm, while the shunt resistor version is within ten ppm. The long-term current stability is consistently within ten ppm. The development of the fully automated data acquisition system platform and the measurement of 1038 power supplies were completed in four months.

Load model of high power magnet power supply for EAST based on GMPSO-BP neural network

Load model of high power magnet power supply for EAST based on GMPSO-BP neural network

Perbandingan Sistem Levitasi Magnetik Ems dan Eds Untuk Maglev Indonesia

Maglev trains are considered for urban transport and intercity transport systems. On low-medium speed Maglev trains, the operating routine is shorter than that of high-speed trains. Therefore, EMS and LIM technologies are preferred from the point of view of construction costs. However, in high-speed operation, EDS and NGO technologies are preferred for handling, and reliability. In addition, as the development of high-temperature superconductors and new types of permanent magnets develop, stronger and more cost-effective magnetic energy will be used for Maglev trains. The authors believe this technology can be utilized not only for railway applications but also aircraft launch systems and spacecraft launch systems. The need for a new and improved transportation system prompted many countries to be interested and seek to develop Maglev railways. However, although Maglev trains have been studied and developed for approximately half a century, few countries have the knowledge and expertise to do so. This review paper attempts to describe the current complete system in detail and summarizes the basic core technologies of Maglev trains from an electrical engineering point of view. The research hopes to be useful for people interested in this to assimilate Maglev train technology including magnetic levitation, propulsion, guidance, and power supply systems.

Analysis of the bi-bridge topology and power device circuit of the TPS booster dipole power supply

This study primarily discusses a unique topology for constructing a double full bridge circuit. The study establishes a push-pull inverter model and analyses the balance circuit in its architecture. This allows the power supply to initiate the balance circuit and ensures the TPS (Taiwan Photon Source) booster magnet power supply operates smoothly in a safe and balanced voltage region when magnet energy is recovered. We employ the approach of adding Y circuits to mitigate the impact of common mode (CM) noise. Adding a Y circuit effectively suppresses the common-mode noise generation, improving the quality of the output current of the TPS dipole magnet power supply at low currents state and ramping the beam current energy from 150 MeV to 3 GeV. Furthermore, the reproducibility and stability of the injection point can enhance the injection efficiency of the TPS booster magnet power supply. This study presents the results obtained from these efforts.

Simulation study on the slow extraction for the improvement of the beam shill structure at J-PARC Main Ring

J-PARC Main Ring (MR) delivers a slow extracted 30 GeV proton beam to the Hadron Experimental Facility using third-order resonance. One of the critical properties required for the proton beam is the flatness of the time structure of the extracted beam (spill structure). We performed a simple beam simulation of the MR slow beam extraction to investigate the effect of the current ripples of the main magnet power supplies on the beam spill structure. In addition, we investigated in the simulation the effects of the feedback control system on the betatron tune using fast Q magnets and the transverse RF system to improve the spill structure. The simulation qualitatively reproduced the measured spill structures. Now the attempts to optimize their parameters for better spill structure are ongoing.

High-Power Modular GaN Based Power Supply for MedAustron Scanning Magnets

MedAustron is a synchrotron-based ion therapy center in Wiener Neustadt, Austria, constantly working towards the performance improvement of cancer treatment. A major improvement opportunity comes from the scanning magnets system – a crucial element of dose delivery system at MedAustron - that is influenced by the bandwidth and power density of the magnet power supplies. Therefore, a novel highly modular power converter, based on the latest gallium nitride technology is being developed to tackle the aforementioned requirements. One sub-module of this power supply is based on two H-bridges that are operated in hard parallel and are integrated into a standardized euro-crate form factor with target output power specifications of 720 kW. This design also includes a 4th-order output Bessel filter to meet the ripple requirements for clinical operation. Furthermore, those sub-modules offer the possibility of being connected, cascaded or interleaved, in order to meet different output power requirements, providing a high modularity aspect. The status of this development in terms of requirements, global topology, and control structure is presented.