Power Strategy Research Articles

Landscape Design of Qingdao University Education under the Strategy of Marine Power

In the context of the strategy of marine power, this paper analyzes the connotation and significance of the strategy of marine power, discusses the current situation of educational landscape design in colleges and universities in Qingdao, and puts forward the forms and methods of integrating the strategy of marine power into the landscape design of colleges and universities, to provide references for the optimization and development of the landscape design of colleges and universities in Qingdao.

Sea Power as National Defence: Has Indonesia implemented it?

The objective is to analyze the role of maritime defense in Indonesia's national strength and alliances, examining modern naval capabilities, regulations, investment, and Mahan's Sea Power principles for strategic readiness and economic integration in the 21st century. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method, focusing on in-depth understanding and data interpretation. Triangulation is used for data validity, and analysis follows an inductive approach without generalization. Additionally, it utilizes sea power theory and defense diplomacy concepts to explore Indonesia's maritime strength and diplomatic efforts. Sea Power is an important issue for all countries in the world. Several maritime conflicts have gotten out of control due to a lack of input regarding naval defence strategies. Such as conflicts over the dynamics of China's militarisation in the South China Sea (LCS) region or the Russia-Ukraine Black Sea conflict. Considering Indonesia as a maritime country that is required to immediately provide national defence in the future, to prevent future conflicts, following the application of sea power, Indonesia is considered to have achieved the criteria in this matter. Therefore, through the application of Alferd Thayer Mahan's "Sea Power" theory, researchers try to adapt this theory to several Indonesian efforts in the 21st Century with an interest in highlighting the Indonesian Navy's efforts and strategies in achieving contemporary sea power in the 21st century. With a focus on research into Indonesia's national interests in achieving sea power and Indonesian naval strategy. With the results, it is hoped that readers will be able to realize the importance of the sea and find out to what extent Indonesia has implemented Mahan's theory by examining the two superpower countries, the US and China, which are countries that have applied this theory to their navies

Through the Lens of Sea Power and Maritime Strategy: Alfred T. Mahan and Julian S. Corbett on the Napoleonic Wars

Through the Lens of Sea Power and Maritime Strategy: Alfred T. Mahan and Julian S. Corbett on the Napoleonic Wars

Applying Negative Soft Power? Examining Hungary’s Digital Criticism of the European Union

This study examines how Hungary’s criticism of the European Union (EU) is reflected in its digital diplomacy efforts. It proposes that systematic criticism of the bloc can be seen as a deliberate use of negative soft power, a tactic that involves portraying others in an unfavourable context. To address the research objective, the study examines the Twitter (now known as X) diplomacy of 40 Hungarian government officials in 2021–2022 and identifies EU-related content and criticism through a semi-automatic content analysis. The results show that while a few central government users systematically and explicitly criticise the EU, other actors balance condemnation with neutral and positive posts. The findings, therefore, indicate that Hungary’s systemic weakness limits the pure export of national discourses and forces soft power strategies to mix critical commentary with neutral and positive representation.

Spatio-Temporal Evolution and Driving Mechanism of Coupling Coordination of Pseudo Human Settlements in Central China’s Urban Agglomerations

The construction of pseudo human settlements in the context of “digital-real integration” in the information age is crucial for the high-quality development of human settlements in the new era. This study aimed to investigate the spatio-temporal evolution of the pseudo human settlements and its mechanism to provide new ideas for scientific breakthroughs in cross-disciplinary fields, such as human settlements, and to provide a strong basis for promoting the overall improvement of the quality of the human settlements in the central China’s urban agglomerations in the new era. Employing the theoretical framework of “three states” in human settlements, this study utilizes big data, including tourism, shopping, work, and socialization, to investigate the dynamic patterns and driving mechanisms of pseudo human settlements within Central China’s urban agglomerations from 2011 to 2021, employing methodologies such as the coupling coordination model, standard deviation ellipse, kernel density, and gray correlation degree. The results show the following: (1) the overall pseudo human settlements in central China’s urban agglomerations exhibit a pattern of “high coupling and low coordination”. (2) The overall coupling degree exhibits a fluctuating upward trend and has been at a high coupling-state level. (3) The degree of coupling coordination has obvious spatial differentiation characteristics, such as the core circle, “tower”, and “two main and one secondary” core structure. (4) The overall level of pseudo human settlements is influenced by the combination of time, space, and the multidimensionality of systems and indicators. This study conducted research on pseudo human settlements to enrich the theory of the human–land interaction relationship in geography and reflect the decision-making needs in the strategy of network power.

Trait selection strategy in multi-trait GWAS: Boosting SNP discoverability

Since the first Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS), thousands of variant-trait associations have been discovered. However, comprehensively mapping the genetic determinant of complex traits through univariate testing can require prohibitive sample sizes. Multi-trait GWAS can circumvent this issue and improve statistical power by leveraging the joint genetic architecture of human phenotypes. Although many methodological hurdles of multi-trait testing have been solved, the strategy to select traits has been overlooked. In this study, we conducted multi-trait GWAS on approximately 20,000 combinations of 72 traits using an omnibus test as implemented in JASS (Joint Analysis of Summary Statistics). We assessed which genetic features of the sets of traits analysed were associated with an increased detection of variants compared to univariate screening. Several features of the set of traits, including the heritability, the number of traits, and the genetic correlation, drive the multi-trait test gain. Using these features jointly in predictive models captures a large fraction of the power gain of the multi-trait test (Pearson's γ between the observed and predicted gain equals 0.43, P < 1.6 x 10-60). Applying an alternative multi-trait approach (MTAG), we identified similar features of interest, but with an overall 70% lower number of new associations. Finally, selecting sets based on our data-driven models systematically outperformed the common strategy of selecting clinically similar traits. This work provides a unique picture of the determinant of multi-trait GWAS statistical power and outline practical strategies for multi-trait testing.

Planning renewables in distribution system with electric vehicles to improve hosting capacity and energy losses: Two-stage stochastic optimization framework

Excessive penetration of renewables in distribution system can create several operational issues. One of the technologies that can maximize accommodation of renewables is electric vehicles (EVs). However, along with EVs additional measures are required while maximizing hosting capacity (HC) to avoid negative impact on system and account for uncertain parameters. In this regard, this paper proposes a two-stage stochastic optimization approach for planning of renewables in distribution system integrated with EVs. In the first stage, capacity of renewables is determined while maximizing HC whereas in the second stage operating strategy of EVs, renewables and grid power is evaluated to minimize expected energy losses. The proposed framework includes uncertainties in load demand, renewables and EVs characteristics through stochastic programming approach. The optimization problem is formulated as second order cone programming problem. The proposed model is tested on modified IEEE-33 bus and real-life 108-bus Indian distribution systems with different charging/discharging patterns and penetration rates of EVs. Moreover, an economic based cost analysis to compare planning cost and EV charging cost is also provided. Simulation results reveal that in 33-bus system with 500 EVs, the HC with vehicle-to-grid capability (V2G) is higher as compared to uncoordinated and coordinated charging by 29.86% and 6.36% respectively, while in 108-bus system with 1000 EVs, it is higher by 18.51% and 5.69% respectively. Further, the energy losses with V2G are 27.54% and 1.36% less in 33-bus system and 7.31% and 3.22% less in 108-bus system as compared to uncoordinated and coordinated charging respectively.

The threat posed by a woman inventor: law, labour and the subjugation of Louisa Lawson

In 1896–1897, Louisa Lawson (1848–1920) filed a number of patent applications. This article explains how her inventions were an expression of modern feminist practice and aligned with the progressive suffragette campaign for equal economic rights for women. It plots the unrelenting opposition to Lawson’s entrepreneurship and explains why her successful litigation to enforce her legal rights was a hollow victory. This history raises significant questions of contemporary relevance about law, culture, power and political strategy demonstrating the historical resistance of all major institutions of the modern democratic state – unions, bureaucracy, parliament and the courts – to gender inclusion.

First experimental results on lifetime-aware wind farm control

The study presents the methodology, implementation, and first results of the experimental test of a lifetime-aware wind farm control (WFC) approach. The novel strategy goes beyond the conventional WFC formulations and aims to maximise profit while ensuring fulfilment of a desired lifetime. Damage due to fatigue is formulated using a cost model and is also limited by a lifetime constraint. The control strategy is based on yaw-induced wake steering and utilises a tool chain of power and damage estimators. The experiment was conducted with three model turbines in a boundary layer wind tunnel, which allowed the simulation of a realistic dynamic variation of the wind direction. The novel strategy is compared to conventional greedy operation, as well as to the classical maximum power strategy. The results show that the novel control strategy can improve the economic performance of the farm.

Enhancing Day-Ahead Electricity Market Planning with a Novel Probabilistic Strategy for Wind Power and Uncertain Customers

Enhancing Day-Ahead Electricity Market Planning with a Novel Probabilistic Strategy for Wind Power and Uncertain Customers

Forecasting Use of Critical Rear-Earth Metals and Lithium During Energy Transformation

Energy transition from power-engineering of fossil fuel to low-carbon power-engineering requires great amounts of minerals. The growth in global demand for real-earth metals brings serious pressure on today’s supply. Among necessary minerals rear-earth elements (REE) are key components of ecologically clean power technologies, such as windmills and electric vehicles. In spite of importance of rear-earth metals forecasting of their future use is still a complicated task. The article paid key attention to forecasts of using lithium in electric vehicles and wind power stations, as well as neodymium. The authors researched problems connected with current and future REE supplies for low-carbon technologies: monopoly of China, the absence of equivalents substitutions, low rate of processing, etc. The authors analyzed long-term trends of consuming rear-earth metals and lithium on the basis of simple models of data and more complicated ones - multinomial. In general, models can forecast consequences only in limited degree, as in many cases they make up a structure, which combines a great number of initial assumptions. We propose a new approach to appraisal future use of key resources for energy transitions, which can answer the question ‘how to satisfy the current and future demand for power’ and will help scientists and decision-makers develop sustainable power strategies in view of climatic challenges and compare non-modeled scenarios on the basis of expert analysis.

Stress localization investigation of additively manufactured GRCop-42 thin-wall structure

A full-field crystal plasticity (CP) framework is presented for the GRCop-42 alloy to study microscopic mechanical behavior and local stress heterogeneities. The microstructures of additively manufactured (AM) materials are often unique relative to conventionally processed materials, and the local thermal histories drive these differences during the build process. These thermal histories depend on the process parameters (laser power, scan speed, and scan strategy) and the part geometry. Prior research has shown that the mechanical properties of thin-walled structures can vary significantly with wall thickness due to changes in the thermal boundary conditions during manufacturing. It is, therefore, desirable to perform CP simulations based on the phenomenological constitutive model to predict the local mechanical responses induced by microstructural heterogeneities. This work generates representative microstructures based on experimentally collected grain information (i.e., texture) for grain scale stress analysis, and the material constitutive parameters are calibrated using the experimental mechanical testing data. We specifically investigated the effect of crystallographic texture and grain morphologies on the size-dependent mechanical properties of AM GRCop-42. The selection of appropriate material properties for implementing an effective free surface boundary condition and the influence of adjacent buffer layers are also discussed. Analysis of local field results reveals a strong correlation between stress localization and the initial grain orientation. However, no significant relationship between the misorientation of the individual adjacent grains and the average misorientation is observed.

Experimental Study on Parameters Optimization of Selective Laser Melting 316L Stainless Steel Based on the Response Surface Methodology

Abstract The use of 3D printing technology can prepare flexible and varied special-shaped complex structures while realizing resource-saving and cost reduction. For this purpose, a 316L stainless steel sample was formed by selective laser melting technology, and the quality of samples was optimized by the Box–Behnken surface response method. Taking the surface roughness Sa as the response value, a regression analysis of four parameters of selective laser melting (laser power, scanning speed, scanning spacing, and scanning strategy) was designed using design expert software. The results showed that the scanning spacing and scanning speed have the greatest influence on the surface roughness, while the laser power and scanning strategy have no significant influence on the surface roughness. Meanwhile, the established surface roughness response surface model is effective and can be used for quality optimization of 316L structural trim. When the laser power was 185 W, the scanning speed was 615 mm/s, the scanning spacing was 110 μm and concentric scanning strategy was adopted, the surface adhesion powder was less, and the minimum surface roughness Sa was 9.001 μm.

Simulation-guided development of advanced PID control algorithm for skin cooling in radiofrequency lipolysis.

The clinical outcomes of bipolar radiofrequency (RF) lipolysis, a prevalent non-invasive fat reduction procedure, hinge on the delicate balance between effective lipolysis and patient safety, with skin overheating and subsequent tissue damage as primary concerns. This study aimed to investigate a novel bipolar radiofrequency lipolysis technique, safeguarding the skin through an innovative PID temperature control algorithm. Utilizing COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software, a two-dimensional fat and skin tissue model was established, simulating various PID temperature control schemes. The crux of the simulation involved a comparative analysis of different PID temperatures at 45 °C, 50 °C, and 55 °C and constant power strategies, assessing their implications on skin temperature. Concurrently, a custom bipolar radiofrequency lipolysis device was developed, with ex vivo experiments conducted using porcine tissue for empirical validation. The findings indicated that with PID settings of Kp =7, Ki =2, and Kd =0, and skin temperature control at 45 °C or 50 °C, the innovative PID-based epidermal temperature control strategy successfully maintained the epidermal temperature within a safe range. This maintenance was achieved without compromising the effectiveness of RF lipolysis, significantly reducing the risk of thermal damage to the skin layers. Our research confirms the substantial practical utility of this advanced PID-based bipolar RF lipolysis technique in clinical aesthetic procedures, enhancing patient safety during adipose tissue ablation therapies.

Low-temperature creep performance of additive manufactured Ti–6Al–4V

Abstract Additive manufacturing enables the fabrication of versatile and cost-effective metallic-alloy components from a digital data model. This study explores the prospects of selective laser melting (SLM), an additive manufacturing technique, for fabricating Ti6Al4V alloy components from Ti6Al4V alloy powders. Selective laser melting parameters, such as laser power, scanning speed, powder thickness, hatching space, and scanning strategy, are carefully selected through a series of experiments. The metallurgical characteristics (microstructure, grain orientation, and phase composition), microhardness, and creep performance of the as-fabricated specimens are tested and analyzed. The kinetics of phase transformation and rupture mechanism are determined using advanced instrumental characterization tools, such as field emission scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope, X-ray diffractometer, and transmission electron microscope.

A Study on the Techno-Economics Feasibility of a 19.38 KWp Rooftop Solar Photovoltaic System at Al-Abrar Mosque, Saudi Arabia

This research paper presents a comprehensive study on the implementation of photovoltaic (PV) energy systems at Al-Abrar Mosque in Saudi Arabia. The primary objective was to explore optimal regional solar power strategies. By synergistically integrating technical evaluations of the PV system with economic analyses, including the payback period and levelized cost of energy (LCOE), alongside an investigation of net metering and net billing scenarios, we delineated a pathway toward achieving net zero billing for the mosque’s energy requirements. This study examined two scenarios: Scenario I involved net metering, while Scenario II explored net billing. Our theoretical and simulation results, derived from detailed analyses conducted using PVsyst software, unequivocally demonstrated the superiority of net metering for this specific application. With net metering, the mosque’s energy needs can be efficiently met using minimal infrastructure—comprising only 34 photovoltaic modules and a single inverter. In contrast, net billing requires significantly higher resource demands, underscoring the economic and spatial advantages of net metering. Additionally, the payback period for Scenario I is 7.9 years, while for Scenario II, it extends to 87 years. Through rigorous simulations, this study reaffirmed the practicality and feasibility of the net metering approach within the context of Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, our research provides actionable insights for implementing sustainable solutions at specific sites, such as the Al-Abrar Mosque, and contributes to advancing renewable energy knowledge in the region.

Hierarchical Coordinated Control Strategy for Active Power in Distribution Networks with Scaled Distributed Generation Access

Promoting scaled distributed wind turbines and photovoltaic, and other distributed generations access to the distribution network is an important measure for realize the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality and to build new-type power systems. However, as the installed capacity of wind turbine, photovoltaic and other intermittent renewable energy sources climbs dramatically, the security and consumption problems of the distribution network are becoming increasingly prominent, and there is an urgent requirement to improve the active power control capability of distributed generation. To optimize the operation stability and consumption economy of the distribution network, a hierarchical coordinated control strategy for active power of scaled distributed generation is proposed based on the principle of unified control and hierarchical management, including peaking control, frequency control, mesh control and market trading control, to coordinate and optimize the system operation safety and consumption economy. The proposed strategy optimizes active power control instructions in the layer of distribution network layer, mesh layer, and functional area layer, thus fully expanding the depth and breadth of the consumption for distributed generation. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is proved by the actual operation of Liaoning power grid.

Investment Strategy and Benefit Analysis of Power and Heat Hybrid Energy Storage in Industrial Parks Based on Energy Performance Contracting

To solve the problems of a single mode of energy supply and high energy cost in the park, the investment strategy of power and heat hybrid energy storage in the park based on contract energy management is proposed. Firstly, the concept of energy performance contracting (EPC) and the advantages and disadvantages of its main modes are analyzed, and the basic scheme of EPC for parks is proposed combined with the actual demand. Furthermore, the multiple energy storage model for power and heat storage in parks is established, which includes lithium batteries and heat storage tanks. Based on this, minimizing the annual operation cost of parks is taken as the optimization goal, and the capacity optimization model for power and heat storage is constructed, which considers the investment costs, operation and maintenance costs, purchased energy costs, peak-shaving subsidy, and environmental subsidy. Finally, an industrial park is selected as an example of EPC to verify the effectiveness of our proposed investment strategy. The results show that compared with the situation before the energy-saving renovation, the park can save 35.14 ten thousand CNY in annual cost expenses. When the unit power price of the lithium battery exceeds 3900 CNY/kW, the unit capacity price exceeds 5460 CNY/kWh, the unit power price of the heat storage tank (HST) exceeds 6000 CNY/kW, and the unit capacity price exceeds 1000 CNY/kWh, the configuration of the lithium battery and HST in the park is no longer the optimal choice to perform the energy-saving renovation.

‘Wolf Warriors’ in the UN Security Council? Investigating power shifts through blaming

AbstractWhat shifts in the extent and patterns of China's blaming are observable at the United Nations Security Council (UNSC)? This article employs automated content analysis to measure the frequency of blaming by China and other permanent UNSC member states based on a dataset of all speeches (19,623 overall) in the UNSC from January 1995 to May 2022. Furthermore, it uses qualitative text analysis and network analysis to examine the targets of blaming in three different case studies of UN security governance—UN peacekeeping in former Yugoslavia (1998–2008), the UN sanctions regime against North Korea (2007–2017) and the broader peace and security discourse at the UNSC (2008–2018). The study conceptualizes Chinese blaming as a previously unexamined discursive strategy of compulsory power with potential long‐term effects on shifts in productive power. However, the results indicate the absence of blaming‐related shifts in the discursive space of the UNSC: China's rhetoric in the UNSC, compared with other UNSC members, has remained restrained over time. Variance in blaming behaviour between actors and across bilateral and multilateral settings seems to depend on strategic considerations that assess how to exert power most effectively.

PREFIGURING PRAGMATICALLY? Prefigurative Politics and the Constellation of People Power Strategies for Winning Affordable Housing in Cape Town

AbstractThis article contributes to ongoing discussions about the practice of prefigurative politics by urban social movements, and the relationship between prefiguration and other political practices. We argue that urban social movements can deploy prefigurative power in combination with other political strategies with which it is often contrasted and opposed. To demonstrate, we explore Cape Town's Reclaim the City movement that occupied several inner‐city buildings to create affordable housing for low‐wage Black communities—prefiguring the kind of affordable housing that they were demanding. They developed this strategy iteratively after having tried to play by the rules through litigation and mobilize through protest. When those approaches failed to shift decision makers, they tried to prefigure their goal for housing through occupation. Prefiguration offered distinctive strategic advantages: it helped demonstrate that affordable housing was possible and provided direct relief for people facing housing stress. These advantages not only engaged new participants but contributed to new affordable housing commitments from the City of Cape Town and the courts. We show how movement participants understood their prefigurative occupation as part of a constellation of people power strategies and suggest that this points towards the potential for prefiguration to be deployed pragmatically as well as ideologically by urban social movements.