Government Power Research Articles

The politics of land management after disasters: the case of post-earthquake reconstruction in Türkiye

PurposeIn this paper, we explore the impact of land management practices on post-disaster housing, to draw lessons from the case of reconstruction in Türkiye.Design/methodology/approachWe conducted two qualitative case studies of two reconstruction experiences following the 2020 Elazığ and İzmir earthquakes. We analyzed 70 articles, technical reports and press releases and then used a set of policy analysis tools to examine five policy documents in depth. Finally, we wanted to understand how key officers interpreted these policy documents, so we closely analyzed the transcripts of eight semi-structured interviews.FindingsTürkiye’s legal framework comprises five main policies that concentrate power in the central government and are not tailored to post-disaster reconstruction. This framework facilitates the construction of rubber-stamped apartment buildings, which disregard cultural and social contexts and practices. The current reconstruction policy neglects alternative options like cooperative housing, which could better respond to communal needs and expectations. It also often leads to the loss of land rights among affected residents.Research limitations/implicationsWe only analyzed decision-making processes in two case studies and based our study on a limited number of interviews. Therefore, it is difficult to generalize our results and apply them to other contexts. Further quantitative and qualitative work is necessary to conceptualize the links between land management and post-disaster housing reconstruction.Practical implicationsOur findings suggest a need for legislative frameworks specifically designed to address land management during post-disaster reconstruction. The concentration of power in central governments is problematic, thus it remains crucial to empower local authorities by reinforcing technical expertise and facilitating administrative autonomy.Originality/valueThis study offers unique insights into how power relations influence land management practices in post-disaster housing reconstruction. Examining the centralization of power and its impact on cultural and social practices identifies common forms of dispossession and points to key areas for policy improvement.

The Path of Rural Social Capital Improvement in China from the Perspective of Planners: A Case Study of Hongtang Village in Yunnan Province

China’s rural areas have long been backward in development, and many villages have completed poverty alleviation with the help of the government. Facing the requirements of sustainable development, it is necessary to change the development path, continuously increase social capital, and effectively connect with government investment resources. The existing research and practice mostly construct the strategy of social capital from the inside of the village, lacking interaction with the superior government. This paper argues for the method of planners’ intervention. The advantage is that it links the power of government and villagers, creates a perceptible, experiential, valuable material environment, and promotes collective action. Through this process, the knowledge interaction and social relations in the village can be improved. The purpose of this paper is to study how participatory planning affects the content and mechanism of this process mentioned above. Taking Hongtang village as a case study, we analyze the in-depth changes that participatory planning has brought to the rural space and social level. In the participatory planning practice of Hongtang village, college rural planners took a small vegetable garden as the breakthrough point to stimulate villagers’ participation. In the process of the upgrade, planners evolved the interaction between the village committee and villagers in the path of IMEE, which is “Intervene, Motivate, Enable, Empower”. Moreover, planners always maintained contact with the higher-level government. Through the upgrade of small vegetable gardens, the villagers’ initiative was brought into practice, the social capital was fully explored, and an effective link with the government’s resource allocation was realized.

Economic globalisation, relative power, and post-cold war democratisation

This article discusses the effects of economic openness on the relative power and domestic regimes of the Cold War non-democracies (CWND). Rapid growth strengthens their national competitiveness, which may offset the external democratic pressure of the West. In this way, economic globalisation may obstruct worldwide democratisation. Based on panel data from 1992 to 2022, this study applies a two-equation model to prove that economic openness has mild but significantly positive effects on the power of the CWND and that the relative power has adverse effects on their democracy level. Thus, globalisation does not necessarily lead to democracy. Furthermore, the democratic recession reflects the decline of Western power in nature, which allows non-Western states to sustain their regimes. Under this condition, the inconsistent approach adopted by the West in regime imposition may exacerbate the delegitimation of Western democracy.

Либерализм как предпосылка биополитики: концепт М. Фуко и российско-советская практика в контексте теории политического отчуждения

Michel Foucault posed the problem of analyzing state interest (hereinafter referred to as GI) and finding ways to limit it. To solve the problem, he formulated the starting premises: orthodoxy (in religion) and loyalty (in politics) are not the norms of religious and state life; the state is not a transhistorical phenomenon, and its interests are not supra-individual; therefore, revolutions (and not stability) are the norm of state existence. In order to substantiate these premises, Foucault developed cognitive means: the denial of universals and the formulation of the problem of possible history; nominalistic definition of GI; criticism of the current economic, military-diplomatic and police forms of implementation of the GI; fixing the contrast between the foreign and domestic policies of states; qualification of law, political economy and truth as ways to limit GI and necessary prerequisites for biopolitics. These also include liberalism. In the course of lectures “The Birth of Biopolitics,” Foucault considers liberalism as the basis of a new art of government. As part of this art, he discovered and analyzed a specific problem-conceptual structure: the relationship between moderate governance and the market; transition from jurisdiction to verification; mode of truth; the difference between government and state interests; the relationship between law and truth; political critique of knowledge; police state; ways to limit government power; concepts of law; modern state mind. The purpose of the article is to summarize Foucault’s conclusions about the main elements of this structure and pose the problem of their application to explaining the preconditions of Russian-Soviet biopolitics in the context of the theory of political alienation.

Diskursus Pembatasan Kekuasaan di Indonesia Dalam Perspektif Konstitusi dan Konstitusionalisme

The purpose of this research is to describe the constitution as the most important legal document. The constitution is a very important rule for every nation and state, both those that have been independent for a long time and those that have just gained their independence. Because the state is an organization of power that includes a very large number of people, it is necessary to have a system of control (an effective system of restrictions). This is done through law (both written and unwritten, namely the constitution or basic laws). This research method is legal research. This article is the result of research on the issue of limiting the power of state government in terms of the constitution and the underlying constitutionalism. The discourse regarding limiting power is an integral part in countries that base themselves on constitutional democracy, such as the Republic of Indonesia, where the constitution actually acts as an instrument or means for regulating and controlling power.The idea that government power needs to be limited because the State is run by humans and that humans are without exception inherent in many weaknesses. His proposition which later became famous reads as follows: "humans who have power tend to abuse that power, but humans who have unlimited power will certainly abuse it in an unlimited way (power tends to corrupt, but absolute power corrupts absolutely)

Konsep dan Urgensi Konstitusi dalam Kehidupan Berbangsa dan Bernegara

This study explores the concept and urgency of the constitution in the context of national and state life. The Constitution is a fundamental legal document that provides a framework for the organization and operation of the state, as well as establishing the basic rights of citizens and limits on government power. The constitution also plays an important role in maintaining political stability, ensuring justice, and protecting human rights. The urgency of the constitution is reflected in its function as a basis for the supremacy of law, promoting national unity, and balancing power between state institutions. This study identifies that a good understanding of the constitution is important for the success of a democratic system and the sustainable development of a country.

To be upper caste/to be a victim

ABSTRACT By treating the upper caste as an ethnographic category, this article shows what an endeavour of flipping the ethnographic gaze away from Dalits and onto the upper caste looks like. In studying upper caste victimhood, this article sees how being a victim acts as an important tool of mobilization and collectivization among upper castes. In interweaving cultural analysis and ethnography, I engage the complex relationship between regimes of affect, power, and caste as they implicate the production of a twisted, weaponized form of vulnerability. When contemporary Indian politics is saturated with narratives of upper caste pain, which thereby stand as a testimony to what it means to be a human, I understand upper caste affect via their wound to highlight the simultaneity of upper caste's humanity and their inhumanity. I argue that we should take seriously and examine upper caste ‘woundedness' as it helps us better understand the embodied nature of caste and its relationship with violence. In doing so, I re-create modes of citation and knowledge production using a language which doesn’t imagine the marginalized body to hold the burden of doing the work of pain, trauma, and violence.

How Does Neoliberalism Form Our Lifes? A Praxeological Approach with Jaeggi and Foucault

ABSTRACT Michel Foucault’s work has immensely enriched the way critical social theorists understand power. Beyond his work on disciplinary normalisation, Foucault’s genealogy of the modern state has discussed governmental power as the conduct of conduct of subjects and populations. Foucault reserves his understanding of norms and normalisation for explaining the prescriptive force of disciplinary power. Accordingly, he hardly uses the language of norms to explain how neoliberal policies interfere in social conduct. In this paper, I aim to elucidate what kind of normative intervention neoliberal governmentality encompasses. By mobilising Rahel Jaeggi’s understanding of forms of life as ensembles of normatively imbued social practices, I suggest that neoliberal governmentality introduces the rationality of market competition into the problem-solving horizon of social conduct, thereby creating and instituting a “neoliberal form of life”. Hence, I argue that neoliberal governmentality is a form of domination that intervenes in ethical norms and social practices that build everyday forms of life.

The power of governance: unraveling the influence of voluntary disclosure on bank’s value in Pakistan

PurposeThis study aims to examine the influence of voluntary disclosure on bank value in Pakistan, considering the moderating effect of corporate governance characteristics: ownership control, board independence and board size.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses data from 20 listed Pakistani banks for the period 2011–2021. The estimation contains robust fixed effect and its assumptions, and a model of standard error with panel corrections.FindingsThe findings revealed a weak positive impact of voluntary disclosure on bank value. However, the increase in the number of independent directors strengthens the positive impact of voluntary disclosure on a bank’s value. Conversely, increasing the ownership concentration, and board size (other than independent directors) may strongly decrease the impact of voluntary disclosure on a bank’s value in Pakistan.Research limitations/implicationsThe study’s limitations include its exclusive focus on the Pakistani banking industry. Future research should take into account newer contexts and data. The findings suggest that future research should investigate the topic in various contexts, including a comparison of Islamic and conventional banks.Practical implicationsThe practical implications for Pakistani banks emphasize transparency, board composition and ownership structure. In terms of managerial implications, using independent directors, aligning ownership interests and addressing disclosure challenges are highlighted.Originality/valueFocusing on independent directors, ownership concentration and board size, this study enhances knowledge of the impact of voluntary disclosure on bank value in Pakistan. It contributes to agency theory and the literature in this domain.

Rough neutron fields and nuclear reactor noise.

Nuclear reactor cores achieve sustained fission chain reactions through the so-called "critical state"-a subtle equilibrium between their material properties and their geometries. Observed at macroscopic scales during operations, the resulting stationary neutron field is tainted by a noise term that hinders various fluctuations occurring at smaller scales. These fluctuations are either of a stochastic nature (whenever the core is operated at low power) or related to various perturbations and vibrations within the core, even operated in its power regime. For reasons that are only partially understood using linear noise theory, incidental events have been reported, characterized by an increase of the power noise. Such events of power noise growth, sometimes up to seemingly unbounded levels, have already led in the past to voluntary scramming of reactors. In this paper, we will use a statistical field theory of critical processes to model the effects of neutron power noise. We will show that the evolution of the neutron field in a reactor is intimately connected to the dynamic of surface growths given by the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation. Recent numerical results emerging from renormalization-group approaches will be used to calculate a threshold in the amplitude of the reactor noise above which the core enters a new criticality state, and to estimate the critical exponents characterizing this phase transition to rough neutron fields. The theoretical model of nonlinear noise built in this paper from ab initio statistical mechanics principles will be correlated and compared to data of misunderstood reactor noise levels and reactor instabilities and will be shown to provide both qualitative and quantitative insights into this long-standing issue of reactor physics.

Non-unique detailed constructions of Curzon-Ahlborn cycle on thermodynamic plane

The Curzon-Ahlborn (CA) cycle is a paradigmatic model of endoreversible heat engines, which yields the so-called CA efficiency as the efficiency at maximum power. Due to the arbitrariness of the relationship between the steady temperature and the time taken for the isothermal process of the CA cycle, the constructions of the CA cycle on the thermodynamic plane are not unique. Here, we give some of the detailed constructions of the CA cycle on the thermodynamic plane, using an ideal gas as a working substance. It is shown that these constructions are equal to each other in the maximum power regime in the sense that they achieve the best trade-off between the work and the inverse cycle-time, known as the Pareto front in multi-objective optimization problems.

Factors Determining the Greater Participation of Women in Local Government Presidential Elections in Poland

The issue of women’s representation in the bodies of executive power in Polish local government is generating increasing interest in the context of women’s activity in local politics. The purpose of the publication is to explain the reasons affecting the low representation of women in local presidential elections. The author answers the question of the low representation of women in mayoral elections and examines whether existing stereotypes about the role of women in society are the main barrier affecting the decision to run in these local government elections. Are there also other reasons that hinder running for the city’s executive body? With the research questions posed in this way, the author aims not only to initiate a discussion on women’s participation in local government bodies, but also to determine the reasons for their underrepresentation and to identify effective methods of counteracting this phenomenon once the barriers are identified.

Эволюция репрессивной политики большевиков в 1920–1924 гг. на примере Кубано–Черноморской области

The change of power in October 1917 in Russia led to an increase in confrontation in society, ex-pressed both in an open military conflict - the Civil War, and in the growth of political radicalism. Any government in relation to its opponents - in this case, counter-revolutionaries, conspirators, rebels - reserves the right to use legal violence, which reflects one of the main functions of the state. The problem of red terror, like white terror, in turn, is at the intersection of the concepts of law and lawlessness, since they were carried out by the state in the form of lynchings and repris-als, which included innocent citizens. The V All-Russian Congress of Soviets ensured the legaliza-tion of the legal policy of the Bolsheviks. The regime of power established in October 1917 passed into the status of legitimate, and the formed state bodies received the right to legally implement all functions available to the state, including receiving a monopoly on violence. The problems of the transition period from war communism to NEP, accompanied by extra-legal methods, mani-fested themselves most clearly in the Cossack south of Soviet Russia, which differed in class, na-tional composition and special land use conditions.

Konsep dan Urgensi Konstitusi dalam Kehidupan Berbangsa dan Bernegara

Indonesia is known as a state of law, as stated in its constitution. This shows that state administration in Indonesia is not solely based on power. A state cannot be formed without a constitution. The constitution is an essential element in the constitutional structure that must exist and cannot be separated. The function of the constitution is to regulate government power so as not to exceed its limits, in order to protect the rights of citizens. The method used in this research is a library research method sourced from journals. The results and conclusions of this study are the reasons for the need for a constitution in the life of the nation and state, historical, sociological, and political sources of the constitution in the life of the nation and state in Indonesia, arguments about the dynamics and challenges of the constitution in the life of the nation and state in Indonesia, the essence and urgency of the constitution in the life of the nation and state, conclusions about the constitution, civic practice.

Whither the Centre? Tracing Centralisation and Fragmentation in UK Politics

This article explores the question of how to conceptualise the location, capacity and effectiveness of the ‘centre’ in the UK policymaking process. While the literature on UK governance has historically featured avid disagreements about the power and capacity of central government, we identify a more recent convergence around the idea that the UK government is characterised by persistent centralisation of decision making alongside a fragmentation of policy delivery and frontline capacity. Through a detailed review of UK governance debates, we trace the development of two, seemingly contradictory, schools of thought: the centralisation school and the fragmentation school. We then identify an emerging consensus which recognises a continuous and uneven centripetal–centrifugal dynamic and the concurrence of both centralisation and fragmentation. We contend that changes to the British political context following the 2016 European Union referendum buttress the claim that UK politics is shaped by twin processes of centralisation and fragmentation, reinforcing tensions between a centre that desires power and a range of forces eroding its capacity to deliver. Our overall contention is that the notion of ‘power without capacity’ effectively captures the contemporary character of the ‘centre’.

Thermoeconomic optimization with a dissipation cost

Abstract From a finite-time thermodynamics perspective, a thermoeconomic analysis of a Novikov model employing a linear heat transfer law is carried out. A new component in the cost function is proposed to examine its relationship with waste management while operating in the maximum power, ecological, and efficient power regimes. The methodology consists of optimizing the profit function by including our new waste management cost function, leveraging the same method used by DeVos (“Endoreversible thermoeconomics,” Energy Convers. Manage., vol. 36, pp. 1–5, 1995) and Pacheco et al. (“Thermoeconomic optimization of an irreversible novikov plant model under different regimes of performance,” Entropy, vol. 19, p. 118, 2017). Searching for the optimal thermoeconomic efficiencies for the ecological case a novel numerical method developed by the corresponding author (A. M. Ares de Parga-Regalado, “Analytical approximation of optimal thermoeconomic efficiencies for a novikov engine with a Stefan–Boltzmann heat transfer law,” Results Phys., 2023) is used. Analytical expressions for the optimal efficiencies are obtained, and the impact of the proposed term on these values is investigated.

KEPUASAN PELAKSAAAN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT INDONESIA POWER SURALAYA: BAGENDUNG ESENSI

PLN Indonesia Power Suralaya PGU is an example of a public organizational entity in the form of state representation in corporate form. As a corporation, this company is not only profit-oriented but also thinks about the benefits for society. In carrying out corporate actions, PT PLN Indonesia Suralaya PGU will definitely interact with community activities that have the potential for conflict if not maintained properly. These activities can be in harmony with community activities, but it is also undeniable that they are very likely to cause conflict with the community. The community development work program is structured based on opportunities and challenges, problems that exist in the area where problem empowerment is located. Bagendung Village, Cilegon City, was chosen because there is already a Final Waste Disposal Site (TPSA) in collaboration between the Cilegon City government and PT PLN Indonesia Power Suralaya PGU which is managed as Kampeng Energi because Bagendung TPSA is processed into electrical energy. TPSA Sampah Bagendung manages waste into fuel for the Suralaya Steam Power Plant (PLTU). In conclusion, the majority of the Bagendung Essence Program is able to have an impact on increasing welfare for beneficiaries and provides positive benefits for very capable beneficiaries as much as 90 percent, only 10 percent answered that they are able and none at all answered that they are less capable or unable to provide positive benefits for recipients. benefit.

System Lag: Re-Building the Collective Governance of Information Technology

Building on the history of how information technology (IT) and information systems (IS) are governed in higher education, this article situates the adoption and implementation of information technology in relation to the on-going corporatisation of the university ??? a trend entailing both the growth of the administrative cadre and a reduction in power of collegial governance. Tracing the appropriation of processes and concepts from the study and implementation of IS in the private sector, it is argued that the adoption of IS has supported new technology in a manner that evades formalised collective deliberation and decision-making on campus. In the conclusion, it is argued that the history of collegial IT governance ‐ now mostly forgotten ‐ should be recovered with the aim of developing an effective mechanism for the sharing of information about, and development of an effective strategy for responding to, how new technologies affect the varied constituencies present on campus.

A comprehensive power quality assessment method based on data envelopment analysis method and mutation decision-making

Abstract As the construction of new power systems continues to advance, integrating a high percentage of new energy sources into the grid and the massive application of power electronic equipment brings serious power quality problems. At the same time, power quality assessment is the basis for solving power quality problems. A comprehensive power quality assessment method combining data envelopment analysis and mutation decision-making is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a power quality governance efficiency model using data envelopment analysis is constructed. Secondly, a power quality assessment method is proposed, combining governance results and mutation decision-making. Finally, the efficiency value and power quality value of each assessment point are obtained to realize the governance efficiency and power quality ranking of the assessment points. The example results prove the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Inequalities in the Cape Flats: Principals’ perspectives on children’s schooling

Background: A separate, apartheid system of schooling in South Africa entrenched European racialised ideologies of white supremacy that left a legacy of social, economic, and educational inequalities. The 1995 White Paper for Education, the 1996 South African Schools Act, and the Revised National Curriculum Statement outlined steps for equalising education. However, inequalities within the schooling system remain.Aim: The study aimed to understand how principals experience the lasting effects of apartheid-era segregationist policies in primary schools and to document principals’ solutions.Setting: A meeting of principals who work at primary schools in the Western Cape province.Methods: Researchers purposively sampled four principals from the primary schools represented at the meeting, conducted semi-structured interviews with the principals chosen, and adopted an interpretive approach to analyse findings.Results: This study finds from principals’ perspectives that neighbourhood gang violence, and highly unequal funding for schools in different neighbourhoods adversely impact primary school children’s education and principals’ abilities to lead as a result of context, overcrowding and inequality. Principals note that when parent-led programmes such as the Walking Bus produce a positive effect, the government tends to undercut parents’ efforts to work with principals to secure and equalise young children’s schooling.Conclusion: Giving greater governance power to parents and principals may help to equalise the extremes of inequalities in primary schools remaining from Nationalist Party policies of the pre-1994 apartheid era.Contribution: This study contributes to primary school principals’ ideas for improving primary schoolchildren’s education.