Power Quality Analysis Research Articles

Power Quality Analysis of Six Phase Indirect Matrix Converter Based on Multi Phase Generator

Nowadays, multiphase machine drives are considered in many applications, especially for medium and highpower applications. This paper focuses on the topology of the six to three phase (hexaphase) indirect matrix converter (IMC). The matrix converter (MC) is designed based on twelve bidirectional switches for the rectifier stage and six single switches for the inverter stage. It is interfaced to a high-performance, fault-tolerant multiphase permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) on one side and to the grid on the other side. In the literature, the most common MCs are of the three-phase type and papers on multiple input converters (N>3) are not common. This paper deals with all possible configurations of SVM that can be deduced in a hexaphase MC to determine the modulation indexes and then to assess the VTR (Voltage Transfer Ratio). Simulations are performed on a pure inductive load and THD analysis are performed on the input currents of the MC to show the impact of the studied configurations on the system.

Electrical Energy Auditing And Enhanchment of Power System at Basbari Water Treatment Plant, Kathmandu

The water treatment plant (WTP) employs a variety of electrical machines and utilities, making it an intensive energy consumption plant. In this study, an energy audit was conducted on the Basbari WTP in Kathmandu, Nepal to identify the hotspots that consume most of the energy in the plant and recommend solutions for energy-efficient operation. A power quality analyzer was used to analyze the energy consumption patterns of electrical parameters and data from the electricity authority. The study found that transmission pumps and backwash/makeup pumps consume 77% and 6% of the energy, respectively. Efficient utilization of pump motors could result in an annual cost savings of NRS 160,954.81 from transmission pumps, backwash pumps, and make pumps. The payback period for light replacement and installation of a capacitor bank is 2.16 years and 1.95 years, respectively.

A Novel Methodology for Classifying Electrical Disturbances Using Deep Neural Networks

Electrical power quality is one of the main elements in power generation systems. At the same time, it is one of the most significant challenges regarding stability and reliability. Due to different switching devices in this type of architecture, different kinds of power generators as well as non-linear loads are used for different industrial processes. A result of this is the need to classify and analyze Power Quality Disturbance (PQD) to prevent and analyze the degradation of the system reliability affected by the non-linear and non-stationary oscillatory nature. This paper presents a novel Multitasking Deep Neural Network (MDL) for the classification and analysis of multiple electrical disturbances. The characteristics are extracted using a specialized and adaptive methodology for non-stationary signals, namely, Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD). The methodology’s design, development, and various performance tests are carried out with 28 different difficulties levels, such as severity, disturbance duration time, and noise in the 20 dB to 60 dB signal range. MDL was developed with a diverse data set in difficulty and noise, with a quantity of 4500 records of different samples of multiple electrical disturbances. The analysis and classification methodology has an average accuracy percentage of 95% with multiple disturbances. In addition, it has an average accuracy percentage of 90% in analyzing important signal aspects for studying electrical power quality such as the crest factor, per unit voltage analysis, Short-term Flicker Perceptibility (Pst), and Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), among others.

Power Quality Measurement Results for a Configurable Urban Low-Voltage DC Microgrid

The growing use of renewable energy sources and sustainable technologies has increased the attractiveness of low-voltage DC distribution grids. Despite initial research and standardization work, the definition of power quality (PQ) issues and their related compatibility levels in DC grids and the related measurement techniques remain in their infancy. The lack of available measurement results obtained in real-world situations is a major shortcoming. In this paper, the results of a measurement campaign obtained in a configurable bipolar 350 V/700 V DC microgrid in an urban environment are presented. Voltage and current signals were registered continuously at different positions in the microgrid with a sampling rate of 500 kSa/s while changing the configuration of the microgrid; the resulting data were analyzed afterwards, with a focus on DC voltage and current variation, ripple, and spectral analysis. The measurements were taken with custom-designed metrology-sound measurement equipment. The measurement results provide input to the development of DC PQ analysis tools and the standardization of DC PQ measurement methods. Furthermore, the experience obtained will be beneficial for utility companies and regulatory authorities for reliable planning-level and compatibility-level surveys.

Analysis of an Actively Energized 11/0.415 kV Distribution Transformer Using Power Quality and Energy Analyzer

Analysis of an Actively Energized 11/0.415 kV Distribution Transformer Using Power Quality and Energy Analyzer

Power quality monitoring and analysis of aerodrome supply system: A study in Gautam Buddha International Airport, Nepal

The power supply system may contain disturbances leading to variations in voltage and frequency from their nominal value, non-sinusoidal waveform injection, presence of negative and zero sequence components, etc. Power quality is a measure of characteristic disturbances present in the power supply which ensures the importance of quality of service and consumer requirements. Electrical equipment installed in an aerodrome is more sensitive and prone to disturbance present at the power supply end. This study provides results of a theoretical power flow study, power quality monitoring, quality analysis, and probable remedies for power quality issues in an aerodrome electrical supply system in Nepal. Power quality measurement for supply from the utility here, Nepal Electricity Authority, and internal power generations in Gautam Buddha International Airport (GBIA) Siddharthanagar, Rupandehi, Nepal is performed by using theoretical load flow approach and continuous monitoring using a power data analyzer. The scope and origin of various disturbances which may induce power quality issues are analyzed. It is observed that the power supply at GBIA has voltage fluctuations of about ±12% and total voltage harmonic distortion of 6.5% with the presence of negative and zero sequence components. A remedial solution for the power quality problem is proposed for future enhancement of the electrical supply system at GBIA.

Harmonic injection of domestic nonlinear loads in Ghana's power distribution system: analysis and mitigation using a low-cost notch filter

Due to global efforts to save energy, digital light processing (DLP) and direct view televisions (DVTVs) are being replaced by energy-efficient liquid crystal display (LCD) and light emitting diode (LED) televisions. However, these energy-efficient appliances cause harmonics to be injected into the power distribution system, posing a threat to power quality. This study investigates the harmonics generated by common domestic appliances, particularly LCD and LED TVs used in homes in Ghana. Field harmonic measurements were taken using a C.A. 8335 Power Quality Analyzer at a selected facility and were then replicated in a simulation using MATLAB/SIMULINK to model the facility's area network capacity of 100-kVA, 11kV/433V. The study proposes a notch filter as a harmonic mitigation technique, which is integrated into the simulation design and found to be effective at reducing total harmonic distortion current to 0.05 % when applied in parallel to nonlinear loads. The study also compares the harmonic distortion generated by LED TVs and LCD TVs, finding that both types generate high levels of distortion.

Design and Implementation of Hardware in the Loop Simulation Test Platform for Photovoltaic Inverter

In order to ensure the performance and safety of photovoltaic grid connected inverter, based on hardware in the loop simulation technology, the design and implementation of photovoltaic grid connected inverter simulation and test platform are discussed. The system structure, principle and main functions of the platform are introduced. The simulation and test platform is composed of simulation and monitoring computer, simulation and measurement interface device, programmable power supply and test instruments. In the platform, the programmable DC power supply, the programmable AC power supply and RLC load is used to simulate the characteristics of solar panels, power grid and load respectively. The test process is controlled by LabWindows/CVI software interface, and the test data collection is completed through power quality analyser, power analyser, oscilloscope and simulation and measurement interface device. The simulation test software completes the data analysis and realizes the full-automatic detection of the grid connected inverter. The established hardware in the loop simulation test platform of photovoltaic grid connected inverter has the ability to conduct comprehensive test and detection of photovoltaic grid connected system, which can be used to verify and evaluate the photovoltaic inverter before it is connected to the power grid.

Harmonic Characteristics and Negative Sequence Analysis of Regenerative Braking for High-speed Railway

Background: The traction power supply system (TPSS) of railways mainly focuses on power quality analysis. In the study of harmonic and negative order currents, about 80% of the literature analysis are not specific enough， there is a lack of completeness in the simulation system. Objective: Analyze the influence of harmonic and negative current sequences of TPSS on the system circuit, and realize intelligent recognition for different working conditions. Methods: The converter is designed based on the transient direct current control technology and the harmonic model of grid-side regenerative braking is established. According to the parameters of CRH2 (CRH380AL) locomotive, the EMU model is built and run in the TPSS for joint simulation. The availability of the model is verified by combining the harmonic content and voltage level. Then, the distribution of negative sequence current under the no-load, traction and regenerative braking conditions of the system is analyzed in detail, and the negative sequence characteristic waveform under various conditions is obtained, so as to obtain the variation law of negative sequence current under different conditions. Results: Under the regenerative braking condition, the current harmonic distortion is much higher than that under the traction condition. From the analysis of voltage and current phase, the power factor of regenerative braking is also small. In the negative sequence analysis, the tip negative sequence current impact phenomenon occurs mostly during the traction operation of the train, while the current impact effect is weakened during regenerative braking, but the amplitude of the negative sequence fluctuation shows an increasing trend. Conclusion: The energy generated by regenerative braking will be utilized by the locomotive under traction, and these bad electric energy forms will have extremely adverse effects on the process of high-speed train receiving and changing current. These negative sequence analysis results can be used to identify and classify different working conditions and divide and conquer energy compensation actions to achieve energy saving and consumption reduction.

Power Quality Issue, Solution and Analysis: DFIG

Abstract: Nowadays, the wind energy running cost is the cheapest renewable electrical energy. This study describes different static power converters for a doubly fed induction generator that are based on power quality solutions (DFIG). The latest isolated & grid-connected converter employed like AC-DC-AC bidirectional converter is used for active and reactive power compensation, without dc-link AC-AC converter for voltage swell and swag, Multilevel inverter for voltage improvement, and facts devices such as D-STATCOM, UPQC, UPS, STATCOM, SDVR mitigatory for the power quality problem. Various topologies are discussed for mitigation of power quality through the grid code. On the other hand, various controllers joined to the power electronics converter play an important role in solving sag, swell harmonics, flicker, noise, spinning reverse, and so on. This paper investigates various power converters and an electronic controller for DFIG. At the end, different power quality indices and problems are discussed for faulty operating conditions.

Identification of Energy Saving Potential Through Energy Audit at PT. ABC

Increasing energy efficiency is one of the most important functions for reducing energy costs as well as production costs. One way to reduce the use of electrical energy consumption is by saving energy. This study aims to determine how much energy savings at PT ABC through an energy audit. An energy audit is carried out with two main activities, namely identifying the profile of patterns of electricity use and analysis of power quality. The results of the analysis are then expected to be the basis for knowing the potential for energy savings and energy conservation in the industry. The method used in this study begins with field observations, measurements of electrical systems, and measurements of production machines and production support equipment. Based on some data, both primary data and secondary data, an analysis is carried out through calculations to determine potential energy-saving opportunities. The main energy source used at PT. ABC is from PLN with 1 subscription to a 3-phase system with an installed power of 197 kVA. Energy use or consumption for a year is 804,279.97 kWh. Opportunities for energy savings through energy audits that have been carried out are expected to have an impact on the company, namely energy cost savings of IDR 137,344,162 per year

A Comprehensive Review of Deep-Learning Applications to Power Quality Analysis

Power quality (PQ) monitoring and detection has emerged as an essential requirement due to the proliferation of sensitive power electronic interfacing devices, electric vehicle charging stations, energy storage devices, and distributed generation energy sources in the recent smart grid and microgrid scenarios. Even though, to date, the traditional approaches play a vital role in providing a solution to the above issue, the limitations, such as the requirement of significant human effort and not being scalable for large-scale power systems, force us to think of alternative approaches. Looking at a better perspective, deep-learning (DL) has gained the main attraction for various researchers due to its inherent capability to classify the data by extracting dominating and prominent features. This manuscript attempts to provide a comprehensive review of PQ detection and classification based on DL approaches to explore its potential, efficiency, and consistency to produce results accurately. In addition, this state-of-the-art review offers an overview of the novel concepts and the step-by-step method for detecting and classifying PQ events. This review has been presented categorically with DL approaches, such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs), autoencoders, and recurrent neural networks (RNNs), to analyze PQ data. This paper also highlights the challenges and limitations of using DL for PQ analysis, and identifies potential areas for future research. This review concludes that DL algorithms have shown promising PQ detection and classification results, and could replace traditional methods.

Modeling and simulation of power quality detection for tidal current power generation based on HHT

On the basis of summarizing the characteristics of tidal current power generation and power quality analysis methods at home and abroad, this paper comprehensively analyzes the power quality problems existing in tidal current power generation, and Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT) is finally applied to detect and analyze the issues. Using MATLAB to establish the simulation model, and the analysis algorithm of power quality in frequency domain and time domain is focused. The simulation results of single disturbances and some mixed disturbances show that this method has good adaptability to the non-stationary and multi-disturbance characteristics of tidal power generation.

Optimization Technique for Renewable Energy Storage Systems for Power Quality Analysis with Connected Grid

Power quality is the main problem with the power system network. Poor electricity quality may cause disruptions and financial challenges for consumers. Additionally, it could cause electronic gadgets to overheat, be damaged, or operate inadvertently. Transformers and other components of the power distribution system may also overheat and experience core saturation. This study investigates potential problems with the quality of the electricity in a photovoltaic linked power system. This paper suggests a new optimization method for day-ahead trading and control in DC microgrid power management (MG). The goal of the multiobjective optimization dispatch (MOOD) problem is to lower overall operational costs as well as the costs associated with power loss in efficient conservation systems and exhaust emission quantities such as nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide, and carbon dioxide. Using the weighted sum approach, the multiobjective optimization problem is reduced to a single optimization problem. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method is then used to calculate the weight coefficients while accounting for each objective function’s preferences. Power balancing, high levels of renewable energy penetration, the most effective scheduling of battery charging and discharging, control of load curtailment, and the technical limitations of the system are all taken into account when evaluating the system’s performance in both grid-connected and standalone operation modes. The ant lion optimizer (ALO) technique is taken into account to tackle MOOD, comparing the effectiveness of the proposed method to other well-known heuristic optimization techniques. The simulation’s results demonstrate how effectively the proposed strategy can address the coordinated control and optimization dispatch difficulties. They also found that operating the MG system economically in grid-connected mode can save overall costs by roughly 4.70% compared to doing it in independent mode.

Inductively coupled distributed static compensator for power quality analysis of distribution networks

<span lang="EN-US">In this research paper, an inductively coupled distributed static compensator (IC-DSTATCOM) for three phase three wire (3P3W) electric power distribution system (EPDS) is proposed. The contraction of power quality (PQ) was marked as a perilous droop mode bump into direct coupled distributed static compensator (DC-DSTATCOM). To regain the PQ, inductive coupling transformer is assisted in conjunction with DC-DSTATCOM. The system equivalent circuit of IC-DSTATCOM is accomplished by take into account of impedance of both transformer and DC-DSTATCOM to reveal the filtering technique. The filtering </span><em><span lang="EN-US">icos</span><span lang="EN-US">∅</span></em><span lang="EN-US"> mechanism is performed by following the generalized mathematical approach using MATLAB/Simulink. A case education is reviewed in detail to illustrate the performance of both DC-DSTATCOM and IC-DSTATCOM. The IC-DSTATCOM is amplified healthier as compared to other in terms of harmonics shortening, good power factor, load balancing, and potential regulation. To examine the effectiveness, simulation outputs of the IC-DSTATCOM with different PQ parameter indices are presented by following the benchmark measure of IEEE-2030-7-2017 and IEC-61000-1 system code.</span>

Power Quality Analysis of Fuzzy DVR based Hybrid Solar PV-PEMFC System Under Severe Disturbance

Hybrid Energy System (HES) is becoming popular as it is identified as the most safe, sustainable, and long-term option for energy management. The grid-connected power network is vulnerable to frequent interruptions, which can lead to instability and a huge blackout. Furthermore, the presence of switching devices in industrial and domestic applications causes disturbances such as voltage swell/sag, waveform distortion, interruptions, impulsive voltage, and so on. Dynamic voltage restorer, known as a modern power compensating device, is cost effective, compact in size and can handle more energy capacity than DTSATCOM and UPFC. Hence for addressing the power quality issues in hybrid solar photovoltaic (PV)-proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) system, dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) has been designed in this paper. As the fuzzy logic technique can provide flexible solutions in the case of uncertainty, fuzzy logic-based controller has also been employed with DVR to regulate the firing pulses of a PWM generator. Based on the simulation results obtained using fast fourier transform (FFT) analysis in MATLAB/Simulink, the dynamic performance of HES against the most important contingency condition or three phase faults is analyzed in detail. Further, the impact of DVR on power quality improvement under severe fault has also been demonstrated in this research work. On analyzing the total harmonic distortion (THD) values of HES under heavy disturbances, the fuzzy controlled dynamic voltage regulator (FCDVR) is identified as an efficient control mechanism for enhancing power quality in grid-connected HES.

Design and Simulation High Pass Filter Second Order and C-Type Filter for Reducing Harmonics as Power Quality Repair Effort in the Automotive Industry

Electrical distribution is one of the most important parameters in industrial processes. Therefore, good power quality is needed as a supply to industrial machines. The use of industrial machines has an impact on the emergence of harmonics. As a result of the large Harmonics, the quality of power is getting worse, affecting productivity in the industry. Therefore, samples were taken using a Power Quality Analyzer on an 800 kVA transformer on the secondary side of the transformer to maximise the supply of electricity to consumers. Then obtained THDi Phase L1 of 23.1%, phase L2 of 24.7% and phase L3 of 21% and IHDi on the 5th order in phase L1 18.3%, phase L2 20.7% and phase L3 16.6% regarding (IEEE Std 3002.8-2018) and (SPLN D5.004-1:2012) the IHDi value should not be more than 7%. Then simulated using MATLAB/Simulink by designing the Second Order High Pass Filter and C-Type Filter. The results obtained by combining the two filters gained THDi results in the L1 phase at 2.53%, the L2 phase at 2.69% and the L3 phase at 2.22% and the IHDi at the 5th order of the L1 phase at 1.48%, the L2 phase 1.62% and L3 phase 1.33%.

Design and implementation of a new adaptive energy management algorithm capable of active and reactive power control for grid-connected PV systems

This paper presents a new adaptive energy management algorithm (AEMA) integrated active and reactive power control (PQ) for single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system. Four possible operating cases of the proposed grid-connected PV system were identified in the study. The AEMA detects possible operating cases of the system. The proposed control algorithm also detects the active and reactive power of the load and the inverter in the PV system operates in filter mode. The proposed control algorithm allows the PV system to generate active and reactive power and provides reactive power support to the grid. The AEMA with PQ algorithm detects that the load demands reactive power and generates reference current signals for the inverter. This study combines the benefits of clean energy generation from PV systems and efforts to improve the quality of power in the grid. A single-phase grid-connected 2.1 kW PV array experimental setup was developed to demonstrate the performance of the proposed control algorithm, and the results were verified with a power quality and energy analyzer.

Development of Large-Scale Green Energy Sources with Grid Integration: Practices and Challenges

Planning and evaluation are crucial for the successful amalgamation power grid and the energy sources that are renewable. The tasks posed by intermittency, variability, and uncertainty of solar and wind generation can affect the power system's operational economics. Therefore, conducting planning and evaluation studies before the actual solar and wind power construction can help identify the maximal integration capacity of the renewable source that are feasible for a specific power grid. The planning should include an analysis on the power systems flexibility and adequacy, that involves the analysis of the resource characteristics, reliability analysis and production simulation. This analysis can help identify the technical and economic challenges of integrating renewable energy sources and provide beneficial plans for independent system operators, investors and government to make operational decisions as well as planning towards an advanced dissemination of renewable power. The design of the electrical system is also essential and should include the analysis of the power flow and its stability, the mode of connection as well as its stability, transmission design, interconnection and power quality analysis. These design considerations ensure the stability and the reliability while integrating renewable energy sources. Future efforts must also take into account technical elements like modelling, methods, and indices used for evaluation that are connected to incorporation planning as well as evaluation. Advances in technology and modelling techniques can help improve the accuracy and reliability of integration planning and evaluation studies, which can help facilitate a higher penetration of renewable power in the power grid.

Analisis Power Quality Sistem Kelistrikan Pada Apartemen Malang City Point

The use of equipment with a high non-linear load causes a decrease in the quality of power (Power Quality) at Malang CityPoint Apartment. Power quality analysis is an important requirement in the electrical system and needs special attention to save energyand costs. Savings can be achieved by reducing or even eliminating losses resulting from the use of non-linear loads. This thesis aims topresent the results of an analysis of power quality conditions at Malang City Point Apartments. This analysis includes voltage, current,voltage and current imbalance, power factor, current THD and measured voltage. The system is designed using Web - Based PowerQuality Meter (PM 5110) as a measurement tool, then the results are analyzed and compared with existing standards to evaluate powerquality in Malang City Point Apartments. Among the various power quality problems measured, it was found that the main problems ofpower quality in Malang City Point Apartments were the occurrence of overvoltages and current harmonic distortion. So it is necessary todo repairs on this to overcome the overvoltage by reducing the operation of equipment that has a large load and repairing neutralconductors. Furthermore, to reduce the system harmonics, it is designed by designing a single tuned passive filter and simulated using theETAP software version 16.0.0