Power Policy Research Articles

The Northeast of England in the era of the Wars of the Roses (using the example of the Paston family)

The subject of the study is the participation of the English small-scale provincial nobility in the events of the Wars of the Roses (1455-1485) and their behavior patterns in the context of a dynastic conflict, using the example of the fate of John Paston from Norfolk County (northeast of England). Special attention is paid to how the relationship between the average nobleman and his neighbors was built, the circle of his acquaintances, the degree of involvement in national politics, personal conflicts and motives. Both the general patterns characteristic of the fate of most representatives of the privileged class of the XV century are considered, as well as the specifics that distinguish the region specifically studied and the personalities of interest to us in comparison with data from other counties (primarily the south-west of England). The main source is the fundamental family archive "Letters of the Pastors", which contains invaluable information on the English history of the period we are interested in. The research is based on the principles of historicism and scientific objectivity and is based on the problem-chronological principle. Analytical, comparative historical and dialectical methods are used in the analysis of historical sources. Due to the fact that the study is built around the biography of a particular person, the events of the epoch we are interested in are considered from the perspective of microhistory. Within the framework of the study, the working hypothesis developed by the author in other articles ("John Trevelyan and the Wars of the Roses", "English provincial Nobility and the Wars of the Roses", "The political struggle of the era of the Wars of the Roses in the light of English parliamentary legislation") on the evolution of the policy of the royal power in relation to the provincial nobility is being tested. At the initial stage of the Wars of the Roses, the Lancastrian party is the first to move to form the ranks of its supporters in the counties, which, using the example of Norfolk, leads to a conflict between John Paston and Lord Molanes, a prominent supporter of the Lancaster dynasty. The fact that Paston did not become an active Yorkist turned into difficulties for him at the next stage, when King Edward IV switched to a policy of reconciliation of warring factions, which is why the nobles, who remained neutral during the conflict, found themselves at enmity with both supporters of the Yorks and former Lancastrians reconciled with the new dynasty.

Political determinants of government transparency: Evidence from open government data initiatives

AbstractThe increasing availability of extensive governmental data, technological advancements, and a rising standard for government openness are encouraging global governments to implement open data initiatives. While some governments are actively adapting to these trends, others remain behind, despite the pressure. This research explores the political and administrative reasons behind these differences. By analyzing how local governments in South Korea handled requests for open data from citizens between 2007 and 2016, the study highlights the importance of political competition and administrative strength in fostering government transparency and effectively addressing citizen data requests. The study assesses open government data based on its scope, time, and quality, finding that higher levels of electoral competition and better administrative capabilities contribute to increased transparency and responsiveness. However, the study's use of a regression discontinuity design reveals that the political party controlling local governments had minimal influence on these factors.Related ArticlesHeo, Inhye. 2013. “The Political Economy of Policy Gridlock in South Korea: The Case of the Lee Myung‐bak Government's Green Growth Policy.” Politics & Policy 41(4): 509–35. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12029.Heo, Inhye. 2022. “Energy Democratization Policy without Democratization of Policy Governance in South Korea: A Participatory Democracy Perspective.” Politics & Policy 50(4): 834–50. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12480.Nam, Aerang, and Christopher M. Weible. 2023. “Examining Experts' Discourse in South Korea's Nuclear Power Policy Making: An Advocacy Coalition Framework Approach to Policy Knowledge.” Politics & Policy 51(2): 201–21. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12522.

THE CHANGES IN ENSURING THE MILITARY SECURITY ACTIONS

The security and military-strategy landscape of countries worldwide is undergoing significant changes. Following these changes, traditional hard power policies have evolved in terms of content and manifestation, giving rise to the concept of a "New cold war." This new approach utilizes information technology, economic actions, and political pressure methods and tactics, significantly decreasing the budget and costs associated with traditional warfare. The new Cold War approach emphasizes the use of new technologies, information space, and political and economic actions. As global defense costs rise, the strategy's content and objectives are constantly evolving. The traditional hard power policy has evolved into a new Cold War. This article will specifically consider the new trends in the changes in military affairs and I will provide my opinion and conclusions. The initial phase of the emerging Cold War is primarily unfolding in the realm of information in cyberspace. It focused on strategically targeting social and political arenas with goal of the weakening the societal and economic structures. The countries around the world view basis of the potential threats as information warfare, psychological operations, economic coercion, internal governance challenges, transnational criminal organizations, and environmental degradation influenced by external factors. In this reason, the military strategy and security policy will prioritize anticipating and preventing risks. The science of security has evolved to focus on potential challenges and risks, regulating development policies to ensure existence. Due to these evolving factors, the field of security has transformed into a science of Security of existence, with a greater emphasis on anticipating challenges and risks and shaping development policies.

CONTINUITY IN POLITICAL AUTHORITY OF THE PRC: FEATURES OF THE FIRST GENERATION FOREIGN POLICY

The issue of succession to political power in the People's Republic of China is a frequently discussed topic in academic research. The fifth generation of Chinese power, the Xi Jinping administration, without opposing the political views of previous generations, continues its political course adhering to the basic foreign policy principles since the time of Mao Zedong. Therefore, the issue of continuity of China's foreign policy concepts is of particular interest. The main goal of the work is to consider the conceptual foundations of the foreign policy of the first generation of Chinese power and its evolution of development associated with changes in international relations of that time. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that foreign policy concepts formed during the time of Mao Zedong create optimal conditions for rationalizing the foreign policy of today's China. Objectives include assessing certain historical events in Chinese foreign policy and diplomacy and determining how they influenced the subsequent development of Chinese foreign policy. The research topic was considered based on the theory of political realism using methods of historical-comparative, structural, content analysis, and systematization methods. These methods helped to consider the problem and systematize the research results comprehensively. The results of the study provide an opportunity to deeply understand the issues of succession of Chinese political power and China's current foreign policy positions in a historical context. In addition, the results of the study can be widely used in research in the field of international relations, political science, Chinese studies, and history.

A medical language for climate discourse

Innovative communication theories propose that we understand messages not by decoding their meaning but by inferring what speakers intend to express. However scientifically accurate the messages climate scientists have put forward, the appropriate inferences may not have been drawn by most of their audiences. One of the main reasons may be that scientific metaphors allow for multiple interpretations, yet, because of their expressive power, they impact discourses disproportionately. Climate communication took a path of euphemistic scientific expressions partially due to the noble scientific norms of self-restraint and modesty, but the hidden implications of climate jargon distort the way non-experts think about the heating climate. Consequently, the current climate jargon hinders informed decisions about Earth’s life support systems. Changing the softened expressions of climate language, from the cool of basic research to the heat and compassion of medical contexts, may allow for more productive public and political debates – which may lead to more powerful policy solutions. Speaking and thinking in medical terms could turn the perception of worst case scenarios from hypotheticals or doomism to life-saving interventions. We typically start reducing fever before it gets out of control, let alone crosses a threshold of potential death. Instead of putting on a positivist mascara, a calm and serious discussion of safety measures in medical terms, for example, talking about climatic tipping cascades as metastases, could foster a more honest evaluation of the required legal and regulatory steps to keep our home planet habitable.

Integrated Passive Anti-Islanding Protection in Micro Grid

In last two decades due to major interest amongst power system engineers and policy makers penetration of different distributed energy resources (DREs) into power distribution network are significantly increased. Integration of DREs with conventional power grid is a complex issue and will impose some challenges against power engineers. The major challenge is protection of micro grid, which is based on how your protection strategies distinguish islanding and non islanding conditions correctly and timely. Methods used for have strengths and limitations in the areas like speed, accuracy, power quality and Non detection islanding zone. The prime motive of this research is to presents an efficient new integrated anti-islanding protection strategy using passive parameters. The proposed algorithm having a novel islanding detection technique, which discriminate the islanding events from the non islanding events of similar signature accurately with minimum non detection zone and minimum impact on power quality. The proposed strategy is the combination of different conventional and latest passive relays based on single and multiple parameters. Integration of different relays made in such a strategic way that it combines the strengths and benefits of each method and minimizes their limitations. The presented algorithm tested under MATLAB/SIMULINK environment in different network conditions. Finally, the efficiency of the algorithm has checked by testing it on standard microgrid structure. The results received from simulation confirmed that algorithm is detecting islanding conditions reliably and efficiently, followed by generation of trip/block signal correctly.

Heatwave exacerbates air pollution in China through intertwined climate-energy-environment interactions

Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of heatwaves, raising concerns about their detrimental effects on air quality. However, a role for heatwave-human-environment interactions in air pollution exacerbation has not been established. In the summer of 2022, record-breaking heatwaves struck China and Europe. In this study, we use integrated observational data and machine learning to elucidate the formation mechanism underlying one of the most severe ozone pollution seasons on record in central eastern China, an area that encompasses approximately half of China’s total population and sown land. Our findings reveal that the worsened ozone and nitrogen dioxide pollution resulted from a mismatch between energy demand and supply, which was driven by both heatwaves and energy policy-related factors. The observed adverse heatwave-energy-environment feedback loop highlights the need for the diversification of clean energy sources, more resilient energy structures and power policies, and further emission control to confront the escalating climate challenge in the future.

Network power and mental health policy in post-war Liberia.

This article traces the influence of network power on mental health policy in Liberia, a low-income, post-conflict West African country. Based on key informant interviews, focus group discussions and document analysis, the work uses an inductive approach to uncover how a network of civil society groups, government officials, diasporans and international NGOs shaped the passage, implementation and revision of the country's 2009 and 2016 mental health policies. With relations rooted in ties of information, expertise, resources, commitment and personal connections, the network coalesced around a key agent, the Carter Center, which connected members and guided initiatives. Network power was evident when these actors channelled expertise, shared narratives of post-war trauma and mental health as a human right, and financial resources to influence policy. Feedback loops appeared as policy implementation created new associations of mental health clinicians and service users, research entities and training institutes. These beneficiaries offered the network information from lived experiences, while also pressing their own interests in subsequent policy revisions. As the network expanded over time, some network members gained greater autonomy from the key agent. Network power outcomes included the creation of government mental health institutions, workforce development, increased public awareness, civil society mobilization and a line for mental health in the government budget, though concerns about network overstretch and key agent commitment emerged over time. The Liberian case illustrates how networks need not be inimical to development, and how network power may facilitate action on stigmatized, unpopular issues in contexts with low state capacity. A focus on network power in health shows how power can operate not only through discrete resources such as funding but also through the totality of assets that network linkages make possible.

Tournament incentives and corporate digital transformation—evidence from China

ABSTRACT We examined the effect of tournament incentives on digital transformation of corporations (hereinafter referred to as ‘corporate digital transformation’) by employing 34,373 Chinese firm-year observations for the period from 2008 to 2021. We found a significantly positive association between executive compensation gap and corporate digital transformation, and this result remained robust after correcting for endogeneity. We further shed light on how the executive compensation gap promotes corporate digital transformation through corporate risk-taking. Finally, we showed that executive power and economic policy uncertainty weakened the positive relationship between the executive compensation gap and corporate digital transformation.

Navigating legal pathways for accelerating urban energy transition: A comprehensive deep analysis of photovoltaic power prediction and policy instruments

This research proposes a navigation method that explores how to accelerate urban energy transformation through legal means from the perspective of energy law, in order to improve the accuracy of photovoltaic output power prediction in sustainable energy transformation. Firstly, a deep learning model based on adversarial autoencoder (AAE) architecture was introduced to predict photovoltaic output power according to clean environment policies. Secondly, in order to effectively fine tune the parameters of AAE, a heuristic optimization method based on the Imperial Competition Algorithm was proposed to optimize the AAE configuration to adapt to the unique characteristics of photovoltaic systems, thereby improving prediction accuracy. In addition, the study analyzed the challenges and opportunities faced by current urban energy transformation, and then proposed sustainable ways to accelerate urban energy transformation from the aspects of formulating transformation plans, promoting technological innovation, promoting green transportation, promoting building energy conservation, and developing circular economy. The synergistic effect of deep learning and heuristic optimization, combined with strict stability and sensitivity assessment, puts this research at the forefront of advancing photovoltaic output power prediction methods, which is of great significance for optimizing renewable energy utilization and grid integration.

Income inequality effect of public utility infrastructure: Evidence from rural China

The income inequality effect of infrastructure investment is under-researched despite the fact that the world has been confronted with the formidable challenge of worsening income distribution. This paper addresses this gap by: (i) highlighting deficiencies in conventional inequality modeling, (ii) proposing an empirical framework that entails estimation of both income growth and income inequality effect of infrastructure using one model, and (iii) applying this model to individual-level data from rural China to estimate income growth and income inequality effect of specific public utility infrastructures. Our findings reveal that the usage of telephone and tap water infrastructure fosters rural income growth, particularly benefiting lower-income individuals, indicating benign income inequality effect. These effects are particularly notable in inland China. An investigation into underlying mechanisms shows that public utility infrastructures help improve educational attainment and health status in lower-income rural households, stimulating growth in income and reducing income inequality. These findings imply that development of public utility infrastructure can serve as a powerful policy instrument for government interventions to reduce income inequality and promote growth, especially in developing countries.

The Government–Farmer Cooperation Mechanism and Its Implementation Path to Realize the Goals of Optimizing Grain Planting Structure

In order to alleviate the grain supply–demand structural contradictions and ensure the realization of grain planting structure optimization goals, it is necessary to clarify the interactive relationship between multiple entities, establish a cooperation mechanism, and explore its implementation paths. To this end, a differential game model is built to compare and analyze the optimal strategies, optimal benefits, and overall system outcomes for both the government and farmers under three scenarios: the Nash non-cooperative game, the Stackelberg game, and the collaborative cooperation game. Then, key factors and their influencing mechanisms that affect the government–farmer cooperation mechanism are revealed. Finally, the csQCA model is used to explore the implementation paths for different stakeholders to ensure the sound operation of the cooperation mechanism. The results show the following: (1) The government–farmer cooperation mechanism should consist of an inner core system with the government–farmer interaction as the core and an outer system comprising the market environment, cooperation environment, and institutional environment. These two systems should coordinate with each other, respond to each other, and drive progress together. (2) The cooperation mechanism can optimize behavioral enthusiasm, resulting in individual and overall benefits for both the government and farmers. However, its scientific and orderly implementation is affected by factors such as the cost coefficient. Additionally, subsidies serve as a powerful policy tool to enhance farmers’ enthusiasm, thereby increasing the benefits for both parties and maximizing the effectiveness of the cooperation mechanism. (3) There are three implementation paths corresponding to large-scale farmers, rural elites, and small-scale farmers: being led by external policy tools, linkage guidance between decision-making environment and willing subjects, and factor allocation and environmentally driven decision-making. These findings can provide theoretical support and case reference for marginal farmland management and planting structure optimization management in underdeveloped areas.

Exploring policy support for wind power development from a balancing perspective - A study of dynamic strategies based on evolutionary game

Wind power, as a clean energy source, is becoming increasingly significant in China's energy reorganization. Policy is one of the main tools to promote the development of wind power, and in the process of realizing the goal of Peak Carbon and Carbon Neutral, the lagging aspect of policy has become a barrier to the growth of wind power, making research into wind power policy a popular topic. This study aims to classify the characteristics of China's wind power policies and use the SWOT model to analyze their classification, test the impact of the policies by using T-sample and text data, select typical policies, establish the evolution game model of the two sides, and analyze the stability and influencing factors. Finally, we reflect on and summarize the present policies enacted in China in the areas of wind power demand response and green financial system, and provide pertinent recommendations.

Hydroelectricity power project and policy for Sub Saharan Africa

Hydroelectricity power project and policy for Sub Saharan Africa

Improving rate wireless sensor network with collaborative energy among nodes with fusion center and multiple antennas sensors using game theory and energy harvesting

SummaryThis paper investigates optimizing the collaborative energy power consumption between nodes with energy harvesting (EH) capability at the fusion center (FC) and multi‐antenna sensors using game theory. Using multi‐antennas at FC on sensor networks (SNs), we can benefit from the spatial diversity in receiving the data and using multi‐antenna sensors and energy to transfer the data and optimize the SN, respectively. Also, in this paper, the data transmission in the network is formulated by considering the limitations of storage resources of each sensor, minimum data receiving, minimum EH, and maximum collaboration among sensors. In this paper, some modes are suggested to minimize the collaborative energy among sensors for transmitting the data and energy among sensors in the collaboration of sensors to optimize the power control and allocation power policy. Suggestions have been studied based on the number of antennae to transmit, using the cooperative games in sharing the data and the energy and auction game in transmitting to FC. The simulation results of the proposed problem using MATLAB software show optimization in participation function, EH, allocation in cooperation time, and transferring to FC to improve the detection of the transmitted data based on the increasing number of antennas in FC.

Market power and monetary policy transmission

AbstractWe show that firms' market power dampens the response of their output to monetary policy shocks, using firm‐level data for the USA and a large cross‐country firm‐level dataset for 14 advanced economies. We also find some evidence that the role of markups in monetary policy transmission, while independent from other channels, is greater for firms whose characteristics—notably size and age—are likely to be associated with greater financial constraints.

The politics of China's policy processes: A comparative review of the Advocacy Coalition Framework's applications to mainland China

AbstractDrawing on a review of 112 Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) applications to China published during 2006–2022, this article finds that, consistent with ACF assumptions, policy processes in China are complex processes of top‐down decision making, horizontal negotiation, networked influence, and bottom‐up initiation. The review finds policy processes in many subsystems of China inconsistent with one implicit assumption of the framework: the difficulty of reconciling conflicting beliefs between warring coalitions. Compared with the results from a review of the English ACF applications to countries around the globe, policy‐oriented learning and imposition by a hierarchically superior jurisdiction were identified more frequently as pathways to policy change in reviewed applications to China. The Xi Jinping administration encourages between‐coalition learning and negotiation to pursue the ideal of building a well‐off and equitable society. At the same time, his top‐level reforms have changed the long‐time status quo in some subsystems by national policy reforms.Related ArticlesNam, Aerang, and Christopher M. Weible. 2023. “Examining Experts' Discourse in South Korea's Nuclear Power Policy Making: An Advocacy Coalition Framework Approach to Policy Knowledge.” Politics & Policy 51(2): 201–21. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12522.Nwalie, Martin Ike. 2019. “Advocacy Coalition Framework and Policy Changes in a Third‐World Country.” Politics & Policy 47(3): 545–68. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12302.von Malmborg, Fredrik. 2023. “Combining the Advocacy Coalition Framework and Argumentative Discourse Analysis: The Case of the ‘Energy Efficiency First’ Principle in EU Energy and Climate Policy.” Politics & Policy 51(2): 222–41. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12525.

A National Innovation System Concept-Based Analysis of Autonomous Vehicles’ Potential in Reaching Zero-Emission Fleets

Change management for technology adoption in the transportation sector is often used to address long-term challenges characterized by complexity, uncertainty, and ambiguity. Especially when technology is still evolving, an analysis of these challenges can help explore different alternative future pathways. Therefore, the analysis of development trajectories, correlations between key system variables, and the rate of change within the entire road transportation system can guide action toward sustainability. By adopting the National Innovation System concept, we evaluated the possibilities of an autonomous vehicle option to reach a zero-emission fleet. A case-specific analysis was conducted to evaluate the industry capacities, performance of R&D organizations, main objectives of future market-oriented reforms in the power sector, policy implications, and other aspects to gain insightful perspectives. Environmental insights for transportation sector scenarios in 2021, 2030, and 2050 were explored and analyzed using the COPERT v5.5.1 software program. This study offers a new perspective for road transport decarbonization research and adds new insights to the obtained correlation between the NIS dynamics and achievement of sustainability goals. In 2050, it is expected to achieve 100% carbon neutrality in the PC segment and ~85% in the HDV segment. Finally, four broad conclusions emerged from this research as a consequence of the analysis.

"Rasputin the traitor": the formation of an image in 1914-1916

The author of the article studies the process of forming the image of "Rasputin the traitor" during the First World War. The negative image of Grigory Efimovich began to form long before 1914. He was multifaceted: at first, Rasputin's detractors considered him a religious conman who posed as a "man of God", then he was accused of interfering in the management of the Church, as well as influencing the personnel policy of the supreme power. From the moment of the first failures at the front, an image of a traitor who acts in the interests of Germany began to form in relation to Rasputin. The mechanism for popularizing this image was rumors, newspaper publications and public speeches by deputies of the State Duma. The culprit behind the formation of the image of a traitor in relation to Rasputin was largely himself. On the eve of the Great War, the "Elder" Grigory spoke out several times in communication with the press against Russia's participation in the Balkan wars and the conduct of hostilities as such. This research is based on the principle of historicism, the study of written historical sources: office records, press materials, sources of personal origin. In the spring of 1915, the "Sacred unity" proclaimed by the Duma opposition at the very beginning of the war was replaced by "patriotic anxiety", the public began to look for internal enemies, and espionage began. At the same time, Rasputin attracted attention by staging a drunken brawl in a Moscow restaurant. This was the reason for attacks on Grigory Efimovich and accusing him of pandering to the Germans. It is important to note that Rasputin's accusations of betrayal were unfounded, no evidence was presented. The image of "Rasputin the traitor" began to be used by the Duma opposition, which fought for the Ministry of Public Trust. Everyone knew that Rasputin was a friend of the royal family, so the tsar and the tsarina indirectly became the object of criticism. The purpose of using the image of "Rasputin the traitor" was an attempt to influence the adoption of state decisions by the emperor and the government.

«Myagkaya sila» i publichnaya diplomatiya Brazilii: opyt dlya Rossii?

The article is devoted to the analysis of soft power and public diplomacy of the Federal Republic of Brazil. The object of the study is the resources, instruments and technologies of Brazil's soft power and public diplomacy, the subject is the policy implementation of soft power and public diplomacy of this country. The chronological framework of the study covers the period from Brazil's acquisition of independence in 1822 to L.I. Lula da Silva's winning the elections in 2022. The authors consider the policy of soft power during the periods of the Empire, the First and Second Republics, the era of military dictatorship, as well as during the subsequent democratization up to the current period.