Power Plant Model Research Articles

Enhancing solar energy collection with the implementation of a dual-axis tracking system

Abstract This paper describes the design and control of a two-axis solar tracking system that is unique in integration and uncomplicated in structure. Concerning the accumulation of solar energy, the system adopts a Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) power plant model. Theoretical analysis of the output of the system including the impact of the solar radiation was also done and a comparison was made with a fixed axis SPV station provided with fixed stand tilt at 30° south. As shown in the outcomes, the efficiency of the proposed dual-axis tracking system is much higher than that of the keeper-stationary positioning scheme. These results proved the hypothesis of the effectiveness of the proposed SPV system from both experimental and theoretical positions. A comparison of data indicated that the tracking system tapped much more solar energy than the fixed system. Consequently, this research aims at transforming and investigating the feasibility of small and medium scale SPV power uses employing dual-axis solar tracking systems.

Event‐Triggered Integral Sliding Mode Control for Nonlinear Networked Cascade Control Systems With Uncertain Delay

ABSTRACTThis article investigates the problem of event‐triggered integral sliding mode control (ISMC) for a class of nonlinear networked cascade control systems (NCCSs). Due to the limited communication bandwidth between network nodes, uncertain delay can occur during transmission. This may result in a deterioration of the capabilities of NCCS and system instability in certain instances. Thus, an event‐triggered mechanism (ETM) and ISMC are introduced into the system, and a new model is constructed to increase the network bandwidth and reduce the effect of nonlinear perturbation. After that, the design of two controllers and ETM is accomplished through the use of the Lyapunov generalized method and linear matrix inequality (LMI) techniques. Finally, a simulation example of a power plant model is given to verify the effectiveness of the method. The results show that, for the first time, the event‐triggered ISMC is applied to NCCSs, which greatly saves the network bandwidth resources. The states of the system can reach the sliding mode surface (SMS) in finite time and remain stabilized there afterward, which ensures the stable operation of the system.

A Mini-Hydro Turbine as a Solution to Power Challenges in a Society with plenty of Water

The mini hydro turbine research is aimed at designing and constructing a hydro-electric power plant model that can generate electric power, which can be used at the domestic level to power electrical appliances. There are three main sections for the hydro turbine, such as the pelton wheel which rotate due to falling water from the water storage tank through the penstock, the alternator, been made of a permanent magnet rotor and conducting coil windings on the stator connected to the turbine through a runner, and the feedback system for the continuous flow of water. The result shows that the construction of mini hydro turbine plant is feasible and there were no major problems apparent at the design and implementation stages of the mini hydro turbine power plant. Keywords- Head, Pelton Turbine, Efficiency, Reliability, Alternator

Research on the development and application of fire real-time risk model for nuclear power plants

Research on the development and application of fire real-time risk model for nuclear power plants

Fault model and effect analysis of nuclear power plant networked feed water control system

Fault model and effect analysis of nuclear power plant networked feed water control system

Virtual inertia and damping‐based cascaded control approach for enhancing load frequency control in low‐inertia multi‐area power systems

AbstractThis paper introduces a comprehensive cascaded controller to enhance transient and dynamic stability in load frequency control for low‐inertia multi‐area power systems (LIMAPSs) integrating solar photovoltaic and wind turbine sources. The proposed method combines a composite energy storage‐based virtual synchronous generator with a novel cascaded controller employing an adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and a fractional‐order proportional–integral with a fractional‐order proportional‐tilt‐integral (FOPI‐FOPTI) control strategy. Firstly, a dynamic model of a thermal power plant incorporating photovoltaic, wind turbine, and virtual synchronous generator is developed. Subsequently, the ANFIS‐FOPI‐FOPTI controller parameters, optimized via the whale optimization algorithm, provide adaptive and robust frequency stability control under disturbances. Finally, extensive simulations demonstrate the proposed approach's effectiveness in enhancing the transient and dynamic stability of LIMAPSs. The simulations are conducted on two‐area power systems and a modified IEEE 10‐generator 39‐bus system, considering disturbances like stochastic load‐generation. Comparative analysis with existing controllers shows the proposed cascaded controller effectively addresses load frequency control challenges in LIMAPSs. It outperforms other control approaches in terms of settling time, overshoot, and specified objective functions, with the lowest integral time absolute error values recorded: 0.1202 for the two‐area system and 0.480 for the modified IEEE 39‐bus four‐area power system.

DEVELOPMENT OF DISCRETE-CONTINUOUS STRENGTHENING TECHNOLOGY OF AUTONOMOUS TURBOEXPANDER POWER PLANTS ELEMENTS

This paper describes a set of research and development activities to create a technology for discrete-continuous strengthening of autonomous turbo-expander power plants elements. With this purpose, it is proposed to study the stress-strain state of the system of discretely and continuously strengthened bodies in contact. This is done by combining the positive effects observed when using each type of strengthening. The combined effect of this synthetic strengthening method exceeds the sum of the effects of each of the component methods. In order to achieve high technical characteristics of the elements and turboexpander power plants as a whole, an approach based on parametric modelling of structures and technologies has been developed. By targeted improvement of these parameters, strength, efficiency and durability are increased. It also reduces the wear and tear of the most stressed and critical elements of turboexpander power plants. The main feature of the developed approaches to the creation of the discrete-continuous strengthening technology of the elements of autonomous turboexpander power plants is the development and application of a generalized parametric model of turboexpander power plants as a complete system object. At the same time, both design and technological solutions are varied and sought after by the criteria of strength, durability and efficiency..

Structured Model for Hydrothermal System Operation and Optimization

This paper presents an analysis for optimizing hydrothermal system operation within the Brazilian energy sector.In the last years, researchers at the Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Technologies and Solutions from Federal University of ABC (LabBITS - UFABC) have been implementing a platform for accessing the information of this Brazilian electric power generation system from a SQL (Structured Query Language) database, regularly updated from the ONS’s provided package of files. The database is accessed by the laboratory researchers via a REST (Representational State Transfer) API (Application Programming Interface) which is used to supply the parameters of the energy system models used in the energy operation planning calculations.In 2024, utilizing Java object models for hydroelectric power plants, a structured approach was developed, organizing plants into power plant systems to capture the interdependencies between flow data and storage of water in reservoirs throughout a cascade and across time.The simulation technique of genetic algorithms was then applied to test the structure for optimal operating schedules. Different populations of solutions were tested, considering the maximization of energy generation.

Achieving zero liquid discharge through water recycle in Muara Karang Combine Cycle Power Plant

Abstract The study evaluates a water recycling program implemented at the Muara Karang Power Plant (MKPP), which plays a crucial role in reducing wastewater and enhancing the operational efficiency of the power plant. Water is an essential resource in power generation, but its quality has been declining over time, impacting plant performance. Regular checks on the boiler water at MKPP reveal that the plant collects around 1-1.4 m3/second, which was traditionally discarded after inspection. However, considering the quality and quantity of this water, the study explores its potential for recycling. Since 2023, approximately 2,741.46 m3 of water has been reused, improving efficiency by 160 m3 per month while reducing wastewater discharge. The program demonstrates that simple yet strategic water management interventions can significantly improve operational efficiency and environmental sustainability in power plants. By recycling boiler water within the system, the plant conserves valuable water resources and lowers pollution levels. This study introduces a pioneering approach to water recycling in power plant by utilizing boiler water that was previously discarded. This innovative approach not only reduces the environmental impact but also sets a new benchmark for sustainable water management in the energy sector, providing a model for other power plants to follow.

Numerical model and effect of site condition on the coupled dynamic characteristics of water storage tank of AP1000 shield building

AbstractSince the Fukushima nuclear incident in 2011, the focus on nuclear safety has intensified significantly, leading to heightened demands for nuclear power plant modeling to go beyond the mere dynamic analysis of soil–structure interaction (SSI) or fluid–structure interaction (FSI). In current engineering practice, FSI is typically described using simplified forms, such as loads or added mass. However, this approach lacks a comprehensive analytical framework that integrates refined FSI analysis with soil–structure interaction (SSI). This study analyzes the dynamic response of the nuclear island structural system using a fully coupled fluid–structure–soil interaction (FSSI) model. The effectiveness and validity of the model are verified through case comparisons. Simulations were conducted using the parameters of five different types of nuclear power engineering sites for both homogeneous and layered foundations. The results indicated that the hydrodynamic pressure response and acceleration amplification of layered foundations significantly exceeded those of homogeneous foundations, underscoring the importance of considering layered sites in the comprehensive complex modeling of nuclear power projects.

Inverter Intensive Hybrid Power Plant Modeling With Small-Signal Stability Augmentation Through Flexible Operation Mode Transition

Inverter Intensive Hybrid Power Plant Modeling With Small-Signal Stability Augmentation Through Flexible Operation Mode Transition

A K-means cluster division of regional photovoltaic power stations considering the consistency of photovoltaic output

The uncertainty and volatility of photovoltaics seriously impact the grid's power quality. Short-term photovoltaic(PV) forecasts have a positive effect on the stable operation of the power system. The accuracy of cluster division is a key factor in the output prediction of regional PV power stations. This paper proposes a cluster division method, including a novel feature selection technique and an optimized cluster algorithm based on K-means. The proposed method performs feature analysis and parameter optimization of the division of regional photovoltaic plant clusters, analyzes the clustering dimension of photovoltaic output consistency, and establishes a K-means clustering model of photovoltaic power plants that considers time, space, and inherent characteristics of power plants first. Then, a prediction model based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) is established for each cluster to realize the prediction of regional cluster photovoltaic output. The simulation results demonstrate that the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of the proposed method is 18.27 % and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) is 45.79 %, which verifies the superiority of the proposed method over comparison models. It shows that the proposed method can effectively solve the problem of low prediction accuracy caused by weak output consistency of power stations in regional photovoltaic clusters.

Validation of Electromechanical Transient Model for Large-Scale Renewable Power Plants Based on a Fast-Responding Generator Method

The requirements for accurate models of renewable energy power plants are urgent for power system operation analysis. Most existing model research in this area is for wind turbine and photovoltaic (PV) power generation units; a rare renewable power plant model validation mainly adopts the single-machine infinite-bus system. The single equivalent machine method is always used, and the interactions between the power plant and the grid are ignored. The voltage at the interface bus is treated as constant, although this is not consistent with its actual characteristics. The phase shifter method of hybrid dynamic simulation has been applied in the model validation of wind farms. However, this method is heavily dependent on phasor measurement units (PMU) data, resulting in a limited application scope, and it is difficult to realize the model error location step by step. In this paper, the fast-responding generator method is used for renewable power plant model validation. The complete scheme comprising model validation, error localization, parameter sensitivity analysis, and parameter correction is proposed. Model validation is conducted based on measured records from a large-scale PV power plant in northwest China. The comparison of simulated and measured data verifies the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed scheme. Compared to the conventional model validation method, the maximum deviation of the active power simulation values obtained by the method proposed in this paper is only 38.8% of that of the conventional method, and the overall simulation curve fits the actual measured values significantly better.

A Short-Circuit Current Calculation Model for Renewable Power Plants Considering Internal Topology

With the large-scale integration of renewable energy into the grid, traditional short-circuit current (SCC) calculation methods for synchronous generators are no longer applicable to inverter-based non-synchronous machine sources (N-SMSs). Current SCC calculation methods for N-SMSs often use a single-machine multiplication method, which tends to overlook the internal variability of N-SMSs within power plants, leading to low calculation accuracy. To address this issue, this paper first derives an analytical expression for SCC in grid-connected inverters under low voltage ride through (LVRT) control strategies. Then, a single-machine steady-state SCC calculation model is proposed. Based on the classification of N-SMSs, a practical SCC calculation model for renewable power plants is introduced, balancing accuracy and computational speed. The feasibility of the model is validated through simulations. The proposed method enables simple calculations to obtain the steady-state voltage and SCC at the machine terminal, offering strong engineering practicality.

Enhancing the energy and environmental efficiency of the city's infrastructure based on optimizing its fuel and energy balance

The article considers the direction of increasing the energy and environmental efficiency of the city's energy infrastructure through the modernization of existing thermal power plants (TPP) and combined heat and power (CHP) plants using combined-cycle gas turbine (CCGT) plants. Fuel and energy balances of electric power plants have been constructed, and the energy and environmental effects of the use of CCGT have been assessed. The modeling of energy and environmental indicators for the thermal circuits of the CCGT was conducted using the Thermoflex, GT PRO software (Thermoflow) and the ISC Manager program developed at the National Research University "Moscow Power Engineering Institute (MPEI)". The analysis of CCGT efficiency in urban energy applications is based on modeling and optimizing the city’s fuel and energy balance (FEB). For this purpose, the OptiTEB program developed at the Department of PTS at the National Research University "MРEI" is used. Constructing fuel and energy systems in cities and regions is a pressing task that enables the planning of a strategy for the development of the urban fuel and energy complex (FEC), with an assessment of the magnitude of harmful emissions, including greenhouse gases. The article presents the results of work on establishing scientific foundations for modern heat supply systems, exemplified by a mathematical model of the Moscow thermal power plant and its optimization, taking into account the projected development of electric transport infrastructure over the coming decades, improving the thermal protection characteristics of newly constructed buildings, and the potential increase in the use of renewable energy sources (RES). The growth in the share of electric transport should be linked to an increase in the share of renewable energy sources (RES). Simply increasing the number of electric vehicles without a significant rise in renewable energy usage in the city's energy balance will not result in a reduction of carbon dioxide and harmful substance emissions. Expanding electricity generation through CCGT, alongside the growth of renewable energy use in the city, can lead to a significant decrease in carbon dioxide emissions.

Method to improve seismic performance: Selection of key components and multi-objective optimization of risk and cost

Considering the increasing frequency of large-scale earthquakes worldwide, ensuring the seismic safety of nuclear power plants against earthquakes exceeding the design conditions is essential. Therefore, this study proposed a method for enhancing seismic performance using a seismic probabilistic safety assessment-based risk model. Sensitivity analysis and a multi-objective grey wolf optimizer, which is a multi-objective optimization method, were utilized for seismic performance enhancement. First, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify the key components that significantly affected seismic performance. Subsequently, optimization techniques were employed to maximize seismic performance with minimal reinforcement costs. The proposed method was applied to risk models of nuclear power plants and research reactors. The application results showed that the key components from the sensitivity analysis exerted the greatest impact on the enhancement of the seismic performance. In addition, Pareto optimal solutions for seismic reinforcement cost and performance improvement were obtained through optimization. Because Pareto optimal solutions represent various optimal solution sets for seismic reinforcement cost and performance improvement, they are considered as appropriate guides for the achievement of the desired level of seismic performance improvement at minimum cost. The proposed method can help improve the seismic performance of existing nuclear power plants against earthquakes that exceed the design conditions.

Optimal capacity allocation and scheduling strategy for CSP+PV hybrid standalone power plants

Solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation, as an important clean technology, has been widely adopted globally, especially in remote island areas where access to the main power grid is unavailable. PV power can serve as the primary energy source for standalone island grids. However, due to its dependence on sunlight, PV power output fluctuates, particularly during nighttime and under poor lighting conditions, necessitating the integration of energy storage technology or alternative power generation methods to ensure continuous power supply. Concentrating solar power (CSP) generation, as an emerging technology, can provide efficient power output when solar radiation is abundant and ensure continuous power supply through thermal energy storage systems during adverse weather conditions or nighttime. Although CSP offers advantages such as dispatchability, its high construction and maintenance costs may pose challenges in commercial deployment. Hybrid solar power plants combining both PV and CSP technologies leverage the strengths of both, ensuring more stable and economically viable power output. This study establishes a model for hybrid solar power plants, considering the impact of PV and CSP component capacities and proportions on performance and costs, i.e., capacity allocation. To maximize the overall benefits of standalone microgrids while ensuring the stability of the power station, a capacity allocation method guided by economic dispatch is proposed. Through iterative analysis, the optimal configuration is determined to minimize the system's equivalent annual costs. Simulation experiments validate the financial feasibility of hybrid solar power plants and the reliability of the proposed configuration method.

Considering Carbon–Hydrogen Coupled Integrated Energy Systems: A Pathway to Sustainable Energy Transition in China Under Uncertainty

The low-carbon construction of integrated energy systems is a crucial path to achieving dual carbon goals, with the power-generation side having the greatest potential for emissions reduction and the most direct means of reduction, which is a current research focus. However, existing studies lack the precise modeling of carbon capture devices and the cascaded utilization of hydrogen energy. Therefore, this paper establishes a carbon capture power plant model based on a comprehensive, flexible operational mode and a coupled model of a two-stage P2G (Power-to-Gas) device, exploring the “energy time-shift” characteristics of the coupled system. IGDT (Information Gap Decision Theory) is used to discuss the impact of uncertainties on the power generation side system. The results show that by promoting the consumption of clean energy and utilizing the high energy efficiency of hydrogen while reducing reliance on fossil fuels, the proposed system not only meets current energy demands but also achieves a more efficient emission reduction, laying a solid foundation for a sustainable future. By considering the impact of uncertainties, the system ensures resilience and adaptability under fluctuating renewable energy supply conditions, making a significant contribution to the field of sustainable energy transition.

Methodical and algorithmic aspects of mathematical modeling of a screw aircraft power plant

The article describes the solution of a scientific problem that consists in expanding the functionality of the program “Calculation of the traction-economic and mass-specific characteristics of the power plant and aircraft motion parameters” through the introduction of additional algorithms and mathematical models for calculating the altitude-speed characteristics of screw aircraft power installations. At the same time, an internal calculation of the aircraft propeller thrust is used according to experimental aerodynamic coefficients, which makes it possible to increase the efficiency and reliability of complex theoretical studies of power plants of various types as part of aircraft at the stage of external design. A description is given of the developed algorithms: an algorithm for converting power on the output shaft of a gas turbine engine into thrust of an aircraft power plant; a mathematical model of a propeller that provides calculation of its thrust from experimental aerodynamic coefficients; an algorithm for determining the thrust of the power plant, taking into account the compressibility of the air and the interaction of the propeller and the elements of the airframe of the aircraft. Some features of the mathematical modeling of an aircraft propeller are revealed, in particular, the principle of propeller control by influencing the blade angle and rotational speed depending on the aircraft flight speed and a method for constructing the field of aerodynamic characteristics of an aircraft propeller in a wide range of blade angle and speed coefficient. In conclusion, the results of verification of the modified program are presented with an analysis of the obtained altitude-speed characteristics.

COMPUTER MODELING OF TRANSIENT ELECTROMECHANICAL PROCESSES IN A WIND POWER PLANT WITH A MAGNETIC GEARBOX

In this work, a computer Simulink model of a wind power plant has been developed, which uses a magnetic gearbox instead of a mechanical gearbox and also contains a synchronous permanent magnet generator. A separate Simulink model of a magnetic gearbox built on the basis of a modulated magnetic field in the air gap was developed, which al-lows to study the stability of its operation both in steady-state and transient modes. Calculations of various dynamic modes of the wind power plant’s operation were carried out, based on the developed model, such as the starting mode, an instantaneous increase in the wind speed acting on the wind turbine, and an increase in the load of the electric gen-erator. According to the results of the calculations, it is shown that in transient modes, when short-term overloads oc-cur, both rotors of the magnetic gearbox can fall out of synchronous motion for a certain period of time and then, de-pending on the parameters of the gearbox (as well as its other elements), the electromechanical system either reaches a certain operating steady-state mode or loses the ability to transfer mechanical power from the wind turbine to the gen-erator. It has been shown that the use of a more powerful magnetic gearbox, with an increased value of the maximum magnetic torque, allows of a more overload-resistant operation of both: a gearbox and the wind plant as a whole. Ref-erences 9, figures 10.