Power Plant In Ukraine Research Articles

On-Grid Hybrid Wind–Solar Power Plants in Ukraine’s Residential Sector: Economic Justification of Installation Under Different Support Schemes

On-grid hybrid wind–solar systems are one of the best sustainable solutions for developing distributed generation, as they can provide a stable and reliable electricity supply, effectively using the potential of the two most common renewable energy resources. In Ukraine, promoting the development of on-grid hybrid wind–solar power plants takes on particular importance under conditions of electricity shortages caused by the large-scale destruction of the energy infrastructure due to the ongoing hostilities. This article examines the economic efficiency of installing such power plants in the residential sector of Ukraine under different state support schemes. This study was conducted for on-grid hybrid wind–solar systems of various configurations and installed capacities with different equity and debt capital proportions involved in implementing investment projects. This study’s results highlight the economic efficiency of the feed-in tariff compared to the net billing for households investing in such facilities and emphasize the need to improve policy measures to increase their investment attractiveness.

Assessing the Role and Viability of Nuclear Power in Ukraine's Post-War Energy Strategy

Ukraine's nuclear power industry is partially under russian occupation, which poses a significant energy threat. This applies to both Ukraine and European countries. Nuclear power plants in Ukraine operate on imported uranium. The article analyses trends in the development of nuclear energy in the world and in Ukraine. The energy system of Ukraine depends on imported uranium. The article presents an assessment of the exhaustibility of uranium resource. Steps to improve the safety of nuclear energy are presented and the necessity of transition to green energy is substantiated. The problems of atomic energy of Ukraine in conditions of sustainable development are analysed. Keywords: energy, uranium, resource exhaustibility, energy strategy, nuclear power plants

Solar energy potential mapping in Ukraine through integration of GIS, remote sensing, and fuzzy logic

ABSTRACT The Green Deal strategic plan for the development of renewable energy until 2030 is of particular importance in the context of the restoration of Ukraine’s post-war energy infrastructure. One of the key topics is the analysis of the possibilities of installing large solar power plants in Ukraine. In this article, a multi-criteria analysis of the suitability of the territory of Ukraine is carried out on the basis of climatic, topographic and land use criteria. To assess land suitability, criteria standardized using fuzzy logic with weights determined by experts through the method of pairwise comparisons were combined using a weighted sum model. Upon completing the study, a suitability map was generated, depicting zones with varying levels of suitability (ranging from 0 to 1) for solar power plant placement. It was found that more than 35.68% of the country has average values of the suitability index (0.65–0.7), and approximately 18.82% show high indicators (<0.7). Conditions are especially favorable in the south of Ukraine.

Nuclear Aspects of the Russia-Ukraine War and its Implications for Nepal

Nearly two years old Russia-Ukraine war seems to go on for a long period. The United States and European Union are supporting Ukraine’s offensive to regain their lost land. The Russian threat to use nuclear bombs at the outset has taken the world by great surprise. The use of a megaton nuclear bomb could lead to unimagined catastrophe killing a billion people, and a nuclear winter could set in leading to a worldwide famine that could kill millions more. The nuclear watchdog of the United Nations - the International Atomic Energy Agency, is keeping track of Europe’s largest nuclear power plant in Ukraine. Nuclear-related international treaties are fast becoming ineffective and World War III could be possible. This war is, however, coming to a stalemate. Peace initiatives taken are ineffective so far. This war must end soon and nuclear weapons should remain as deterrence and should not and never be used to save mankind.

Efficient electricity generation forecasting from solar power plants using technology: Integration, benefits and prospects

Accurate prediction of electricity generation from renewable sources is an essential element to ensure the stability of electricity systems and the transition to more sustainable energy production. The study aims to optimise the operation of Ukrainian power systems through the introduction of the required share of renewable energy sources to ensure the reliability of the power system. To study the accuracy of forecasting electricity generation by photovoltaic power plants in Ukraine, data analysis, a review of existing forecasting models and methods, and comparative analysis using satellite images and meteorological observations were used. Low accuracy of forecasting output is a feature of electricity generation from renewable energy sources, which is explained by the random nature of energy sources and related meteorological conditions. In Ukraine, the problem of qualitative forecasting of electricity generation from renewable sources is becoming more relevant. The importance of finding effective methods for forecasting electricity generation in Ukraine has increased with the emergence of the electricity market. This study addresses the issue of forecasting electricity generation by photovoltaic power plants for the day ahead in the conditions of the Ukrainian energy market. As part of the study, the issues of Ukrainian legislation regarding the requirements for the accuracy of electricity generation forecasting and the consequences of their failure were considered. The study also reviewed modern models and methods for forecasting electricity generation by photovoltaic power plants and explored the new “forecasting system market” in Ukraine. The study presents accepted forecasting metrics that allow estimating errors and comparing the effectiveness of different forecasting methods. Considering the dependence of electricity generation forecasting on meteorological parameters, a comparative analysis of forecasting accuracy using satellite images and meteorological observations was carried out. The study will determine the material presented in determining the model for forecasting electricity generation, thus increasing the efficiency of energy companies in the conditions of the Ukrainian energy market. The study will also reduce the negative impact of the energy sector on the environment and contribute to a more efficient and stable electricity system in the future

GEOSPATIAL ANALYSIS OF THE POTENTIAL OF THE TERRITORIES OF UKRAINE FOR THE LOCATION OF SOLAR POWER PLANTS BASED ON SATELLITE DATA

Climate change necessitates the relevance of renewable energy utilization worldwide. The Green Deal defines the energy development policy in Europe until 2030. This challenge holds particular significance for Ukraine in the context of post-war energy infrastructure recovery. Therefore, an important issue is the analysis of the suitability of Ukrainian territories for the installation of large-scale solar power plants (solar farms) and the optimization of their placement. This research aims to determine the suitability of Ukrainian territories for solar power plant placement using satellite data on climate and terrain characteristics. Among the factors determining the suitability of the territory for solar farms, the greatest impact lies in climatic indicators, including data on the total global horizontal solar irradiation (GHI), accumulated temperature above 25 °C at a height of 2 meters, average annual wind speed, and map of accumulated annual precipitation from the ERA5-Land dataset. In this study, terrain maps containing information on elevations, slopes, and terrain shading from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) project were also used to determine the suitability of the territories. The suitability of the territories is determined through geospatial analysis using weighted sums. Based on the research results, a suitability map was constructed, depicting the distribution of zones with different suitability coefficients (ranging from 0 to 1). It was found that a significant portion of Ukraine’s territory is favorable for the placement of solar power plants. Over 48 % of the country has moderate suitability values (0.3…0.4). The obtained suitability map was used to analyze the optimal placement of already constructed major solar power plants in Ukraine. Data from Wikimapia was utilized to determine the locations of these energy facilities. Overall, all the analyzed large-scale solar power plants in Ukraine were situated in optimal territories. The research also revealed that certain regions, such as Odesa, Poltava, Kharkiv, Zaporizhzhia, Dnipro, Donetsk, and Luhansk, have good suitability values (0.3…0.4) but are not fully utilized. These areas have significant potential for the future construction of powerful and productive solar power plants

ANALYSIS OF THE EXPERIENCE OF USING ASH SLAG MATERIALS OF THERMAL POWER PLANTS IN ROAD MATERIALS MADE BY COLD RECYCLING TECHNOLOGY

Summary. This scientific text examines the analysis of domestic and world experience of using ash slag materials of thermal power plants in road materials produced by cold recycling technology. Coal is the most important primary source of energy in Ukraine. In 2019, its share accounted for 28.9% of all energy resources. There are 15 coal-fired power plants in Ukraine, the total capacity of which is 30-40% of the total installed power generation capacity in the country. As a result of the operation of thermal power plants (TPP), a significant amount of large-tonnage waste - ash and slag materials (ZShM) is generated. 360 million tons of ash slag are accumulated in TPP ash dumps. About 5-10 million tons of ash and slag are produced annually. Therefore, there is a question of reducing waste materials as materials for road construction. In Ukraine, the main method of using fly ash materials is their use in the production of cement. But at the current level of cement production, the potential of using slag in this industry has been exhausted. Therefore, the question of using ash slag materials in other industries arises. As an option, it is the use of ZSHM in road construction. Key words: road, road clothing, ash and slag materials, hydroremoval ash, takeaway ash, recycling.

The people of Chernobyl: a community of loss in Svetlana Aleksievich’s Chernobyl Prayer

Svetlana Aleksievich conducted hundreds of interviews with those affected by the explosion at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in Ukraine and her native Belarus and assembled them in her 1997 novel Chernobyl Prayer. A Chronicle of the Future. Aleksievich, awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2015, created a complex, polyphonic blend of oral history and literature and provided a fragmentated and diverse narrative of memory, trauma, and victimhood. The article examines Aleksievich’s rendition of the ways in which “the people of Chernobyl” convey their own understanding of this identity. The many voices of Aleksievich’s novel coalesce to speak for what Serguei Oushakine calls a community of loss. The article traces the articulation of their identity: from the frustrated search for appropriate discursive tools and points of reference, to the explicit sense of having formed a unique social entity, a community. This transition is also a progression, through the process of articulation and analysis, from a negative identity, defined by loss and a radical change in status, to one enhanced by philosophical and environmental awareness. This is also a shift from the mainstream Soviet worldview and identity to other more complex, albeit less comforting perspectives.

THE FUTURE OF ATOMIС ENERGY IN UKRAINE FROM THE POSITION OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF A LOW-СARBON EСONOMY

This article studies the future development of the energy industry with the aim of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Three different options for planning the use of electricity-generating enterprises and determining the most optimal for the environment and economy of the country based on graphs of the dynamics of greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere are considered. The assessment and selection of the most optimal option is based on the Low-Carbon Development Strategy of Ukraine.&#x0D; The types of electricity generation that most pollute the environment and those that practically do not pollute have been determined. The share of produced electricity accounted for by each type of generation and the dynamics of electricity production in recent years were considered in percentage terms. Also, this article provides an example of one of the countries abandoning nuclear energy, and what consequences this had for the energy balance and the development of a low-carbon economy. The most appropriate option for the development of power plants in Ukraine was determined and it was considered how in the future it is possible to increase the share of electricity produced at nuclear power plants and reduce the share of electricity produced at thermal power plants. The development of nuclear energy has a positive effect on the country's energy independence, so it must be developed and, if possible, switched to new types of reactors in order to make energy even more secure.

THE IMPACT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ELECTRIC TRANSPORTATION ON THE UKRAINE’S INTEGRATED POWER SYSTEM FUNCTIONING

The rapid development of electric transportation in the world is due to significant economic and ecological advantages. The Ukrainian government also is planning to develop a national strategy and plans for the implementation of electric transportation. But the additional load poses challenges for Ukraine’s Integrated Power System. The analysis of the influence of electric transportation introduction on Integrated Power System operation would facilitate its effective government implementation. The aim of this paper was to estimate the effect of implementation volumes of electric transportation on the Integrated Power System operation, fossil fuel consumption, greenhouse gases, and pollutant emissions. A set of calculations was carried out for electric transportation volumes from 30 to 420 thousand electric vehicles by step 30 thousand based on a program and information complex simulating the operation of Ukraine's Integrated Power System, which has been developed in the Institute of General Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine for the past few years. The calculations show that the share of nuclear power plants in Ukraine’s Integrated Power System increases according to the growth of the electric vehicles fleet. Therefore, it is expected to decrease fuel consumption as well as greenhouse gases and pollutants emissions. Fuel intensity is reduced by approximately 5% for electric transportation volume of 150 thousand and approximately 8% for 300 thousand. Specific emissions decrease faster due to the ratio of coal and gas power plants. Fuel intensity considerably varies from 0.07 (Summer) to 0.15 (Winter) tce/kWh. In general, the additional load from the implementation of electric transportation positively affects the energy system of Ukraine, increasing the efficiency of its operation by reducing specific fuel consumption. It should be noted that such trends are observed exclusively for Ukraine due to the specific structure of Ukraine's Integrated Power System with the large share of nuclear energy. Keywords: electric transportation, Ukraine’s Integrated Power System, greenhouse gas emissions, pollutant emissions.

Accounting of installation and use of solar power plants

Through the using of solar power plants, a business entity reduces operating costs by using solar electricity for its own needs and generates income by selling this electricity on the market. The construction of solar power plants in Ukraine is an important factor in the development of the national energy market and a tool for integration into the European renewable energy market. The article examines the role and importance of using solar electricity as one of the types of alternative sources of electricity. The authors investigate the peculiarities of accounting for the initial cost of solar power plants depending on the method of its receipt by an enterprise. In particular, the author presents the correspondence of accounting accounts, which are drawn up upon receipt of a solar power plant when it is purchased for cash, in case of its construction by the enterprise using the economic and contractor methods. The procedure for recognition and valuation of solar power plants as an object of fixed assets is substantiated. It is noted that the costs of forming the initial cost of a solar power plant should be accounted for by using the relevant subaccounts of account 15 “Capital Investments”. The article also presents the results of the impact of establishing the useful life and depreciation method of a solar power plant on the financial results before corporate income tax.

DETERMINATION OF THE TEMPERATURE FIELD DISTRIBUTION IN THE WINDING RODS OF THE STATOR OF TURBOGENERATORS OF TYPE TVV FOR PURPOSES OF CONTROL AND DIAGNOSTICS

Turbogenerators were and remain the most unreliable element at nuclear power plants in Ukraine. The most dangerous disturbances in the operation of turbogenerators of the TVV type is complete or partial blockage of the hollow conductors of the stator winding. The systems of operational control and technical diagnostics today, in a number of cases, cannot cope with the identification of these phenomena. The complex application of adequate mathematical models, indications of the standard thermal control system and new diagnostic features give the opportunity with sufficient accuracy for practical purposes to detect blockages in the hollow conductors of the stator windings of these turbogenerators. The aim of the work is to develop a program for calculating the three-dimensional temperature field in the rods of the stator winding of a turbogenerator of the TVV-1000-2U3 type, taking into account the temperature field of the stator core, to carry out a test calculation and to compare the experimental and to calculated data. The problem is solved with the help of the finite difference method using the integro-interpolation method.

Comparison of density of asphalt concrete mixture with fly ash and limestone filler

The road construction industry is one of the strategic industries of Ukraine. Currently, the issue of quality and availability of basic building materials for road construction is particularly acute, which is directly related to its high material intensity. Known stocks of conditioned raw materials that could be used as components of asphalt concrete are constantly decreasing, so it is necessary to look for alternative sources of raw materials for construction materials and study the possibility of their use. In this regard, the most effective use of local raw materials is the use of industrial production waste, which can become one of the solutions to the problem of the lack of raw materials of inorganic origin. In Ukraine, about 30% of all electricity is generated by burning solid fuels such as coal, oil shale, and peat. There are about 15 operating thermal power plants in Ukraine, which generate about 5-6 million tons of ash and slag waste per year. Thus, the fuel and energy complex waste generated at thermal power plants is a huge accumulation of ash in the form of dusty residues and lumpy sludge, as well as various ash and slag mixtures. These products of high-temperature treatment (1200-1700 °C) of the mineral part of the fuel are widely used in many countries and given the global trend towards an increase in the share of the secondary market for the use of secondary industrial products, an increase in the rate of their processing in Ukraine should be predicted.

DETERMINATION OF POTENTIAL AREAS OF INFLUENCE ON THE ROMANIAN TERRITORY OF UKRAINIAN NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CRISIS GENERATED BY THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN CONFLICT

In the context of the crisis generated by the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, radiological situation forecasts were made within the National Institute of Research and Development for Physics and Nuclear Engineering "Horia Hulubei" (IFIN-HH) for all nuclear power plants in Ukraine. Therefore, the resident decision support software systems for radiological and nuclear emergencies were used, with the main purpose of identifying potential areas of influence on the territory of Romania generated by Ukrainian power plants, as consequence of military actions. In the absence of pertinent and confirmed information, two hypothetical scenarios were considered by which the radioactive material could be dispersed into the atmosphere, for which appropriate accident source terms were built, using methods validated and approved by the international organizations in the field. The monitoring of the radiological situation of the Ukrainian nuclear power plants was carried out over a period of several months starting from the first day of the conflict outbreak. In the paper are presented comparative results obtained with two software systems for a representative case at the Zaporozhe Nuclear Power Plant, the largest nuclear power plant in Europe, situated in the center of several disputes.

CO2 EMISSIONS CALCULATIONS FROM COAL-BURNING THERMAL POWER PLANTS IN UKRAINE SINCE 1990

CO2 EMISSIONS CALCULATIONS FROM COAL-BURNING THERMAL POWER PLANTS IN UKRAINE SINCE 1990

THE EVOLUTION OF THE ENERGY SYSTEMS OF UKRAINE AND THE ORGANIZATION OF MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING IN ENERGY COMPANIES IN CONDITIONS OF RISK

An essential prerequisite for the development of Ukraine is a rationally formed energy system that covers the electricity demand of society and assures the smooth functioning of the national economy. The study presents the characteristics of different types of power plants in Ukraine, such as thermal, hydraulic, nuclear, geothermal, and tidal. Furthermore, the share of Ukraine’s contribution to the energy supply of other countries is indicated. Today, the United Energy System of Ukraine is one of Europe’s most significant energy com- plexes with seven regional electric power systems (REES), including Dnipro, Western, Crimean, Southern, Southwestern, Northern, and Central. The research presents the structure of electricity consumption by consumer groups in Ukraine. It indicates the extent of the destruction of Ukraine’s energy capacities by Russia’s invasion. The issue of developing electricity production from alternative energy sources in Ukraine is discussed. Permanent risks and the threat of destruction of energy system objects encourage managers of economic entities to carefully search for quick and accurate problem-solving tools for avoiding critical situations. The accounting system, in particular, management accounting, provides the in- formational component that satisfies the timeliness of providing boards with recommendations on making managerial decisions. The study highlights and describes the stages of implementation of management accounting in energy supply companies in Ukraine. The effectiveness of management accounting in this aspect is emphasized.

A MANAGEMENT DECISION-MAKING ALGORITHM FOR PLANNING ACTIVITIES TO REDUCE THE PRODUCTION RISK LEVEL

It is important to minimize the negative consequences of exposure to hazardous and harmful production factors that constitute a danger to the health of workers, through the introduction of effective technical and organizational measures and personal protective equipment. The aim of the article is to develop a sequence of implementation of safety measures to reduce the risk of occupational diseases among employees of nuclear power plants in Ukraine. The research methodology is based on the analysis of the peculiarities of working conditions, the determination of dangerous and harmful production factors and the choice of an optimization model of support systems in decision making. Statistical data and research findings have confirmed that the poor health and safety of workers is due to inefficiency of available occupational safety management methods, limited implementation of the latest technical and economic arrangements, imperfect methods of limiting the impact of hazardous and harmful production factors, and insufficient funding for such activities. In the general case, the implementation of management methods that provide the safety of life and health of workers and ensure risks are kept at a reasonably low level is to choose the optimal set of technical and organizational arrangements, determine the sequence of their introduction, to control their implementation and evaluation of their results. The article proposes a method of discrete step-by-step optimization of the sequence of implementation of security arrangements. The method involves setting of the most important criterion and a number of limitations. The method modified to the requirements of the set tasks is aimed at choosing the optimal within the framework of the general annual financing of technical and organizational arrangements and means of individual protection of employees and reducing the levels of risk in individual workplaces.

Estimation and forecasting of carbon dioxide emissions from coal-fired thermal power plants in Ukraine

Purpose. Development and verification of a method for calculating and forecasting CO2 emissions from coal combustion at thermal power plants based on proximate analysis data. Calculation of gross and specific CO2 emissions per unit of output energy and mass of coal consumed at Ukrainian thermal power plants (TPPs). Methodology. Methods of mathematical statistics were used for processing the data of ultimate and proximate analysis of 170samples of A, L, G, and LFG coal ranks with low heat value on operating state in the range of 17.2 to 31.0 MJ/kg and ash content on dry state (Ad) in the range of 3.8 to 38.0% to determine relationships between carbon emission factors (kc), calorific value, and ash content. Findings. The values of emission factors and gross CO2 emissions for mixtures of coals of grades A and L, G and LFG at Ukrainian TPPs in 20172021 were calculated. For 2021, the average value of for coals of grades G and LFG was 94,128 g/GJ, and for coals of grades A and L it was 104,987 g/GJ. Gross CO2 emissions at Ukrainian TPPs have been in the range of 3849million tons in recent years, and their annual reduction is due to a decrease in energy production and fuel consumption at TPPs, primarily of grades A and L. Originality. Empirical dependencies kc for steam coal of different ranks are determined in the form of The coefficients a, b, and c are determined for grades A, L, G, and LFG and their mixtures. The relationship between the carbon content in coal and the low heat value for coal is linear: where K is a coefficient depending on the coal grade. The values of K are determined for coal of grades A, L, G, and LFG. Practical value. Verification of the created method shows that the calculation error is less than 1.0%. This is in line with the requirements of the Monitoring Procedure and Directive 2003/87/EC. In 2021, the specific CO2 emission per unit of output energy at TPPs in Ukraine was 1,084 g/kWh for all ranks of steam coal. The values of specific CO2 emissions per unit mass of consumed coal were 1.94 t/t for coals of all grades, 1.91 t/t for grades G and LFG, and 2.21 t/t for grades A and L. The official annual reports of the Ministry of Energy of Ukraine contain information on the amount of produced electricity, consumed coal, and forecast balances of electricity production at TPPs, therefore, the values of specific emissions established by us are convenient to use for estimating and forecasting carbon dioxide emissions.

СУЧАСНІ ПРОБЛЕМИ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ ТЕЦ УКРАЇНИ

A brief analysis of the state, problems and external conditions of operation of combined heat and power plants in Ukraine, as well as their changes during hostilities. Issues and proposals for the choice of rational modes of operation of CHP in the conditions of primary fuel shortage, reduction of electrical loads of the energy system, the risk of possible damage to energy equipment during hostilities and in the postwar recovery. It is proposed to develop and implement in the practice of planning the development of survivability criteria of stations with connected district heating systems. References 7, figures 4.

Solar energy development in households: ways to improve state policy in Ukraine and Latvia

ABSTRACT The paper investigates state policy to promote solar energy in Latvia’s and Ukraine’s households. Comparing different approaches to stimulating sectors’ development in both countries, the article evaluates the economic efficiency of solar power plants implementation based on the Levelized Cost of Electricity method and investment projects payback periods. The calculations were performed for solar power plants installed capacities ranging from 1 to 30 kW. The results revealed the fundamental differences in solar energy advancement due to the existing support mechanisms in the countries. While high feed-in tariff rates contribute to the rapid deployment of solar power plants in Ukraine’s, Latvia’s net-metering system hinders solar energy development in households. The research forms recommendations for improving policy by adjusting Ukrainian feed-in tariffs to trends in reducing solar energy costs, introducing solar energy in the Mandatory Procurement Component for Latvia, and applying preferential public financing to solar power plants construction in both states. Highlights State policy to promote solar energy in Ukraine’s and Latvia’s homes is analyzed The economic efficiency of small solar power plants is estimated for both countries Feed-in tariff in Ukraine ensures a quick payback period for solar power projects Net metering in Latvia does not provide investment attractiveness of solar plants Both countries need energy policy changes for balanced solar power development