Sun Power Research Articles

Optimal investment policy in sharing and standalone economy for solar PV panel under operational cost

The transition to sustainable energy sources, driven by the need to address climate change and resource depletion, has led to the increasing adoption of renewable energy technologies. Among these sustainable alternatives, solar energy stands out prominently. Harnessing the power of the sun aligns with various Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by providing clean and affordable energy, promoting climate action, and supporting sustainable communities. Solar PV panels face challenges despite their advantages, including susceptibility to natural disruptions like hurricanes, hailstorms and extreme temperatures. In 2019, the solar energy sector experienced a stark contrast in losses, with average solar losses resulting from conventional natural disasters or severe weather conditions being nearly 24 times higher than the average losses unrelated to weather events. Furthermore, a significant 70% of solar losses within the past decade have emerged since 2017. Similarly, in 2019 hail storm damaged more than 400,000 solar panels and caused insurance losses totaling $70 million in Texas. The research addresses the effect of natural disruptions on investment decisions. It explores the viability of a sharing economy business model that allows multiple participants to collectively invest in solar PV systems and share the benefits to ensure the future expansion of solar PV installations. The study formulates the problem as a game theory model to strategize and find optimal solutions for both the standalone economy and sharing economy scenarios, considering operational costs, net metering and the unpredictability of natural disasters. By providing valuable insights into the dynamics of the PV market with the help of computational results, the research aims to enhance the resilience of solar installations and promote sustainable energy practices. Through this work, individuals and communities can make informed investment decisions, contributing to a cleaner, greener and more sustainable world.

E-CARGO BICYCLE

The previous year's research offered a model for forecasting parcel demand and simulating parcel delivery tours utilizing cargo bicycles. This year, the concept has been upgraded to include new components that improve the efficiency and sustainability of the cargo bicycle system.One of the newly additional components is the battery, which powers the cargo bicycle's engine. This allows the cyclist to go longer distances and carry larger weights while exerting less physical effort. The motor is controlled by a throttle, which allows the rider to modify the pace of the cargo bicycle as needed.Another new addition is the solar power tracker, which uses the power of the sun to replenish the battery when the cargo bicycle is parked or in use. This eliminates the need for external charging sources while also promoting sustainability through the use of renewable energy sources.The revised research highlights the benefits of employing cargo bicycles in urban delivery systems by modeling alternative shares of cargo bicycles and motorized vans, as well as changing micro depot densities and parcel demand intensities. According to the study, the newly added components improve the cargo bicycle system's efficiency and sustainability, making it a viable alternative to motorized delivery trucks in metropolitan settings.Overall, the new project is useful for urban planners and politicians interested in supporting sustainable mobility options. It demonstrates the use of cargo bicycles, particularly when integrated with cutting- edge technologies such as batteries, motors, throttles, and solar power trackers.

Barriers of Solar System Implementation towards Energy Efficiency for Mosques

Solar system implementation has significant potential for enhancing energy efficiency and fostering sustainability in a variety of industries. Solar system installation in mosques and other religious buildings may increase energy efficiency, decrease environmental impact, and conform to sustainability principles. Moreover, mosques and religious buildings are vital community hubs with a substantial energy supply. By utilising the sun's power, mosques can serve as beacons for the widespread adoption of renewable energy within their communities. Numerous mosques in Malaysia have already started using this solar system to make their buildings more energy efficient. The aim of this study is to identify the obstacles to installing solar energy systems in mosques. Quantitative method was adopted for this study by using questionnaires survey. The data of 40 respondents from chairman or the committee member of the mosques that implement solar system was analysed by using Social Science Statistical Package (SPSS). The findings of the study indicate that high installation costs, lack of financial support, and high maintenance costs are the primary obstacles to the implementation of solar systems in mosques. These results should be considered in planning solar implementation in mosque or any religious buildings.

A COMPARISON BETWEEN THE CANAANITE AND SAWIAN CIVILIZATIONS

The planning and construction of ancient dwellings are the most attractive things, as they are considered a picturesque civilization that one can experience. This demonstrates the ancient heritage of these nations who worked and are among the historical origins of the archaeological world. The different stages are basic elements of the study of archaeological science. They give us approximately the true images of the history of ancient cities such as the period and manner of their constitution, as well as those of the materials with which they were built. In this context, a similarity appears in the contribution of the two heritages of the Sao and the canon in many aspects such as cultural and industrial. The work thus appears in both and the researcher encounters certain problems which make them tired of approaching in order to highlight their objective in the context of origins and references. The process of creating cities, temples, forts and walls on the outskirts of everything on the four cardinal points is intended for protection against attacks from external enemies, but the recognition of the Sao and Canonical cities is also that of the existence of small autonomous towns independent of each other; each having its own way of managing itself, without external intervention. The Phoenician peoples discovered trade through their navigation of the oceans in a very ancient era due to the small area of their cultivable land. In the meantime, the Sao people were preoccupied with agriculture and the manufacture of metals and pottery based on fired ceramics and clay without commercializing it. Thus, the Sao people and civilization is called The civilization of pottery (clay). Both civilizations are represented by the mode of burial of their dead in rough pottery jars not showing the facial features in their entirety, but orienting the face towards the sun. Thus, alluding to the power of the sun, they make human sacrifices to repel epidemics and disasters, whether internal or external. This practice shows their belief in resurrection after death, hence the burial of their dead with all the material belonging to and having served the deceased before their death. The Canaanite civilization arrived in Chad from different points; and different palpable evidence proves its existence in certain regions and zones of Chad, particularly Sahelian including those of Abéché, Arada and its surroundings like the effect of embers. The Sao people have mastered the technique of heating metals and the high temperature that lead to the melting of iron, their specialty. The word Sao is of Amharic origin and means “Human”. This people experienced unrest at the time of the ancient empire of 3500-2000 BC, having motivated the people to obtain privileges long reserved for the pharaohs. Likewise, in the middle dynasty of 2000 -1580 B.C., Pharaoh Amen Haout I from the south led wars against the Amalike Arab tribes coming from Asia and expelled them in 1700 B.C. During these invasions and upheavals, the Amalike tribes were able to invade Egypt and establish Dynasties ranging from the XIVth to the XVIIth. Other views revealed that the Egyptians attempted to penetrate deep into the African continent along the Nile to the Fourth Cataract. They would also have diverted access and incursion towards the Lake Chad Basin through the ancient valleys on the left bank of the Nile

Solar Panel Study in the Desert Climate of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

The negative effects of climate change and global warming are no longer a futuristic issue to deal with. This is the result of the continued and extensive use of fossil fuels and subsequent greenhouse gasses emissions such as CO2. Earth has been warming at an alarmingly fast pace the last 40 years due to greenhouse gas emission and the trapping of heat in the atmosphere. To slow down and eliminate this unnatural warming rate a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions is essential. This is accomplished by an increase in the deployment and use of clean renewable energy. Solar energy continues to play a significant role in the clean energy shift due to the abundance and unlimited supply of energy provided by the sun. The use of solar energy is on an exponential rise thanks to recent government policies to reduce emissions. For example, solar energy production in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) from 2009-2019 shows an exponential rise starting in 2016 reaching almost 3500 GWh of production in 2019 [1]. The UAE is also home to the Mohammed Bin Rashid Al Maktoum solar park. The largest single site solar park the world. This project will help reduce more than 6.5 million tons of emissions and will have capacity of 5000 megawatts [2].The United Arab Emirates is an ideal region for solar due the amount of sunshine and with very few cloudy/rainy days. However, desert climates have their own unique challenges, such as extreme heat and soling. Temperatures can reach above 40 in summer months in the UAE with high humidity and effect of soiling from dust is not very well understood [3]. Also, what is important is finding the optimal angle and direction of roof top solar panels to maximize the power and limit these negative effects.In this work, we studied a real solar panel on the rooftop in Abu Dhabi. The solar panel was bought from a local vendor in the UAE. The solar panel is polysilicon with specs: 10W, Vmp 18V, Imp 0.56A, Voc 24.4V and ISC 0.69A under AM1.5G at 25°C. We placed the panel on a roof top in Abu Dhabi at Khalifa University. To find the optimal angle and location we tested the panels at 12noon to maximum sun power. We first fixed the angle around 22° based on literature, and then modified the direction from north, south, west and east to find which direction gave the peak. We found that south gave the highest power from the rest (10.32W). Then we changed from angle from this data from 0°-90° in steps of 10°. The data showed the maximum power is when panel is facing south with angle between 25°-30°. The optimum placement of solar panels is key in helping to mitigate the negative desert effects such at heat and soiling. In addition, to this study, we also studied the panel for a continuous period to see effects of soling and longer-term heat exposure. More on this data will be added to in the poster to be presented.In summary, the use for solar panels is key to help prevent the negative effect of climate change. In desert like conditions, while there is plenty of sunshine, the negative effects of soling and temperature is not fully studied yet. Finding the optimum, angle and direction is key it get the peak performance of the panel and helping to mitigate some of these negative effects. Also studying the long-term effects of the temperature and soiling is important. Finally, knowing the negative effects can help researchers find new materials and solutions for solar cells for desert like environments.[1] E. Agency, "Renewables Information," July 2021. [Online].[2] T. National, "Road to Net Zero," 09 May 2019. [Online][3] O. Albadwawi et al., "Quantification of spectral losses of Natural soiling and detailed microstructural analysis of Dust collected from Different locations in Dubai, UAE," 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC), 2019, pp. 3115-3118, doi: 10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.8980937. Figure 1

Utilizing Solar Power for Communication and Illumination in Disaster Zones

Abstract Natural disasters often occur on this earth, especially in Indonesia. There are several types of disasters that occur, namely: geological disasters, hydrometeorological disasters and others. This natural disaster caused quite a lot of casualties and not a few material. Good post-natural disaster management is necessary to minimize the number of victims of a disaster. One form of handling this natural disaster is by providing electrical energy that can be used to provide lighting and communication systems. The provision of electrical energy consists of several integrated systems to form a compact, simple and efficient unit. This tool consists of a Solar Power Generation system, GenSet system, inverter system, Change Over Switch system and Global Positioning System system. This tool is named SUNPO which stands for Sun Power or Solar Power. With this SUNPO, it can function as a power supply to power direct current loads and alternating current loads. If the solar power is not enough to charge the battery then the system can be operated with a GenSet. Meanwhile, to find out the position of SUNPO, a Global Positioning System is also installed.
 Highlights:
 
 
 Effective Disaster Response: Efficient post-disaster management is crucial to minimize casualties and damage caused by natural disasters, especially in Indonesia.
 
 
 SUNPO Tool Integration: The SUNPO (Sun Power) tool integrates solar power generation, GenSet backup, inverter, changeover switch, and GPS systems to provide a reliable and compact solution for electricity supply in disaster-stricken areas.
 
 
 Dual Power Source: SUNPO offers dual power sources - solar energy and GenSet - ensuring continuous electricity supply for both direct and alternating current loads, enhancing communication and lighting systems for affected communities.
 
 
 Keywords: Natural disasters, Post-disaster management, SUNPO, Solar Power, Global Positioning System.

Electricity transportation using HVDC technology for Algerian southern sun power plants

Electricity transportation using HVDC technology for Algerian southern sun power plants

Sustainability Performance Evaluation of Solar Panels Using Multi Criteria Decision Making Techniques

Researchers from all around the world had worked tirelessly to find ways to lower the cost of solar panels, create more efficient new goods, boost their fuel efficiency, and create innovations and largely dependent on photovoltaic system technology. When compared to other forms of non-conventional energy, such as wind and tidal, solar has been one of the most widely employed resources. To harness the power of the sun using photovoltaics, one needs a photovoltaic system. Research into improving the cost-effectiveness of solar panels, which play a crucial part in photovoltaic systems, is a global endeavour. The process of choosing solar panels is nuanced, encompassing a wide range of subjective and objective considerations. To choose the best solar cell for a PV array, we use the VIKOR (VIekriterijumsko KOmpromisno Rangiranje) and TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) techniques. Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and a resemblance to ideal result ordering technique, the study’s goals were satisfied. VIKOR and other MCDM tools like the AHP and TOPSIS are used to rank candidates in terms of performance. An in-depth case study was conducted using six different kinds of solar panels to show how well the approaches work.

Light-assistance in nitrogen fixation to ammonia by highly dispersed Cs-promoted Ru clusters supported on ZrO2

Light-assisted N2 fixation to NH3 under mild conditions is attracting massive attention to circumvent energy crisis and global warming. Herein, highly dispersed Cs-decorated Ru sub-nanometric clusters supported on ZrO2 NPs have been prepared by means of MOF-templated transformation method. The obtained catalyst exhibited N2 hydrogenation activity of 1.6 mmolNH3 gcat−1 h−1 in the dark (350 °C, 0.1 MPa). Remarkably this value increased by over 300 %, reaching 5.1 mmolNH3 gcat−1 h−1 (204 mmolNH3 gRu−1 h−1) under 1 Sun power illumination (1080 W/m2) The influence of the incident light wavelength has been evaluated, revealing 81 % and 213 % enhancement in the NIR and visible region, respectively. DFT calculations were carried out to understand the static adsorption states of Ru sub-nanoclusters. Mechanistic studies have confirmed the co-existence of a photothermal and a nonthermal-hot electron mechanism. XPS, PXRD and FTIR analysis have determined that the Cs species block surface Zr4+ acidity, increasing the basicity of the ZrO2 support. Moreover, partially reduced Csδ+ (0 <δ < 1) species surrounding the Ru active sites are donating electron density to the adjacent Ru sites, favoring N2 adsorption and subsequent activation. Finally, this photocatalyst has shown an extended stability for 100 h irradiation under continuous flow.

Wind energy: History, basic principles, implement, environmental and economic impacts

Wind power is a conversion shape of sun power, a non-polluting, inexhaustible renewable power. Wind power is especially used to generate electricity, in comparison with conventional power, wind electricity era has no gasoline fee risk, strong electricity era expenses, and does now no longer consist of environmental expenses along with carbon emissions. In positive locations, wind electricity has emerge as much less high-priced than different generators. Wind power is one of the lowest-cost sources of electricity, and wind power facilities are mostly three-d facilities, the use of suitable machines at suitable locations, with low harm to land and ecology. The percentage of wind electricity era has grown twenty-4 instances from 2000 to 2015, and we are able to see the improvement ability of wind power. This paper especially discusses the records of wind power, financial effects, environmental impact, implementation, and concepts of wind turbines. This paper can permit readers understand the simple data and modern-day state of affairs of wind power, and feature a positive knowledge of the concepts of wind turbines.

Design and Implementation of Solar Powered Mobile Phone Fast Charging Station for Campus

Abstract: The proliferation of mobile phone usage has become ubiquitous on college campuses, leading to a heightened demand for accessible and sustainable charging facilities. This research project aims to address this need by designing and implementing a solar-powered mobile phone charging station tailored to the unique requirements of a campus environment. By harnessing solar energy as a clean and renewable power source, the proposed solution aims to provide an environmentally friendly charging option for students, staff, and visitors. The project encompasses the design, development, and testing of a solar-powered charging station that integrates various components such as solar panels, charge controllers, batteries for energy storage, power management circuitry, and a user interface. The design process will involve careful consideration of factors such as power generation capacity, energy storage capabilities, user interface design, and system scalability to ensure an optimal and efficient solution. Efficient energy management is crucial for the successful operation of the charging station. To this end, the project will focus on implementing advanced techniques such as maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and battery management algorithms to optimize power generation, storage, and utilization. This approach will help maximize the efficiency and reliability of the charging station while ensuring a consistent supply of power to meet the charging needs of users. Additionally, the project will develop a user-friendly interface that enables seamless operation and monitoring of the charging station. The interface will provide real-time information on power availability, charging status, and system diagnostics, ensuring a user-friendly and intuitive experience for users. User feedback and input will be incorporated into the design process to enhance usability and accessibility. The implementation and testing phase of the project will involve deploying the designed charging station on the campus premises. Performance evaluations will be conducted to assess factors such as charging efficiency, reliability, and system scalability. Data on solar energy generation, energy consumption, and user feedback will be collected and analysed to evaluate the effectiveness of the solar-powered charging solution in a campus environment. The anticipated outcomes of this research project include the design and implementation of a solar-powered mobile phone charging station specifically tailored to campus usage. Furthermore, the project will deliver an advanced energy management system that optimizes power generation, storage, and utilization. The development of a user-friendly interface will ensure easy operation and monitoring of the charging station, enhancing the overall user experience. The research findings will provide valuable insights into the system's performance, efficiency, reliability, and scalability. Additionally, an economic and environmental assessment will highlight the benefits of adopting solar-powered charging solutions on campus, including reduced carbon emissions and energy costs. In conclusion, the design and implementation of a solar-powered mobile phone charging station for campus usage will provide an innovative and sustainable solution to meet the increasing demand for charging facilities. By harnessing the power of the sun, this research project aims to offer a convenient, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective charging option for mobile devices on campus. The outcomes of this research will contribute to the promotion of sustainable energy practices, reduce the carbon footprint of campuses, and enhance the overall campus experience for students, staff, and visitors.

Integrated Energy Creation Using Wind Energy and Solar Energy

Electricity is one of the most important things for our daily lives in today's technology-driven environment. We are all unaware of the reality that renewable energy sources are exhausting at a breakneck pace. So it's time to switch our attention from conventional to unconventional energy sources to generate electricity. When compared to traditional sources, non-conventional sources produce less electricity overall. The environment is not harmed by the use of renewable resources. In essence, a solar-wind hybrid system combines a solar energy plant with a wind energy plant. It will contribute to ensuring a steady supply of power. The hybrid system can be applied to both household and commercial settings. Solar-wind hybrid structures are essentially a combination of wind and sun power flowers. The main rotor shaft of horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWTs) is a particular design of wind turbines. One benefit of this configuration is that solar panels and generators can both be installed near the ground, creating a hybrid system. This electricity can be used for a variety of things. At a reasonable price, electricity will be generated. The goal of this project is to generate electricity from two sources simultaneously at a low cost without endangering the delicate balance of nature.

Failures of Social License put Technology Rather than People First

Celebrating the Abstract Perceptions of FusionFusion energy offers great promise and hope, two attributes of the energy transition that are in great demand among many audiences. Unlocking the power of the sun on earth opens enormous possibilities. The promise of disconnecting energy production from geography inspires a rethinking of how energy supply chains function altogether. After decades of public sector investment to expand the bounds of fusion knowledge, the private sector’s enthusiasm reflects crucial progress towards commercial prospects to benefit an evolving planet.Fusion’s most recent appeal reflects the growing urgency for greenhouse gas reductions. To stay associated with the climate movement, the nascent fusion sector must recognize their technologies represent a means to an end, not the desired result. Climate changes threaten the human population and the natural systems that sustain it. Modern societies function with tremendous amounts of electricity; and each generation source will leave its own environmental impact. As a result, the energy transition will be phased and evolving as efforts must address not only electricity production but energy use in transportation and industry as well. In the assessment of Arthur D. Little consultants, “Despite extensive efforts, we have a long way to go before achieving a low-carbon economy [3]”.So far, the private fusion sector has received a warm welcome. More and more mainstream environmentalists accept that electricity providers will need to supplement the global energy mix with firm, carbon-free alternatives. Weather-dependent sources like wind and solar must be expanded further but continue to emerge as ultimately insufficient. The potential for fusion, grid-scale storage and deep rock geothermal will continue to evolve as energy demand grows to meet future needs [4, 5].Calls for enhanced stakeholder engagement in the incipient private fusion sector reflect growing sensitivity to issues of environmental and social justice in the broader sector. They speak to a crucial need to reset the relationship between societies and energy systems. However, focus on fusion technology itself will fail in the quest for upstream stakeholder engagement. A technology-first approach immediately engages stakeholders with focus on their deficient knowledge of fusion physics rather than creating an equitable dynamic for exchange.Senior Lecturer at the University of Melbourne, Darrin Durant, offers a useful critique in Arena Magazine. He notes the failures of science communication in the fusion domain, particularly around the difficulties of enabling non-technical audiences to appreciate fusion performance. He writes, “The most accurate way of communicating fusion performance would be with the Q plasma with reference to the Q gain expected to be required for commercialization.” He goes on to explain how radically different these values would be for tokamaks and lasers, concluding, “You can already see how difficult it is to package that set of information in a two-sentence soundbite [6]”.Indeed. The fusion sector is currently competing on performance measures which remain irrelevant to the average person on the street. This makes stakeholder engagement more difficult. Fusion media coverage and marketing materials invite readers to infer that today’s evidence is sufficient to deliver on near-term milestones. This may be adequate and accurate information for investor audiences, and it delivers on important business goals. However, it lends itself to misinterpretation of outside energy sector insiders, leading to debate over what is fact, hype, or dishonesty.The private sector will continue to cater to its distinct and diverse audiences. In pursuit of public understanding of fusion energy’s risks and benefits, the gap between what is relevant to investors in fusion versus what consumers want to know will generate confusion.

Review of Various Technologies for Solar Vegetable Cart

Abstract: The solar vegetable cart is a sustainable and environmentally friendly solution for the transportation and sale of fresh produce. This innovative cart is equipped with solar panels, which power a refrigeration system that keeps vegetables fresh and nutritious. The cart is designed to be lightweight, easy to manage, and customizable to suit the needs of individual farmers or vendors. By harnessing the power of the sun, the solar vegetable cart reduces reliance on non-renewable energy sources and minimizes carbon emissions. It is an ideal solution for farmers markets, street vendors, and mobile grocers who want to provide fresh, healthy produce to their customers while reducing their environmental impact.

Integrated Power System Using Wind and Solar Energy

Abstract: Electricity is one of the most important things for our daily lives in today's technology-driven environment. We are all unaware of the reality that renewable energy sources are exhausting at a breakneck pace. So it's time to switch our attention from conventional to unconventional energy sources in order to generate electricity. When compared to traditional sources, nonconventional sources produce less electricity overall. The environment is not harmed by the use of renewable resources. In essence, a solar-wind hybrid system combines a solar energy plant with a wind energy plant. It will contribute to ensuring a steady supply of power. The hybrid system can be applied to both household and commercial settings. Solar-wind hybrid structures are essentially a combination of wind and sun power flowers. The main rotor shaft of horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWTs) is a particular design of wind turbine. One benefit of this configuration is that solar panels and generators can both be installed near to the ground, creating a hybrid system. This electricity can be used for a variety of things. At a reasonable price, electricity will be generated. The goal of this project is to generate electricity from two sources simultaneously at a low cost without endangering the delicate balance of nature.

Solar Energy Storage by Fuel Cell Technology at Abomey-Calavi (Benin)

West Africa has a great amount of sunshine power, varying between 5 kWh.m^{-2}.day^{-1} and 7 kWh.m^{-2}.day^{-1}. This power constitutes high energy source in the region. However, several locations in that area have no access to energy because of the lack of suitable technology and projects exploiting the source. The fundamental problem related to sun power or to renewable energies in general is the lack of efficient technology for energy storage. Batteries are generally used for this storage, but once charged, the excess of the energy from the solar photovoltaic panels (PV) is lost. Therefore, it is very important to find a system to recover the excess in order to optimize its use. In this context, hydrogen is considered a very promising candidate to fulfill this function and could become a highly developed energy vector in the future. The very numerous works undertaken over the past decade for the production of electricity by hydrogen fuel cells bear witness to this. The objective of this study is to test a more reliable solar energy storage system by using fuel cell technology. To achieve this, three steps have been necessary: (i) make an electrolyser using materials, (ii) produce hydrogen using a system of PV panels and (iii) convert the hydrogen produced into electricity through a fuel cell. The results obtained indicate a production of 0.020 m^3 of hydrogen after 150 min with a yield of 85.86%. The production of electricity by a 2 V fuel cell gives an efficiency of 0.0042%. Even if this value is low, a part of the lost energy has been recovered. In view of these results, the improvement of the device for converting chemical energy into electricity deserves to be deeply explored in West Africa.

Implementation of BLDC Motor in a Solar Water Pumping System

A sun water pumping system is a greater efficient water pumping system with the use of a renewable electricity supply this is Sun, and it can be used with greater effectiveness in houses, and fields. Until now sun water pumping devices is administered by the use of a submersible motor pump best however the submersible motor pump has its risks in terms its velocity, and torque. So one can reduce those risks and run the solar water pumping device extra correctly and efficaciously and the submersible motor pump is replaced by way of the BLDC motor and development inside the velocity, torque is located, then the submersible water motor pump. To obtain this, a solar photovoltaic (PV) array converts sun power into electrical energy, and the BLDC is rotated using the electricity that was obtained. A pump consists of the water pumping, that's connected to the BLDC is used. A PSO set of rules is used to grow the electricity output using an intermediate-degree DC-DC converter, to provide faster performance; a PV feed-forward period time is added. This topology is simulated and MATLAB/Simulink simulation assessments under numerous air situations are used to illustrate its reaction. A modified grey PSO optimization for a sun device is based on most strength point tracking. A quick seek method to the global most factor in a shorter quantity of time is furnished via the changed PSO, which gets rid of the lower-rank and lowest-rank wolves. The MPPT is primarily based on PSO. The Simulink version is constructed and simulated with the use of MATLAB/Simulink; the required effects are acquired and tabulated.

Cover Feature: Diquat Based Dyes: A New Class of Photoredox Catalysts and Their Use in Aerobic Thiocyanation (Chem. Eur. J. 22/2023)

From diquat to dye-cat: More than just a herbicide, the reversibly reducible diquat moiety now harnesses the power of the sun. Incorporated into donor–acceptor dyes we developed, as well as into charge–transfer complexes we observed, diquat is enabled to absorb visible light. This allowed the use of these systems in the photocatalytic thiocyanation of various indoles and pyrroles, with air as the oxidant. More information can be found in the Research Article by R. Wilhelm and co-workers (DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203541).

Optimizing Decision-Making of A Smart Prosumer Microgrid Using Simulation

Distributed renewable energy sources offer significant alternatives for Qatar and the Arab Gulf region’s future fuel supply and demand. Microgrids are essential for providing dependable power in difficult-to-reach areas while incorporating significant amounts of renewable energy sources. In energy-efficient data centers, distributed generation can be used to meet the facility’s overall power needs. This study primarily focuses on the best energy management practices for a smart microgrid in Qatar while taking demand-side load management into account. This article looked into a university microgrid in Qatar that primarily aimed to get all of its energy from the grid. While diesel generators are categorized as a dispatchable distributed generation with energy storage added to handle solar radiation from the sun and high grid power operating costs in the suggested scenario, wind turbines and solar Photovoltaic (PV) are classified as non-dispatchable distributed generators. The resulting linear math issues are assessed and displayed in MATLAB optimization software using a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) strategy. According to the simulation results, the suggested energy management strategy reduced the university microgrid’s grid power costs by 38.8%, making it an affordable solution which is somehow greater than the prior case scenario’s 23% savings. The installed solar system capacity’s effects on the economy, society, and finances were also assessed, and it became clear that the best option for the smart microgrid was determined that would be 325 kW of solar PV, 25 kW of wind turbine, and 600 kW of diesel generators, respectively. Given the current situation, university administrators are urged to participate in distributed generators and adopt cutting-edge designs for energy storage technologies due to the significant environmental and financial benefits.

Power Control Strategy for Hybrid System Using Three-Level Converters for an Insulated Micro-Grid System Application

This paper presents a simulation of an insulated micro-grid system based on the three-level converters control for energy management. Different renewable power sources (wind turbine and Photovoltaic (PV) energy systems) are used to energize the micro-grid. However, a battery energy storage system (BESS) and a variable diesel generator are also used to improve the reliability of the system. The contribution of this research is focused on the power control method based on improving the quality of energy transfer, mastering dynamic interactions and maximum energy production from renewable energies to reduce the fuel consumption by the diesel. Firstly, the proposed control model for each renewable energy was carried out through simulation in the environments of Matlab and Simulink to test the robustness and performance. The second part of this research is dedicated to managing the sharing of power between load, generators, and storage systems by extracting the references of power. The three-level PWM rectifiers for variable speed diesel generators was used to maintain and control the DC bus voltage of the isolated micro-grid. The results obtained from simulations show a good correlation between static and dynamic systems even for fluctuating sun power and wind speed.