Power Of Test Research Articles

Chemical profiling and bioactivity studies on aerial parts Ammoides atlantica (Coss. et Durieu) H. Wolff

The Algerian endemic plant Ammoides atlantica (Coss. et Durieu) H. Wolff was studied for the chemical profiling and biological activities of its essential oil (EO) and ethanolic extract (EE). The chemical analysis by GC/MS and HPLC/DAD/UV revealed, respectively, the major compounds thymol (39.46%), γ-terpinene (31.74%), and p-cymene (19.01%) in the EO, and apigenin (33.58%), luteolin 7-O-glucoside (20.09%), and luteolin (14.39%) in the EE. The EO exhibited strong antioxidant activity, with a significant ABTS•+ scavenging capacity (IC50 = 2.79 µg/mL) compared to EE, Trolox, and BHT. The EE showed comparable effects to BHT in DPPH scavenging and reducing power tests. Moreover, the EO demonstrated noteworthy antibacterial activity against S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa, with inhibition zone diameters ranging from 32.1 to 70 mm and MICs below 0.3 to 5 mg/mL. Furthermore, the EE exhibited strong anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting hemolysis of red blood cells >70% at a concentration of 20 µg/mL.

The paradox of global capitalism in crisis and global popular free mobilisation: The merger of the tourist and the temporary resident

Instability is inherent in global capitalism, impacting all countries, particularly those directly reliant on this economic framework. The USA shapes tourism metrics in dependent nations and influences inbound tourism spending. Using logarithmic models and power tests, the study delineated four dynamic fields (Cn) supporting the thesis of the fusion of tourism and temporary residency. This study demonstrates that tourism and migration correlate with political, economic, and social instability, as evidenced by high statistical correlations. Variance increases during instability, leading to more residency petitions per tourist entry. This pattern is repeated during three major crises: the 2008–2009 financial crisis, the 2011–2013 conflicts in the Middle East and Africa, and the 2016–2017 regional political turmoil and Venezuelan migration. Economic classification tests confirm the association between instability, armed conflict, and heightened tourism and residency tendencies. Tourism income rises steadily, and residency averages increase, especially during periods of regional instability. The study highlights the tight link between tourism and migration with political, economic, and social instability. The statistical analysis reveals significant correlations, showing higher residency pressure during unstable periods. The applied tests confirm that countries in turmoil exhibit heightened tourism and migration tendencies.

Performance and Fatigue Patterns in Elite Cyclists During 6 h of Simulated Road Racing.

Fatigue resistance is vital for success in elite road cycling, as repeated, intense efforts challenge the athletes' ability to sustain peak performance throughout prolonged races. The present study combined recurrent performance testing and physiological measures during 6 h simulated racing with laboratory testing to investigate factors influencing fatigue resistance. Twelve male national elite cyclists (25 ± 3 years; 76 ± 6 kg and VO2max of 5.2 ± 0.5 L/min) completed incremental power and maximal fat oxidation tests. Subsequently, they underwent field testing with physiological measures and fatigue responses evaluated through peak sprint power and 5 km time trial (TT) testing after 0, 2, 4, and 6 h of exercise. Peak power declined from 1362 ± 176 W in first sprint to 1271 ± 152 W after 2 h (p < 0.01) and then stabilized. In contrast, TT mean power gradually declined from 412 ± 38 W in the first TT to 384 ± 41 W in the final trial, with individual losses ranging from 2% to 14% and moderately correlated (r2 = 0.45) to accumulated exercise time above lactate threshold. High carbohydrate intake (~90 g/h) maintained blood glucose levels, but post-TT [lactate] decreased from 15.1 ± 2 mM to 7.1 ± 2.3 mM, while fat oxidation increased from 0.7 ± 0.3 g/min at 0 h to 1.1 ± 0.1 g/min after 6 h. The study identifies fatigue patterns in national elite cyclists. Peak sprint power stabilized after an initial impairment from 0 to 2 h, while TT power gradually declined over the 6 h simulated race, with increased differentiation in fatigue responses among athletes.

Assessment of the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of hydrolysates from lupine (Lupinus mutabilis) flour

Lupine (Lupinus mutabilis) is a seed commonly used as a staple food in the Mediterranean region and South America, particularly in Ecuador, where it has been consumed for centuries. Known for its high protein content (45%), lupine could serve as an important source for producing protein isolates, concentrates, and hydrolysates with bioactive capacities. To address this potential, our research aimed to evaluate the effect of the type of flour and hydrolysis conditions (enzyme and time) on the antioxidant and antimicrobial capacities of lupine hydrolysates. Thus, two types of flour were prepared: raw flour (RF) and debittered and defatted flour (DDF). Subsequently, enzymatic hydrolysis was conducted using three different enzymes (pancreatin, papain, and endopeptidase), and the hydrolysates were collected at various time points: 4 and 48 hours. Antioxidant capacity was assessed using the Oxygen Radical Absorption Capacity (ORAC) test and the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) test. Additionally, antimicrobial capacity was evaluated by measuring the inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The results showed hydrolysates treated with pancreatin at 4 hours from raw flour exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity, while debittered and defatted hydrolysates treated with pancreatin at 48 hours demonstrated the highest antimicrobial capacity. Overall, these findings highlight lupine as a valuable source for obtaining hydrolysates with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Furthermore, the type of flour and hydrolysis conditions (enzyme and time) significantly affected the bioactive capacities.

Penentuan Formulasi Terbaik Pembuatan Sampo Kendaraan Berbahan Dasar Sisa Produk Sampo di Industri Sampo

This research aims to process remaining shampoo products originating from the sampo industry into vehicle shampoo so that it has sales value and also has good quality. Determining the formulation for making this vehicle shampoo uses the trial and error method. After that, the variation data obtained will be tested through a pH test, density test, viscosity test, foam power test and corrosivity test. The results obtained are that the remaining variation data for the 25 mL shampoo product is the most optimal data because it meets the requirements for pH, density, viscosity and foaming test results. The results obtained from the variation data to make the best formulation were 47% remaining shampoo, 8% LAS, 8% NaCl (0.5 N), 8% NaOH (0.1 N), 0.4% Essense (Bubble Gum). %, and Aquadest 30%. This formulation produces a pH value of 7.18. Meanwhile, the density is 1.0257 g/cm3. The viscosity of this composition is 2.999 Pa.s. The stability of the foam power is 66,7% and the corrosion resistance test results get a value of 0.145655 mm/year or in the "Good" category in terms of corrosion resistance.

Analisis Jumlah Lubang Injektor dan Nilai Oktan Terhadap Kinerja Motor Bensin

The rapid development of the automotive sector in electronic systems is accompanied by an increase in injector types that have different numbers of holes, especially on motorbikes. It is hoped that the different number of holes in the injector will have certain advantages which are expected to improve its performance. This research aims to determine the effect of using variations in the number of holes in the injector and the octane value of the fuel on petrol motor power. The research method uses experiments with descriptive analysis. The independent variable is the number of holes in the injector, 4, 6, and 8 and the octane value of the fuel is 90 and 92. In the power testing process using engine speed from 1000 rpm to 9000 rpm and the bound variable is the power. The results of this research show that there is a significant influence with the greatest power on the type of injector with 4 holes and fuel with an octane value (RON) of 92, namely 6.072 [kW] at an engine speed of 6500 [rpm]. When using fuel with an octane rating (RON) of 90, the greatest power in the injector type with 6 holes is 5,451 [kW] at an engine speed of 7000 [rpm]. In general, all types of injectors can be used, because the difference in power produced is not too large.

Wild Thymus zygis L. ssp. gracilis and Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.: Chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of essential oils

Abstract Natural substances extracted from plants have been increasingly studied and recognized, recently. Essential oils (EOs), for example, possess antioxidant and antibacterial properties, enabling their application across different sectors like agro-food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. In Morocco, exceptional plant diversity, mirroring the diversity of ecosystems, has not yet revealed all its secrets. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the chemical composition and evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of EOs from Thymus zygis L. ssp. gracilis and Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. collected in the El Hoceima and Mamora regions, respectively. The EOs were extracted by hydrodistillation employing a Clevenger-type apparatus. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses identified 54 constituents representing 92.65% of the total for T. zygis and 55 components representing 99.60% for E. camaldulensis. The primary components found in the EO of T. zygis are δ-terpineol (27.64%), followed by δ-3-carene (15.7%), thymol (14.17%), and dehydrolinalool (4.99%). The main compounds in E. camaldulensis EO are 1,8-cineole (43.61%), γ-terpinene (11.71%), α-terpineol (10.58%), and p-cymene (4.93%). The antioxidant properties of these oils were investigated by utilization of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) test. The antibacterial activity was assessed against two Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and two Gram-negative bacteria (Micrococcus luteus and Escherichia coli). Both EOs showed significant antioxidant activity but were less effective than reference antioxidants quercetin and catechin. Antibacterial studies demonstrated strong activity of T. zygis and E. camaldulensis EOs against the studied bacteria, as well as good inhibitory properties (minimum inhibitory concentration).

High-dimensional causal mediation analysis by partial sum statistic and sample splitting strategy in imaging genetics application.

Causal mediation analysis provides a systematic approach to explore the causal role of one or more mediators in the association between exposure and outcome. In omics or imaging data analysis, mediators are often high-dimensional, which brings new statistical challenges. Existing methods either violate causal assumptions or fail in interpretable variable selection. Additionally, mediators are often highly correlated, presenting difficulties in selecting and prioritizing top mediators. To address these issues, we develop a framework using Partial Sum Statistic and Sample Splitting Strategy, namely PS5, for high-dimensional causal mediation analysis. The method provides a powerful global mediation test satisfying causal assumptions, followed by an algorithm to select and prioritize active mediators with quantification of individual mediation contributions. We demonstrate its accurate type I error control, superior statistical power, reduced bias in mediation effect estimation, and accurate mediator selection using extensive simulations of varying levels of effect size, signal sparsity, and mediator correlations. Finally, we apply PS5 to an imaging genetics dataset of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients ( N =8,897) in the COPDGene study to examine the causal mediation role of lung images ( p =5,810) in the associations between polygenic risk score and lung function and between smoking exposure and lung function, respectively. Both causal mediation analyses successfully estimate the global indirect effect and detect mediating image regions. Collectively, we find a region in the lower lobe of the right lung with a strong and concordant mediation effect for both genetic and environmental exposures. This suggests that targeted treatment toward this region might mitigate the severity of COPD due to genetic and smoking effects.

A rank-based adaptive independence test for high-dimensional data

There are lots of methods for complete independence test for high-dimensional random vector. However, it is difficult for practitioners to choose a powerful test because the true alternative hypothesis is unknown. Combining the L 2-type with the L ∞ -type test statistic, we propose a rank-based test method. From a technical point of view, the proposed test is distribution-free and consequently the corresponding critical values or p-values can be obtained by Monte Carlo methods. Compared with permutation or bootstrap test methods, the proposed test method saves calculation cost. Simulation results show that the resulting method has excellent performance with finite sample size. We also provide a real data application to demonstrate the practicality and effectiveness of the proposed test method.

Relationship between Arm Length, Power Arm Muscles and Power Lemb Muscles on Butterfly Style Swimming Achievement

This study aims to determine the relationship between arm length, arm muscle power and leg muscle power on butterfly swimming performance. This research uses a survey method. Data collection techniques use tests and measurements. The population in this study were swimming athletes aged 12 to 13 years in the Special Region of Yogyakarta Province. The research used was population research with a total of 27 athletes. The main instruments used are the arm length test, arm muscle power test, leg muscle power test and 25 meter butterfly swimming test. The data analysis used is the normality test, linearity test, correlation test and multiple regression analysis test with a significance level of 5%. The results showed that the relationship between arm length and butterfly swimming performance was 0.617, the relationship between arm muscle power and butterfly swimming performance was 0.460, the relationship between leg muscle power and butterfly swimming performance was 0.838 and the relationship between arm length, arm muscle power and leg muscle power on butterfly swimming performance is 0.897. The correlation between arm length is greater than arm muscle power because each athlete's butterfly swimming technique is not the same (how much the elbow bends when the arm is pulled).

A Nearly Similar Powerful Test for Mediation

A Nearly Similar Powerful Test for Mediation

Sit-to-Stand Power Is a Stronger Predictor of Gait Speed than Knee Extension Strength.

With a growing aging population, the routine assessment of physical function may become a critical component of clinical practice. The purpose of this cross-sectional study is to compare two common assessments of muscular function: (1) isometric knee extension strength (KES) and (2) sit-to-stand (STS) muscle power tests, in predicting objective physical function (i.e., gait speed) in aging adults. 84 adults (56% female, mean (SD) age = 66.6 (9.4) years) had their relative KES, STS power, usual gait speed (UGS), and fast gait speed (FGS) assessed. Multiple linear regression examined the associations between KES, STS power, and gait outcomes. When entered in separate models, KES and STS power were both independently associated with UGS and FGS (Std. β = 0.35-0.44 and 0.42-0.55 for KES and STS power, respectively). When entered in the same model, STS power was associated with UGS and FGS (Std. β = 0.37 [95%CI: 0.15, 0.58] and 0.51 [95%CI: 0.31, 0.70], respectively), while KES was only associated with FGS (Std. β = 0.25 [95%CI: 0.02, 0.48]). STS power seems to be a valid indicator of function in aging adults. Its feasibility as a screening tool for "low" function in the primary care setting should be explored.

Mitigating cascading failure in power grids with deep reinforcement learning-based remedial actions

Power grids are susceptible to cascading failure, which can have detrimental consequences for modern society. Remedial actions, such as proactive islanding, generator tripping, and load shedding, offer viable solutions to mitigate cascading failure in power grids. The success of applying these solutions lies in the timeliness and the appropriate choice of actions during the rapid propagation process of cascading failure. In this paper, we introduce an intelligent method that leverages deep reinforcement learning to generate adequate remedial actions in real time. A simulation model of cascading failure is first presented, which combines power flow distribution and the probabilistic failure mechanisms of components to accurately describe the dynamic cascading failure process. Based on this model, a Markov decision process is formulated to address the problem of deciding on the remedial actions as the failure propagates. Proximal Policy Optimization algorithm is then adapted for the training of underlying policies. Experiments are conducted on representative power test cases. Results demonstrate the out-performance of trained policy over benchmarks in both power preservation and decision times, thereby verifying its advantages in mitigating cascading failure in power grids.

Improvement of Bioactive Polyphenol Accumulation in Callus of Salvia atropatana Bunge.

Callus cultures of the Iranian medicinal plant Salvia atropatana were initiated from three-week-old seedlings on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and various cytokinins. Although all tested hormonal variants of the medium and explant enabled callus induction, the most promising growth was noted for N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N'-phenylurea (CPPU)-induced calli. Three lines obtained on this medium (cotyledon line-CL, hypocotyl line-HL, and root line-RL) were preselected for further studies. Phenolic compounds in the callus tissues were identified using UPLC-MS (ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry) and quantified with HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography). All lines exhibited intensive growth and contained twelve phenolic acid derivatives, with rosmarinic acid predominating. The cotyledon-derived callus line displayed the highest growth index values and polyphenol content; this was exposed to different light-emitting diodes (LED) for improving biomass accumulation and secondary metabolite yield. Under LED treatments, all callus lines exhibited enhanced RA and total phenolic content compared to fluorescent light, with the highest levels observed for white (48.5-50.2 mg/g dry weight) and blue (51.4-53.9 mg/g dry weight) LEDs. The selected callus demonstrated strong antioxidant potential in vitro based on the 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) tests. Our findings confirm that the S. atropatana callus system is suitable for enhanced rosmarinic acid production; the selected optimized culture provide high-quality plant-derived products.

Age-Related Aspects of Sex Differences in Event-Related Brain Oscillatory Responses: A Turkish Study.

Earlier research has suggested gender differences in event-related potentials/oscillations (ERPs/EROs). Yet, the alteration in event-related oscillations (EROs) in the delta and theta frequency bands have not been explored between genders across the three age groups of adulthood, i.e., 18-50, 51-65, and >65 years. Data from 155 healthy elderly participants who underwent a neurological examination, comprehensive neuropsychological assessment (including attention, memory, executive function, language, and visuospatial skills), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from past studies were used. The delta and theta ERO powers across the age groups and between genders were compared and correlational analyses among the ERO power, age, and neuropsychological tests were performed. The results indicated that females displayed higher theta ERO responses than males in the frontal, central, and parietal regions but not in the occipital location between 18 and 50 years of adulthood. The declining theta power of EROs in women reached that of men after the age of 50 while the theta ERO power was more stable across the age groups in men. Our results imply that the cohorts must be recruited at specified age ranges across genders, and clinical trials using neurophysiological biomarkers as an intervention endpoint should take gender into account in the future.

Smart Wireless Transducer Dedicated for Use in Aviation Laboratories.

Reliable testing of aviation components depends on the quality and configuration flexibility of measurement systems. In a typical approach to test instrumentation, there are tens or hundreds of sensors on the test head and test facility, which are connected by wires to measurement cards in control cabinets. The preparation of wiring and the setup of measurement systems are laborious tasks requiring diligence. The use of smart wireless transducers allows for a new approach to test preparation by reducing the number of wires. Moreover, additional functionalities like data processing, alarm-level monitoring, compensation, or self-diagnosis could improve the functionality and accuracy of measurement systems. A combination of low power consumption, wireless communication, and wireless power transfer could speed up the test-rig instrumentation process and bring new test possibilities, e.g., long-term testing of moving or rotating components. This paper presents the design of a wireless smart transducer dedicated for use with sensors typical of aviation laboratories such as thermocouples, RTDs (Resistance Temperature Detectors), strain gauges, and voltage output integrated sensors. The following sections present various design requirements, proposed technical solutions, a study of battery and wireless power supply possibilities, assembly, and test results. All presented tests were carried out in the Components Test Laboratory located at the Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute of Aviation.

Study on vibration characteristics of pump-turbines with different runner characteristics

Abstract In terms of the problems of large vibration pendulum in some working conditions and obvious vibration sensation in local plant and water delivery system of Heimifeng pumped storage power station, test and analysis were carried out on two different runner units before and after transformation in the same flow channel, revealing the difference of pressure pulsation transmission characteristics and vibration response of different runner hydrostatic interference. The test results show that the modified runner with long and short blades is feasible and effective for reducing the pressure pulsation caused by dynamic and static interference and controlling the vibration of the plant, which can provide a reference for the vibration of the unit and the plant in the same type of pumped storage power station.

To what extent do somatotype structures affect athletic performance in professional athletes?

This study aimed to ascertain the influence of somatotype structures on athletic performance among professional athletes. Twenty-eight professional athletes, comprising 14 handball players and 14 volleyball players, were enlisted as participants for this study. As per the methodology, evaluations encompassing explosive power, strength, flexibility, horizontal jump, agility, sprint, and hand-foot reaction tests were conducted. Following physiological assessments, parameters including body mass index, body fat percentage, and somatotype were computed. The impact of athletes' somatotype structures on their athletic performance was investigated employing linear regression analysis. The endomorphy value serves as a negative predictor (r2=0.159) for explosive power, whereas the mesomorphy (r2=0.204) and ectomorphy (r2=0.379) values act as positive predictors of explosive power. Ectomorphy value negatively predicts grip strength (r2=0.399) and back strength (r2=0.214), while mesomorphy value positively predicts grip strength (r2=0.233) and back strength (r=0.338; r2=0.114). Mesomorphy value negatively predicts flexibility (r2=0.247), long jump (r2=0.311), sprint (r2=0.256), and reaction (r2=0.133), whereas ectomorphy value positively predicts flexibility (r2=0.225), long jump (r2=0.463), sprint (r2=0.393), and reaction (r2=0.208). This study showed a correlation between various somatotype structures and indicators of athletic performance. Within this framework, it can be inferred that mesomorphy and ectomorphy values serve as reliable predictors of athletes' performance. Furthermore, individuals with elevated mesomorphy values may exhibit enhanced strength performance, while those with higher ectomorphy values may demonstrate superior flexibility performance. Hence, when designing training programs aimed at enhancing athletes' performance attributes, it is imperative to account for the influence of body type on such performances.

Recent progress of covalent organic frameworks in high selective separation of radionuclides

The utilization of nuclear energy power and nuclear weapon tests not only releases large amounts of radionuclides into environment, but also needs 235U as nuclear fuel for nuclear energy generation. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have the advantages of tunable porous structures, adjustable active sites and enough special functional groups, which assure the high selective preconcentration of target radionuclides from complex solutions. In this perspective, the selective extraction of radionuclides (U(VI) as representative cationic ion, Tc(VII) as representative anionic ion, I2 as gaseous nuclide and other nuclides) by COFs through sorption, and photocatalytic strategies are described, and the results show the high efficiency of COFs in target radionuclides removal. The perspective and challenges for the real applications of COFs in future are discussed in the end.Graphical

Analysis Level Physical Condition of Female Volleyball Athletes in Blitar City

This study aimed to analyze the physical condition of female volleyball athletes in Blitar City. A total of 50 athletes from various clubs and teams were assessed using a battery of physical fitness tests, including BMI, Strength, Endurance, Explosive power and Flexibility.The subjects of this research were 12 female athletes and received the same training program. Physical condition test for volleyball athletes based on BMI add up to 271.5 with an normal of 22.6 and ordinary category. Strength gets 551 comes about and an normal of 45.9 with the less category. Endurance is 380.6 with an normal of 31.7 and sufficient category. Explosive power totaled 589 with an normal of 49.1 within the adequate category. Flexibility totaled 493.4 with an normal of 41.1 and the category sufficient. BMI comes about get comes about with a rate of 58.3% within the typical category. Strength percentage is 41.6% within the less category. Continuance rate is 83.3% within the sufficient category. Explosive power comes about with a rate of 75% within the sufficient category. Flexibility with a rate of 66.6% within the sufficient category. Generally, the competitors appeared a moo level of physical wellness, with solid execution within the BMI, strength, flexibility, explosive power and endurance tests. In any case, there were varieties in execution levels among the competitors, demonstrating the require for individualized preparing programs.