Diesel Engine Power Research Articles

Exergy-based industrial ecology assessment of integrated and separated power and heat production systems

In this paper, exergy-based industrial ecology concept is demonstrated in terms of exergetic rate of resource depletion by analysing two different combined heat and power productions systems: the CGAM system and a Diesel Engine Powered Cogeneration (DEPC) system. The analysis indicates that exergy-based industrial ecology concept can be successfully applied to cogeneration systems, demonstrating advantages of integrated generation. The weighted depletion number for separate productions of electricity and steam is determined to be 0.673 whereas the value for the integrated CGAM system is 0.532. The corresponding depletion numbers for the DEPC system are determined to be 0.590 and 0.480, respectively. It is clear from these numerical results that separate power and heat production system causes greater non-renewable resource depletion when compared with integrated systems.

Analysis of tool wear, surface roughness and cutting power in the turning process of compact graphite irons with different titanium content

Due to its good mechanical properties, the Compacted (Vermicular) graphite cast iron (CGI) has found a lot of applications in the automobilistic field. One of the applications is the production of high power diesel engine blocks that, due to the higher strength compared to the usual gray cast iron, allows the increase of the pressure inside the cylinder and, consequently, production of high level of energy. The result is the better fuel burning what decreases the fuel consumption and the pollutants' emission levels. However, when CGI replaces gray cast iron, the machining processes used to produce the components are more difficult, with lower tool lives and higher power consumption. Moreover, because usually the raw material to produce cast products of CGI is selected from scrap, some residual level of titanium is present. Thus, the goal of this work is to study the influence of the titanium content (in residual levels) in the turning operation performance with carbide tools, using two cutting speeds. The results show that the alloys with the highest titanium content generated the shortest tool life, but the titanium content influenced neither power consumption nor workpiece surface roughness. Attrition/adhesion was the main tool wear mechanisms verified in this work.

Effect of rare earth additions on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91 magnesium alloys

In order to meet the demands of high temperature components in automobile, the microstructure and mechanical properties of several new die-casting AZ91-rare earth (RE) magnesium alloys were studied. The alloys were characterized by optical microscopy (OM), scan electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), tensile and creep tests. The results show that Ce addition has little effect on the mechanical properties of AZ91 alloy at high temperature, while Y and Nd addition play important role in the improvement of creep resistance. New alloys containing Y or Nd with excellent high temperature performance are selected to produce cylinder head cover of high power diesel engine of Red Flag car and oil pan of Besturn car. The new magnesium alloys with RE addition for die-casting have potential to produce power-train parts, and can greatly decrease weight.

Power and Exhaust Gas Characteristics of Small Type Diesel Engine Using Transesterified Waste Vegetable Oil (Part 1)

Power and Exhaust Gas Characteristics of Small Type Diesel Engine Using Transesterified Waste Vegetable Oil (Part 1)

Operational problems of large power diesel engines combusting biofuels, considered together with assessment of their operation

Operational problems of large power diesel engines combusting biofuels, considered together with assessment of their operationIn this paper the problem is discussed of supplying high power diesel engines with biofuels in the aspect of consequences which occurr during their operation. Attention was paid to advantages and difficulties associated with application of biofuels to self-ignition engines. A relevant research problem was characterized and research targets were proposed to make it possible to most favourably shape energy merits of the engines. Special attention was given to wear process of such engines and their failures resulting from application of biofuels. The following problems were also considered: calcium carbonate sedimentation, closing graphite platelets in structure of cylider bearing surface and surface defects of piston rings made of aluminium bronze. It was demonstrated that to assess operation of the engines is possible under the assumption that in a valuating approach their operation can be compared to a physical quantity represented numerically and measured with the use of the joule*sec unit. Conclusions resulting from the domestic and foreign investigations on power and reliability of such engines were also presented.

Investigation on performance of a compression-ignition engine with pressure-wave supercharger

Pressure-wave supercharger (PWS) is a technical way to raise engine intake pressure. In this research, a compression-ignition (CI) engine is boosted by COMPREX PWS and the performance of the engine was tested. In order to improve the power of the PWS diesel engine, the Grey Relational Analysis was completed. The analysis results show that two factors, the intake air flow and the exhaust gas temperature, have the most important influences on the PWS engine power. Thus the volume of the intake manifold is enlarged to increase intake air flow while the exhaust manifold is wrapped by asbestos with an iron cover to preserve the high exhaust gas temperature. Consequently, the final experimental results show that both the power and the torque have been built up as well as excellent fast response to various load. Together with experimental test, the Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation was completed based on a three-dimensional (3D) model of the PWS rotor channel. The CFD simulation shows that the inner exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) phenomenon happens especially at middle PWS rotational speed with 30% of full load. The test results demonstrate that the PWS diesel engine performs better with less NOx and soot emissions.

Design of Multi-Module Experiment-Rig of Ship Electrical Propulsion Prime Mover

Diesel engine power plant, gas turbine power plant and steam turbine power plant are in common use in ship main propulsion power. These power plants have each advantage and disadvantage at mass, size, most high-power, economic ability, and maneuverability. But any single power is difficult to meet the requirement of improving the ships’ tactical performance, speed and maneuverability. In developing history of ship propulsion system, in order to solve the contradiction between full speed high-power and cruise economic ability, combined power plant form can change the performance of simple plant, which collected the advantage of all kinds of power plants[1]. Here combined power plant form is two or more same or not the same type engine combine used or trade off. The combined power plant can not only supply total power for ships when cruising, but also be more economical. So this plant is used widely. This paper, designs a multi-module experiment-rig and introduces its composition, working principle and disposition scheme, and carried out the dynamic characteristic experiment of the CODAG power plant.

THE ANALYSIS OF THE MOTOR CHARACTERISTICS OF D‐RME‐E FUEL BLEND DURING ON‐FIELD TESTS

A detailed analysis of the characteristics of D‐RME‐E (diesel‐rapeseed methyl ester‐ethanol) was carefully performed fuelling an 18 kW capacity tractor unit equipped with the four‐stroke D21A1 diesel engine (combustion chamber consists of a dished piston). The conducted on‐field test demonstrated a positive effect on the dynamic and ecological characteristics of the tractor unit while fuelling the engine with biodiesel blend 70%D+30%RME (hereinafter ‐ B30) admixed with dehydrated ethanol additive (5% (v/v)). This compound did not affect a decrease in the diesel engine power, and in the range of experiment error, showed a tendency of ∼2% fuel economy compared to pure B30. A dramatic decrease in PM (40%), HC (25%) and CO (6%) emissions comparing to fossil diesel was observed when operating the tractor unit at maximum traction power which is a characteristic operating mode of the heavy duty transport means of agricultural purpose. NOx emission of the proposed D‐RME‐E blend showed a tendency to decrease to 4% compared to B30.

Allocation of Emissions for Power and Steam Production Based on Energy and Exergy in Diesel Engine Powered Cogeneration

Diesel engine powered cogeneration (DEPC) plants burn heavy fuel oil, and the exhaust involves undesirable emissions such as solid particulates, sulfur oxides (SOx), and nitrite oxides (NOx). These emissions must remain below the maximum permissible levels defined by official organizations and international protocols. In this Article, allocation of emissions from a DEPC plant is studied on the basis of six main methodologies available in the literature. Results for allocated amounts of emissions are compared according to the power produced and steam generated based on energy and exergy. Exhaust emission assessment is done using fuel savings analysis method and exergetic efficiency. The results show that using separate units of power and heat production increases the fuel consumption by 23.8% in terms of thermal efficiencies, and by 17.3% in terms of exergetic efficiencies with respect to the DEPC plant.

Investigation of Fuel Impurities Effect on DME Powered Diesel Engine Performances

Investigation of Fuel Impurities Effect on DME Powered Diesel Engine Performances

Kusum Oil as a Fuel for Small Horse Power Diesel Engine

Due to the increase in cost and scarcity of petroleum resources have promoted research in alternative fuels for internal combustion engines. Among various possible options, fuels derived from triglycerides (vegetable oils/animal fats) are promising for substitutes of fossil diesel fuels. Vegetable oil poses some problems when subjected to prolonged usage in compression ignition engines because of high viscosity as reported by different researchers. In the present research, experiments were designed to study the effect of reducing Kusum oil's viscosity by increasing the fuel temperature, thereby eliminating its effect on combustion of the engine. A single cylinder 5 hp, four stroke, constant speed, water cooled, direct injection diesel engine typically used in stationary operation was used for the experiments. The acquired data were analyzed for various parameters such as thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), emission of CO,CO2,HC and NOx gases in exhaust. While operating the engine on Kusum (preheated and blends), performance were found to be very close to mineral diesel for lower blend concentrations. The preheated oil's performance was slightly inferior in efficiency due to low heating value. In pollution point of view it can perform well for the unmodified engine for a long period operation without any ignition problem. People of rural areas and undeveloped areas can use this for their agricultural engines without depending on market and without modification of whole engine, at the same time they can reduce the requirement of diesel fuel from outside market.

Erratum: Research and Development towards Utilization of DME Powered Diesel Engines [Vol.51, No.6, p.317-331

[Additions]Fig.1 7), Fig.2 7), Fig.3 7), Fig.4 7), Fig.5 7), Fig.6 7)Fig.7 10), Fig.8 10), Fig.9 10), Fig.10 10), Fig.11 10)Fig.12 13), Fig.13 13), Fig.14 13), Fig.15 13), Fig.16 13)Fig.17 15), Fig.18 15), Fig.19 15), Fig.20 15)Fig.21 16), Fig.22 16), Fig.23 16), Fig.24 16), Fig.25 16)Fig.26 18)[Corrections] (wrong) Table 9 17) (correct) Table 9 18) (wrong) Table 10 17) (correct) Table 10 18)

The Audi 6.0 l V12 TDI engine

With the newly developed 6.0 l V12 TDI engine, Audi presents the world’s most powerful and high-torque diesel engine in a passenger car. The V12 TDI is characterised by its extremely high power output of 368 kW and 1,000 Nm of torque. The 6.0 TDI features in the Audi Q7. This new engine puts the Audi Q7 into the same league as the sportiest high-performance SUVs, while delivering the low fuel consumption that is typical of a TDI. On the one hand the engine has typical 12-cylinder design features, such as the 60° angle between the cylinder banks, whereas on the other hand a large number of synergies with the familiar Audi V6 and V8 TDI engines have been implemented. It rounds off the Audi V-engine range at the top end. The development of the new engine is illustrated in two reports. The first part describes the design and the mechanics, while the second part in MTZ 11/2008 deals with thermodynamics, application and exhaust treatment.

New Monobolt Piston Design for Large Engines

High-load pistons for modern, powerful large diesel and gas engines require increasingly more compact and lightweight designs. Due to the low installation height, less room remains for the required screw length in traditional large-bore piston designs, where the piston crown is screwed to the piston skirt. With the new development of the compact monobolt piston design, the Mahle Large Engine Components Profit Center succeeded in satisfying the requirements for an extremely low installation height of a composite piston, while allowing high mechanical and thermal loads.

Influence of gas-dynamic processes on motor efficiency and durability

Equipment generating or consuming energy must satisfy ever-increasing efficiency and environmental requirements. Currently, researchers at the Institute of Energy-Efficient Technologies at Tupolev Kazan State Technical University are endeavoring to improve the low efficiency of internal combustion engines. The operation of internal-combustion engines is characterized by mechanical, gas-dynamic, and thermophysical losses. Mechanical losses are regarded as the most significant. Research is underway to determine the influence of other factors on the performance and environmental impact of internal combustion engines. The design of such engines is growing ever more complex; new materials are being employed; more stringent requirements are imposed on the fuel and oil; the operational properties are boosted; and the operating conditions are optimized. Nevertheless, the efficiency remains very low. Thus, it is 0.42 for the KAMAZ engine. The efficiency declines with continuing operation of the engine, reaching impractical values. Analysis of the gas-dynamic processes in the working chamber of the engine adjacent to the piston, close to the seal with the cylinder, indicates that the key to increasing the efficiency may be fundamental modification of the piston seal. Poor sealing between the piston and cylinder, which increases the leakage of working gases from the combustion chamber to the housing is compensated by high piston speeds, i.e., increasing the speed of the shaft. In the design of military and sporting equipment, where performance is a priority, the shaft speed may certainly be increased and other methods of boosting engine operation may be applied, without thinking of fuel consumption, resources, and other economic characteristics. However, in developing mass-produced engines for the auto industry and also powerful or superpowerful diesel engines, this approach is neither expedient nor promising. Gas-dynamic analysis of engine operation shows that the design of the seal between the piston and the cylinder in internal-combustion engines, in particular,

Thermal spray applications in powertrain contribute to the saving of energy and material resources

Thermal spray technology has found its way into the automotive industry and is widely used for an expanding range of applications. A variety of thermal spray processes are available for coating applications on parts of the piston group, the clutch, the gearbox and the valve train. More than six years ago a leading European manufacturer of passenger cars has put a thermal spray process into series production, to coat cylinder bore surfaces of aluminium engine blocks from high power diesel engines. The coating, with its particular surface topography, decreases the friction of the piston group significantly, leading to a reduction of fuel consumption of 2–4%. In addition to fuel savings the oil consumption can be reduced by a factor of 2–3 and therefore help to achieve lower emission values. Based on this cylinder bore coating technology Sulzer Metco has developed a range of materials to provide optimum solutions for the different types of engines with their specific requirements. These materials cover the needs for high corrosion resistance in marine engines or engines run on biofuels, abrasion resistance in heavy duty truck engines or very low friction in racing engines. This paper will focus on plasma spray coating of cylinder liners for heavy duty diesel (HDD) truck engines and highlight the technical feasibility for the measure of cost reduction in series production.

Research and Development towards Utilization of DME Powered Diesel Engines

本報では，DME（Dimethyl Ether）中型トラックの研究開発を通じて得られた知見を基に，燃料特性の大きな課題である潤滑性改善に関する検討，エンジンおよび車両開発，微量成分を含む排出ガス特性の評価および車両走行試験と得られた結果について，一連の研究開発に対する集大成としてまとめる。潤滑性評価方法の検討では，既存の軽油用試験方法を基に新しい装置を導入し，液化ガスであるDMEの潤滑性能と潤滑性向上剤の効果を数値として表現することを可能とした。今後，実機耐久性との相関を評価し，より一般化し得るシステムとすることで，DME燃料の潤滑性評価方法の標準化も可能になると思われる。PM（Particulate Matter）を含む微量排気成分の排出特性評価では，DMEの物性的特異性との関連が明確となり，厳格化する排出ガス規制に対してクリーン化が進む軽油ディーゼル排気よりも優位に立てるポテンシャルは大きいといえる。車両開発および実証走行試験では，実際にシステムとしてまとめ上げ，公道走行試験により課題抽出とその改善を重ねることで完成度を向上することができた。

Improvement of Power Generation Efficiency of an Independent Microgrid Composed of Distributed Engine Generators

The power generation efficiency and power cost of an independent microgrid that distributes the power from a small diesel engine power generator was investigated using numerical analysis. The fuel consumption of a small diesel engine and the relation between power generation and heat power were obtained in experiments using a prototype. The independent microgrid built using one to six sets of 20 average houses in Sapporo and the distributed engine generators were examined using these test results. However, the operation of a diesel engine power generator controls the number of operations according to the magnitude of the power load of the microgrid. When a diesel engine power generator is distributed, since the power generation capacity per set decreases compared with the central system, the load factor of each engine generator rises. As a result, the operation of an engine at partial load with low efficiency can be reduced. When the number of distributions of the engine generator increases as a result of numerical analysis, the cost of the fuel decreases. However, when the rise in facility cost is taken into consideration, the number of engine generators for distribution is in fact 3 or 4.

Study of bimetallic liners in power diesel engines

Study of bimetallic liners in power diesel engines

Development of Production Method of CV Graphite Iron Castings for High Power Diesel Engine Block

Development of Production Method of CV Graphite Iron Castings for High Power Diesel Engine Block