Link Power Research Articles

Optimizing throughput value through re-examining of 4G LTE infrastructure link budgets: A Case Study in Lubuk Kilangan

Broadband wireless access technology has taken the lead in communication technology development, enabling users to communicate with fast data speeds and extensive coverage.. Problems that frequently arise in mobile communication systems are the wide range of services and the level of network service quality. Thus, optimization is carried out to improve network quality in the Lubuk Kilangan area by using the drive test method to determine the quality of the network and bad spot areas and analyzed using terms discovery software. The reason behind the findings of this study is that the optimal link budget value for 4G LTE infrastructure in Lubuk Kilangan is higher than the current industry standard due to the unique characteristics of the area. According to the analysis and calculation of the link budget, power additions, and antenna tilting alterations were carried out for optimization. The power quality of the RSRP parameter increased from the fair (orange) area of 2.58 to 0.29. For the SINR parameter, For the SINR parameter, there was also an increase in quality at poor category locations in the KPI parameters (Range RSRP) locations from 0.08% to 0.05%, resulting in SINR bad spots decreasing. The proportion for Throughput after optimization remains the same, at 100%. Indicating that there had been a good increase in the coverage area, making the coverage in the Lubuk Kilangan area good. It is necessary to conduct a deeper study by comparing several types of antenna orientation, including tilt, depending on various factors such as the deployment scenario, coverage requirements, interference considerations, and the specific characteristics of picocells, femtocells, and repeaters. Future research could explore the impact of other factors, such as network topology and user behavior, on link budget optimization of 4G LTE infrastructure in different contexts

Integrating IoT in WBANs: An energy-efficient and QoS-aware approach for rapid model-driven transmission power control and link adaptation

Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN) are integral to the application framework of the Internet of Things (IoT) domain, especially in applications demanding efficient connectivity and availability. Our study introduces a rapid, model-based, and sensor-centric approach in WBANs, significantly enhancing energy and time efficiency, crucial for IoT devices constrained by limited power supply and the need for extended operational duration. Our scheme maintains a transmit power threshold table, ensuring objective Quality of Service (QoS) while reducing power consumption in sensor nodes. We achieve this through a novel approach that contrasts the target bit error rate (BER) with the received instantaneous BER, refining path loss and channel models to accurately determine receiver sensitivity. The proposed scheme sets a in receiver sensitivity model, establishing the minimum transmit power needed for desired QoS. This is particularly relevant for IoT applications where maintaining consistent communication quality is paramount. Our performance evaluations show that this approach outperforms existing link adaptation and transmit power control methods in sensor overhead, time efficiency, and energy efficiency, marking a significant advancement in IoT connectivity solutions. By addressing the challenges of radio frequency signal vulnerability to body shadowing and path loss in dynamic conditions, our study not only enhances WBAN performance but also contributes to the stability and adaptability of IoT networks. This aligns with the evolving needs of the IoT domain, where efficient, reliable, and adaptive network solutions are increasingly in demand for a wide range of applications.

Perancangan Jaringan Fiber To The Home Berbasis Gigabit Passive Optical Network Di Citra Garden Puri Cluste Denza

This research aims to design a GPON-based Fiber to The Home (FTTH) line in the Citra Garden Puri cluster Denza . The method used is to carry out field observations, by conducting surveys to determine the need for equipment that will be used in designing the route. After the survey is conducted, this project requires Google Earth Pro software to do the mapping of the spot that is used for the ODP and to create passages for the fiber. To make sure that all planning already meets the requirement, there are several calculationdone in this research such as; link loss budget, power link budget, power margin and risetime budget. The distance that were used in the calculation are calculated from the STO Cengkareng until the ONT on each customer. Based on the calculation, the result of the biggest loss for link loss budget are obtained from the upstream, in the amount of 22,0456 dB and the loss from downstream are equals to 21,5721 dB. The result that obtained for the upstream loss of power link budget are equals to -17,0456 dBm and -16,5172 dBm for downstream. The next calculation is power margin, from this project we obtained the lowest power margin for the upstream 6,9544 dB and 7,4288 dB for downstream. The last calculation obtained for this project is rise time budget, from the calculation the shortest data for the rise time budget upstream is 0,1001 ns and for the downstream is 0,1019 ns. Based on all the calculation, this project can be concluded as a success because all the calculation are between the boundary that is tolerated by PT Telkom.

Структурно-гидрографический подход к определению областей формирования стока рек бассейна оз. Байкал в период максимальной и экстремальной водности

The research is carried out determining the role of each link of channel network in the flow formation process and the water regime features for the river systems in the Lake Baikal basin. The period of regular water flow observations is at least 30 years. The structural and hydrographic analysis of river systems made on the basis of comparison of the results of dynamic and static modeling. The dynamic model corresponds to extreme water content, the static model – on the long-time average annual flow. Provinces and intermountain zones were defining based on physical and geographical zoning. The river systems have specific characteristics of flow formation in these zones. The number of permanent, temporary and episodic river mouths flowing into the Baikal are estimated. The power (magnitude) of each elementary link of the river system is estimated. The regions of formation, transit, and accumulation of flow are defined based on the regularities of the structure of the water-erosion network. The map of the spatial and topological distribution of the river systems by flow regions is created based on the results of the research. This research is relevant for obtaining additional information in order to analyze the flow and calculate the maximum water-bearing capacity of river systems.

Multi-resonator Wireless Inductive Power Link for Wearables on the 2D Surface and Implants in 3D Space of the Human Body.

This paper presents a novel resonance-based, adaptable, and flexible inductive wireless power transmission (WPT) link for powering implantable and wearable devices throughout the human body. The proposed design provides a comprehensive solution for wirelessly delivering power, sub-micro to hundreds of milliwatts, to deep-tissue implantable devices (3D space of human body) and surface-level wearable devices (2D surface of human skin) safely and seamlessly. The link comprises a belt-fitted transmitter (Belt-Tx) coil equipped with a power amplifier (PA) and a data demodulator unit, two resonator clusters (to cover upper-body and lower-body), and a receiver (Rx) unit that consists of Rx load and resonator coils, rectifier, microcontroller, and data modulator units for implementing a closed-loop power control (CLPC) mechanism. All coils are tuned at 13.56 MHz, Federal Communications Commission (FCC)-approved industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. Novel customizable configurations of resonators in the clusters, parallel for implantable devices and cross-parallel for wearable devices and vertically oriented implants, ensure uniform power delivered to the load, PDL, enabling natural Tx power localization toward the Rx unit. The proposed design is modeled, simulated, and optimized using ANSYS HFSS software. The Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) is calculated under 1.5 W/kg, indicating the design's safety for the human body. The proposed link is implemented, and its performance is characterized. For both the parallel cluster (implant) and cross-parallel cluster (wearable) scenarios, the measured results indicate: 1) an upper-body PDL exceeding 350 mW with a Power Transfer Efficiency (PTE) reaching 25%, and 2) a lower-body PDL surpassing 360 mW with a PTE of up to 20%, while covering up to 92% of the human body.

Analisa Performansi menggunakan Metode Power Link Budget pada Jaringan FTTH Perumahan Balikpapan Regency Cluster Castaric

According to research conducted by Telkom, Telkom has experienced the addition of Indihome users up to 1.01 million users. So the total number of Indihome subscribers reached 8.02 million. The increasing demand for Indihome subscriptions and also the farther the customer's location will be to reach, the longer the Fiber Optic cable used, it is necessary to do a network analysis in that area in order to determine the performance of the fiber optic network to the customer's residence. Furthermore, it is necessary to do a network analysis in that area in order to know the performance of the fiber optic network to the customer's residence. The analysis was carried out after processing the data using the method. The calculation method used is the power link budget. The power link budget determines the distance and number of connections that affect the attenuation of the indihome fiber optic network in the Balikpapan Regency Cluster Castarica Housing Complex. And the conclusion obtained is that the FTTH network in Balikpapan Regency Cluster Castarica can be categorized as feasible for the maximum total attenuation on the network of 27.92009 dB and the customer's farthest distance from OLT/STO is 7.0574 Km which is in accordance with the standard set by ITU-T G.984 as well as the regulations set by PT. Telkom

PERANCANGAN JARINGAN FIBER TO THE HOME (FTTH) MENGGUNAKAN TEKNOLOGI GIGABIT PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORK (GPON)

The development of technology that we use today is increasingly developing, especially in the world of telecommunications. Rapid changes in telecommunications networks are also driven by users' need to stay connected anytime and anywhere. Various new application features such as multimedia services, video conferencing, online games and internet services require larger bandwidth at high speeds. The aim of this research is to understand the basic concepts of Fiber To The Home network design, to obtain a Fiber To The Home access network design based on the location of device placement in the FTTH network design, to analyze the Link Power Budget parameters as a sign of the feasibility of the FTTH network design results, and to find out implementation of Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON). The data collection methods used are literature methods, observation methods, and analysis techniques. The results of the research, the basic concept of Fiber To The Home network design is easy for users to understand, the location of device placement in the FTTH network design can be obtained based on the Fiber To The Home access network design, the Link Power Budget parameter as a sign of the feasibility of the FTTH network design results can be used as an analysis reference, and Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) can be applied to FTTH network design.

Coalitional Game Based Resource Allocation in D2D-Enabled V2V Communication

The joint resource block (RB) allocation and power optimization problem is studied to maximize the sum-rate of the vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) links in the device-to-device (D2D)-enabled V2V communication system, where one feasible cellular user (FCU) can share its RB with multiple V2V pairs. The problem is first formulated as a nonconvex mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem with constraint of the maximum interference power in the FCU links. Using the game theory, two coalition formation algorithms are proposed to accomplish V2V link partitioning and FCU selection, where the transferable utility functions are introduced to minimize the interference among the V2V links and the FCU links for the optimal RB allocation. The successive convex approximation (SCA) is used to transform the original problem into a convex one and the Lagrangian dual method is further applied to obtain the optimal transmit power of the V2V links. Finally, numerical results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed resource allocation algorithm in terms of the system sum-rate.

Interconnecting industrial multi-microgrids using bidirectional hybrid energy links

Sharing and exchange energy among nearby industrial microgrids are crucial, especially with high energy requirements for their production targets and costly energy storage systems that may be oversized for their operations. Facilitating energy exchange can provide an economic advantage for industrial production by utilizing cheaper energy sources and reducing production costs. This manuscript presents an efficient approach for transferring large energy packets with minimal energy losses using high-voltage direct current (HVDC) energy transmission. The manuscript methodology focuses on implementing an industrial multi-microgrid using a modular multilevel converter. This converter utilizes two power link channels: a three-phase AC and an HVDC link, creating a hybrid energy transmission between microgrids. When a substantial amount of energy to transfer, the HVDC method enhances overall efficiency by reducing copper losses and mitigating issues associated with the AC link, such as harmonics and skin effects. The modular multilevel converter topology offers high flexibility and the use of fewer converters. Additionally, the HVDC link eliminates distance restrictions for energy transfer between industrial microgrids. A case study illustrates the functionality of this topology, demonstrating optimized power transfer and decreased energy losses. This methodology allows industrial microgrids to enhance energy efficiency and productivity while minimizing operational costs.

The Mitigation of Interference on Underground Power Lines Caused by the HVDC Electrode

High Voltage Direct Current power links are usually designed to adopt, on a continuous basis or during emergency operations, two grounding plants using the soil or seawater as a link–current return path. Such DCs flowing into the ground can cause problems, of which one of the most important is the increased risk of the corrosion of metallic structures in the area. Normally, the simplest mitigation technique is to keep an adequate distance between the main grounding plants and any metallic structure that can be corroded. Normally, such distances are not less than 5 km. However, there are situations where this approach cannot be applied, for example due to geographical constraints. In this paper, we describe and analyze the behavior of a mitigation technique that can be adopted when the HV pole cable is laid closer than the recommended distance to the main ground electrode. This paper is focused on the minimization of deleterious effects on the cable’s metallic sheath and its earthing points, distributed along it by means of sheath segmentation. The suggested approach appears well-suited to substantially diminishing the current flowing through the sheath of an HVDC power cable. In the segmented scenario, the sheath’s power dissipation is less than one-hundredth of that in the typical continuous configuration.

Smart Optimization Solution for Channel Access Attack Defense Under UAV-Aided Heterogeneous Network

6G-based wireless communication system is poised to redefine the next-generation network landscape by enabling novel services and applications such as intelligent link establishment, power control, data collection, transmission, and distribution. However, security issues, particularly recently revealed Channel Access Attack (CAA), present significant challenges to performance optimization tasks in the heterogeneous wireless networks of 6G, namely, Age of Information (AoI) Oriented Network (AoN), Throughput Oriented Network (ToN), and Latency Oriented Network (LoN). To address these challenges, this paper presents a game theory-based smart optimization solution to enable Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) to resist CAA within a 6G-based heterogeneous network. Our methodology begins by outlining the advantages and challenges associated with UAV usage, followed by the design of performance indicators and intelligent resource allocation schemes under the influence of CAA. Subsequently, we introduce definitions and categories within game theory, encompassing the concept and equilibrium of three typical game models. The efficacy of our proposed framework is validated through simulation results, which demonstrate the achievement of optimal AoI, enhanced throughput, and reduced latency compared with baseline methodologies when countering CAA in a UAV-assisted heterogeneous network.

Design of organic fertilizer pellet machine with a capacity of 170.90 Kg/Hour using verein deutcher ingenieure 2222 method

Due to population expansion and heavy consumption, there has been an increase in household garbage in recent years. One of the waste processing techniques that is kind to the environment is turning organic waste into organic fertilizer. Pellets created from organic fertilizer will be more convenient to use and effective. This study aims to construct an organic fertilizer pellet printing machine using the VDI 2222 method to turn organic fertilizer into pellets. this design approach is used to make sure the finished product or system satisfies defined technical requirements and customer needs. A variation of the design for an organic fertilizer pellet machine has been created based on the research, and the design evaluation is based on a survey. The third machine variation was picked as the best machine variant based on the design's outcomes. This machine is made of materials that are generally accessible on the market, has a solid construction, and a simpler manufacturing procedure. The organic fertilizer pellet mill can produce 8 mm x 22 mm pellets at a rate of 170.90 kilograms per hour. An electric motor and coupler acting as a gearbox transmission link power this machine. UNP Steel was used to construct the framework to increase strength and lessen vibration

A new robust nonlinear control strategy for UIPC in isolated hybrid microgrids

This paper focuses on the control of unified interphase power controller (UIPC) in isolated hybrid microgrids (HmGs), where the UIPC is used as the main component for interconnecting of AC and DC sub-grids. The investigated HmG encompasses two AC sub-grids and one purely storage DC sub-grid (PSDC) and multiple adjustable loads. A robust nonlinear model reference adaptive control (NMRC) strategy is offered for controlling the UIPC, keeping an acceptable two-way power exchange control with uncomplicated topology. Further, a novel configuration for the DC link power converter is suggested using the dual-active-bridge topology. Also, a harmonic-based modeling method is used to model the UIPC's power converter. The proposed configuration provides bidirectional power flow, increased power density, straightforward adaptation of zero-voltage switching, and direct access to cascading and parallelism to increase the ratings and reliability of UIPC. The simulation results illustrate the feasibility of the suggested topology for isolated HmGs.

Cross-walk of the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (CLDQ-NASH) and the EuroQol EQ-5D-5L in patients with NASH

BackgroundNonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a chronic progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, which can negatively impact the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of affected individuals. HRQoL in NASH has been assessed using the disease-specific Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire for NASH (CLDQ-NASH) and the generic EuroQol EQ-5D-5L. As the performance of these instruments relative to each other is unknown, we performed a cross-walk analysis of CLDQ-NASH to EQ-5D-5L using data from a real-world NASH population.MethodsData were drawn from the Adelphi Real World 2019 NASH Disease Specific Programme, a cross-sectional survey of physicians and their patients in the United States. Patients with physician-diagnosed NASH completed a questionnaire that included the CLDQ-NASH and EQ-5D-5L. Mapping from CLDQ-NASH to EQ-5D-5L was done using tenfold cross-validation; performance was assessed using root-mean squared error as accuracy measure. Subgroup analyses compared performance of the models in obese versus non-obese patients and patients with versus without type 2 diabetes (T2D).ResultsData from 347 patients were included in this analysis. Overall, 2172 models were tested for predicting EQ-5D-5L index score from CLDQ-NASH score. The best model for this mapping was a generalized linear model using Gaussian distribution and a power link. The best model for mapping from CLDQ-NASH domains to the EQ-5D-5L was a fractional logistic model. Models performed better at predicting upper versus lower values of EQ-5D-5L, for non-obese versus obese patients, and for patients without versus with T2D.ConclusionWe describe a scoring algorithm for cross-walking the CLDQ-NASH to the EQ-5D-5L enabling health status comparisons of HRQoL across studies.

Motion, Static Force, and Efficiency Analysis of Planetary Gear Transmission Based on Graph Theory

This paper employs graph theory to analyze kinematic relationships, static force, and power flow for planetary gear systems. We start from the graphs of these trains to determine all the structurally distinct kinematic inversions. We then obtain all the constructive solutions resulting from every possible combination of gear configuration. Based on the kinematic and static force analysis model, related matrices are acquired. Hence, a kinematic and static force analysis of the planetary gear mechanism is achieved. The link power can be determined by the link speed and torque. Power flow diagrams of each gear are acquired. The efficiency is calculated by the transmission ratio method. This analysis is useful in the design of power transmission applications. A planetary gear system of a 6HP26 automatic transmission is further illustrated for the motion, static force, and efficiency calculations by using graph theory technique and matrix equations. This paper provides a guide for engineers in gear transmission fields to easily finish mechanical transmission design.

RETRACTED: A 6U CubeSat Platform for Low Earth Remote Sensing: DEWASAT-2 Mission Concept and Analysis

This paper presents an in-depth analysis of DEWASAT-2, a 6U CubeSat designed for low Earth remote sensing applications. DEWASAT-2 is equipped with two payloads: a high-resolution camera for Earth observation and a spectrometer for detecting greenhouse gases. This paper describes the mission analysis and design of DEWASAT-2 as well as the link budget, power budget, and data budget. Additionally, the paper includes simulations and plots that illustrate the access times, lifetime, and other important parameters of the CubeSat. The outcomes presented in this article emphasise that DEWASAT-2 will contribute to fulfilling and enhancing various use cases of the Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA) network such as weather monitoring and forecasting and the detection of seawater salinity.

Loss Imbalance Effect on Inter-Core Crosstalk in Bidirectional Uncoupled Multi-Core Fiber Transmission

The effect of core loss imbalance on inter-core crosstalk (XT) is studied theoretically and numerically in long-haul bidirectional uncoupled multi-core fiber transmission. The coupled power equations are solved for two cores with imbalance of loss coefficients, and the solution is used to obtain expressions for direct, indirect, backscattered and bidirectional XT powers. These expressions generalize expressions reported by other authors to arbitrary loss coefficients. It is shown that, in the range of the loss coefficient imbalance from <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$-0.04$</tex-math></inline-formula> dB/km to 0.04 dB/km, the XT powers in decibel show approximately a linear dependence on the loss coefficient imbalance. In that range, differences of the indirect XT power of nearly 1.2 dB relative to the indirect XT power with equal loss coefficients can occur for the larger loss coefficient imbalance; for the direct and backscattered XT powers, the differences are even larger, reaching around 2 dB. These values of 1.2 and 2 dB of difference translate directly to the bidirectional XT power of long-haul 2-core fiber links, in case of dominance of indirect and backscattered XT, respectively.

Innovation spillover effect of the pilot carbon emission trading policy in China

In today's society, environmental protection and sustainable development have become the focus of global attention. Carbon emission trading, as an effective means to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, has been adopted by many countries and regions. In China, the launch of pilot policies for carbon emissions trading is of great significance in promoting economic transformation, promoting industrial upgrading and protecting the environment. Therefore, it is of great value to study the innovation effect of the pilot carbon trading policy and its transmission path for evaluating the effect of the policy, optimizing the policy design and building the carbon market in the future. Based on the production network theory, this paper constructs a difference in difference model, and uses empirical analysis to evaluate the direct innovation effect and innovation network spillover effect of the pilot carbon emission trading policies. In the empirical analysis, a variety of data sources are used, including public data from the National Bureau of Statistics, annual reports of enterprises, and industry associations, to ensure the reliability and validity of the data. At the same time, SPSS, Stata and other statistical software are applied to process and analyze the data in order to better understand and interpret the research results. The results show that the pilot carbon emission trading policy has a positive effect on improving the innovation level of both regulated and non-regulated industries in the pilot areas. Specifically, this policy can promote the technological innovation and management innovation of the regulated industries, but also promote the technological progress and market development of the non-regulated industries. In addition, the policy will also have an innovation network spillover effect, that is, the innovation results of the policy will be transmitted to the surrounding regions and industries, thus promoting the innovation and development of the entire region and industry. Further, this paper also discusses the transmission path of the innovation spillover effect of pilot carbon emission trading policies. It is found that the policy has a negative impact on the innovation of the relative upstream industry, but significantly promotes the innovation of the downstream industry. This is because the upstream industry, after being impacted by policies, often takes measures to reduce costs and improve efficiency to deal with the challenges, which may have a certain negative impact on the downstream industry. However, downstream industries are more likely to benefit from the innovation spillover effects of policies because they are more closely linked to the carbon emission trading market. Finally, this paper also tests the mechanism of the pilot carbon emission trading policy. It is found that the innovation spillover caused by this production-end shock is mainly realized through the price transmission of finished products. In addition, the inclusion of industries with strong bargaining power and close links with downstream industries in the national pilot carbon emission trading policy is more conducive to the innovation spillover effect of the policy. This is because these industries have stronger market influence and bargaining power, and can better promote the construction and development of the carbon emission trading market.

ATTENUATION ANALYSIS ON FIBER TO THE HOME (FTTH) NETWORK WITH GIGABIT PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWROK (GPON) AT OXYGEN HOME PONTIANAK

Optical fiber as a transmission medium that meets the needs of the internet with large bandwidth. The FTTH (Fiber To The Home) network can deliver a variety of digital information, such as voice, video and data more effectively so that it can support the Triple Play service marketed by Oxygen Home. To determine the feasibility and performance of the FTTH (Fiber To The Home) design system in the Bali Agung 2 Complex, South Pontianak, it will be assessed based on test parameters. The test parameters are Power Link Budget for system feasibility and BER (Bit Error Ratio) will be displayed with an eye diagram for system performance used using Optisystem software, Optisystem is software that can be used to simulate a fiber optic network from central to end – user. From the results of the FTTH network simulator using optical system software, it is found that the farthest user attenuation value is Prx: -16.018 dBm, 1.4804 x 10-61 and Q factor 16.5122. The results obtained are feasible because they are above the minimum FTTH network standard with GPON technology

Efficacy of Different Powers of Low-Level Red Light in Children for Myopia Control

To compare the efficacy and safety of low-level red light (LRL) in controlling myopia progression at 3 different powers: 0.37 mW, 0.60 mW, and 1.20 mW. Single-center, single-masked, randomized controlled trial. Two hundred children aged 6-15 with myopia of -0.50 diopter (D) or more and astigmatism of -2.50 D or less were enrolled from April to May 2022. Follow-up ended in December2022. Participants were assigned randomly to 3 intervention groups and 1 control group (1:1:1:1). All participants wore single-vision spectacles. Moreover, the intervention group randomly received LRL at 3 different powers twice daily for 3 minutes per session, with a minimum 4-hour interval. Changes in spherical equivalent (SE), axial length (AL), and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) were measured. After 6 months, SE progression was significantly lower in the 0.37-mW group (0.01 D; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.12 to 0.15), 0.60-mW group (-0.05 D; 95% CI, -0.18 to 0.07), and 1.20-mW group (0.16D; 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.30) compared to the control group (-0.22 D; 95% CI, -0.50 to 0.30; adjusted P<0.001 for all). AL changes in the 0.37-mW group (0.04 mm; 95% CI, -0.01 to 0.08), 0.60-mW group (0.00 mm; 95% CI, -0.05 to 0.05), and 1.20-mW group (-0.04 mm; 95% CI, -0.08 to 0.01) were significantly smaller than the control group (0.27 mm; 95% CI, 0.22 to 0.33; adjusted P < 0.001 for all). Similarly, increases in SFCT were significantly greater in the 0.37-mW group (22.63 μm; 95% CI, 12.13 to 33.34 μm), 0.60-mW group (36.17 μm; 95% CI, 24.37 to 48.25 μm), and 1.20-mW group (42.59 μm; 95% CI, 23.43 to 66.24 μm) than the control group (-5.07 μm; 95% CI, -10.32 to -0.13 μm; adjusted P < 0.001 for all). No adverse events were observed. LRL effectively controlled myopia progression at 0.37 mW, 0.60 mW, and 1.20 mW. Further research is required. The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.