Power IT Research Articles

한국의 기후기술산업 인력수요 전망과 정책적 시사점

Amidst the international community"s competition for technological supremacy regarding carbon neutrality and the climate crisis, Korea needs to accumulate technological capabilities and gain a competitive advantage by fostering professionals in the field of climate technology. In particular, Korea urgently needs a mid- to long-term labor force development plan and a labor force demand forecast to support it. Therefore, this study conducted a mid- to long-term labor force demand forecast for each climate technology and industrial sector by linking climate technology industrial statistics and standard industrial classification statistics. Forecast results for the industrial sector indicate high demand for labor force in R&D, electrical and electronics, and chemical industries. Forecast results for the climate technology sector suggest that the labor force demand in energy production and efficiency sectors such as energy demand and storage, renewable energy, and power IT is high. Other results indicate that the growth rate for labor force demand in the climate technology adaptation field is relatively high, and that multi-disciplinary sectors have the highest labor force demand. Therefore, it is imperative to design and implement climate technology labor force development policies for climate technology and related industries with high demand for mid- to long-term labor force, and to increase cooperation among Korean ministries to foster interdisciplinary professionals in climate technology fields.

Semantic based Inter-Operable Cloud Resource Allocation

Cloud computing is the process of lending the required resources that includes computing power, network access, database storage, applications, and other IT resources in on demand basis through a cloud services platform with pay-as- you-go pricing. Here, users access services according to their requirements, without knowing where the services are hosted or how they’re delivered. So Resource Management is tedious process between different clouds. Since different clouds will have different types of cloud virtualization techniques with corresponding middleware's with unique mechanism and protocols, we face lot of interoperability issues. So there is a need to address these interoperability issues between different clouds to achieve the highest availability of cloud resources. This motivates us to conceive a proposal Semantic based Interoperable Cloud Resource Allocation (SICRA) that provides a common mechanism to access the resources of different clouds Proposed work also incorporates the semantic services for identifying best potential resource. Thus an ontology based indexing and retrieving algorithms are designed and provided with ranking which in turn increases the success rate.

Smart Energy Meter for Energy Cost Analysis of Grid

A smart energy meter is a computerized electric meter that actions the power age, utilization and gives other extra highlights, for example, progressed charging framework and high precision which makes it more profitable than the conventional energy meter. The proposed shrewd meter model is checked by planning a proper circuit and related equipment. The equipment is planned to utilize a GSM, GPRS, and Arduino. This meter can measure energy and send the information to a specialist co-op, which can store the information and notify customers through SMS or the internet. Because of the increase in both the population and the mechanical turn of events, there is a growing interest in energy. Customers should be more conscious about their energy use to increase energy efficiency. Recently, utilities have gained prominence. To limit the line at the energy meter charging counters and to confine the use of energy meter naturally, if the bill isn't paid. The venture likewise targets proposing a framework that will lessen the deficiency of force and income because of force burglaries and other criminal operations. The working framework receives a new idea of Prepaid Energy Meter. The GSM innovation is utilized with the goal that the customer would get messages about the utilization of force (in watts) and if it arrives at the base sum, it would naturally make the purchaser aware of re-energize. This innovation holds useful for all power circulation organizations, private networks, IT parks, and self-containing lodging projects. The execution of this undertaking will help in better energy the board, preservation of energy, and in getting rid of the superfluous issues over erroneous charging. The proposed metering framework is more favorable than the customary metering framework which will lessen the labor, cost, and time.

PERANCANGAN DAN IMPLEMENTASI APLIKASI BANTU TICKETING STUDI KASUS IT USER SUPPORT PT. XYZ

The utilization of information technology is increasingly growing, company or organization alreadytransformed using information technology support the business processes of each. The higher the use ofinformation technology, the more vulnerable a company experiencing problems in utilizing informationtechnology devices, with the existence of the problem then it needs power IT User Support. XYZ Companyis a company that has a computerized system in the running of all activities. XYZ Company can havebranches, where each branch offices can communicate through computer networks between branch officesor headquarters. In case of damage or disruption to your computer or the network in each branch officewill be easier for the IT User Support to follow up on the corresponding section in the Division ofinformation technology. Application Help Ticketing for IT User Support aiming at improving service andperformance of the IT User Support in dealing with trouble shooting. The importance of the IT User Supportis making the alignment on the workload that fair and balanced, while it also as a tool for assessment ateach technician. With the design and implementation of these systems can alleviate the performance ofUser Support, IT can be noted the performance of the IT User Support, and view graphs of the developmentof the performance of the IT User Support.

Private Cloud Computing Services for an Interactive Multi-Campus University

<span>Cloud Computing is an environment where computing resources, such as processing power, storage, network, application, and other IT services, are provided to users as computing utility. This paper presents the university distributed databases consolidation and relocation to the cloud for the provision of Database as a Service (DBaaS), through their deployment into high availability, interactive, secure private cloud setup utilizing Al-Balqa Applied University (BAU) Private Cloud (BPC). This solution involves several transitions, and represents the main key step in BAU journey to the cloud to allow the university to achieve greater efficiency in terms of database services, and to improve performance, availability, interactivity, and security. The resulted service also reduces operating, management and capital costs.</span>

(Keynote) Recent Trend in New and Renewable Energy Generation in Korea and KIER’s R&D Activities

In order to address climate change and to create new energy industries, Korea has been actively developing and deploying new and renewable energy (NRE) technologies. According to the second national basic plan for energy, 11% of total energy and 13.4% of total electric energy will be provided by NRE. 20% of NRE will be generated from wind power and 14% will be supplied by solar power plants. To promote the distribution of NRE, the Korean Government introduced subsidy programs and regulatory methods which include a FIT (feed-in-tariff) by 2011 and a RPS (renewable portfolio standard) from 2012, which forces major power companies to increase supply from NRE sources from 2% (at the beginning of 2012) to 10% of total power generation by 2022. After adopting the RPS, the deployment of NRE has increased dramatically. In April 2016, the total generation capacity of NRE was 9.2% of the total domestic electric generation, 102.5 GW. About half of this generation is from renewable energy resources. By the end of 2015, the installed capacities of PV, wind power and fuel cells were 2,537MW, 804.85MW, and 252MW, respectively. These figures are significantly larger from what they were under the FIT scheme in 2011: 554 MW, 405.345MW, and 50MW, respectively. During the same period, 2,200 units of residential fuel cell systems were installed under the green home program. National policies have played an important role in RD&D of NRE. After enacting the ”Promotion Act for the Development of Alternative Energy” in 1987, the Korean Government has been pushing RD&D of NRE. PV, wind power and fuel cells were identified as 3 of the highest priority core technologies. The Korean Government newly announced the action plans to meet the policy objectives for addressing climate change, comprising 6 core technologies to be developed as national growth engines: PVs, fuel cells, ESS, biofuels, power IT, and CCS technologies. Those technologies will contribute to create new energy markets, such as eco-friendly towns, self-sufficient islands, and zero energy buildings. To meet the objectives of national energy plans by improving and expanding advanced energy technologies, KIER has established 6 major R&D areas: including distributed generation through new and renewable energy, energy networks, and next generation batteries. As clean distributed generation technologies, KIER has been developing 50 to 100 μm ultra-thin silicon solar cells (KUT cell), 25% efficient CIGS thin-film solar cells, and hydrogen fuel cell technologies. KIER developed fuel cell-battery hybrid vehicles and residential fuel cell systems. KIER is trying to develop the core technologies for off-shore wind farms at Jeju’s global research center, where convergence R&D is being conducted for carbon-free islands on areas such as marine bio-energy, salinity gradient power, and floating off-shore wind power. To promote NRE distribution, KIER has been developing micro energy grid technologies and various energy storage systems, such as large capacity redox flow batteries, supercapacitors, and Li-S batteries. For about 20 years, KIER has been developing and demonstrating near zero energy building technologies using passive and active solar design. In 2009, through the test of the second model of low energy houses, 85% of total energy savings, including electric and thermal energy, was achieved. In 2013, KIER successfully applied the technology to 29 actual homes. From 2014, KIER has been designing an eco-friendly energy town at the Innovation City in Chungbuk Province as one of 3 Korean Government-sponsored demonstration projects. The government wanted to solve not only energy and environment problems, but also NIMBY problems to change NIMBY facilities to eco-friendly generation facilities using renewable energy technologies. One of the projects is to build an eco-friendly campus at a sewage treatment facility near a small town using renewable energy hybrid systems, such as solar thermal systems with seasonal energy storage systems, PVs, and fuel cells. The advanced energy technologies developed by KIER will contribute to Korea’s national policy of expanding renewable energy technologies to 11% of primary energy consumption and reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 37%.

Green Cloud Provisioning Throughout Cooperation of a WDM Wide Area Network and a Hybrid Power IT Infrastructure

The paper focuses on cooperation between cloud and network operators, as well as on fitting particular routing strategies to various cloud services. Three cooperation models are presented, analyzed and compared in the paper: the proposed model and two widely used reference models. The main difference between the models is the set of information being exchanged between the involved parties. Additionally, we analyze the applicability of four fitting schemas for each considered model. It is shown that the proposed model, alongside with an appropriate fitting schema, is able to reduce the blocking probability of cloud services requests. At the same time, thanks to the use of green anycast strategies, it is able to significantly reduce carbon dioxide emission.

매트릭스형 분류체계를 적용한 IEC 기술용어 표준화 방안

Abstract - Through the correspondence works with IEC in the smart grid fields and power IT fields, we set up the interpretation work procedure and defined the work rule for correspondence by analyzing the work results. In addition, we suggest cases for discussion of terms and definitions in the IEC and analyze them and then propose a matrix classification system for standardization to solve the cases for discussion. The matrix classification system with 3-axes of classification has been applied to newly emerging terminologies followed by smart gird. We drew the usefulness in search of terms in application fields and showed the cases of applying the matrix classification. The IEC Electropedia classification standard is unclear and the classification is mixed with principle, application and product areas. We proposed a new working group in IEC TC1 for research on the matrix classification system and then TC 1 decided to organize a new WG titled in the “IEV structure and supporting tools”.Key Words : Standardization, IEC Terminologies, Matrix classification system, IEC Electropedia, IEC TC1†Corresponding Author : Dept. of Information and Communicatio nEngineering, Myongji University, koreaE-mail: hmhwang@mju.ac.kr* School of Electrical Engineering, Hongik University, Korea.**Dept. of Computer Science, Sookmyung Women’s University, korea.Received : December 31, 2014; Accepted : February 26, 2015

Corporate Governance and Green IT Investments: Analysis Based Upon the Korean Corporate Governance Index (KCGI)

Green IT aims to focus on the energy efficiency of an equipment while enabling low power consumption of the server, indirect energy saving and power loss management, IT recycling, and IT industry greening process or product without destroying the environment and by promoting the sustainable maintenance of IT by leveraging IT to contribute eco-friendly conservation. Infra expansion of IT infrastructure for today's efforts and achievements in an environmental management that takes care of smart grid’s recent academic and practical aspects of energy saving as regards Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is provoking interest among Green IT firms in the interest of domestic and global investment (e.g., LG U +, LG CNS, KT...). However, Green IT success factors upon performance analysis are of poor state. In this study, the positive results are expected to identify the determinants of investment in Green IT. Corporate governance and firm value should be drawn based on the key elements that could be identified through this study. Therefore, green governance of investment firms and investment firm value in the Green IT industry must expand. Governance, profitability, and scale should improve in terms of investment firms and Green IT. An increased investment in firm value due to positive performance could be confirmed empirically.

Development of thermal runaway preventing ZnO varistor for surge protective device.

In this paper, the centre of electrode is suggested for heat conduction. Therefore, the specific reflow soldering process is needed. The comparison of temperature difference among the different areas of ZnO varistors is analyzed. With the nominal surge current, thermal behavior is analyzed. The operation point of temperature for disconnection is proposed. Accordingly, the thermal runaway-preventing ZnO varistors were covered with a fusible alloy, i.e., a thermal fuse, in the process of manufacture, which is expected to ensure there the liability of being resistant to lightning discharge and to ensure stability against thermal runaway in the failure mode. Additionally, it is expected to reduce much more limit voltage than the existing products to which the fuse was separately applied. The thermal runaway-preventing ZnO varistor of the surge protection devices can be widely used as part of the protection provisions of lightning discharge and surge protection demanded in connection with power IT about Green Growth which is nowadays becoming the buzzword in the electric power industry.

공통평가기준 3.1 기반 AMI 보호프로파일 개발

Recently, the biggest issue of the world in the electric power industry become the smart grid. It is that electric power technology and IT, highly intelligent and automated power operating system. The smart grid to improve power efficiency in the use of the power system occurred the increased security threat because of increased connect contact unlike existing power system. In response to these problems, a smart grid can be called the core of the security of the AMI is essential. So far, however, AMI can not guarantee the safety in reality because the universal of the protection profile does not exist AMI. In this paper, AMI will usually be equipped with security features and requirements are derived by analyzing the security vulnerabilities and attack methods of AMI. Based on this, We develop Protection Profile of AMI based Common Criteria V3.1r4 which can be used AMI authentication.

스마트 그리드 환경에서 시스템 ID를 이용한 지그비 인증 프로토콜에 관한 연구

스마트 그리드 네트워크(Smart Grid Networks)는 기존의 전력망에 정보기술(IT)을 접목하여 전력 공급자와 소비자가 양방향으로 정보를 교환함으로써 에너지 효율을 최적화하는 차세대 지능형 전력망이다. 고압 전력망과 IT 영역에서 응용되고 있는 스마트 그리드 네트워크(Smart Grid Networks)는 정보의 도청이나, 비정상적 패킷의 유통, 메시지의 재사용등 데이터의 위 변조와같은외부의공격에쉽게노출되는환경에서동작함으로보안은필수적으로갖추어져야 하는 중요한 기능이다. 저전력, 초소형 저비용 장점을 갖는 Zigbee는 스마트 그리드 네트워크를 구현하는 최적의 기술로 주목 받고 있다. 그러나 Zigbee 보안 시스템에는 심각한 문제점들을 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 스마트 그리드의 Zigbee 보안 시스템이 가지고 있는 문제점들을 자세히 분석하고, 이를 해결하여 스마트 그리드에 적합한 보안 프로토콜을 새롭게 제안하고 그 효율성을 비교 분석한다. A smart grid networks delivers electricity from suppliers to consumers using digital technology with two-way communications to control appliances at consumers' homes to save energy, reduce cost and increase reliability and transparency. Security is critically important for smart grid networks that are usually used for the electric power network and IT environments that are opened to attacks, such as, eavesdroping, replay attacks of abnormal messages, forgery of the messages to name a few. ZigBee has emerged as a strong contender for smart grid networks. ZigBee is used for low data rate and low power wireless network applications. To deploy smart grid networks, the collected information requires protection from an adversary over the network in many cases. The security mechanism should be provided for collecting the information over the network. However, the ZigBee protocol has some security weaknesses. In this paper, these weaknesses are discussed and a method to improve security aspect of the ZigBee protocol is presented along with a comparison of the message complexity of the proposed security protocol with that of the current ZigBee protocol.

스마트 그리드 네트워크에서 효과적인 Zigbee 인증 프로토콜에 관한 연구

고압 전력망과 IT 영역에서 응용되고 있는 스마트 그리드 네트워크(Smart gird networks)는 정보의 도청이나, 비정상적 패킷의 유통, 메시지의 재사용 등 데이터의 위 변조와 같은 외부의 공격에 쉽게 노출되는 환경에서 동작하기 때문에, 보안은 필수적으로 갖추어져야 하는 중요한 기능이다. 저전력, 초소형 저비용 장점을 갖는 Zigbee는 스마트 그리드 네트워크를 구현하는 최적의 기술로 주목받고 있다. 스마트 그리드 네트워크가 효율적으로 사용되기 위해서는 수집된 정보는 많은 경우에 네트워크 상에서 적들로부터 보호가 요구된다. 네트워크 상에서 수집되는 정보에 보안 매커니즘이 적용되어야 한다. 그러나 Zigbee 프로토콜은 보안에 취약점을 지니고 있다. 본 논문에서는 스마트그리드의 대표적인 예로 Zigbee 보안 시스템이 가지고 있는 문제점들을 자세히 분석하고, 이를 해결하여 스마트 그리드에 적합한 보안 프로토콜을 새롭게 제안하고 그 효율성을 비교 분석한다. Security is critically important for smart grid networks that are usually used for the electric power network and IT environments that are opened to attacks, such as, eavesdropping, replay attacks of abnormal messages, forgery of the messages to name a few. ZigBee has emerged as a strong contender for smart grid networks. ZigBee is used for low data rate and low power wireless network applications. To deploy smart grid networks, the collected information requires protection from an adversary over the network in many cases. The security mechanism should be provided for collecting the information over the network. However, the ZigBee protocol has some security weaknesses. In this paper, these weaknesses are discussed and a method to improve security aspect of the ZigBee protocol is presented along with a comparison of the message complexity of the proposed security protocol with that of the current ZigBee protocol.

저압계통 연계형 마이크로그리드의 보호감시 시스템

This paper mainly proposes the protective coordination scheme of the microgrid system. The microgrid protection is identical to the conventional protection system separating the normal part and contingency part to reduce damage when the contingency occur at power cables, facilities. But they are different in the protection type. The conventional protection system only considers unidirectional current. However the microgrid protection should be considered not only unidirectional current but also backfeed current because various microsources and loads are installed in the microgrid system. In case the contingency occurs in microsource, when microgrid is interconnected to grid, the protection system should be configured to not separate microgrid from grid before the microsource is isolated to microgrid. And in case of fault occur in power system, the microsources should not isolated to microgrid before the static switch at PCC is tripped to separate from power system. Considering these characteristic of microgird, this paper proposes the protective coordination scheme of microgrid and implemented the on-line real time monitoring system. Especially in case the microgrid is connected to low voltage distribution system with 220/380V voltage level, the proposed protection method with power IT technology can solve the problems when the existing protective devices only applied to the microgrid system.

전력 IT 기반스마트 파워그리드 실증 보안 체계 설계

Smart power grid is targeting to improve grid operation by integrating existing power IT technologies in the jeju smart grid field test. Real-time two-way communication and interoperability in power grid are essential to smart power grid. Adopting smart grid will increase security vulnerabilities in power grid by increasing the number of wireless sensors and the chances of the external exposure of communication networks. In addition, hackers can cause chaos in the power grid system with eavesdropping and forgery attacks in communication networks. Smart power grid is one of the most important systems in deploying smart grid, and it is important to design security system systematically since smart grid can be seriously damaged when problem occurs. In this paper, local and global smart grid security standard and security vulnerabilities in power grid are reviewed, and 2 level smart grid service model is proposed.

A Study on New Power Business Model Using Power Information Technology

The Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) recorded 2.9 trillion won deficit in the aftermath of the world financial crisis. KEPCO is trying to escape from the business crisis in every way; however, it is impossible to make huge profit by selling electricity alone. Overseas electrical utilities make profits by selling gas and heat along with electricity. However, it is difficult for KEPCO to enter the gas and the heat selling market because other public companies are already dealing with them. In this situation, improving the business is possible when KEPCO develops a new business model and creates added value using Korean advanced Power IT combined with electricity. This study shows a new business model using Power IT, based on a survey targeting managers in KEPCO branch office and electrical engineers in the field. We hope the new business model suggested in this study is adapted to the real field to create high value in the future.

Securing Operation Margin Capacity as Coordination Control among the Power Compensation Equipments

It is an important issue to electric power system operations that it can reliably supply large-capacity power to consumption area as due to increasing power demand growth. For this purpose, The FACTS equipment based on Power IT technology with the existing mechanical compensators has been applied to power system. Therefore we suggest on this paper that a plan for coordination control of multiple power compensation equipment in order to increase the utilization of each facility and secure operation margin capacity. As the result of simulation, it is possible to cope actively with a suddenly changed power system. This helps greatly for the voltage stability and supply reliability in a suddenly changed power system.

IEC 61850 기반 디지털 변전시스템의 머징유닛 시험방법에 관한 연구

디지털 기술 기반의 차세대 변전시스템과 관련하여 프로세스 버스까지 확장된 변전자동화시스템 구현에 관한 연구가 국내외에서 활발히 진행 중에 있다. 특히 IEC 61850 국제 규격이 적용된 머징유닛(Merging Unit)은 프로세스기반 변전자동화시스템의 핵심 구성요소로 그 관심이 매우 크다. 본 논문에서는 변전소의 CT와 VT를 통한 전압? 전류의 값을 IEC 61850 기반의 디지털 값인 SV(Sampled Value)로 변환하여 보내는 머징유닛의 기능과 통신서비스에 대한 적합성 성능 검증에 대한 방안을 제시하고 머징유닛을 시험할 수 있는 시험시스템을 보여주고자 한다.

Global behaviour of power system frequency in Korean power system for the application of frequency monitoring network

Since the concept of building an Internet-based real-time global positioning system synchronised wide-area frequency monitoring network (FNET) was proposed in 2001, FNET has been implemented in the Power IT Laboratory at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech.), and now it is used in monitoring the power system frequency in continuous time at more than 40 locations in the United States. A global view of the power system frequency based on FNET measurements helps understand the frequency behaviour more correctly, and its various applications such as event location estimation have been also studied. The global behaviour of power system frequency in the Korean power system, which has very unique characteristics, is analysed and thereby the possibility of applying FNET is studied. Although the scale of the Korean power system is much smaller than the US power systems, its global behaviour of frequency has its own characteristics, and those findings will help us understand any correlation between system characteristics and the global frequency behaviour. What is found here could serve as the first step to the application of FNET to the Korean power system.

차단키 실패 보호 IED의 IEC 61850 시스템 성능 시험 절차서에 관한 연구

Korea Electric Power Research Institute in charge of the power IT project Development of Prototype for Advanced Substation Automation System based on the Digital Control Technology is performing system verification. Breaker Failure protection IED can operate protection activity by communicating with other IEDs such as T/L IED, owing to IEC 61850 international standard and digital substation automation system. Accordingly, IED testing process should be changed from the conventional way by electrical contact test on individual IED to system based testing method by network communication. This paper describes how to test BF IED based on substation automation system and testing procedures using UML, which is used to implement S/W design.