Equal Power Research Articles

Atomic frequency standard based on direct frequency comb spectroscopy.

We have developed a high performance atomic frequency standard based on Doppler-free direct frequency comb excitation of a two-photon transition in 87Rb. We demonstrate equivalent performance compared to an identical system based on cw laser excitation of the clock transition. This approach greatly simplifies optical clock architecture and eliminates the need for cw lasers in many two-photon frequency standards. The clock transition linewidth and ac-Stark shift measured directly with the frequency comb are shown to be nearly identical to those obtained using a cw laser of equal average power. We directly count this reference via the frequency comb repetition rate, achieving instabilities of 1.9 × 10-13 at 1 s averaging down to 7.8(38) × 10-15 at 2600 s, currently limited by temperature dependent shifts.

Issues of Adaptation and Ethnic Struggle of Southeast Asian Migrant Workers in a Foreign Land - Taking Migrant Workers in Taiwan as an Example

This study aims to explore the adaptation process of Southeast Asian migrant workers in Taiwan and the ethnic struggles they face. Utilizing social science observational methods and literature analysis, the research focuses on the complex interactions between migrant workers and the local society, particularly the conflicts and collaborations among different ethnic groups. The findings indicate that Southeast Asian migrant workers, while living in a foreign land, must not only overcome cultural differences and language barriers but also face structural discrimination and exclusion from the local society. These phenomena can be understood through the theoretical frameworks of nationalism and racism. Nationalism emphasizes the impact of national identity on social integration, while racism reveals the existing power inequalities and exclusion mechanisms within society. Additionally, the theory of multicultural formation provides insights into how different ethnic groups interact and coexist in shared spaces. Despite these challenges, migrant workers demonstrate strong adaptive abilities, gradually achieving social integration by establishing community support networks and actively participating in local economic activities. This study aims to provide empirical recommendations for migrant worker policies and social integration strategies to promote the coexistence and development of multiculturalism, as well as to offer a theoretical foundation for future related research. Finally, this paper summarizes the following conclusions and follow-up suggestions: first, "cross-cultural conflict" will make the physical and mental conditions of foreign migrant workers unhealthy, and management measures should be based on "human rights issues" to allow foreign migrant workers to have a certain degree of freedom and development in their right to work and socialize, so enterprises should formulate relevant measures to allow foreign migrant workers to get physical and mental adjustment in a foreign land. to promote more effective communication and cooperation.

Efficient Cryptographic Solutions for Unbalanced Private Set Intersection in Mobile Communication

Private Set Intersection (PSI) is a cryptographic method in secure multi-party computation that allows entities to identify common elements in their datasets without revealing their private data. Traditional approaches assume similar-sized datasets and equal computational power, overlooking practical imbalances. In real-world applications, dataset sizes and computational capacities often vary, particularly in the Internet of Things and mobile scenarios where device limitations restrict computational types. Traditional PSI protocols are inefficient here, as computational and communication complexities correlate with the size of larger datasets. Thus, adapting PSI protocols to these imbalances is crucial. This paper explores unbalanced PSI scenarios where one party (the receiver) has a relatively small dataset and limited computational power, while the other party (the sender) has a large amount of data and strong computational capabilities. It introduces three innovative solutions for unbalanced PSI: an unbalanced PSI protocol based on the Cuckoo filter, an unbalanced PSI protocol based on single-cloud assistance, and an unbalanced PSI protocol based on dual-cloud assistance, with each subsequent solution addressing the shortcomings of the previous one. Depending on performance and security needs, different protocols can be employed for applications such as private contact discovery.

Coupling effect of dynamic power and oscillation path on butt weld formation and melt flow behavior during aluminum alloys

The influence of the coupling effect between dynamic power and oscillation path on the formation of weld seams and the fluid behavior of the molten pool during laser welding of 5A06 aluminum alloy was investigated through numerical simulation and experimentation. Three power modes were compared in the experiments: equal power (EP), delayed dynamic power (D-DP), and non-delayed dynamic power (ND-DP). The experimental results show that both D-DP and ND-DP modes are favorable to improve the mechanical properties. Among them, the joints formed under the D-DP mode exhibit the best mechanical properties, with an average tensile strength reaching ≈ 99.1% of the base material, which is an increase of ≈ 35.3% and ≈ 5.6% compared to the EP and ND-DP modes, respectively. Numerical simulation results indicate that the D-DP mode effectively mitigates the average flow velocity of the molten pool, reduces the collision effects between liquid flows, suppresses the impact of fluid on the keyhole walls, and improves the stability of the keyhole and the welding process, thereby enhancing the mechanical properties of the joints.

Women Empowerment in India

Women's empowerment is a contentious issue. Women enjoyed equal status and power to men throughout the earlier Stone Age period. However, during the post-Vedic and epic times, they began to have certain challenges. History demonstrates that women were frequently treated like slaves. The standing of women has been progressively shifting from the early 20th century (national movement), and the British people are to thank for this. It is only after the Independence of India, under the able leadership of Dr. Ambedkhar , the constitutional makers and national leaders started strongly demanding and also reiterating the equal social position of women with men. it is good to learn that a few number of women have been able to establish their potentialities. Therefore, this paper suggests that each and every human being should be careful in taking steps to promote the statuses of women and respect their dignity

Theoretical design and implementation of equal and unequal split ultra-wide band Wilkinson power divider with Chebyshev impedance transform

Abstract In this study, we designed multi-section UWB Wilkinson power dividers for both equal and unequal power divider. The key innovation is successfully matching these power dividers using the Chebyshev method. The proposed method achieves very low insertion losses and high transmission coefficients across the ports. For the three-section equal power divider, Chebyshev polynomials were used to model the reflection coefficient, and the characteristic impedance for each section was calculated symmetrically. The design achieved a fractional bandwidth of 106% for a 20 dB return loss, with an insertion loss of 0.3 dB. For unequal multi-section dividers, power division ratios of 1.5:1 and 2:1 were chosen. Theoretical microwave calculations were used to determine the input and output transmission line impedances. Chebyshev approximation was then applied to design the three-section unequal power dividers. The return losses for these unequal dividers were measured at 17 dB and 15 dB, with fractional bandwidths of 120% and 126%. Both circuits had insertion losses of 0.25 dB. The consistent results from analytical calculations, simulations, and measurements confirm the effectiveness of the Chebyshev method for both equal and unequal power division.

Women's decision-making power can influence modern contraceptive use: Evidence from Bangladesh.

It is generally believed that gender inequality and women's lack of decision-making power may restrict women's use of modern contraception, leading to high rates of unwanted pregnancies, abortions, and deaths. Evidence shows that empowered women are more likely to use modern contraception methods, but few studies have investigated this across multiple domains of empowerment. This study examined the associations between women's empowerment and modern contraception use in Bangladesh. Data from a sample of 16,834 married women aged 15-49years from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2017-2018 were analysed. Complex survey weight adjusted logistic models were fitted to evaluate the associations after adjusting for clusters, strata, and sampling weights. indicate that just over half of the married women (55.7%) had used modern contraception methods. Women's empowerment was associated with contraceptive use, especially decision-making power. Women who had medium or high autonomy of household decision making were likely to have 20% (AOR=1.20; 95% CI: 1.04-1.39) and 27% (AOR=1.27, 95% CI: 1.11-1.45) increased odds of using modern contraceptives compared to those who scored low in the decision-making domain. The findings demonstrated strong evidence of direct influence of women's decision-making power on modern contraception use. The results also found influence of several socio-demographic factors including area of residence, husband's age, wealth index andmobile phone ownership on the use of modern contraceptives. Future interventions can focus on integrating women's empowerment into family planning programming, with a particular focus on enhancing women's autonomy in decision making.

The Role of Women in the Development Path of Kerala

Kerala, a state in southwestern India, has achieved remarkable social and economic development, surpassing many other Indian states. A significant contributor to this success is the empowered role of women in Kerala’s society. This paper examines the crucial contributions of women to Kerala’s development path, highlighting their impact on education, healthcare, economy, and social reform. With a high literacy rate and active participation in the workforce, women have driven positive change and played a vital role in shaping the state’s development trajectory. The paper explores the historical and cultural context that has enabled women’s empowerment in Kerala, discussing the influence of matrilineal traditions, education initiatives, and social movements. By analyzing the experiences and achievements of women in Kerala, this research demonstrates the transformative power of gender equality and women’s empowerment in achieving sustainable development and social progress.

Hostel support workers’ experiences navigating healthcare alongside people experiencing homelessness: a qualitative study in the UK

ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore how hostel support workers (HSWs) experience navigating healthcare alongside people experiencing homelessness (PEH). PEH experience poor health outcomes, increased mortality and face many barriers when...

Matrix hypercontractivity, streaming algorithms and LDCs: the large alphabet case

We prove a hypercontractive inequality for matrix-valued functions defined over large alphabets. In order to do so, we prove a generalization of the powerful 2-uniform convexity inequality for trace norms of Ball, Carlen, Lieb (Inventiones Mathematicae’94). Using our hypercontractive inequality, we present upper and lower bounds for the communication complexity of the Hidden Hypermatching problem defined over large alphabets. We then consider streaming algorithms for approximating the value of Unique Games on a hypergraph with t -size hyperedges. By using our communication lower bound, we show that every streaming algorithm in the adversarial model achieving an ( r − ε)-approximation of this value requires Ω ( n 1 − 2/ t ) quantum space, where r is the alphabet size. We next present a lower bound for locally decodable codes ( \(\mathsf {LDC} \) ) \(\mathbb {Z}_r^n\rightarrow \mathbb {Z}_r^N \) over large alphabets with recoverability probability at least 1/ r + ε. Using hypercontractivity, we give an exponential lower bound \(N= 2^{\Omega (\varepsilon ^4 n/r^4)} \) for 2-query (possibly non-linear) \(\mathsf {LDC} \) s over \(\mathbb {Z}_r \) and using the non-commutative Khintchine inequality we prove an improved lower bound of \(N= 2^{\Omega (\varepsilon ^2 n/r^2)} \) .

Optimization of hydrogen production in multi-Electrolyzer systems: A novel control strategy for enhanced renewable energy utilization and Electrolyzer lifespan

In large-scale water electrolytic hydrogen production system based on renewable energy, the allocation strategy of hydrogen production power among multi-electrolyzers plays a critical role in the efficiency of renewable energy utilization and the quantity of hydrogen production, given a fixed power output from renewable energy sources. This paper considers the minimum hydrogen production power constraint of electrolyzer and proposes a novel control strategy for multi-electrolyzers. The operational phase of multi-electrolyzers is divided into two distinct phases: 1) the rapid start-up phase; 2) the equal power allocation phase. During the rapid start-up phase, by reducing the power of electrolyzer that has reached its rated power to a predetermined level and using this saved power to start another electrolyzer, this strategy ensures that electrolyzers can proactively and quickly exceed the minimum operational power threshold. Upon the activation of all electrolyzers, the system enters second phase, wherein the power is evenly allocated among all electrolyzers. Besides, this strategy employs a priority scheduling method to ensure the uniformity of operating times across all electrolyzers. Compared to the existing three control strategies, this proposed strategy demonstrates significant advantages in minimizing unused wind energy and optimizing the lifespan of electrolyzers. The effectiveness of proposed strategy is validated by the simulation result.

Local Dynamics of Intersectional Stigma for Black LGBTQ People in Montreal, Quebec

ABSTRACT Much academic literature on intersectional stigma is limited by a focus on relatively static and “universal” identity traits, such as ethnicity, gender, and sexuality. This paper addresses local dynamics of intersectional stigma for Black LGBTQ people in Montreal, QC, Canada. Findings draw from fourteen semi-structured, virtual interviews with key informants providing critical services to Black LGBTQ people living in Montreal. Findings suggest intersectional stigmatization via social identity and local power dynamics converge. Specifically, language and immigration are two domains determining intersectional stigma challenges and ameliorative opportunities for Black LGBTQ people in the city. Specific immigration-related challenges included (1) insecurity (e.g. concerning Canadian residency), (2) barriers to resource access (e.g. social and legal services), and (3) stressful identity challenges. Specific language issues included (1) Francophone limitations for expressing gender and sexual diversity and (2) exclusionary linguistic divisions (i.e. Franco/Anglo, Franco/non-Franco, and Western/non-Western). Local, place-based power inequities may determine black LGBTQ experiences of intersectional stigma.

Euclidean operator radius inequalities of d-tuple operators and operator matrices

Abstract We study Euclidean operator radius inequalities of d-tuple operators as well as the sum and the product of d-tuple operators. A power inequality for the Euclidean operator radius of d-tuple operators is also studied. Further, we study the Euclidean operator radius inequalities of 2 × 2 operator matrices whose entries are d-tuple operators.

Evaluation of risk prediction scores for adults hospitalized with COVID-19 in a highly-vaccinated population, Aotearoa New Zealand 2022

ObjectivesCOVID-19 severity prediction scores need further validation due to evolving COVID-19 illness. We evaluated existing COVID-19 risk prediction scores in Aotearoa New Zealand, including for Māori and Pacific peoples who have been inequitably affected by COVID-19. MethodsWe conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study in adults hospitalized with COVID-19 from January to May 2022, including all Māori and Pacific patients, and every second non-Māori, non-Pacific (NMNP) patient to achieve equal analytic power by ethnic grouping. We assessed the accuracy of existing severity scores (4C Mortality, CURB-65, PRIEST, and VACO) to predict death in the hospital or within 28 days. ResultsOf 2319 patients, 582 (25.1%) identified as Māori, 914 (39.4%) as Pacific, and 862 (37.2%) as NMNP. There were 146 (6.3%, 95% confidence interval 5.4-7.4%) deaths, with a predicted probability of death higher than observed mortality for VACO (10.4%), modified PRIEST (15.1%) and 4C mortality (15.5%) scores, but lower for CURB-65 (4.5%). C-statistics (95% CI) of severity scores were: 4C mortality: Māori 0.82 (0.75, 0.88), Pacific 0.87 (0.83, 0.90), NMNP 0.90 (0.86, 0.93); CURB-65: Māori 0.83 (0.69, 0.92), Pacific 0.87 (0.82, 0.91), NMNP 0.86 (0.80, 0.91); modified PRIEST: Māori 0.85 (0.79, 0.90), Pacific 0.81 (0.76, 0.86), NMNP 0.83 (0.78, 0.87); and VACO: Māori 0.79 (0.75, 0.83), Pacific 0.71 (0.58, 0.82), NMNP 0.78 (0.73, 0.83). ConclusionsFollowing re-calibration, existing risk prediction scores accurately predicted mortality.

Reframing convict tattoo collections: the comic as critical methodology

ABSTRACT Taking the specific example of Paco: Les Mains Rouges (2014; 2017) – a two-volumed sepia graphic novel by Fabien Vehlmann and Éric Sagot – this article explores the potential of the comic format to destabilize carceral histories via the trope of the convict tattoo. The creation of convict records (including the surveillance of tattoos) leaves a rich textual and visual archive that is steeped in power inequalities and absent voices, but also creative potential. By articulating the comic as a critical methodology, this article aims to explore the potential for the format to develop narratives that counter authorized archives and challenge dominant representations of incarceration whilst drawing creative inspiration from historical iconographies of punishment. In its consideration of creative interpretation and potential for engaging with new modes of collecting, it has applications for historical research, media, visual criminology and museum and heritage studies.

Abusive relationships and their repercussions from the perspective of undergraduate healthcare students

in several dimensions. Abusive relationships reflect patriarchal society, and perpetuate abuse of power and gender inequality. Existing literature focuses on marital relationships, pointing out a need for further investigation into violence in dating relationships and among young people. The goal was to analyze the perspective of health students on abusive relationships and their repercussions. This is a qualitative study, carried out in a private Higher Education Institution (IES), in 2023, with female students, over 18 years old. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, and analyzed and interpreted through Minayo content analysis. The research was approved by the IES ethics committee. The interviewees highlighted violence and possessiveness in abusive relationships, highlighting impacts on victims' mental health and the importance of information and positive representation of women in the media for prevention. The study emphasizes the urgency of understanding abusive relationships and disseminating information to promote more equitable and safe relationships.

A distributed coordinated control strategy for isolated AC microgrids based on consensus algorithm considering communication delay

AbstractIn the multi‐paralleled converter microgrid system, the traditional hierarchical control strategy can eliminate the bus voltage amplitude and frequency deviation from the rated value. However, isolated AC microgrids may face extreme scenarios such as communication delays and interruptions in data transmission due to the use of low‐bandwidth communication (LBC) lines. Additionally, the inconsistent line impedance of each distributed generation (DG) unit may result in the inaccurate division of reactive power in multi‐paralleled converter systems, thus affecting system stability. To address these issues, this paper presents a distributed coordinated control strategy for isolated AC microgrids based on the consensus algorithm. The proposed strategy first replaces LBC lines with a filter to alleviate the effects of communication delays. A small‐signal model is established in its state space, and stability of the microgrid system under the proposed control strategy is verified through eigenvalue analysis. Furthermore, based on the above theoretical analysis, a consensus algorithm is introduced, and a distributed control strategy for isolated AC microgrids based on the consensus algorithm is proposed to solve the issue of inaccurate equalization of the system's reactive power. Finally, factors that influence the dynamic convergence performance of the consensus algorithm are analyzed through simulation in PLECS software. Also, the maximum tolerable communication delays of the microgrid system under different communication topologies are also compared, and the system's robustness is evaluated under the condition of sudden communication interruption in a DG unit and sudden weather variation. These analyses confirmed the robustness of the proposed strategy against communication delays, output power fluctuation, and communication interruptions.

Science of Unitary Human Beings: Toward Anti-racist Actions for Human Environment Wellbecoming.

Rogers' Science of Unitary Human Beings (SUHB) and several theories that emanate from Rogers' work contain foundational concepts that may lend themselves toward nursing actions to address important social justice mandates, to advocate and to act for equity, and to uproot systems of oppression and racism in nursing. However, at the same time, theoretical concepts such as power arising from ascendant theories of SUHB are often used with little to no critical reflection for past and present-day histories of racism and power inequities in nursing and in society writ large. Using concepts related to SUHB such as integrality, turbulence, power, and patterning, we critically explore the potential of developing anti-racism reflections and actions through 3 theories: Barrett's Knowing Participation in Change; Butcher's Kaleidoscoping in Life's Turbulence; and Smith's Turbulence-Ease in the Rhythmic Flow of Patterning. We acknowledge that SUHB was/is largely developed within a framework of whiteness by scholars who were/are working from academic positions and social identities of societal safety and privilege. This requires nurses to reflect on how that history shapes SUHB. We also acknowledge the urgent need for ongoing anti-racism and justice work by nurses. As a call to action, we suggest a start by critically building upon existing theoretical foundations in SUHB to develop a more explicit anti-racist theorizing-praxis in nursing for the wellbecoming of humans and nonhumans alike.

Multiple Large Shareholders and ESG Performance: Evidence from Shareholder Friction

Sustainable corporate governance increasingly influences corporate strategy considerations. Effective governance ensures organizational sustainability, with ESG being a crucial component. Large shareholders, as direct stakeholders, have a key role in developing and implementing corporate ESG strategies. Using data on Chinese listed firms over the 2011–2022 period, we find that multiple large shareholders (MLS) depress company ESG performance, suggesting that MLS may lead to friction and high coordination costs. Interestingly, stronger controlling shareholders mitigate this negative impact, particularly when they are state-owned. Our analysis shows that relatively equal power among MLS exacerbates friction, resulting in unstable executive teams and higher internal pay gaps, which lower governance (G) and social (S) scores. However, the presence of foreign and institutional investors among the large shareholders can alleviate these issues. The negative effect of MLS on ESG is significant in firms operating in clean industries, those with low analyst attention, or those not part of the “Stock Connect Scheme”. This study highlights the drawbacks of MLS in sustainable corporate governance from an ESG perspective.

Compact circular Wilkinson power divider for wireless applications

Abstract This manuscript introduces an innovative 1-to-4 modified Wilkinson power divider designed to operate at a frequency of 3.5 GHz. The configuration of the proposed divider is fabricated on Rogers RT/Duroid 5,880, featuring a relative permittivity of 2.2 and a thickness of 0.565 mm, respectively. The circular shape employed in the design minimises size and enhances power handling capability. To achieve a 4-way power division with equal power distribution at each output port, a 1:2 power divider at 3.5 GHz is cascaded. Furthermore, we present and analyse a 1:4 WPD implemented on a microstrip line utilised as a power supply for measuring a four-port MIMO antenna. This divider exhibits excellent impedance matching at all ports and consistent phase and amplitude characteristics between the output ports. The performance metrics of the presented divider, as detailed in both experimental and simulated results, include a return loss of 27.92 dB (1:2) and 29 dB (1:4), isolation of 33.046 dB (1:2) and 35.56 dB (1:4) and insertion loss of 3.17 dB (1:2) and 6.6 dB (1:4) respectively. These proposed power dividers hold potential applications in microwave and communication systems, mainly where power division is imperative with minimal signal loss and robust impedance matching.