Microprocessor Power Research Articles

End-to-End Nano-Drone Obstacle Avoidance for Indoor Exploration

Autonomous navigation of drones using computer vision has achieved promising performance. Nano-sized drones based on edge computing platforms are lightweight, flexible, and cheap; thus, they are suitable for exploring narrow spaces. However, due to their extremely limited computing power and storage, vision algorithms designed for high-performance GPU platforms cannot be used for nano-drones. To address this issue, this paper presents a lightweight CNN depth estimation network deployed on nano-drones for obstacle avoidance. Inspired by knowledge distillation (KD), a Channel-Aware Distillation Transformer (CADiT) is proposed to facilitate the small network to learn knowledge from a larger network. The proposed method is validated on the KITTI dataset and tested on a Crazyflie nano-drone with an ultra-low power microprocessor GAP8. This paper also implements a communication pipe so that the collected images can be streamed to a laptop through the on-board Wi-Fi module in real-time, enabling an offline reconstruction of the environment.

Evolution, Challenges and Applications of Modern MOSFETs

As technology scales down to the nanoscale regime, MOSFETs are widely used in various applications today, which serve as key components in power supplies, amplifiers, digital circuits, and microprocessors. Their ability to control and switch high currents makes them essential in electronic devices, ranging from smartphones and laptops to industrial machinery and electric vehicles. However, traditional MOSFET designs face significant limitations due to quantum effects, increased variability, and many other issues. They are prone to overheating, which limits their power handling capability, and their switching speeds are relatively slow, leading to inefficiencies in high-frequency circuits. Furthermore, traditional MOSFETs suffer from voltage limitations and require complex driver circuits, restricting their use in certain high-voltage applications. This paper provides a focused exploration of the challenges and opportunities in designing nanoscale MOSFETs, which starts from providing a comprehensive overview of the history, differences, dilemmas, and applications of modern MOSFETs. By examining the evolution of MOSFET technology, discussing the challenges faced by designers, and exploring the wide range of applications, which aims to inspire further research, innovation, and advancements in this critical field of electronics.

Thermal aware task assignment for multicore processors using genetic algorithm

Microprocessor power and thermal density are increasing exponentially. The reliability of the processor declined, cooling costs rose, and the processor's lifespan was shortened due to an overheated processor and poor thermal management like thermally unbalanced processors. Thus, the thermal management and balancing of multi-core processors are extremely crucial. This work mostly focuses on a compact temperature model of multicore processors. In this paper, a novel task assignment is proposed using a genetic algorithm to maintain the thermal balance of the cores, by considering the energy expended by each task that the core performs. And expecting the cores’ temperature using the hotspot simulator. The algorithm assigns tasks to the processors depending on the task parameters and current cores’ temperature in such a way that none of the tasks’ deadlines are lost for the earliest deadline first (EDF) scheduling algorithm. The mathematical model was derived, and the simulation results showed that the highest temperature difference between the cores is 8 °C for approximately 14 seconds of simulation. These results validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in managing the hotspot and reducing both temperature and energy consumption in multicore processors.

New backstepping controllers with enhanced stability for neutral point clamped converters interfacing photovoltaics and AC microgrids

This work presents a new approach to obtain pulse width modulation (PWM) backstepping controllers with enhanced stability for neutral point clamped (NPC) multilevel converters to deliver energy from photovoltaic (PV) panels into AC microgrids. Stability enhanced backstepping non-linear controllers are obtained from the equations of the dq frame converter model to regulate the PV voltage to track the power point, and to balance the capacitor voltages through DC biasing of the PWM carriers, using a novel dynamic equation of the capacitors incremental unbalance voltage, while controlling the grid injected AC currents. Besides, the proposed controllers can change the PV panels operating point to curtail inject power for AC voltage / frequency regulation. The NPC converter and AC microgrid are simulated in MATLAB / Simulink and implemented in the laboratory to evaluate the performance of the PV energy conversion using the new stability enhanced backstepping PWM control. Simulation and experimental results show that, regarding predictive controllers, the novel stability enhanced backstepping requires lower microprocessor power than predictive controllers while presenting a similar behavior in PV voltage and power point tracking regulation, or for voltage / frequency regulation of the microgrid. AC injected currents show low levels of total harmonic distortion similar to predictive controllers and can operate at near unity power factor.

DEVELOPMENT OF A STATIC FREQUENCY CONVERTER FOR TECHNICAL OBJECTS

Speed control of an induction motor requires a 3-phase power supply that can vary both voltage and frequency. Such a power supply creates a variable-speed rotating field in the stator that allows the rotor to rotate at the required speed with low slip. A static frequency converter can efficiently provide full torque from zero speed to full speed, overspeed when necessary, and easily provide bidirectional operation of an induction motor by changing the phase rotation. Although the principles of static frequency converters are not new, advances in power semiconductors, control electronics, and microprocessors have increased their popularity. In addition, it includes vector control techniques that give capability and flexibility to the static frequency converter. Keywords: frequency, static, converter, capability.

A Review of System for Recommending Jobs Using Machine Learning

Brushless direct current (BLDC) motors are frequently used in dynamic applications. A Brushless DC Motor is similar to a Brushed DC Motor, except that as the names indicate, they are electronically commutated rather than using brushes for commutation. Brushes are utilized in conventional brushed direct current motors to transmit power to the rotor while they rotate in a fixed magnetic field. Small Brushless DC Motors have flourished as a result of current power electronics and microprocessor technology, both in terms of price and performance. This paper will discuss the history of BLDC motors, their different types, construction, operating principles, and several control mechanisms for driving BLDC motors in various industrial applications. Keywords: BLDC Motor, Pulse Width Modulation (PWM), Hall Effect Sensors, Sensorless control, Rotor, Stator, Back Emf, Trapezoidal Control, Sinusoidal Control, Field Oriented Control

Compact Foveated AR Displays with Polarization Selective Planar Lenses

The rapid development of powerful microprocessors, high-pixel density display panels, thin and small formfactor optics, and precise device fabrication capabilities enable wearable near-eye displays for augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) applications. However, in traditional near-eye displays, there is often a trade-off between field of view (FoV) and angular resolution when a single microdisplay light engine is employed. A high-resolution display panel helps overcome this conflict, but the device fabrication remains a challenge, not to mention the issues like huge data transfer, circuit overheating, and high computational load. Here, we propose a Maxwellian-type foveated AR display based on a single microdisplay light engine by using a temporal polarization multiplexing method, enabled by two polarization selective flat cholesteric liquid crystal lenses. One polarization lens provides a large FoV while the other realizes a high angular resolution imaging in a small fovea region. Moreover, the vergence-accommodation conflict issue is inherently nonexistent in the Maxwellian display, and the aberration can be eliminated for each view by matching the recording and reconstructing signals. In an experiment, we constructed a display breadboard and demonstrated that the angular resolution of the foveal view is enhanced by 3.12× while maintaining a compact formfactor. This work paves the way for implementing high-performance foveated AR displays while keeping a compact formfactor.

MAIN DIRECTIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SHIP ELECTROTECHNICS AND AUTOMATION

In recent decades, the level of electrification and automation of ships has grown significantly. This is due to the increased requirements for technical, operational and technical and economic characteristics on the part of shipowners. The implementation of the requirements has become possible due to the development of related branches of science, engineering and technology: materials science, power converter technology, microprocessor electronics, and information technology. The main directions of development of ship electrical engineering and automation, namely, improvement of power generation and distribution systems, improvement of electric propulsion systems and propulsion systems, improvement of automation systems are considered in the paper. The expediency of using valve generator sets and the transition to electric power distribution on direct current is shown. Static power sources of new generation are actively developing and spreading both in industry and in maritime transport. Good control characteristics, no restrictions on the number of reverses and minimum speed, high efficiency when operating at fractional loads, high torque overload capacity on the propeller significantly expand the scope of modern AC electric propulsion systems. The desire to combine the advantages of different types of propulsion systems has stimulated the creation of combined (hybrid) propulsion systems. Combined installations incorporate a traditional thermal main engine and a propulsion electric motor. The activation of one or another engine is carried out depending on the mode of operation and the speed of the vessel. The introduction of information technologies makes it possible to automate the management and control of maintenance and repair of ship equipment. The modern development of software and hardware and algorithmic support makes it possible to create unmanned ships that can be controlled remotely and move independently (autonomously) according to predetermined algorithms, including algorithms for divergence from other ships at sea. It is concluded that the main tasks within the framework of the directions for development of ship electrical engineering and automation are increasing the energy efficiency of the process for generating electricity by introducing valve generator sets, introduction of innovative sources of electricity with high rates of efficiency and environmental friendliness, including static sources of electricity, the use of rowing electric motors with permanent magnets and inductor type, the use of combined propulsion systems with reversible electric propulsion systems, and increasing the level of automation through the introduction of information technology and artificial intelligence.

Smart Efficiencies Enable the Internet of Everything

In the next 10–15 years, power electronics will enable the Internet of Everything (IoE) to reach a trillion sensor economy. To achieve this high volume will require focus on data and system energy trade-off within a functional framework of Sense, Think (Compute), Act, and Communicate. The IoE session of the IEEE Future of Electronic Power Processing and Conversion (FEPPCON) XI examined three aspects related to this vision of power electronics enabling such growth of IoE. The first aspect is the technological challenges and economic drivers of the data-energy trade-off across the full IoE architecture, from edge to middle to cloud. The second aspect is the specific needs and the decisions to be made due to the electronification and electrification of an established industry as demonstrated by a case study of the future of smart power tools with the associated intelligent infrastructure of future construction sites. The third aspect is how heterogeneous integration and power-data system co-design will enable the efficiency and performance requirements of the future IoE. This third aspect is demonstrated by a case study of microprocessor power management which introduces the concept of “granular power management” leading to integrated voltage regulation (IVR). During the session, invited speakers Timothy Obermann of Milwaukee Tool, Milwaukee, WI, USA, and Francesco Carobolante of IoTissimo LLC, Reno, NV, USA, presented the two case studies, and Dr. Stephanie Watts Butler of WattsButler LLC, TX, USA, introduced IoE and the functional framework used to examine IoE’s data-energy trade-off. Prof. Cian Ó Mathúna of Tyndall National Institute, Cork, Ireland, served as the session organizer, and Prof. Hanh-Phuc Le of the University of California at San Diego, USA, served as the note-taker.

Analysis of the Microcontroller Resources Using Specifics for Speech Recognition

The use of neural networks for information recognition, in particular, voice, expands the functional capabilities of embedded systems on microcontrollers. But it is necessary to take into account the limitations of the microcontroller resources. The purpose of the work is to analyze the impact of voice processing parameters and neural network architecture on the degree of microcontroller resources usage. To do this, a database of samples of the keyword, samples of other words and voices, and samples of noise are created, the probability of recognizing the keyword among other words and noises is evaluated, the dependence of the amount of memory used on the microcontroller and the decision-making time on the number MFC coefficients is established, the dependence of the amount of used memory of the microcontroller and the decision-making time on the type of convolutional neural network is established also. During the experiment, the Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense development board was used. The neural network model was built and trained on the Edge Impulse software platform. To conduct the experiment, three groups of data with the names "hello", "unknown", "noise" were created. The group "hello" contains 94 examples of the word "hello" in English, spoken by a female voice. The "unknown" group contains 167 examples of other words pronounced by both female and male voices. The "noise" group contains 166 samples of noise and random sounds. According to Edge Impulse's recommendation, 80% of the samples from each of the data groups were used to train the neural network model, and 20% of the samples were used for testing. Analysis of the results shows that with an increase in the number of MFC coefficients and, accordingly, the accuracy of keyword recognition, the amount of program memory occupied by the code increases by 480 bytes (less than 1%). For the nRF52840 microcontroller, this is not a significant increase. The amount of RAM used during the experiment did not change. Although the calculation time of the accuracy of the code word definition increased by only 14 ms (less than 5%) with the increase in the number of MFC coefficients, the calculation procedure is quite long (approximately 0.3 s) compared to the sound sample length of 1 s. This can be a certain limitation when processing a sound signal with 32-bit microcontrollers. To analyze phrases or sentences, it is necessary to use more powerful microcontrollers or microprocessors. Based on the results of experimental research, it can be stated that the computing resources of 32-bit microcontrollers are quite sufficient for recognizing voice commands with the possibility of pre-digital processing of the sound signal, in particular, the use of low-frequency cepstral coefficients. The selection of the number of coefficients does not significantly affect the amount of used FLASH and RAM memory of the nRF52840 microcontroller. The comparison results show the superiority of the 2D network in the accuracy of the keyword definition for both 12 and 13 MFC coefficients. The use of a one-dimensional convolutional neural network for voice sample recognition in the conducted experiment provides memory savings of approximately 5%. The quality of keyword recognition with the number of MFC coefficients of 12 is approximately 0.7. For 17 MFC coefficients, the recognition quality is already 0.97. The amount of RAM used in the case of the 2D network has decreased slightly. Voice sample processing time for both types of networks is practically the same. Thus, 1D convolutional neural networks have certain advantages in microcontroller applications for voice processing and recognition. The limitation of voice recognition on the microcontroller is the sufficiently long processing time of the sound sample (approximately 0.3 s) with the duration of the sample itself being 1 s, this can be explained by a sufficiently low clock frequency of 64 MHz. Increasing the clock frequency will reduce the calculation time.

Research and design of high-performance DSP control system based on frequency control

With the rapid development of power electronic devices and microprocessors, AC variable frequency and speed regulating system has also made a breakthrough. The thesis introduces the hardware circuit design based on TMS320F28335, and the result of the experiment proves the SVPWM algorithm is correct. It also does some research on VF control system of the inverter and the result of the experiments proves that the control system achieves the purpose, and has a quick dynamic response.

Model of the supporting leg of an anthropomorphous robot or exoskeleton with two movable links taking into account the dynamics of the electric drive. Power engineering: research, equipment, technology

Currently, the direction associated with the development of exoskeletons and anthropomorphic robots is experiencing rapid growth due to the increase in the computing power of microprocessors and the breakthrough development of the theory of control of complex systems, including electromechanical systems that simulate the biomechanics of the human musculoskeletal system. This paper presents a controlled mechatronic robotic model of the support leg of an anthropomorphic robot or exoskeleton with two moving links.GOAL. Mathematical modeling of the dynamics of the supporting leg of an exoskeleton or an anthropomorphic mechanism in the form of two moving links.METHODS. The main difference between the model presented in this study and those created earlier is the use of angles counted between links corresponding to the case of real operation of electric drives. To achieve the goal of the work, the methods of robotics, mathematical modeling, mechatronics, theoretical mechanics, the study of systems of ordinary differential equations, control theory, empirical data for the human musculoskeletal system were applied.RESULTS. For the model of the mechanism, a system of Lagrange equations of the second kind is written, direct and inverse problems of dynamics are solved for a given program control of the motion of a mechatronic robotic system. The results are presented graphically and as an animated visualization of the movement of the links. Calculations were carried out both without taking into account the dynamics of electric drives, and taking into account the rotation of the rotors of electric motors. It has been established that the influence of the dynamics of the rotor of the electric motor on the mechanism is significant.CONCLUSION. The developed methods for setting the program movement of the supporting leg of an exoskeleton or an anthropomorphic robot made it possible to solve direct and inverse problems of dynamics and establish the need to take into account the rotating rotor of an electric motor.

Optical Interconnects Finally Seeing the Light in Silicon Photonics: Past the Hype.

Electrical interconnects are becoming a bottleneck in the way towards meeting future performance requirements of integrated circuits. Moore’s law, which observes the doubling of the number of transistors in integrated circuits every couple of years, can no longer be maintained due to reaching a physical barrier for scaling down the transistor’s size lower than 5 nm. Heading towards multi-core and many-core chips, to mitigate such a barrier and maintain Moore’s law in the future, is the solution being pursued today. However, such distributed nature requires a large interconnect network that is found to consume more than 80% of the microprocessor power. Optical interconnects represent one of the viable future alternatives that can resolve many of the challenges faced by electrical interconnects. However, reaching a maturity level in optical interconnects that would allow for the transition from electrical to optical interconnects for intra-chip and inter-chip communication is still facing several challenges. A review study is required to compare the recent developments in the optical interconnects with the performance requirements needed to reach the required maturity level for the transition to happen. This review paper dissects the optical interconnect system into its components and explains the foundational concepts behind the various passive and active components along with the performance metrics. The performance of different types of on-chip lasers, grating and edge couplers, modulators, and photodetectors are compared. The potential of a slot waveguide is investigated as a new foundation since it allows for guiding and confining light into low index regions of a few tens of nanometers in cross-section. Additionally, it can be tuned to optimize transmissions over 90° bends. Hence, high-density opto-electronic integrated circuits with optical interconnects reaching the dimensions of their electrical counterparts are becoming a possibility. The latest complete optical interconnect systems realized so far are reviewed as well.

Using an intelligent control scheme in the open-source design on non-invasive rehabilitation platform of physical therapy for patient

In the context of global pandemic, hospital or healthcare center is very sensitive for patients. However, the injuried patients must maintain their medical orders to rehabililate as soon as possible, otherwise, the clinical treatment could be interruptted. To overcome these troubles, an open-source design of mechanical machine for non-invasive method (NIPPT) is firstly introduced. The advantages of our approach are low-cost, available in the market and satisfy the medical requirements. The structure and motion of wrist are initially analyzed to obtain the dimensional sizes of mechanical details. Owing to computational mechanics, the architecture of hardware components is determined and manufactured. Later, sensing modules such as torque sensor, positioning sensor and limit sensor are integrated while powerful microprocessor provides the abilities of rapid calculation, small sampling time and stable operation. Then, the model-free control scheme such as fuzzy PID (F-PID) is embeded into hardware in order to drive the mechanism appropriately. Due to the simple implementation and servo lag phenomenon, this controller is expected to adapt with the uncertainties and unknown environment. Based on this design, several medical exercises are validated in the experimental tests. It is obviously seen that the proposed approach is feasible, proper and possible for clinical applications.

Wireless Transfer of Electric Power - a Disruptive Technology

Wireless (contactless) transfer of electric power is a disruptive technology because it abandons wired transmission technology, the only technology used in electrical and electronic engineering until recently, just like in the past animal traction and film photography were replaced by mechanical traction and digital photography. Although revealed at the end of the nineteenth century through Tesla’s inventions, it could be applied in practice only in the ‘80s of the twentieth century, with the development of power electronics and microprocessors. After an introduction and an overview of the operating principles, the paper presents the readiness level reached by this technology, the stage of standardization, Romanian achievements and future prospects for high power applications.

The POWER Processor Family: A Historical Perspective From the Viewpoint of Presilicon Modeling

Presilicon modeling is a crucial and integral part of processor microarchitecture definition and optimization. In this article, I attempt to provide a retrospective view of IBM's POWER and PowerPC microprocessors, through the lens of someone who has been associated with such modeling in support of microarchitecture definition and optimization from the earliest days of this particular family of processors. The focus in the early/mid-1980s was on cycle-accurate performance modeling; much later, beginning in 1999 or so, the looming power wall triggered a new era of power-performance modeling at the microarchitecture level. Subsequently, temperature-aware and reliability-aware modeling were added dimensions that CMOS technology evolution drove us into. The problem of model validation is an unavoidable aspect of presilicon modeling. Without that mindset, the microarchitecture definition team can make serious mistakes, which results in unpleasant postsilicon surprises. I provide pointers to early approaches in addressing this issue. The article attempts to mention the contributions of many talented researchers and engineers that have, over the years, contributed immensely to the evolution of the POWER/PowerPC microprocessors from earliest research concepts through the recently announced POWER10—using model-based analysis to ensure competitive performance growth.

Thermal Transport Analysis of Injected Flow through Combined Rib and Metal Foam in Converging Channels with Application in Electronics Hotspot Removal

The development of miniaturized and more powerful electronic devices and microprocessors has resulted in high heat generation and temperature values in these components. That affects the performance, reliability and lifespan of the devices. In addition, more local hot spots are generated in the components that require even more attention to prevent stress failure and fatigue. As such, the employment of advanced electronics cooling systems is very essential to keep the temperature below the safe temperature. In this work, innovative cooling systems are developed and analyzed employing jet impingement technology, high conductive metal foam, rib structured target surfaces, confined non-uniform small-scale channel, and conductive heat spreader plate. The base of the foam-filled cooling channel is subject to a uniform high heat flux value resembling the electronics device to be cooled. For numerical modeling of thermal transport through foam filled region, the local thermal non-equilibrium model in porous media is utilized resulting in two energy equations for solid and fluid phases. For better understanding of flow and thermal characteristics of jet impingement through the combination of metal foam and rib structured surfaces in confined channels, several effective parameters are studied such as slot and circular jet impingements, the shape and orientation of the ribs, impinging jet velocity, applied heat flux and the thickness of conductive heat spreader plate for hotspot removal. The results show that the fully foam filled channel provides a more efficient cooling in comparison with partially foam filled channel. Furthermore, the results indicate the advantage of utilization of ribs at the stagnation region of the impinging jet, for local thermal treatment of hotspots. The perpendicular cuboid ribs placed at the stagnation zone of the coolant jet impingement provide 13% increase in maximum local Nusselt number while the increase in the pressure drop and required pumping power are as small as 4.2%. Doubling the velocity would result in 35.3% increase in the maximum local Nusselt number, 180% increase in the pressure drop and 460.7% increase in the required pumping power. An increase in the thickness of the conductive heat spreader plate increases the base local temperature but improves local temperature uniformity.

Combined feedback–feedforward control of Ćuk CCM converter for achieving fast transient response

The Ćuk converters operating in continuous conduction mode (CCM) can be preferred in applications such as microprocessor power delivery and pulsed load because these circuits have advantages of being able to step up/down, a small number of power components, and low input/output current ripples. However, they show poor transient performance due to right-half-plane-zeros (RHPZs) in the closed-loop transfer function of the Ćuk CCM converter. To enhance the transient response, a combined feedback–feedforward control for the Ćuk CCM converter is proposed. The proposed control scheme comprises a feedback control signal based on a Lyapunov function and a duty-ratio feedforward control signal. A Lyapunov-function-based controller (LBC) achieves fast dynamic response even under large-signal variations from the operating point. The duty ratio feedforward controller (DFFC) is developed to predict the effect of the disturbances and compensate it, while alleviating the burden of LBC. The proposed control logic makes the closed-loop system of the Ćuk CCM converter globally exponentially stable and thus provides a fast transient response even under large-signal variations. To construct the proposed controller, the authors make use of the large-signal averaged model of the Ćuk CCM converter, and consider the parasitic elements. To verify the proposed control scheme, numerical simulations and experimental tests are conducted.

Design, modeling and parametric optimization of thermoelectric cooling systems for high power density electronic devices

Abstract The present article reports on the design, modeling and parametric optimization of a thermoelectric cooling system for electronics applications. An analytical model based on energy equilibrium is developed for cooling a microprocessor using a thermoelectric module with an air-cooled finned heat sink. The proposed analytical model is validated by experimental measurements and by comparison with detailed 3D numerical simulations. Estimation of effective material properties of the thermoelectric module using manufacturer-reported performance characteristics is found to reduce the uncertainty in the calculation of module input power as compared to experimental measurements. A parametric optimization of the thermoelectric module and heat sink is carried out to maximize the coefficient of performance (COP) and achieve the required cooling capacity of the microprocessor. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is demonstrated for cooling current high power microprocessors. At a constant input current, the cooling capacity and COP of the thermoelectric cooling system increase with increasing thermoelectric module geometric ratio. Furthermore, at a constant geometric ratio, the cooling power increases with increasing input current to reach a maximum value and then decreases. The present study highlights the importance of designing and fabricating high-performance thermoelectric cooler modules with optimum parameters for cooling specific electronic components. The results indicate that the cooling capacity can be increased by ~70% using thermoelectric modules with optimized parameters as compared to using non-optimized commercially available thermoelectric modules.

Digital Addiction: Systematic Review of Computer Game Addiction Impact on Adolescent Physical Health

The advancement of technology has enabled powerful microprocessors to render high-quality graphics for computer gaming. Despite being intended for leisure purposes, several components of the games alongside the gamer’s environmental factors have resulted in digital addiction (DA) towards computer games such as massively multiplayer online games (MMOG). Excessive gaming among adolescents has various negative impacts on an individual. However, only a few researchers have addressed the impact of DA on physical health. Thus, the primary objective of this research is to study the impact of DA on physical health among Malaysian adolescents. This study focuses on Malaysian adolescents of ages 12–18 years old who are addicted to computer games, specifically the MMOG. The methodology used for the study involves focus group discussions (FGD) and extensive literature study. The FGD sessions have involved both medical experts and game experts. The outcome of FGD discussion is recorded and justified with the existing relevant literature from high-impact journals, theses, conferences, books, and reports. This paper provides evidence of five physical health impacts of DA associated with adolescents. The factors of DA, the addiction components existing in MMOG computer games, and the DA health risk assessment are presented in the results section. Based on the study, it is concluded that DA among Malaysian adolescents can cause various impacts on physical health such as obesity, back pain, and neck pain, orthopaedic/joint muscle, eyesight problem, hearing problem, as well as physical inactivity.