Power Generation Research Articles

Risk assessment of zero-carbon hydrogen energy storage systems coupled with renewable energy power generation systems

Risk assessment of zero-carbon hydrogen energy storage systems coupled with renewable energy power generation systems

A Multidirectional Piezoelectric-Electromagnetic Vibration Energy Harvester for Sustainable Power Generation in Dynamic Environments.

With the growing demand for self-powered sensing in wireless sensor networks and IoT applications, vibration energy harvesting has become a key solution for sustainable power generation. This study proposes a multidirectional piezoelectric-electromagnetic vibration energy harvester capable of capturing energy from multiple directions (MD-PEVEH). The MD-PEVEH adopts a pendulum structure to improve the multidirectional adaptability of the harvester and also integrates an electromagnetic module and a piezoelectric module. The effective use of electromagnetic induction and piezoelectric effect improves the overall output power and output stability of the harvester. Experimental results show that at 8.5 Hz, the MD-PEVEH achieves a maximum output power of 6.99 mW, with power fluctuations within 5% across different excitation angles. Capacitor charging tests confirm its energy storage capability, reaching 20 V in 13 s (10 μF), 40 s (47 μF), and 59 s (100 μF). Practical tests demonstrate its ability to power 250 LEDs, a temperature sensor, and a wireless transmitter module. The findings highlight the MD-PEVEH's multidirectional adaptability and stable power output, making it a promising solution for sustainable energy harvesting. Future work will focus on optimizing structural parameters, improving energy density, and evaluating long-term performance in real-world applications.

Sustainably harnessing of LNG cold energy for power generation and wastewater desalination

Sustainably harnessing of LNG cold energy for power generation and wastewater desalination

Renewable target constrained co-expansion planning of wind power generation and long-duration energy storage considering wind draughts

Renewable target constrained co-expansion planning of wind power generation and long-duration energy storage considering wind draughts

Hybrid solar, wind, and geothermal power generation combined with energy storage for sustainable energy management in remote buildings

Hybrid solar, wind, and geothermal power generation combined with energy storage for sustainable energy management in remote buildings

MODELING OF END EFFECTS IN A GAS COOLER USED IN A SUPERCRITICAL CARBONDIOXIDE POWER BLOCK

Abstract Supercritical Carbon dioxide (sCO2) Brayton cycle power blocks provide unique advantages for power generation through flexible operation and highly compact power plants. Gas coolers in sCO2 power blocks play a crucial role in maintaining desired conditions at the compressor inlet to maximize net power output and cycle efficiencies. Design, modeling and optimization of these gas coolers for sCO2 cycles are a challenging task given the proximity of operating conditions to the critical point. Microchannel heat exchanger configurations with repeating unit cell architecture are preferred from the perspective of maintaining compact form factors while maximizing the heat transfer rates with reasonably low-pressure drop penalties. The current work investigates the end effects due to surface heat loss from the bounding walls of heat exchanger stack on thermo-hydraulic performance. A hybrid approach of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling coupled with a Thermal Resistance Network (TRN) for estimating complete stack performance is presented under end effects. A compensation strategy to mitigate the variations in pinch temperature is investigated for different channel banking configurations. The findings from the current work indicate that the presence of end effects manifests as variations of channel pinch temperatures leading to flow maldistribution across the heat exchanger stack.

Modelling and simulation of H2-blended NG powered SOFC for heat and power generation applications

Modelling and simulation of H2-blended NG powered SOFC for heat and power generation applications

Performance investigation of sCO2 compressors under various splitter length and circumferential positions for advanced power generation

Performance investigation of sCO2 compressors under various splitter length and circumferential positions for advanced power generation

Improving the temperature uniformity and power generation of a concentrated photovoltaic cell under highest solar concentration ratios

Improving the temperature uniformity and power generation of a concentrated photovoltaic cell under highest solar concentration ratios

Design, evaluation, and application of a multi-magnetic circuit electromagnetic vibration energy harvester with a narrow air gap structure

This study proposes a novel electromagnetic vibration energy harvester (EMVEH) with multiple magnetic circuits that reduce the air gap width to less than 1 mm by introducing magnetic yokes. The design utilizes the opposing changes in the overlap state between the beam and two yokes, causing the magnetic flux of the coil to alternate between positive and negative directions, thereby improving power generation efficiency. We optimized the magnet size, magnetic yoke height, and yoke spacing. The output characteristics of the EMVEH were assessed using vibration experiments, and its power-generation capability for moving vehicles was evaluated. Additionally, we verified the feasibility of a self-powered Internet of Things (IoT) system utilizing the EMVEH by integrating an energy management circuit. This EMVEH offers a sustainable energy solution for IoT systems by harvesting otherwise wasted industrial vibrations, reducing dependency on batteries, lowering maintenance costs, and mitigating environmental impacts by eliminating battery disposal issues.

New Control Strategy Based PV- STATCOM for Mitigation of Power Oscillation Damping

Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) like the Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) are commonly employed to enhance the performance and stability of power networks. This study introduces a photovoltaic (PV)-based STATCOM system, referred to as PV-STATCOM, which incorporates a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) to effectively mitigate power oscillations. The core functionality of the proposed system involves temporarily suspending the PV system’s real power output during daytime disturbances. When oscillations are detected, the PV inverter halts energy production for a brief period—typically a few seconds—and instead operates in a mode that utilizes its full capacity to dampen the oscillations. Once stability is achieved, the inverter resumes its power generation role in a gradual manner, ensuring a smooth transition and quicker recovery compared to traditional grid code-based responses. During nighttime, when the PV system does not generate real power due to lack of sunlight, the inverter continues to function fully as a STATCOM for oscillation damping. Simulation results conducted in MATLAB confirm that the proposed system significantly improves power transfer capacity under various dynamic conditions. Additionally, the PV-STATCOM offers a cost-effective solution compared to conventional STATCOM devices, potentially resulting in considerable savings for utilities involved in power generation and distribution. Index Terms--Photovoltaic solar power systems, voltage control, reactive power control, power oscillation damping, FACTS, STATCOM, power transmission, PV ramp rate Fuzzy logic controller.

Advances and Applications in Electrical Industrial Automation: A Comprehensive Review

Electrical industrial automation has emerged as one of the key driving forces behind the transformation of modern manufacturing processes. Over the past few decades, automation technologies have significantly enhanced productivity, efficiency, and safety in various industries. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the advancements in electrical industrial automation, including the latest technologies, techniques, and systems used in the automation of industrial processes. We explore the role of smart sensors, Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), robotics, and communication protocols in revolutionizing industrial automation. Additionally, the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and the Internet of Things (IoT) in automation systems has opened up new frontiers in terms of real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance, and system optimization. The paper discusses key applications of automation in sectors such as manufacturing, power generation, transportation, and the oil and gas industry. Despite the numerous advancements, the review also highlights the challenges faced by industries, such as cybersecurity concerns, interoperability issues, and the need for skilled workforce development. The paper concludes by examining future directions for electrical industrial automation, including the potential impact of Industry 4.0, digital twins, and autonomous systems.

Performance Analysis of Pulse Detonation Micro Gas Turbines Under Typical Operating Conditions

ABSTRACTConsidering the benefits of pulse detonation combustion, including low entropy increase, high cycle thermal efficiency, and self‐pressurization, a performance calculation model for a pulse detonation micro gas turbine was established using methane as fuel. The study primarily investigated the impact of component parameters, ambient conditions, and load on the power generation efficiency, work capacity, and heat consumption rate of micro gas turbines. The calculation results demonstrated that, compared with traditional micro gas turbines based on isobaric combustion, pulse detonation combustion could significantly enhance the thermodynamic performance of micro gas turbines under various conditions. The power generation efficiency of the pulse detonation cycle initially increased and then decreased as the compressor pressure ratio increased, with the optimal pressure ratio being lower than that of the isobaric cycle. The influence of ambient temperature on the performance of pulse detonation micro gas turbines was significantly greater than that of ambient pressure and humidity. The pulse detonation micro gas turbine could leverage its performance advantages when operating at higher loads. Under the specified operating conditions, the pulse detonation cycle exhibited a power generation efficiency of 35.04%, a unit power of 320.73 kW/(kg/s), and a fuel consumption rate of 0.2044 kg/(kW·h), all of which were significantly higher than those of the isobaric cycle. The results further emphasized the superior performance of the pulse detonation micro gas turbine and provided theoretical support for the development of the gas turbine power generation field.

Effect of post-resettlement support policies for Ningxia reservoirs

With the economy’s and society’s rapid development, reservoir construction has gradually become an essential infrastructure for water resource regulation, flood control and disaster reduction, and power generation. However, involuntary migration is an increasingly prominent global challenge, presenting a common challenge worldwide. Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region is located in the northwest of China, in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River basin, and is a typical arid and rainless area. To improve the uneven spatial and temporal distribution of water resources and ensure regional economic and social development, Ningxia actively promotes the construction of water conservancy infrastructure such as reservoirs. However, the large-scale immigration problem brought about by reservoir construction has also become an important social challenge that the region has long faced, attracting widespread attention from all walks of life. To enhance the lives of emigrants in the reservoir areas, the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region government has implemented a series of post-resettlement support policies since 2006. This paper constructs an evaluation index system specifically for these post-resettlement support policies for Ningxia reservoirs, calculating a comprehensive index. A panel regression model is employed to empirically analyze the result of post-resettlement support policies on GDP, industrial development, residents’ income, and government budget deficits. Our research finds that post-resettlement support policies for Ningxia reservoirs can significantly promote local economic development and alleviate fiscal deficit rates but demonstrate an inhibitory effect on both industrial development and household income growth. Further analysis indicates that the result of post-resettlement support policies on residents’ income and the level of industrial development exhibits a U-shaped relationship, namely a nonlinear relationship of declining first and then rising. This paper not only enriches the theoretical framework of post-resettlement support policies for the reservoirs but also gives empirical evidence for policymakers to assist in poverty alleviation and wealth creation for emigrants in reservoir areas, promote economic and social development in reservoir and immigrant areas, and build a harmonious society.

Compact Direct Drive PM-Generator for Low-speed Wind Applications

The increasing global focus on sustainable energy has accelerated the development of efficient and reliable wind power generation systems. This papert presents the design and analysis of a Compact Direct-Drive Permanent Magnet Generator (DD-PMG) specifically optimized for low-speed wind applications. By eliminating gear-based transmission, the proposed system achieves a simplified mechanical structure with reduced maintenance and improved energy conversion efficiency. The primary aim of the project is to maximize electrical output at low wind speeds, making it suitable for regions with limited or variable wind resources. The study emphasizes the performance of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators (PMSGs) under low-speed operating conditions, focusing on key metrics such as power output, electromagnetic efficiency, and torque smoothness. A core objective is to reduce cogging torque, which affects startup behavior and stable power generation. To achieve this, a detailed investigation is conducted by varying skew angles and air gap lengths, enabling identification of optimal configurations for minimizing torque ripple and enhancing low-speed performance. Simulation-based evaluations demonstrate that proper skewing techniques and air gap tuning significantly improve generator efficiency without compromising energy output. The compact generator design is well-suited for rural electrification, off-grid energy systems, microgrids, and hybrid renewable applications

Integrating up-conversion nanoparticle films to maximize photovoltaic power output

Silicon-based photovoltaic (PV) panels are key technologies in the pursuit of sustainable energy solutions, yet enhancing their efficiency remains a significant challenge. The mismatch between the solar irradiance spectrum and the absorption spectrum of silicon results in a considerable loss of useful solar energy. In addition, the absorption of infrared radiation by PV panels leads to thermal buildup, which further reduces the power output over time. This study proposes the development of a light-conversion film incorporating up-conversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) to enhance the effi-ciency of PV panels. Lanthanide-based UCNP, NaYF₄³⁺/Er³⁺, were selected for their ability to con-vert near-infrared (NIR) light into visible light, thereby converting otherwise wasted thermal ener-gy into usable electrical energy. UCNPs convert energy through their intrinsic material properties, exhibiting good photostability, which is critical for long-term applications, thereby potentially re-ducing the overall cost of solar energy production. As a proof of concept, the UCNPs were incorpo-rated into a fluoropolymer matrix (FEVE) and applied to transparent 3M films, which were subse-quently tested across different days on silicon-based PV panels at the roof of the campus building at SIT@Dover between the period of May to July 2024. The matrix and films were chosen for their optical transparency and ease of application onto PV panels. Material characterization of the UCNP-coated films showed an optimal intersection between optical transparency and upconverted emis-sion intensity at a 10% concentration of UCNP. From empirical testing, the mixture of blue and green-emitting UCNPs delivered the best performance in terms of consistent power generation. Notably, the 10% green-emitting UCNP film outperformed the other configurations during peak sunlight, yielding power increases of 3.52% and 3.48%, respectively. When the UCNP-coated film’s performance was isolated from the substrate film, improvements were more pronounced, with gains of 9.74% and 9.69%, suggesting that better performance can be achieved if the UCNP is di-rectly incorporated into the PV panel. Assuming that a 9% increment in power generation can be achieved on a large scale, the estimated levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) can be reduced from SGD$1.31 to SGD$1.16. As part of future work, the UCNPs will be incorporated directly into the glass of PV panels or as an additional coating layer above the Silicon cells. This study contributes to the ongoing development of photovoltaic technologies, providing a practical solution to improve panel performance and support the global transition toward more efficient and sustainable energy systems.

Integration of multi module flow domain to demonstrate the full engine aero-flow path simulation of Single Spool Turbojet Engine

Abstract The need for Full engine Simulations is gaining traction in multidisciplinary fields due to the complexity and comprehensiveness of this high fidelity computational analysis whereas Gas turbines, as key power producing devices, have wide ranging applications in aerospace, power generation, and marine engineering. As industries strive for enhanced engine performance and sustainability, understanding the complex behavior of gas turbines through simulation is essential for optimizing design, efficiency and is crucial in determining the design and off design behaviour and characteristics across flight envelope. This paper presents a comprehensive approach to full engine simulation, incorporating both standalone and integrated analysis methods. By understanding both the approaches, the study offers a holistic understanding of the engine’s performance, facilitating the identification of potential design improvements and operational optimizations. This analysis focuses on primary flow incorporating turbulence within the fluid domain. The results shown using contour plots represent critical performance parameters, such as Mach number and static pressure variations across the engine’s operating range. These contours allow for easy identification of better operating points and highlight performance trends across different subsystems and overall engine configurations.

Design and Analysis of a Hybrid MPPT Method for PV Systems Under Partial Shading Conditions

Photovoltaic (PV) power generation may vary with respect to several factors such as solar radiation, temperature, power conditioning units, environmental effects, and shading conditions. The partial shading of PV modules is one of the most crucial factors that causes the performance degradation of PV systems. The main reason for efficiency reduction under partial shading conditions is the creation of multiple local maximums and one global maximum operating point. The classical Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm fails to determine the global maximum operating point to prevent power losses under partial shading conditions. In this study, a novel hybrid MPPT method based on Perturb & Observe and Particle Swarm Optimization that mainly aims to determine global operating point, is proposed. The proposed hybrid MPPT method is tested under different partial shading conditions and variable irradiance levels. In this manner, the dynamic response of the system is remarkably increased by the proposed MPPT method. To show the superiority of the developed method, a performance comparison is conducted with the P&O- and Kalman-Filter-based MPPT methods. The obtained results illustrate an improvement around 1.5 V in undershoot voltage and 0.2 ms in convergence speed. In addition, the overall system efficiency of the PV system is increased around 2% when compared to the P&O- and Kalman-Filter-based MPPT methods. Consequently, the proposed method seems to be an efficient method in terms of undershoot voltage, convergence time, tracking accuracy, and efficiency under partial shading conditions.

High-performance dielectric elastomers with transparent electrodes for wearable and portable technologies

Dielectric elastomers offer several advantages such as low cost, high efficiency, high output, large deformations, light weight, and ease of stacking. Recently, it has become possible to lift a weight of 8 kg by more than 1 mm at a speed of 88 ms using 0.15 g of a dielectric elastomer. Additionally, transparent or nearly transparent electrodes can be fabricated using carbon nanotubes or carbon black, respectively. Through leveraging these properties, researchers are exploring applications such as transparent lenses and high-performance transparent speakers, with the ultimate aim of integrating this technology into portable devices like digital cameras, video cameras, and mobile phones. New potential applications being considered include transparent power-assist devices, wearable generators, wind power generators, and wave power generators. Transparency allows these devices to blend into their surroundings, whilst not being obtrusive to observers and the environment. In this study, we review elastomer and electrode materials aimed at improving the performance of dielectric elastomer actuators, sensors, and generators. We also discuss challenges related to transparent electrodes and propose potential solutions. Based on these results, potential applications are also discussed.

Simulation study on hybrid electric propulsion system of extended range amphibious vehicle using

This study proposes the design of an extended-range amphibious vehicle equipped with a self-sustaining power system to support the electric propulsion system and enhance the operational range of the vehicle. The system includes a 10 kW generator driven by an internal combustion engine. A simulation model was developed in MATLAB/Simulink to evaluate the vehicle's performance. Simulation results under land-based operating conditions indicate that the vehicle achieves a maximum speed of 60 km/h and accelerates from 0 to 40 km/h in 15.6 seconds with a 7.5 kW motor. The model also analyzes engine power, battery power, generator power, battery state of charge, and charging current at various speed levels. The self-sustaining energy system enables the vehicle to echarge its 72 V, 120 Ah battery at a maximum rate of 0.2C during deceleration or when stationary. The findings demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed model and its potential for practical application.