Solution For Power Generation Research Articles

An IoT-Based Hedge System for Solar Power Generation

Environmental protection is an important issue in recent decades, and renewable energy is an ideal solution for eco-friendly power generation. Solar-power generation is a popular renewable energy with low cost and small environmental footprint, which leads to exponential growth and high industrial investment. A mature solar business model has been established, but some uncertainties hinder the development, especially when focusing on the lack of solar-radiation. To address these issues, in this article we propose a hedging system to hedge the low-radiation risk for solar-investors through the designed IoT-based data, edge-based models for predicting solar-radiation as well as hedging options. Our experimental results show that the edge-based predictive models can obtain an R-squared value of 0.841 and a correlation coefficient of 0.917. For binary options designed in the hedging system, the broker can obtain stable payoffs with the highest Sharpe ratio of 3.354, and the investors can obtain large payoffs during low-radiation. Our simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed hedging system for investors (buyer-side), simultaneously, present the motivation of the broker (seller-side) to join the designed hedging system utilized in solar-power generation.

Experimental analysis of temperature, light intensity, and humidity on rooftop standalone solar power plant

Rooftop standalone solar technology is a new renewable power generation solution worldwide and can reduce carbon dioxide levels in the environment. However, several factors affect the performance of the power plant, it is highly influenced by weather parameters. This paper shows the design of the rooftop standalone solar power plant and the influence of temperature, light intensity, and environmental humidity on it. The designed system consists of a 200WP photovoltaic, 1260Wh LiFePO4 battery, and an MPPT solar charge controller 40A. This standalone power plant was applied to supply the energy of the home lighting, with 20Watt the total of power. The result shows the design of the rooftop standalone solar power plant. Furthermore, there is an influence of temperature, light intensity, and environmental humidity on the LiFePO4 battery input power.

Verification of Rotordynamic Design Using 1/5 Scaled Model Rotor of 270 MW-Class Gas Turbine Center-Tied Rotor

Gas turbine power generation is relatively minor in terms of pollutant emissions, such as nitrogen oxides or sulfur oxides, as compared to thermal power generation using coal or petroleum. This is because of the use of liquefied natural gas, known as an eco-friendly power generation solution. Large gas turbines used for power generation are suitable for the power load demanded by modern society, which fluctuates very much with respect to power consumption because it takes only about 10–20 min to reach the entire output from the start-up. A large gas turbine used for power generation is a rotating machine that features a high degree of difficulty in mechanical design due to its fast start-up characteristics, structural complexity, and high operating temperature, while also emphasizing stability. Customers are demanding operational reliability as a prerequisite before evaluating the performance of a gas turbine. It is very important to design and verify the rotor dynamics sufficiently and accurately from the design stage prior to fabrication in light of that it is very difficult to change the rotor dynamics characteristics once the design is completed and finished. Many researchers are trying to improve the design completeness, but the researches that actually design and verify the power generation gas turbine are limited only to a few manufacturers with the original technology, so there is little verification of actual gas turbine. In this paper, rotor dynamics analysis and verification of a 270 MW class DGT-300H gas turbine rotor newly developed by DHI. To verify the center tie-rod type rotor design of a large gas turbine for power generation, which was conceptually designed using in-house design tools, a 1/5 scaled model was designed by applying the dynamic scaling law. In order to verify the suitability of the applied tie-rod design, the characteristics of the variation of the natural frequency with the variation of the pre-tightening force were tested in order to confirm the dynamic proper pre-tightening force. The design of the scaled model rotor was created, the model was designed and fabricated, and the natural frequencies were analyzed and tested to confirm the validity of the design method and the suitability of the analysis results. After the design of the large gas turbine rotor for 270 MW class power generation, the natural frequencies of the rotor before the blade installation were analyzed and the suitability of the design was verified by implementing a vibration test of the rotor before blade installation.

System simulation as decision support tool in ship design

Abstract Due to new regulations about emissions, ship design needs to face in these years the challenge of implementing new technologies on-board vessels. All these technologies cut in different ways SOx, NOx and CO2 emission and affect different ship’s systems. Pollution reduction can be archived by implementing emission reduction systems, like scrubbers, or switching from traditional residual bulk fuels to different ones. To evaluate impact of each solution on-board, a system engineering approach must be applied since early-stage design. In this paper a simulation tool able to support ship design is presented. Thanks to a system simulation, different possible solutions for power generation are evaluated in three different cases, distinguishing specific weight factors for each evaluation criterion. Then, a rank of the different solutions is done in order to reflect the weight of the attributes in defining alternative layouts for the generation power plant.

Key Enablers and Barriers of Solar Paver Technologies for the Advancement of Environmental Sustainability

The global initiatives to improve environmental sustainability have centered on reducing energy consumption and developing technological solutions for greener power generation. Current insights on innovations for environmental sustainability are primarily from developed countries, with limited studies originating from developing countries. This study focuses on solar paver technology, a potential innovation for sustainable generation of power. This technology lies in its dual-purpose ability to enable the use of solar roadways that can generate electricity to power other road infrastructure such as electric lights. To maximize the potential of success of deployment of solar pavers, it is important to investigate the practicalities of solar pavers and understand the perceptions of stakeholders that will be responsible for the implementation of solar pavers. This study addresses this gap in knowledge. Thirty construction industry stakeholders in Malaysia were interviewed through focus group discussions and in-depth interviews. Qualitative analysis identified two main themes and five sub-themes, namely (i) key enablers (motivation, opportunity, and ability); (ii) key barriers (challenges and weaknesses) of solar paver technology. This study provides fresh insights into a new form of sustainable solar paver technology engendering new streams of research in construction engineering and technology management. Implications for management and organizational research are discussed.

Application of battery energy storage systems in industrial facilities

For any facility, reliability and availability of power are key. Traditional gas- or diesel-driven power generation designs for facilities rely on generated spinning reserve to achieve power system stability and availability for defined operational scenarios and expected transients. Spinning reserve is extra generating capacity that is usually introduced by running additional power generator(s). Battery energy storage systems (BESSs) as energy storage units provide for a virtual spinning reserve in a hot standby arrangement to achieve the same effect for a set period during operating scenarios and transient events. Use of BESS technology is becoming more frequent within electrical network systems, remote sites and industrial facilities on the back of improved battery technology. This lends itself to better BESS reliability, effectiveness and lower associated cost to procure and install. Many of Clough’s projects are remote and islanded where they need to be self-sufficient, generating and distributing their own power needs. BESS units are scalable energy storage systems that can be used as a part of power generation solutions for facilities installed onshore or offshore. In addition to supplementing the primary generation on a facility as static storage units, BESS units offer benefits such as reduced emissions on facilities by not burning fossil fuels to achieve spinning reserve; they also allow for power management of generation systems, store any excess power from primary generators, allow for integration of renewables, offer constructability benefits and reduced operational/maintenance costs. The commercial and environmental benefits of BESS units are key drivers in Clough’s decision to embrace their use on future projects.

Application of Green Power Generation Technology for Distributed Energy

This article discusses and analyzes the technical strengths and weaknesses of the green power generation that can be used for distributed system (power generation) power generation, for instance, solar power generation, wind power, hydrogen fuel cells, biomass power generation, and small gas turbines. The key to the discussion is to apply the technical distributed power generation of solar power stations. In addition, it also discussed the use of "focusing solar power generation high-temperature solar thermal power conversion system software" technical completion of distributed system power distribution. Low-cost, high-temperature solar thermal power generation is selected as the power generation solution medium, the power generation is technically low consumption and high-efficiency, the volume and power generation methods are conveniently equipped, the stability is high, and the economic development is environmentally friendly.

Comparative Performance Assessment of 300 MW Solar‐Coal Hybrid Power Generation System Under Different Integration Mechanisms

Solar−coal hybrid power generation (SCHPG) system is one of the interesting solutions for solar power generation. This research aims to find a more viable integration mechanism of solar energy into a coal‐fired thermal power plant in terms of techno‐economic and ecology perspective. Performance of the 300 MW SCHPG system in the nominal and part‐load condition is analyzed under three different integration mechanisms. Numerical simulation of 300 MW SCHPG system is investigated under four different cases using a thermal balance approach. Operation modes of fuel‐saving (FS) and power‐boosting (PB) are considered for each case. Among the proposed cases, Case 4 is obtained as a good operation performance, which is recommended as the main case. The solar energy in Case 4 is used for evaporating feedwater and steam superheating, and steam reheating. Results show that the optimal aperture area of the heliostat solar field is 330 330 m2, and the minimum levelized cost of electricity is 0.1847 USD kWh−1. In Case 4, thermal efficiency is increased by 7.19% with standard coal consumption reduced by 45.3 g kWh−1 compared to a reference power plant. In the SCHPG system, coal consumption is reduced by 26.8 tons h−1 in FS mode, whereas power output is increased 30 MW h−1 in PB mode.

Recyclable epoxy systems for rotor blades

The global energy demand is largely met by power generated from fossil fuels (Thermal Power plants) and nuclear means (Nuclear Power plants). Even though both these technologies have been used for decades, they have huge environmental impact and severe sustainability issues with depleting fossil fuel and serious concerns about the spent nuclear rods disposal. With growing awareness of impact on the environment and finding a sustainable solution for power generation, wind energy offers a lasting solution that addresses both issues, however it is still not truly sustainable as the primary materials used for manufacturing of rotor blades are non-recyclable. A new revolutionary technological solution has been invented where in, the epoxy thermoset can be recovered as thermoplastic and the reinforcement in composite can be re-used, making it a first of its kind in the thermoset industry segment. The Recyclable Epoxy Systems for rotor blades provide a path breaking solution that enables recycling of epoxy thermoset, recovery and re-use of the reinforcement and the matrix in a fibre reinforced composite. Leveraging from the proprietary Recyclamine® platform technology, series of recyclable epoxy systems are developed for wet lay-up and infusion processes to meet the requirements for both on-shore and off-shore rotor blades, including next generation rotor blades. The systems are characterized by determining process and performance properties and found to provide distinct advantages in comparison to the conventional non-recyclable epoxy systems. The recycling of composites made from recyclable epoxy systems is successfully demonstrated by low energy solvolysis followed by recovery of the reinforcement and epoxy matrix as thermoplastic. The recovered reinforcement and epoxy thermoplastic are re-used to make composite and representative thermoplastic object respectively, deriving value from the waste and closing the loop to make the wind energy industry sustainable for a circular economy.

Optimal economic dispatch of power generation solution using lightning search algorithm

Economic dispatch (ED) is the power demand allocating process for the committed units at minimum generation cost while satisfying system and operational constraints. Increasing cost of fuel price and electricity demand can increase the cost of thermal power generation. Therefore, robust and efficient optimization algorithm is required to determine the optimal solution for ED problem in power system operation and planning. In this paper the lightning search algorithm (LSA) is proposed to solve the ED problem. The system constraints such as power balance, generator limits, system transmission losses and valve-points effects (VPE) are considered in this paper. To verify the effectiveness of LSA in terms of convergence characteristic, robustness, simulation time and solution quality, the two case studies consists of 6 and 13 units have been tested. The simulation results show that the LSA can provide optimal cost than many methods reported in literature. Therefore, it has potential to solve many optimization problems in power dispatch and power system applications.

The Future of Flexible Organic Solar Cells

AbstractExtensive efforts have been devoted during the last decade to organic solar cell research that has led to remarkable progress and achieved power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) in excess of 10%. Among the existing flexible organic solar cells, ultrathin organic solar cells with a total thickness <10 µm have important advantages, including good mechanical bending stabilities and good conformability. These advantages have led to power generation solutions for wearable electronics. In this essay, the progress of flexible and ultrathin organic solar cells, and the future research directions pertaining to these cells are discussed based on the potential applications of textile‐compatible solar cells. Both process engineering and development of the material of ultrathin substrate films have improved the PCE of ultrathin organic solar cells, which in turn have led to the small PCE difference between flexible organic solar cells with substrate thickness >10 µm and ultrathin organic solar cells with substrate thickness ≤10 µm. Key technologies for the further improvement of PCE of flexible/ultrathin organic solar cells are discussed. Strategies to improve the stability and some important aspects, which determine the mechanical robustness of flexible organic solar cells, are also presented and discussed.

Research of the hydrostatic transmission for deep-sea current energy converter

It is well known that generating electricity in the deep-sea has always been a very challenging problem. Aiming at the power demand of the underwater observation system, this paper presents a novel distributed ocean current energy hydrostatic transmission (HST) power generation solution, which can generate electricity efficiently and continuously in large depth and low flow velocity environment. The proposed solution adopts a dual-pump confluence design. According to this, the working pressure of the HST is reduced to avoid overflow compared to the single pump design, and therefore the dispersed micro-energy in deep-sea can be aggregated together to convert continuously to active power rather than to the heat. Furthermore, the solution employs an energy-saving strategy involving constant pressure pump and seawater cooling and improves effectively the efficiency to some extent. Besides, it was found that the working pressure of the system depends not only on load torques but also on turbine speeds reversely, while the speed of hydraulic variable displacement motor maintains constant. Therefore, dual-pump confluence implies power aggregation and plays a key role in generating electricity in deep-sea. Simulation results and the tests based on the 5 kW prototype verifies the feasibility of the proposed distributed HST solution. Accordingly, at the current status, the distributed HST power generation is the most probable solution applied to the deep ocean.

Comparative Study of Relieving-DC-Saturation Hybrid Excited Vernier Machine With Different Rotor Pole Designs for Wind Power Generation

Hybrid excited (HE) machines are a potential solution for wind power generation for their high efficiency from permanent magnet (PM) and good flux regulation ability from flexible field current. However, the principle and machine performance of different structures are diverse, which brings challenges in selection of machine topologies and in the dimensional parameter design. Hence, in this article, two machines with different topologies are presented and analyzed to show their merits and demerits. Both machines have relieving-DC-saturation PMs located in the slot openings, while only one of them has consequent rotor PMs to provide an auxiliary flux and to enhance torque production. In this article, the machine structure and working principle are presented, including the relieving-DC-saturation-relieving effect and air-gap field harmonic analysis. For a fair comparison, under the same outer diameter, rated current density, the dimensional parameters of two machines are optimized with genetic algorithm (GA). Further, the machine performance of the optimal models is compared in terms of torque production, back EMF, voltage regulation ability and speed range. The merits and demerits of both machines are summarized in the conclusion.

Design and development of green energy conversion system using waste water and organic kitchen wastes

The design aspects and operational methodologies of a prototype microbial fuel cell and kitchen wastes based GECS are presented in this paper. The objective of this innovative research work is to provide an engineering solution for power generation from kitchen water, organic and agricultural wastes in green and biocompatible manners. The aluminium and copper foil sheets as cathode and an anode respectively are used as an electrode in the developed GECS. The comprehensive experiments have been performed using different bio-fuels from kitchen waste samples in bio-electric sandwich GECS chamber. The design and working aspects of GECS under anaerobic and aerobic conditions are described and discussed in this paper. The sandwich design of developed GECS comprises a bottom chamber and bio-fuel disposal chamber with 24 cassettes array. The output terminals of the 24 cassettes array arrangement produce 6 to 12 volts and exhaust byproduct as the liquid bio-fertilisers.

Design and development of green energy conversion system using waste water and organic kitchen wastes

The design aspects and operational methodologies of a prototype microbial fuel cell and kitchen wastes based GECS are presented in this paper. The objective of this innovative research work is to provide an engineering solution for power generation from kitchen water, organic and agricultural wastes in green and biocompatible manners. The aluminium and copper foil sheets as cathode and an anode respectively are used as an electrode in the developed GECS. The comprehensive experiments have been performed using different bio-fuels from kitchen waste samples in bio-electric sandwich GECS chamber. The design and working aspects of GECS under anaerobic and aerobic conditions are described and discussed in this paper. The sandwich design of developed GECS comprises a bottom chamber and bio-fuel disposal chamber with 24 cassettes array. The output terminals of the 24 cassettes array arrangement produce 6 to 12 volts and exhaust byproduct as the liquid bio-fertilisers.

Techno-economic performance comparison of enhanced geothermal system with typical cycle configurations for combined heating and power

The hot dry rock contains abundant heat, which can be exploited by enhanced geothermal systems, being one of the most commonly used geothermal power generation solutions. To enhance the power generation efficiency and utilization of geothermal resource, four combined heating and power systems are presented for geothermal fluids temperature ranging from 120 °C to 220 °C and dryness between 0 and 0.9. The operating parameters of four enhanced geothermal systems are respectively optimized, and the system performances are analyzed and compared. The results showed that the system performances as well as the optimal operating conditions varied with the temperature and dryness of the geothermal fluid. The double-flash organic Rankine cycle based combined heating and power system exhibited the highest power generation efficiency under geothermal fluid temperature and dryness coupling. The double-flash organic Rankine cycle based combined heating and power system had the highest techno-economic performance in the practical application, which the levelized cost of electricity was 0.0831 $/kWh and the payback period was 9.43 years. The organic Rankine cycle subsystem using n-Octane showed preferable power generation performance, while using n-Decane showed preferable techno-economic performance. Moreover, the enhanced geothermal system configuration and its operating parameters should match with actual local geothermal fluid conditions and the double-flash organic Rankine cycle based combined heating and power system was recommended in most cases.

EFFICIENT ENERGY SOLUTION FOR WASA FAISALABAD TAKING INTO CONSIDERATION THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

This work describes the energy requirements for water supply and sewerage management of Faisalabad urban area and additionally suggests energy management improvements by incorporating grid connected renewable Photo- Voltaic (PV) based power generation. As the ground water in Faisalabad is mostly saline, Water and Sanitation Agency Faisalabad (WASA FSD) brings water from nearby soft water sources and pumps them to consumers within the city. To maintain water supply and sewerage disposal operations, WASA FSD requires to purchase 40k to 50k USD worth of electricity monthly from Faisalabad Electric Supply Company (FESCO) which is financially burdening for WASA. Additionally, as this energy demand is met from Pakistan’s already strained national grid, there is a need to better manage Agency’s energy requirements. In this work, we study utilization of an On-Grid PV solution for renewable power generation to meet the agency’s requirement of are 3.238 ×106 electricity units per month. Such systems can, in principle, eliminate dependency of WASA on the National Grid and additionally provide WASA with an energy efficient and sustainable power generation system with low environmental impact. In this paper, simulate a solar energy system without any energy storage system to determine its feasibility. Here, we present simulation results to estimate successfulness of such a project. Additionally, financial and technical aspects of the project have also been discussed suggesting a payback period less than 7 years.

The State-of-the-Art Technology of H-Type Darrieus Wind Turbine Rotors

AbstractThere has been a resurgence of interest in the development of small-scale vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs) in the past few decades as is evident from the plethora of published scientific work. This attention may be attributed to the desperate need for cheaper, cleaner, and off-grid mechanisms for generating electric power. In such hasty scenario, VAWTs are being considered as one of the potential solution for small-scale power generation. Among the VAWTs, H-type Darrieus rotors have undergone extensive exploration. In this review work, an attempt has been made to assemble all the major areas of research done in the field of H-type Darrieus rotor development. These areas include the aerodynamic models, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods and turbulence models, self-starting and dynamic stalling behavior, blade-vortex interaction and wake studies, and blade designs and optimization studies, besides topics of special interest like blade curvature effects and skewed flows. Overall, the work gives a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art technology of the H-type Darrieus rotor. Finally, recommendations have been made for each of the areas keeping in view of the technological development.

Conceptual All-Electric Retrofit of Helicopters: Review, Technological Outlook, and a Sample Design

The diffusion of electric system on-board has started after 2000 due to the need of fulfilling new regulations regarding environmental impact of aviation and of reducing maintenance costs. This process has led to the more-electric aircraft concept design, for which several hydraulic and pneumatic systems have been replaced by electric drives. The main obstacles to the switch to electric propulsion and energy storage/production (all-electric aircraft) are the unfavorable energy-to-weight and power-to-weight ratios of battery and fuel cell that represent the two viable technological solutions for energy storage and power generation. Helicopters make no exception in the transition to electric systems, although with a significant lag with respect to fixed-wing aircraft. Nevertheless, it is expected that, in the future, the technological progress will make electric propulsion a standard solution also for rotorcraft. This paper presents a review of the steps toward electrified aircraft taken by the aviation industry in the past decades (mainly concerning fixed-wing vehicles) and the conceptual all-electric retrofit of a case study lightweight helicopter. Different batteries and fuel cell solutions are examined, and the performance (range and endurance) and economic aspects (life cost and investment plan) are critically analyzed, considering both the currently available technology and the expected future developments.

Hybrid solar PV/PEM fuel Cell/Diesel Generator power system for cruise ship: A case study in Stockholm, Sweden

Optimal design and performance analysis of renewable energy system to serve the cruise ship main and auxiliary power in Stockholm, Sweden is presented in this paper. The goal is to integrate renewable energy systems in small and large ships for greener and sustainable marine transport. The power load for the cruise ship was determined, and modeling and simulation analysis was used to investigate the daily and annual performance of the power system architectures including the efficiency and capacity factors of the energy conversion systems. The total electrical power generated from the solar PV, PEM fuel cell, and Diesel generator; the cost of electricity; and the greenhouse gas and particulate matter PM emissions were determined. The proposed renewable energy system offers a good penetration of renewable energy system (13.83%), and greenhouse gas and particulate emissions reduction (9.84% emissions reduction compared to baseline system using Diesel engines). The integration of renewable and clean power systems such as solar PV and PEM fuel cell (high electrical efficiency) is very attractive solution for onboard ship power generation. They are economically viable (reduce the cost of Diesel fuel), cleaner than the conventional gas turbine and internal combustion engines and reduce the dependency on fossil fuel.