Power Generation In India Research Articles

Measurement of radon exhalation rate and radiation doses in fly ash samples.

Coal based thermal power plants contribute about ~ 72% of the power generation in India. Indian coal is of bituminous type, having a high ash content with 55-60% ash. Due to considerable environmental importance the collected fly ash has become a subject of worldwide interest in recent years. In the present study radon exhalation rate and the activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K radionuclides in fly ash samples from Kasimpur Thermal Power Plant, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India have been measured by 'Sealed Can technique' using LR-115 type II detectors and a low-level NaI (Tl)- based gamma-ray spectrometer, respectively. Radon exhalation rate has been found to vary from 57.1±5.3 to 119.4±7.7 mBq m-2h-1 with an average value of 87.3±5.8 mBq m-2h-1. Activity concentration of 226Ra ranged from 20.0±8.5 to 30.0±9.7Bqkg-1 with an average value 23.4±9.0Bqkg-1, 232Th ranged from 17.0±9.9 to 69.0±13.8Bqkg-1 with an average value of 46.5±12.1Bqkg-1 and 40K ranged from 130.0±7.2 to 332.0±11.1Bqkg-1 with an average value of 177.0±8.1Bqkg-1.

Study of Insulation Loss in Boiler

Thermal is the main source for power generation in India. The percentage of thermal power generation as compare to other sources is 65%. The main objective of thermal power plant is to fulfill the energy demands of the market and to achieve these demands; plant requires technical availability with the parts reliability and maintenance strategy. This paper deals with the determination of current operating efficiency of Boiler and calculates major losses for Super thermal power plant (India) of 210MW units. Then identify the causes of performance degradation. Also find the major causes of heat losses by Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) and recommends its appropriate strategy to reduce major losses. The aim of performance monitoring is continuous evaluation of degradation i.e. decrease in performance of the steam boiler. These data enable additional information which is helpful in problem identification, improvement of boiler performance and making economic decisions about maintenance schedule.

Design and Fabrication Pneumatic Expandable Vehicle

Thermal is the main source for power generation in India. The percentage of thermal power generation as compare to other sources is 65%. The main objective of thermal power plant is to fulfill the energy demands of the market and to achieve these demands; plant requires technical availability with the parts reliability and maintenance strategy. This paper deals with the determination of current operating efficiency of Boiler and calculates major losses for Super thermal power plant (India) of 210 MW units. Then identify the causes of performance degradation. Also find the major causes of heat losses by Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) and recommends its appropriate strategy to reduce major losses. The aim of performance monitoring is continuous evaluation of degradation i.e. decrease in performance of the steam boiler. These data enable additional information which is helpful in problem identification, improvement of boiler performance and making economic decisions about maintenance schedule.

Study of Power Sector Reforms for Madhya Pradesh Development

AbstractThe nuclear power industry in India plays a significant role in meeting the country's energy demands and fostering economic growth. This research study explores the need for research in the context of India's nuclear power industry, specifically focusing on Madhya Pradesh (MP). The aim is to investigate the potential of nuclear energy as a clean and sustainable resource for economic development in the region. The study considers the interplay between economic growth, resource reduction, and energy consumption within the state.Highlights of the article importance of nuclear energy in India's overall energy mix and its potential for driving economic progress. The Indian nuclear power industry encompasses various sectors, including industrial, transmission, and commercial. Nuclear energy is recognized as a clean and vital economic resource, capable of providing substantial benefits to the national economy.The focus of this research is MP, the largest state in terms of nuclear power generation in India. The state's economic growth depends on several factors, including energy consumption. To achieve significant improvements in resource reduction and sustainable development, it is crucial to examine the role of nuclear power within the state's energy sector.The research study presented in this article addresses the electricity reform of the Madhya Pradesh State Electricity Board (MPSEB). By evaluating the infrastructure and recent discussions surrounding the Chutka Nuclear Power Plant project, which aims to support the energy sector in the Mandla region, this study aims to contribute to the understanding of the potential economic benefits of nuclear power in MP.The findings from this research will provide valuable insights into the relationship between nuclear energy, economic growth, and sustainable development in the Indian context. It will help policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers in formulating strategies and policies that promote the effective utilization of nuclear power as a catalyst for economic progress while ensuring environmental sustainability. This study ultimately contributes to the knowledge base required for harnessing the full potential of nuclear energy in India's energy landscape.

Assessing the competitiveness of Indian solar power industry using the extended Five Forces Model: a green innovation perspective.

India's demand-supply imbalance electricity market results from the country's rapid population growth and extensive industrialization. Due to increased costs, many residential and commercial customers have difficulty paying their electric bills. Households with lower incomes are confronted with the most severe energy poverty in the entire country. A sustainable and alternative form of energy is required to solve these issues. Solar energy is a sustainable energy choice for India; however, the solar industry faces many issues. One of them is managing end-of-life cycle photovoltaic (PV) waste, as massive deployment of solar energy capacity has resulted in generating large amounts of PV waste, ultimately affecting environmental and human health. Therefore, this research employs "Porter's Five Forces Model" to analyze the factors that significantly impact the competitiveness of India's solar power industry. The inputs for this model consist of semi-structured interviews conducted with experts in the solar power industry on various solar energy-related issues and a critical analysis of the national policy framework using the relevant literature and official statistics. The impact of five significant stakeholders of the solar power industry on solar power generation in India is evaluated: buyers, suppliers, competitors, substitutes, and potential competitors. Research findings indicate the Indian solar power industry's current status, challenges, competition environment, and future estimates. This study will help the government and stakeholders to understand the intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting the competitiveness of the Indian solar power sector and suggest policy recommendations to formulate procurement strategies that promote sustainable development within the solar industry.

A Study on 500 MW Coal Fired Boiler Unit’s Bowl Mill Performance through Coal Sampling and Characterization: CPRI’s Experience

Coal-fired thermal power stations presently account for nearly 52 % of the total power generation in India’s power generation sector. There is a constant need to monitor the performance of the coal-fired power plant auxiliaries/ components and ensure maintenance of these to optimum levels of operating parameters to achieve the trouble-free generation of quality and consistent electric power output. Coal’s mineralogical content and its physical parameters decide the performance of the coal pulverizer in terms of optimum ground coal output and the life of the grinding elements in the coal mills/ pulverizers. The grinding media in the pulverizes are subjected to high erosion rates owing to the presence of abrasive minerals like pyrites, alumino-silicates and hard minerals like α quartz, which are attached to the coal mass as contaminants during mining. A study was undertaken along with the Pulverizers Division of M/s. BHEL for evaluation of Coal Bowl Mill, for guaranteed performance at a 500 MW capacity NTPC thermal power plant. The study was conducted to assess the effective performance of the pulverizers of this 500 MW boiler unit for its maximum capacity of 60.9 t/hr for guaranteed coal condition and assess optimum output in terms of fineness of the crushed coal during continuous loading under the designed operating parameters. The study was also carried out to ensure that the pulverizer grinding efficiency and the effective output of the finely crushed coal were achieved by proper optimization of the mill mechanical auxillaries and their operating parameters.

Energy-water nexus for thermal power generation in India: challenges and opportunities

Energy-water nexus for thermal power generation in India: challenges and opportunities

Inequality in air pollution mortality from power generation in India

India’s coal-heavy electricity system is the world’s third largest and a major emitter of air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Consequently, it remains a focus of decarbonization and air pollution control policy. Considerable heterogeneity exists between states in India in terms of electricity demand, generation fuel mix, and emissions. However, no analysis has disentangled the expected, state-level spatial differences and interactions in air pollution mortality under current and future power sector policies in India. We use a reduced-complexity air quality model to evaluate annual PM2.5 mortalities associated with electricity production and consumption in each state in India. Furthermore, we test emissions control, carbon tax, and market integration policies to understand how changes in power sector operations affect ambient PM2.5 concentrations and associated mortality. We find poorer, coal-dependent states in eastern India disproportionately face the burden of PM2.5 mortality from electricity in India by importing deaths. Wealthier, high renewable energy states in western and southern India meanwhile face a lower burden by exporting deaths. This suggests that as these states have adopted more renewable generation, they have shifted their coal generation and associated PM2.5 mortality to eastern areas. We also find widespread sulfur emissions control decreases mortality by about 50%. Likewise, increasing carbon taxes in the short term reduces annual mortality by up to 9%. Market reform where generators between states pool to meet demand reduces annual mortality by up to 8%. As India looks to increase renewable energy, implement emissions control regulations, establish a carbon trading market, and move towards further power market integration, our results provide greater spatial detail for a federally structured Indian electricity system.

Exploring the role of coal consumption, solar, and wind power generation on ecological footprint: evidence from India using Fourier ADL cointegration test.

The transition to renewable energy sources has been identified as crucial to combating climate change on a global scale. India's future energy vision is becoming increasingly focused on renewable markets, particularly solar and wind power, which would improve energy efficiency and allow the country to shift from a coal-based economy to a renewable-based economy by 2030. In this context, the present study intends to investigate the impact of India's considerable investments in solar and wind power plants on mitigating environmental degradation by reducing reliance on coal-fired power. To this end, this study adopts the Fourier Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ADL) cointegration test and Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) to assess the relationship between coal consumption, solar power, wind power, and ecological footprint in India using data from 1995 to 2018. The empirical results show that solar and wind power are significant and negatively related to ecological footprint, indicating that they lessen the environmental degradation. However, coal consumption is significant and positively related to ecological footprint. The study findings confirm the constructive role of solar and wind power in mitigating environmental degradation that is caused by the domination of coal-fired power generation in India, and solar and wind power are cleaner alternatives to replace coal-fired power.

Perspective of new distributed grid connected roof top solar photovoltaic power generation policy interventions in India

The building integrated rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, contribute significantly to the decentralised power generation. In this study a detailed analysis of the new distributed power generation policy from roof top PV systems, in India, is carried out along with identifying policy interventions required for its successful implementation. A contrasting perspective of decentralised power generation analysis is presented for roof top power generation enhancement and solar industry growth in India. As a case study, the implementation of roof top PV power generation in India is presented which faces a number of challenges including resistance from energy distribution companies (DISCOMs). The electricity tariff analysis is also carried out, to suggest corrective measures. The novelty of the study is that it identifies solar tariff, benchmark cost, energy subsidy pattern, release methodology and lack of incentives to DISCOMs as crucial parameters to be addressed for roof top PV promotion. The study is of importance and of interest for the effective implementation of distributed renewable power generation in the residential sector for solar industry and DISCOM growth in India and other countries worldwide.

Exploring Recent Trends in Solar Energy Application

Renewable energy sources and developing countries facing technologies like india are long-term ability to provide solutions to energy problems have. Riya energy is india’s new capability energy is not only an important part of the development plan improving safety and environmental concerns great for remedial and renewable energy lead to the market. Solar thermal power (STE), also known as compressed solar power (CSP) it is a growing renewable energy technology future potential for power generation in india can be created as an option. The use of solar energy has reached a significant margin in recent years. Newly Analyzed Nuclear Fusion We create new standard solar models using cross-sections Provide results for heliosystemic measurements and solar neutrino fluxes.

Forecasting the Movement of Renewables Stocks Using BSE Energy Index1

Coincident to the dip in the demand of conventional sources of energy like coal, oil and gas as the pandemic progressed has been a surge in the global demand for environment friendly practices, putting the spotlight on energy generated from renewable sources. The Renewables sector has found favor and is witnessing steady rise on a global level. Though a minor contributor to the power generation in India, this sector is deemed to grow in the coming years as India strives to reduce its CO2 emissions, making the related instruments lucrative investment options. Stock exchanges are critical to the economic health of a nation and the pandemic led to major crashes in several exchanges around the world. Investment firms can employ deep learning models to forecast the movement of the market and thus assure their customers of high returns in the high-risk environment, cutting through the general pessimism pervading the investment sphere post-pandemic. This work builds forecasting models for two such stocks using neural networks. Selecting the BSE as the universe of study, two companies are selected and modelled across two techniques: LSTM and Bidirectional LSTM, employing three different feature sets. The inclusion of BSE Energy Index in the models alongside the historical prices enables capturing the influence of external elements on the energy market.

Thermoelectric Power Generation and Water Stress in India: A Spatial and Temporal Analysis.

This study aims to reveal the status quo and future trend of thermoelectric water use and water stress in India. We compiled a bottom-up geo-database for all thermal power plants in India and identified the type of cooling technology used. We then estimated thermoelectric water withdrawal and water consumption in India from 2009 to 2018 and projected future trends in thermoelectric water use up to 2027 using the integrated power planning and dispatch model, SWITCH-India. Results show that thermoelectric power generation in India is not a major source of water stress in most basins until 2027. Freshwater withdrawal varied from 14 to 16 billion m3 during the study period, while freshwater consumption increased with growing thermal power generation. The catchment in the middle of the Ganga River basin has the largest freshwater withdrawal and consumption. The volume of water withdrawal accounts for less than 1% of blue water availability in most catchments. It is also likely that a larger proportion of power generation and water withdrawal will occur in catchments that are under lower water stress in the future. Policy interventions should target stressed catchment areas and improve the resilience of thermal power plants to outages due to water stress.

Current scenario of wind power in India, government policies, initiatives, status and challenges

PurposeThis paper aims to review the role of government initiatives for the development of wind power industries in India, to provide better and benevolent policies in the production of wind energy density and to maximize the use of the renewable source of energy which permits to reduce carbon emission from the coal-based power plant and to curtail tackle need of society and mitigate poverty.Design/methodology/approachThe present study is carried out on the current position of wind power generation in India. Government policies for promoting clean energy and associated problems are also analysed herein detail. However, secondary approaches are opted in terms of alertness of caring for the environment hazardous and reduced the major economies aspects by fulfilling the schema of Kyoto Protocol and Paris Agreement, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.FindingsThe prospective of wind energy generation is huge, as an ancient source of energy, wind can be used both as a source of electricity and for agricultural, irrigation uses. The study of wind turbine blades and its features showed how it can be properly fabricated and used to extract the maximum power, even at variable and low wind speeds.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough India has achieved a remarkable advancement in wind power sectors, it needs to eradicate all the loopholes to evolve as super power in wind energy sector leaving behind its rivalry China. To do this, it is required to develop in many fields such as skilled manpower, advancement in research and development, grid and turbine installation, proper distribution, smooth land acquisition, modern infrastructure, high investment and above all industry friendly government policy.Practical implicationsThe present study finds out effects of wind power energy as a source of renewable energy to mitigate energy crisis.Social implicationsAs a source of renewable energy and cost effectiveness, wind power can be evolved as a potential means enhance social life.Originality/valueThe present paper caries out critical analysis for the active use of renewable energy in the present and forthcoming days. Such unique analysis must help India as a developing nation to balance its energy crisis.

A brief review on the Gorlov helical turbine and its possible impact on power generation in India

This article reviews the various technologies in crossflow hydro turbines and the viability of installing Gorlov helical turbine in possible potential sites. The article also shares insight into the small hydro project and its current situation in India. Various approaches in simulation for the cross-flow turbine are also evaluated. Also, various design approaches to Gorlov helical turbine are outlined with simulation. Much care is taken to introduce various experimental data regarding the output characteristics of the Gorlov helical turbine.

Methodology in early detection of conveyor belt fire in coal transportation

ABSTRACT Thermal power units are a major source of power generation in India. Belt conveyor is the leading transportation system in a thermal power plant. Belt conveyor fire in a thermal power plant breaks the chain of the transportation system, stops the feeding to the boiler, and often leads to closure of the plant, and thereby impacts the production for several months incurring huge losses. The main aim of this study is to design a model for early detection of belt conveyor fire and its automatic fire suppression system. The proposed model incorporates safety devices and sensors which shall be activated whenever it is necessary. Based on coal characteristics, threshold limit values (TLV) of sensors are defined. Proximate analysis, critical oxidation temperature, fire ladder, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies were conducted to characterize the five coal samples used in this study collected from Talwandi Sabo Power Ltd. (TSPL), Mansa, Punjab, India. For the coal samples used in this study (with an average moisture content of 7.59 wt %), the average critical oxidation temperature was observed to be 81.3 ⁰C. Further, the fire ladder study indicates that gas sensors like CO and H2 should be installed in the belt conveyor route. Based on laboratory and field investigations an automated model for early detection of fire was proposed which incorporates safety devices, temperature, and gas sensors, and fire suppression mechanisms.

Environmental Justice in India: Incidence of Air Pollution from Coal-Fired Power Plants

Air pollution is a vexing problem for emerging countries that strike a delicate balance between environmental protection, health, and energy for growth. We examine these difficulties in a study of disparate levels of exposure to pollution from coal-fired power generation in India, a country with high levels of air pollution and large, marginalized populations. With data on coal plant locations, atmospheric conditions, and census demographics, we estimate exposure to coal plant emissions using models that predict emission transportation. We find that ethnic and poor populations are more likely to be exposed to coal pollution. However, this relationship is sometimes non-linear and follows an inverted u-shape similar to that of an Environmental Kuznets Curve. We theorize that this non-linear relationship is due to the exclusion of marginalized communities from both the negative and positive externalities of industrial development.

Costs of avoided carbon emission from thermal and renewable sources of power in India and policy implications

India is the third-largest carbon emitter after the USA and China due to its over-reliance on low-efficiency coal-fired power plants. To reduce carbon emission, India has set up an ambitious target to harness power from renewable energy resources. To examine whether solar and wind are the least cost options to reduce carbon emission, the study estimates the cost of avoided carbon emission from thermal and renewable power generation in India. The study first estimates the Levelized Cost of Electricity Generation (LCOE). These LCOE estimates are then extended to calculate the avoided cost of carbon emission (CAC) from coal-based super and ultra-supercritical technologies along with solar, wind, and combined cycle gas-based power with respect to the subcritical power plant. The study also conducts sensitivity analysis and scenario building exercises. It establishes that super and ultra-supercritical power plants and not the solar or wind are the least-cost options for India to reduce its carbon emission. The study concludes with a set of important policy prescriptions.

Preparing a Holistic Case for the Development of Glint and Glare Guidelines Related to Solar Power Generation in India

Lately, Solar Photovoltaic Technology has become emblematic of the cleaner and greener power generation source. It also bestows various other benefits like onsite distributed power generation, modularity depending upon the electric power demand, etc. However, the smooth reflective surface of solar panels can sometimes cause nuisances like Glint and Glare. If not addressed, these can cause serious hazards at airports, highways, etc. Several countries have released guidelines for siting solar PV at airports and buildings to avoid glint and glare. In contrast, India does not have any such guidelines as of now. Such guidelines will become the need of the hour considering the increasing rate of solar installation in the country. Hence, to help relevant authorities draft appropriate guidelines, a solar PV siting framework and summary of best practices followed internationally have been proposed.

NOx Emission Analysis in Flue Gas of Coal Fired Thermal Power Station and it’s Control Measure

The growth and development of any country is measured by the electricity generation which paves way for industrialization and mechanization. To meet the ever increasing demand, the best way to generate consistent power is setting up of large thermal power plants. India is rich with coal reserves and is very cheap when compared with other fuels, hence coal is used as the primary fuel for power generation in India. Thermal generation using coal accounts for 65% of the total power produced. Power plants in India uses different qualities of coal, different combustion technologies and operating conditions. Flue Gases emitted from coal fired thermal stations consists of CO2,(Carbon-di-oxide),SOx (Oxides of Sulphur), NOx (Oxides of Nitrogen), PM (Particulate matter) along with carbonaceous material, soot and Fly ash. These gaseous pollutants are considered as environmental burden which ultimately results in smog formation, formation of acid rain, eutrophication and global warming and has to be controlled and regulated to be within the permissible limits as stipulated by MOEF &CC (Ministry of Environmental Forest and Climate Change). This project describes about the analysis of NOx Emission in Flue Gas of Coal fired thermal stations and the measures to control the NOx emission within the permissible limits for the existing thermal power plants by modifying the combustion technology without affecting the power generation. The primary measure to control NOx emission is achieved by in - combustion control by modifying the conventional burner with the Low Nox Burner combined with Over Fire Air which bring about 45-80% NOx emission reduction, which is cost effective and could be implemented with minimum down time for installation. The application of Low Nox Burner with Over Fire Air Technology in the existing thermal power plant has reduced the emission of NOx to a considerable extent and to meet the norms within minimum period without affecting the power generation.