Power Generation Characteristics Research Articles

Research on the design and optimal control of the power take-off (PTO) system for underwater eel-type power generators

Wave energy and ocean current energy are considered stable, reliable, and highly predictable renewable energy sources. The development of ocean current energy conversion technology is crucial in addressing power shortages. However, the low velocity of most ocean currents worldwide, typically less than 1.5 m/s, poses a challenge for traditional ocean current energy capture devices. Current estimations of power generation from underwater devices often significantly differ from actual results. This study presents an eel-type power generation device designed for underwater use, investigates the design and optimization of a hydraulic power take-off (PTO) system suitable for such devices, and examines key components of the hydraulic PTO system like variable hydraulic motors and generators. Analytical research was conducted to understand its operational characteristics, with a focus on components such as the accumulator, speed control valve, and energy storage flywheel. The article also delves into the hydrodynamic and energy conversion characteristics of the device under shallow water wave and current conditions, enhancing the hydraulic PTO system model and establishing an integrated calculation model for real-time data transmission during the calculation process. Through evaluations of pitch angle and power generation under varying sea conditions, the study explores the impact of hydraulic motor displacement and damping coefficient on the hydrodynamic and power generation characteristics of the device, further validated through sea trials. The study findings indicate a high level of parameter adaptation among the components of the hydraulic system. The addition of an accumulator to the system results in smoother output response curves, suggesting that the accumulator absorbs impacts and stabilizes the hydraulic power transmission system. The proposed comprehensive calculation method enables a more precise prediction of the performance of the eel power generation device in real marine environments, capturing its movement behavior and power generation characteristics. Adjusting the motor displacement or damping coefficient under specific conditions can optimize the total damping of the hydraulic PTO system for maximum power output. The optimal power point of the hydraulic power generation system varies for different sea conditions, with a potential power generation efficiency of up to 80.3% under certain circumstances.

Power generation characteristics and optimum alcohol concentration in bio-direct alcohol fuel cell using chitin family electrolyte

Direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFCs) have the potential to become the next-generation portable energy device. However, the development of DAFC requires the explore new electrolytes without fuel crossover. In this study, DAFC with bio-electrolyte have been fabricated and their characteristics have been investigated. Ethanol impermeability measurements revealed that the crossover of ethanol in the chitin and chitosan electrolytes is extremely low. This result indicates that the chitin family electrolyte has the potential of DEFC electrolytes. Furthermore, DAFCs using the chitin electrolyte have been investigated for various alcohol fuels (methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, and 1-butanol fuels), and the optimum fuel concentrations to achieve the maximum power density in these DAFCs have been determined. In addition, these results and viscosity measurements clarify the optimum alcohol fuel concentration can be obtained by adding the water molecules required for the proton generating reaction to the water molecules required to stabilize alcohol in water.

Analysis of reducing thermal resistance between the PCM and ambient air for improving the power generation characteristics of PCM-based thermoelectric power generators

A power generator comprising a thermoelectric device (TED) and a phase change material (PCM) allows energy harvesting from ambient temperature variations, which exist ubiquitously; thus, such a device has received considerable attention as an energy harvester that can operate at any location. We developed a model for estimating the characteristics of a power generator in ambient air, whose temperature is forcibly changed between two temperature values, such as when an air conditioner is turned on and off. We calculated the influence of latent heat and thermal conductivity of the PCM on the characteristics of power generators with various thermal resistances between the TED/PCM interface and ambient air. Latent heat and thermal conductivity of the PCM affect the amount of heat energy (Q) transfer between the ambient air and PCM and the energy conversion efficiency (ηE), respectively, where the amount of electric energy is given by Q × ηE. The increase in Q caused by an increase in the latent heat of the PCM was almost independent of the thermal resistance between the TED/PCM interface and air. However, the increase in ηE caused by an increase in the thermal conductivity of the PCM decreased as the thermal resistance between the TED/PCM interface and air increased. These results indicate that the techniques to improve the power generation characteristics by increasing the thermal conductivity of PCM, which have been frequently investigated in recent years, are effective only when the thermal resistance between the TED/PCM interface and ambient air is small.

Experimental and simulation of a tension-like nonlinear piezoelectric energy harvester

This article proposes a low-frequency and efficient tension-like nonlinear piezoelectric energy harvester, which increases the harvesting performance of the harvester by swinging the support frame. Firstly, design the structure of the harvester and draw a physical model. Secondly, finite element models are used to simulate and analyze the structure’s dynamic characteristics. Finally, make an experimental prototype of the harvester and explore the power generation characteristics of the device through experiments. The results indicate that the harvester has two natural frequencies under low-frequency conditions. The energy harvester has the optimal external resistance to achieve peak output power. The greater the excitation acceleration, the greater the total output power value of the energy harvester. When the mass of the mass block is 3.7 g and the excitation acceleration is 0.4 g, the total output power value of the energy harvester is 3.88 mW, and the harvesting frequency band is wide, indicating excellent output performance of the harvester. The experimental results of the energy harvester device are consistent with the simulation results, fully verifying the correctness of the experiment and simulation. This piezoelectric energy harvester can efficiently harvest vibration energy at low frequencies, providing a good prospect for supplying power to microelectronic devices.

Wave‐to‐Wire Model and Output Performance Analysis of a Point Absorption Wave Energy Converter Based on Triboelectric Nanogenerator

Herein, a point absorption wave energy converter (WEC) model combined with a contact–separation mode triboelectric nanogenerator (PAW TENG) is proposed. The model considers the interaction between the hydrodynamic forces captured by a point absorption conversion device of wave energy and the electrostatic force of the TENG. According to the established harmonic oscillation model of the buoy, the buoy's hydrodynamic properties and power generation characteristics are studied using finite element simulation and numerical simulation calculations. The best matching resistor circuit for PAW TENG in regular waves is investigated and analyzed. The electrical characteristics of the PAW TENG in the irregular wave spectrum are also solved. This work will provide design ideas for the experimental design of a novel point absorption WEC.

Operational Strategy of a DC Inverter Heat Pump System Considering PV Power Fluctuation and Demand-Side Load Characteristics

With the increase in application of solar PV systems, it is of great significance to develop and investigate direct current (DC)-powered equipment in buildings with flexible operational strategies. A promising piece of building equipment integrated in PV-powered buildings, DC inverter heat pump systems often operate with strategies either focused on the power supply side or on the building demand side. In this regard, the aim of this study was to investigate the operational strategy of a DC inverter heat pump system for application in an office building with a PV power system. Firstly, the PV power fluctuation and demand-side load characteristics were analyzed. Then, a series of heat transfer and heat pump system models were developed. A reference building model was developed for simulating the performance of the system. A control logic of the DC inverter heat pump was proposed with a certain level of flexibility and capability considering both the characteristics of the PV power generation and the demand-side heating load. MATLAB/Simulink 2021 software was used for simulation. The simulation results show that the DC inverter heat pump is able to regulate its own power according to the change signal of the bus voltage such that the DC distribution network can achieve power balance and thus provide enough energy for a room. This study can provide a reference for developing flexible operational strategies for DC inverter heat pump systems. The proposed strategy can also help to improve the systems’ performance when they are applied in buildings with distributed PV systems.

A wind-driven rotating micro-hybrid nanogenerator for powering environmental monitoring devices based on a brush-type triboelectric unit

Abstract The rapid rise of the IoT (Internet of Things) technology and microelectronics technology has promoted the development of sensors to ultra-low power consumption. However, for conventional wired power supply and chemical battery power supply, there are difficulties in wiring, inconvenient battery replacement and environmental pollution problems, so there is an urgent need for a green power supply. The low cost and simple structure of TENG (Triboelectric nanogenerator) have attracted much attention from researchers. However, for most of the existing TENG, there are some problems such as narrow operating frequency range, short life of TENG, insufficient traditional flexible friction contact, and serious wear of rigid friction contact. Herein, we propose a rotary brush-type triboelectric-electromagnetic hybrid nanogenerator. Through the experimental tests, the TENG part can output the maximum power of 0.88 mW under the external load of 8 MΩ at 400 rpm (wind speed of about 8.3 m/s). The EMG (Electromagnetic Generator) part can output the maximum power of 15.5 mW under external load of 360 Ω. The LED lighting test proves that the generator broadens the frequency of energy harvesting. In the capacitor charging test, the high voltage characteristics of tribological power generation play the advantages of continuous voltage boost, and the high current characteristics of electromagnetic power generation play the advantages of high power. The hybrid nanogenerator can realize the wind energy harvesting under the broadband wind speed of 3 m/s~14 m/s. At a wind speed of 5.6 m/s, the hybrid nanogenerator ran at about 225 rpm and successfully powered the anemometer after 21 s. After 80,000 cycles, the maximum open circuit voltage only drops by 5.6%, which proves that the rotary TENG unit has a long generation life, and can realize the harvesting of wind energy and the power supply of wind speed sensor.

Optimization of the performance and operation of a photovoltaic-thermoelectric power supply system for bridge safety monitoring microsystems

In the long-term unattended condition, the continuous operation of bridge safety monitoring micro-system (BSMMS) in mountain areas has the issue of insufficient energy supply. Therefore, a photovoltaic-thermoelectric hybrid power generation system (PV-TEG) is proposed to power the temperature, wind speed, and tilt sensors of BSMMS. The power generation performance and characteristics of PV and TEG are experimentally investigated to find the operation mode to match the bridge monitoring. In addition, the intermittent operation mode of BSMMS is optimized to achieve longer running times. The experimental results show that the output voltage and power generation of the PV-TEG can meet the energy consumption demands of all sensors. TEG power generation is linear with bridge temperature, which can trigger TEG to support the temperature sensor operation. The energy storage battery supports the BSMMS to run for 8.99 days in the mode of running 5 min every 5-min intervals. Optimizing the operation time and interval of the BSMMS to run once in half an hour, it can run continuously for up to 17.97–22.46 days. This work provides a reference for the design of an unattended self-powered energy supply system for a multi-parameter integrated bridge safety monitoring system.

Liquid metal-enhanced thermoelectric generator for high-temperature thermal harvesting

It is a challenge to achieve high output power of the thermoelectric generator (TEG) for high-temperature waste heat recovery due to the working fluids with low thermal conductivity (such as air) or low tolerance of temperature (water or oil). In this paper, the gallium-based liquid metal (LM) with a high boiling point (>1000 ℃) and thermal conductivity (>20 W/mK) are introduced to significantly enhance heat charging and discharging at the hot/cold sides of TEG. We also developed an electromagnetic induction pumping method for the effective LM-driven flow at high temperatures. A three-dimensional coupling multi-parameter optimization simulation model of LM-based TEG was developed to reveal the internal heat transfer and power generation mechanism for clarifying the impact factors of the performance. The results have shown that the power generation capacity can be effectively improved by increasing the inlet temperature (Thot-in). It is worth noting that the temperature difference (ΔT) of the TEG module is severely limited by the thermal resistance (Rcapacity) of the LM heat capacity, such as, when the flow rate of 2 L/min, the Rcapacity accounts for 90.6 % (0.020 ℃/W). It is easier to achieve a larger open circuit voltage by increasing the height of the thermoelectric leg, but the Pmax is constantly weakened. Compared with Xceltherm 600 and Solar salt, LM heat transfer fluid has more obvious advantages in enhancing the power generation performance of the system. The LM-based TEG experiment platform was established to study heat transfer and power generation characteristics. The results have demonstrated that good consistency was proved by comparing experimental and numerical data. And the Pmax of the LM-based TEG system is 0.16 W/cm2 at ΔT of 136 ℃. LM-based TEG can open new perspectives for broad applications in high-temperature waste heat recovery.

Innovative design for thermoelectric power generation: Two-stage thermoelectric generator with variable twist ratio twisted tapes optimizing maximum output

In recent years, considerable effort has been dedicated to the development of highly efficient thermoelectric generators for waste heat recovery and thermoelectric power generation. In this study, we present employing twisted tapes with variable twist ratio to enhance thermal energy extraction efficiency, coupled with two-stage thermoelectric modules for heat-to-electricity conversion, resulting in a substantial increase in the power output of the thermoelectric generator. We established an experimental system that validated the superior power generation and heat recovery characteristics of the two-stage thermoelectric generator. Building upon these findings, we propose further optimizing the variable twist ratio twisted tapes to enhance the power output. We investigated the impact of tape pitch ratio, twist ratio, and twist ratio variation range on thermoelectric performance. Experimental results indicate that the influence of flow instability is more pronounced than that of swirl intensity, and twist tapes with the maximum twist ratio variation rate yield the highest net output power. Compared to an unmodified thermoelectric generator, the two-stage thermoelectric generator employing twist tapes with a twist ratio increase from π to 3π achieves a maximum net output power gain of up to 100%. These findings provide a practical framework for integrating innovative power generation modules and optimized heat exchanger designs into the application of waste heat recovery thermoelectric generators, marking a significant advancement in the field of thermoelectric generators.

Improving wave energy conversion performance of a floating BBDB-OWC system by using dual chambers and a novel enhancement plate

In this study, a novel floating dual-chamber backward bent duct buoy oscillating water column (BBDB-OWC) wave energy converter (WEC) is introduced, featuring a horizontal plate at the bottom of the front chamber to act as an enhancement plate. A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is developed and validated by comparing its results with existing experimental measurements. The validated model is employed to investigate the hydrodynamic performance and power generation characteristics of the dual-chamber BBDB-OWC WEC under various conditions, including variations in the length of the horizontal plate (lp/lf) and different regular wave conditions. Key performance metrics, including peak to average ratio of power (PTARP), wave energy capture width ratio (ξtotal), and its wave period respond bandwidth (indicated by Pξtotal > 0.5 and Pξtotal > 0.7), are analyzed and compared with those of a traditional single-chamber BBDB-OWC WEC. The results reveal that, compared to the single-chamber WEC, the dual-chamber WEC with a specific horizontal plate length reduces the average PTARP from 2.88 to a minimum value of 1.82 for lp/lf = 0.5, improves the average ξtotal from 0.55 to a maximum value of 0.64 for lp/lf = 2.5, and increases Pξtotal > 0.5 and Pξtotal > 0.7 from 71 % and 14 % to maximum values of 86 % and 43 % for lp/lf = 2.5, respectively. An explanation for these observations is also provided in the context of structure motion and flow fields.

A Distributed Multi-Timescale Dispatch Strategy for a City-Integrated Energy System with Carbon Capture Power Plants

In city-integrated energy systems containing electric–thermal multi-energy sources, the uncertainty of renewable energy sources and the fluctuation of loads challenge the safe, efficient, economic and stable operation of the integrated energy systems. This paper introduces a novel approach for the operation of a carbon capture plant/CHP with PV accommodation within a city-integrated energy system. The proposed strategy aims to maximize the utilization of photovoltaic (PV) power generation and carbon capture equipment, addressing issues related to small-scale CHP climbing constraints and short-term output regulation. Additionally, this paper presents a multi-timescale optimal scheduling strategy, which effectively addresses deviations caused by PV fluctuations and load changes. This was achieved through a detailed analysis of the CHP climbing constraints, carbon capture equipment operation and real-time characteristics of PV power generation. This paper introduces a fully distributed neural dynamics-based optimization algorithm designed to address multi-timescale optimization challenges. Utilizing rolling cycles, this algorithm computes both day-ahead and real-time scheduling outcomes for urban integrated energy systems. Theoretical analyses and numerical simulations were conducted to validate the precision and efficacy of the proposed model and algorithm. These analyses quantitatively evaluate the scheduling performance of PV power generation and carbon capture CHP systems across various timescales.

Optimal design of a renewable hydrogen production system by coordinating multiple PV arrays and multiple electrolyzers

In the design of a renewable hydrogen production system (RHPS), it is of great significance to coordinate the power generation and electrolyzers for efficient and stable hydrogen production. To investigate the coordination and complementary characteristics of multiple PV arrays and multiple electrolyzers in the optimal design of RHPS, a coordinated design approach based on mathematical optimization for the optimal RHPS with multiple PV arrays and multiple electrolyzers was proposed, which features comprehensive considerations of different characteristics of power generation and economy of different types of PV arrays, and the dynamic operating characteristics and economy of various types and capacity of electrolyzers to adapt to fluctuating hydrogen demand. The optimal configuration of the RHPS with minimal total cost can be obtained by combining multiple PV arrays with multiple electrolyzers. Furthermore, the impacts of power generation on the economy of the system are systematically explored, and electrolyzer types are optimally deployed. The influence of different PV array types on the economics of the system is analyzed. An example of the RHPS was employed to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method. Results show that for the RHPS, the selection of the type of electrolyzers is mainly affected by the characteristics of power generation. In the system with only PV arrays for power supply, the total cost of the system with proton exchange membrane electrolyzers (PEMEL) is 11.2% lower than that of the system with alkaline electrolyzers (AEL). In the system with simple wind turbines for power generation, the total cost of the system with AEL is lower than that of the system with PEMEL. The selections of type and capacity of the electrolyzers in the system are affected by the minimal power limit of the AEL. The total cost of the system can be effectively reduced by coordinating the power generation and electrolyzers and combining AEL and PEMEL in the system. The selection of PV types is related to the unit cost and the seasonal changes in the capacity factor of different PV arrays, which is also influenced by the hydrogen demand and the curtailment rate. When the variations of power generation align with hydrogen demands, the total cost can be reduced by lowering seasonal energy storage capacity.

System Power Quality Analysis under Wind–Hydro Complementary Generation Mode

The highly random and characteristics of wind power generation challenge the power quality of the wind–hydro complementary generation system (WHCGS). Herein, the transient characteristics of power quality under the complementary generating mode are studied. First, a nonlinear hydropower system (HPS) model is innovatively established considering the dynamic characteristics of hydrounits under part load operation, and then a wind power system model including wind speed model, wind turbine and its controller, generator and converter is established. Finally, the applicability of WHCGS model in power quality evaluation is established and verified by IEEE‐9 node model. Combined with active power, frequency, and voltage power quality indicators, the effects of wind–hydro capacity ratio and voltage sag on the system are quantified. The results show that the increase in wind power penetration will deteriorate the power quality of WHCGS. Moreover, when the wind power capacity reaches 60 MW, it will damage the voltage and frequency stability of HPS. Besides, the larger the voltage sag amplitude, the worse the power quality of WHCGS. The longer the voltage sag lasts, the higher the risk of WHCGS instability. This article provides a technical reference for the safe and stable operation of WHCGS.

An Extended Continuation Power Flow Method for Static Voltage Stability Assessment of Renewable Power Generation-Penetrated Power Systems

The continuation power flow method (CPF) has been extensively used for obtaining the static voltage stability limit of power systems, which provides important guidance for the stable operation. However, the conventional CPF cannot account for the dynamic characteristics of renewable power generation, thus resulting in prominent errors for renewable power generation-penetrated power systems. In this paper, we investigate the static voltage stability assessment (SVSA) of power systems with high penetration of rgb0,0,0renewable power generation (RPG). An extended Jacobian matrix is firstly established by considering the dynamic characteristics of synchronous generators (SG) and renewable power generation in constant AC voltage control mode (CVRPG). Based on the extended Jacobian matrix, an extended CPF method is proposed for SVSA of the power system and a reactive power sensitivity index is proposed to indicate the voltage support capability of nodes. Simulation results show that the proposed extended CPF method has higher accuracy than conventional CPF in assessing the static voltage stability of power systems with high penetration of RPG. It is also revealed that that the voltage support capability of each node rises as the proportion coefficient is increases.

Performance Characteristic of Permanent Magnet Linear Generator for Energy Conversion with Renewable Fuels on Free-Piston Engines

Renewable fuels attract more attention owing to reduction of both air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions compared to fossil fuels. The free-piston engine generator is a new energy conversion with compact structure, multifuel combustion mode possibility, and less friction loss, and it can be applied to a variety of renewable fuels. This study investigated the effect of operating parameters on power generation and motion characteristics for free-piston engine generator. A test bench and a detailed and validated numerical model of the free-piston engine generator were presented. Results show that with the increase of the average velocity, the output power root mean square (RMS) and efficiency of the generator gradually increase. The output power RMS grows rapidly, whereas the generator efficiency gradually stabilizes. Under the same average velocity but different strokes and frequencies, the generator power and efficiency are the same. This result means that the multiple-point operating condition can achieve the same output power and generator efficiency goals. Moreover, the optimal operating conditions can be selected comprehensively, considering factors such as fuel properties, combustion efficiency, and performance. The influence of the generator on motion characteristics of the system under pure resistive load and high-frequency operation should be noted.

Three-dimensional nanostructure analysis of non-stained Nafion in fuel cell electrode by combined ADF-STEM tomography.

The polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) is one of the strongest candidates for a next-generation power source for vehicles which do not emit carbon dioxide gas (CO2) as exhaust gas. The key factor in PEFCs is the nano-scaled electrochemical reactions that take place on the catalyst material and an ionomer supported by a carbon support. However, because the nano-scaled morphological features of the key materials in the catalyst compound cannot be observed clearly by transmission electron microscopy, improvement of PEFC performance had been approached by an imaginal schematic diagram based on an electrochemical analysis. In this study, we revealed the nano-scaled morphological features of the PEFC electrode in three dimensions and performed a quantitative analysis of the nanostructure by the newly-developed "Combined ADF-STEM tomography technique." This method combines information from plural ADF detectors with different electron collection angles and can emphasize the difference of the electron scattering intensity between the ionomer and carbon in the cross-sectional image of the reconstructed three-dimensional data. Therefore, this segmentation method utilizing image contrast does not require a high electron beam current like that used in EDX analysis, and thus is suitable for electron beam damage-sensitive materials. By eliminating the process of manually determining the thresholds for obtaining classified component data from grayscale data, the obtained 3D structures have sufficient accuracy to allow quantitative analysis and specify the nano-scaled structural parameters directly related to power generation characteristics.

Enhanced bi-layer scheduling strategies for the cascade hydropower-photovoltaic complementary system using a novel meta-heuristic algorithm

Improving energy efficiency is crucial for China’s power industry to meet global energy conservation and emission reduction goals. The rapid development of photovoltaic (PV) and hydropower has greatly assisted in the construction of China’s novel power system. The stochastic characteristics of PV power generation pose significant challenges to the reliable and economical scheduling of power systems. In fact, the cascade hydropower station can effectively address the issue. To fully utilize the advantages of hydropower, this paper proposes a bi-layer scheduling optimization model for the cascade hydro-PV complementary system considering power market. The upper-layer model simultaneously maximizes the benefit and minimizes the output volatility of the complementary system. The lower-layer model carries out market clearing with the objective of social cost. Besides, PV uncertainty and market price volatility are considered in the decision-making process for power market transactions. To solve the bi-layer model, a novel meta-heuristic algorithm (geometric mean optimizer) is applied, demonstrating excellent performance compared to similar methods. For the complementary system, the results show that its total power output can be improved, and its output volatility can be effectively alleviated.

Application analysis based on solar grid-connected photovoltaic power generation and intermittent energy storage system

Solar photovoltaic power generation as a building electrical professional in the energy use of important technical means, through the realisation of photovoltaic conversion, can be a large amount of light energy transmission to the building application, once the electrical energy surplus is too much, but also can be transmitted to the power grid use. Based on this, the article takes the solar photovoltaic power generation system as the basis, comprehensively analyses the operation principle and basic characteristics of solar photovoltaic power generation, summarizes the main influencing factors of grid-connected solar photovoltaic power generation, as well as the impact of grid-connected solar photovoltaic power generation on the grid, and researches on applying automation technology to solar photovoltaic power generation, such as photovoltaic buildings, DC inverters, reactive power compensation, etc., so as to comprehensively improve the grid-connected solar photovoltaic power generation efficiency and provide a constant source of energy for buildings. Solar thermal power generation technology is another kind of solar power generation technology besides photovoltaic power generation. It is a renewable energy generation method that integrates solar thermal conversion power generation, large-scale heat storage and the characteristics of power grid synchronmachine. According to the influence of different intermittent heat load fluctuation characteristics on the design of solar heat collection and heat storage system, the design method of heat collection and heat storage of intermittent solar heating system is established. The operation characteristics of solar energy system in three typical intermittent heating modes are compared and analyzed. It provides the design method and operation optimization strategy for the efficient utilization of solar heating system.

Seasonal Analysis and Capacity Planning of Solar Energy Demand-to-Supply Management: Case Study of a Logistics Distribution Center

In recent years, global warming and environmental problems have become more serious due to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Harvesting solar energy for production and logistic activities in supply chains, including factories and distribution centers, has been promoted as an effective means to reduce GHG emissions. However, it is difficult to balance the supply and demand of solar energy, owing to its intermittent nature, i.e., the output depends on the daylight and season. Moreover, the use of large-capacity solar power generation systems and batteries incurs higher installation costs. In order to maintain low costs, demand-to-supply management of solar energy, based on appropriate seasonal analysis of power generation and consumption and the capacity planning for power generation and the storage battery, is necessary. In this study, the on-demand cumulative control method is applied to actual power consumption data and solar power generation data estimated at a distribution center. Moreover, the monthly, seasonal, and temporal characteristics of power generation and consumption at the distribution center are analyzed. Additionally, the total amount of power purchased is investigated for solar energy demand-to-supply management.