Power Formula Research Articles

Experimental and analytical modelling on aeroengine blade foreign object damage

Aeroengines in operational service were susceptible to the ingestion of small, hard particles, resulting in foreign object damage (FOD) on rotating blades. Such particles impacting the blade edge at a velocity up to about 350 m/s yielded millimeter-sized damages, which might result in crack initiation and became the primary life-limiting factors. In this study, experimental and analytical efforts were undertaken respectively to examine the effect of spherical foreign impact on simulated blade edge. For the experiments, a total of 94 laboratory air gun tests were conducted under 17 different conditions, with impact energy ranging from 0.05 J to 16.01 J. The resulting distribution zone of FOD, which continuously characterized the damage sizes, showed that the raised impact energy would boost FOD size. The macroscopic morphology of FOD exhibited three distinct types of transformations. Additionally, FOD prediction models about impact velocity and impact energy were developed using the linear and power formulas, respectively. These models demonstrated good accuracy, with the linear method achieving a maximum error of 11.7 %. For theoretical analysis, a spring-mass system based on Winkler's elastic-plastic foundation theory was employed to model FOD. It was found that the predicted results from this model were in good agreement with the experimental measurements. The predicted results could serve as the upper and lower bounds within the damage space to envelope the test results, providing a reference for fatigue life assessment of the aeroengine blades.

Dendritic Cell-Mimicking Nanoparticles Promote mRNA Delivery to Lymphoid Organs.

Spleen and lymphoid organs are important targets for messenger RNA (mRNA) delivery in various applications. Current nanoparticle delivery methods rely on drainage to lymph nodes from intramuscular or subcutaneous injections. In difficult-to-transfect antigen-presenting cells (APCs), such as dendritic cells (DCs), effective mRNA transfection remains a significant challenge. In this study, a lymphatic targeting carrier using DC membranes is developed, that efficiently migrated to lymphoid organs, such as the spleen and lymph nodes. The nanoparticles contained an ionizable lipid (YK009), which ensured a high encapsulation efficacy of mRNA and assisted mRNA with endosomal escape after cellular uptake. Dendritic cell-mimicking nanoparticles (DCMNPs) showed efficient protein expression in both the spleen and lymph nodes after intramuscular injections. Moreover, in immunized mice, DCMNP vaccination elicited Spike-specific IgG antibodies, neutralizing antibodies, and Th1-biased SARS-CoV-2-specific cellular immunity. This work presents a powerful vaccine formula using DCMNPs, which represents a promising vaccine candidate for further research and development.

On the Path Toward a New Formula of Power (First Session of the 14th National People's Congress)

On the Path Toward a New Formula of Power (First Session of the 14th National People's Congress)

HAPiGYM

The HAPiGYM is a collection of numerical and experimental modelling environments for testing control of wave energy converters (WECs). It has two applications: rapid prototyping of the control policies themselves, and co-design of control and other WEC subsystems. This collection will grow over time. Initially two environments (‘GYM machines’) will be offered. These will be described in this paper.
 The HAPiGYM addresses several technical and resourcing challenges surrounding control prototyping and co-design. Time, money, and cross-disciplinary knowledge are common barriers. Tank time can be prohibitively expensive. Hence many control researchers rely on numerical simulations, and many WEC developers use non-representative control models when designing the hydrodynamic absorbers. The state of the art in hydrodynamic models are not suitable for rapid control prototyping: they are either too slow or insufficiently accurate, leading to a ‘Sim2Tank’ gap, where simulation and tank trial results disagree. Hardware-in-the-Loop removes thosemodelling uncertainties associated with the drive train and control hardware. However, uncertainties associated with the hydrodynamic model remain, and unrepresentative artefacts associated with the rig could be added. Two notable schemes that included tank testing for comparative evaluation were WECCCOMP and the Wave Energy Prize (WEP). WECCCOMP allowed participants to compare the performance of their controllers on the same tank test model. The WEP allowed participants to test their own WECs and controllers.Both had metrics that were proxies for levelised cost of energy. The single metric and prescribed methodology focused the efforts and objectives of participants. As a consequence, simplifications inherent in metrics (e.g., the formula for electrical power) and methodology (e.g., spectral parameters of the sea state available as inputs to the control policy) led to control approaches that could not be replicated in real seas, i.e., certain types of control were able to exploit the ‘Tank2Sea’ gap. The HAPiGYM approach acknowledges theissues surrounding Sim2Tank and Tank2Sea gaps. Rather than attempting to eliminate these, participants will be invited to contribute to a discussion of how testing methodology interacts with control. Participants will be able to suggest methods, metrics, and even future GYM machines. The HAPiGYM will offer a selection of settings for each GYM machine, including the resource (waves), type of PTO, and metrics. Participants will be able to rate their controllers against a suite of metrics and experimental set-ups. This will allow a more nuanced comparison between controllers. It will also facilitate more basic research on co-design, e.g. how PTO operational rangeimpacts control and hydrodynamic performance. 
 Stakeholder engagement identified the need for a simple environment to get started on (a small Sim2Tank gap), and a more challenging environment that reflected the control problems of commercial devices (a small Tank2Sea gap). The first two GYM machines offered will use the same buoy with different constraints: constrained to heave only, and unconstrained (6 DoF). Participants will be able to run Processor-in-the-Loop tests using a tank-calibrated rig simulation running on Open-Hardware controllers. The most promising projectswill be given free remote-access to the HAPiGYM, running in the FloWave tank.

Comparing the Accuracy of the Kane, Barrett Universal II, Hill-Radial Basis Function, Emmetropia Verifying Optical, and Ladas Super Formula Intraocular Lens Power Calculation Formulas.

To assess the accuracy of five new-generation intraocular lens (IOL) power formulas: Barrett Universal II (BUII), Emmetropia Verifying Optical (EVO) Formula, Hill-Radial Basis Function (Hill-RBF), Kane Formula, and Ladas Super Formula (LSF). This is a retrospective single-surgeon study from a refractive clinic and clinical research center in Draper, UT, USA. The primary outcome measures were mean absolute error (MAE) and median absolute error (MedAE). Secondary outcome measures were the standard deviation (SD) of each formula's refractive prediction errors (RPE) and the percentage of eyes within ±0.50D. Refractive predictions were compared to the postoperative spherical equivalent to determine the RPE for each formula. RPEs were optimized, and MAE, MedAE, SD of the AME, and percent of eyes achieving RPEs within the specified ranges of ±0.125 D, ±0.25 D, ±0.50 D, ±0.75 D, ±1.0 D were calculated. Subgroup analysis between different axial lengths was attempted but yielded insufficient statistical power to draw meaningful conclusions. A total of 103 eyes of 103 patients were included in our study after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria to 606 eyes from 2019 to 2021. Formulas ranked in ascending order by MAE were Kane, EVO, BUII, Hill-RBF, and LSF. The ascending rankings of MedAE were Kane, BUII, Hill-RBF, EVO, Ladas. Kane had a significantly lower MAE than Hill-RBF (p<0.001). EVO had the lowest SD of AMEs and the highest percentage of eyes within ±0.50 D. According to heteroscedastic testing, EVO also had a statistically significant lower SD than Hill-RBF. Kane was the most accurate formula in terms of MAE and MedAE. EVO and BUII achieved marginally higher MAEs than Kane, suggesting these three formulas are comparable in performance. With the exception EVO and Hill-RBF, the heteroscedastic test yielded no significant differences in SD between the formulas. Although there were multiple statistically significant differences between the formulas in terms of MAE, MedAE, and SD, these differences may not be appreciable clinically. Lastly, there were no statistically significant differences in the percent of eyes with RPEs within ±0.50 D, suggesting similar clinical performance between formulas.

Determination of signal level for protection of information in case of its interception by technical means of intelligence

The object of the current paper is the protection of information in the conditions of its interception by technical means of intelligence. According to this goal, considered the existing mathematical model of signal interception using radio-technical intelligence. In course of investigation, for getting final results based existing mathematical model analyzed the optimal scheme of signal detection with the help of intelligence receiver. As a result of this activity occurs four potential cases of signal detection which compared with established threshold H and accompanied by one of two error types: incorrect decision about the signal absence or incorrect indication of its presence. On the basis of the given cases suggested one of the possible variant for protecting of signal that goes beyond the controlled zone. Using such dependencies as: an expression of the power flux density of radio electronic device antenna on its distance to the receiver in the direction of maximum radiation, the formula of signal power at the input of the receiving antenna, the ratio of the antennas coefficient of amplification and its effective scattering area was obtained: the dependence for calculating the power of output signal sufficient for reception within the controlled zone, but insufficient for its interception by technical means beyond its borders. Also, obtained graphical dependencies of minimal coefficient of amplification of transmitter antenna from maximal coefficient of amplification of transmitter antenna, from wavelength of radiation and from distance between transmitter and receiver. Based on research results formed the conclusion regarding proposed method of information protection based on the mathematical model of the information leakage channel applying for radio intelligence.

Accuracy of refractive outcomes using standard or total keratometry for intraocular lens power formulas in conventional cataract surgery

PurposeTo evaluate if total keratometry (TK) is better than standard keratometry (K) for predicting an accurate intraocular lens (IOL) refractive outcome in virgin eyes using four IOL power calculation formulas.Methods447 eyes that underwent monofocal intraocular lens implantation were enrolled in this study. IOLMaster 700 (Carl Zeiss Meditech, Jena, Germany) was used for optical biometry. Prediction error (PE), mean absolute prediction error (MAE), median absolute prediction error (MedAE), proportions of eyes within ± 0.25 diopters (D), ± 0.50 D, ± 0.75 D, ± 1.00 D, ± 2.00 D prediction error, and formula performance index (FPI) were calculated for each K- and TK-based formula.ResultsOverall, the accuracy of each TK and K formula was comparable. The MAEs and MedAEs showed no difference between most of the K-based and the TK-based formula; only the MAE of TK was significantly higher than that of K using the Haigis. The percent of eyes within ± 0.25 D PE for TK was not significantly different from that for K. The analysis of PE across various optical dimensions revealed that TK had no effect on the refractive results in eyes with different preoperative axial length, anterior chamber depth, keratometry, and lens thickness. The K-based Barrett Universal II formula performed excellently, showed the leading FPI score, and had the best refractive prediction outcomes among the four formulas.ConclusionTK and K can be used for IOL power calculation in monofocal IOL implantation cataract surgery in virgin eyes, as both are comparable. In all investigated formulas, the predictive accuracy of TK-based formulas is not superior to that of standard K-based formulas.

Postoperative Refractive Outcomes of Biometric Formulas in Phacovitrectomy with Gas Tamponade.

To investigate the refractive accuracy of intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation for biometric formulas in phacovitrectomy. This retrospective study included 357 eyes of 357 patients who underwent phacovitrectomy using four commonly available IOL power formulas: Hoffer Q (87 eyes), Holladay 1 (78 eyes), Holladay 2 (91 eyes), and SRK/T (101 eyes). The mean refractive error (ME) and the mean absolute refractive error (MAE) were calculated based on the predicted postoperative refraction error, and they were compared using analysis of variance test. Subjects were divided into high myopic eyes (axial length, ≥26 mm) and nonhigh myopic eyes (axial length, &lt;26 mm). The ME and the MAE after phacovitrectomy did not show a significant difference among the four IOL power formulas (p = 0.546 and p = 0.495, respectively). There was no significant statistical difference in formulas when the eyes were grouped into high myopia and nonhigh myopia (ME: p = 0.526 and p = 0.482, respectively; MAE: p = 0.715 and p = 0.627, respectively). The ME showed myopic shift in all formulas regardless of IOL formula used. The ME showed greater myopic shift in high myopia group than nonhigh myopia group in all formulas. Our study did not find evidence for superiority of any formula in phacovitrectomy. However, in phacovitrectomy, possible myopic shift should be considered for IOL power calculation. Especially, in phacovitrecotmy in patients with high myopia, more myopic shift should be considered when selecting IOL.

Modeling and thermodynamic optimization of a solar-driven two-stage multi-element thermoelectric generator

In this article, a finite-time thermodynamic model of solar-driven two-stage multi-element thermoelectric generator is developed. Considering external heat transfers, radiation loss of collector, Joule heat and Fourier heat leakage, analytical formulas for heat balance equations, power and efficiency are derived. Working temperatures of thermoelectric device are obtained by solving four equations simultaneously, and basic performance of the system is explored. Performance optimization is executed by adjusting electrical current, thermoelectric element distribution and heat exchanger inventory distribution. The optimal allocations for different total thermoelectric element numbers are given by the enumeration method. Influences of various factors on maximal power and efficiency are analyzed, and the upper bounds of power and efficiency are given. Results show that an optimal collector temperature exists to achieve optimal performance for this solar power device. Power and efficiency show the same variation trend, and the efficiency is maximal when power reaches its maximum. The system performance is optimal when external heat transfers and inner structure parameters are optimal. At this time, the corresponding junction temperatures reach their optimal values, the total thermal conductance should be divided in a half to two heat exchangers, and the corresponding thermoelectric element is allocated nearly half to upper generator.

Quantization noise analysis in FBMC receivers and its effect on the BER performance

This paper analyzes the fixed-point and floating-point roundoff errors in different Filter Bank MultiCarrier (FBMC) receiver implementations. Two different structures are considered: the polyphase network based and frequency spreading based. Theoretical closed-form formulas for the total Quantization Noise Power (QNP) are derived and verified through simulation. The results show the effects of each parameter and signal processing block on the overall QNP. Also, the results show that the total QNP for an arbitrary set of parameters can be determined using the derived results without performing exhaustive simulations. The effects of the chosen bit-resolution on the bit-error rate performance are also analyzed. Furthermore – based on the theoretical results – FBMC receivers can be designed with an optimal number of bits used in the arithmetic units without significantly affecting the receiver performance.

Power Analysis for Ordinal Analyses of the Modified Rankin Scale and an Online and Downloadable Tool for Practical Use.

Several methods for conducting power analysis of studies with outcomes across the full ordinal modified Rankin Scale are proposed in the literature. No systematic comparison of accuracy, agreement, and sensitivity to small changes in hypothesized effect sizes for these methods is available. Our aim is to conduct such a systematic comparative analysis and to introduce a comprehensive freely available online tool to facilitate appropriate power analyses for ordinal outcomes. We performed simulation studies utilizing the control arm modified Rankin Scale distributions from the AVERT (A Very Early Rehabilitation Trial), EXTEND (Extending the Time for Thrombolysis in Emergency Neurological Deficits), and HERMES (Highly Effective Reperfusion Evaluated in Multiple Endovascular Stroke Trials) studies, as well as a uniform distribution, in combination with hypothetical treatment effects. We systematically evaluated published power formulas for Ordinal Logistic Regression and Tournament Methods (generalized odds ratio; Win Probability; Win Ratio; and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U test). We also developed an online and downloadable Shiny R app facilitating sample size calculation for, and ordinal analysis of, modified Rankin Scale data. Power formulas for Tournament Methods performed well, while the formula for ordinal logistic regression was inaccurate. Tang's Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U test sample size formula exhibited the highest accuracy. All methods, including ordinal logistic regression, had almost identical empirical power for a given sample size. All power methods exhibited sensitivity to small changes in hypothesized effect size. The developed freely available online app supports analytical and visualization requirements for all investigated methods for power and statistical analyses of ordinal modified Rankin Scale outcomes. As Tournament Method sample size formulas are assumption-free and accurately calculate power, stroke researchers should use these methods when designing studies with outcomes measured on the full or partially collapsed modified Rankin Scale as well as other ordinal scales, even if they intend to use ordinal logistic regression for analysis. Conducting sensitivity analyses of the effect size assumptions are essential for appropriate sample size estimation. Our developed tool supports both of these recommendations (https://www.thembc.com.au/tournamentmethods).

Best fit formula approach in delayed sequential bilateral cataract surgery.

We evaluated whether the best-fit intraocular lens (IOL) power formula for the first operated eye (BF1) was also the most accurate formula for the second eye. This was a retrospective study of 152 patients who underwent uncomplicated delayed bilateral cataract surgery with a minimum delay of 3 weeks using only one 1-piece IOL (HOYA, Vivinex) at the Medical University of Vienna, Austria. Seven different formulae (Barrett Universal II, Castrop, Haigis, Hoffer Q, Holladay 1, Kane, and SRK/T) were investigated to test the formula selection approach with regard to the calculated mean and median absolute prediction errors (MAE/MedAE). The mean intraindividual difference in axial length was 0.2 mm (±0.3 mm). BF1 coincided with the best-fit formula for the second eye (BF2) in 56% of patients (p < 0.05). Using BF1 for the second eye led to a lower MedAE (0.22 dioptre, D) than using a formula at random (0.33 D) and was less accurate than using the best-fit formula for each eye separately (0.1 D). The MedAEs of all formulae were generally low, ranging from 0.28 to 0.35 D. Using BF1 for the second eye led to a lower MedAE than the random selection of a formula. Therefore, BF1 can be used for the second eye if the surgeon is unsure of the choice of formula.

Theoretical Impact of Intraocular Lens Design Variations on the Accuracy of IOL Power Calculations.

To ascertain the theoretical impact of optical design variations of the intraocular lens (IOL) on the accuracy of IOL power formulas based on a single lens constant using a thick lens eye model. This impact was also simulated before and after optimization. We modeled 70 thick-lens pseudophakic eyes implanted with IOLs of symmetrical optical design and power comprised between 0.50 D and 35 D in 0.5-step increments. Modifications of the shape factor resulting in variations in the anterior and posterior radii of an IOL were made, keeping the central thickness and paraxial powers static. Geometry data from three IOL models were also used. Corresponding postoperative spherical equivalent (SE) were computed for different IOL powers and assimilated to a prediction error of the formula due to the sole change in optical design alone. Formula accuracy was studied before and after zeroization on a uniform and non-uniform realistic IOL power distribution. The impact of the incremental change in optic design variability depended on the IOL power. Design modifications theoretically induce an increase in the standard deviation (SD), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Root Mean Square (RMS) of the error. The values of these parameters reduce dramatically after zeroization. While the variations in optical design can affect refractive outcomes, especially in short eyes, the zeroization of the mean error theoretically reduces the impact of the IOL's design and power on the accuracy of IOL power calculation.

NIR responsive nanoenzymes via photothermal ablation and hypoxia reversal to potentiate the STING-dependent innate antitumor immunity

Despite advances in combined photothermal/immunotherapy of tumor, the therapeutic effect has been impaired due to hypoxic microenvironment and inadequate immune activation. Manganese ions directly activated the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway and induced innate antitumor immunity. Herein, a near infrared light (NIR)-responsive nanoenzyme (PB-Mn/OVA NE) was constructed by doping manganese into the ovalbumin (OVA)-templated Prussian blue (PB) nanoparticles. The resultant PB-Mn/OVA NEs exhibited favorable catalase activity to produce oxygen, which was conducive to alleviate the tumor hypoxic microenvironment. Under 808​nm NIR irradiation, the PB-Mn/OVA NEs with outstanding photothermal conversion efficiency of 30% significantly destroyed tumor cells by inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD). Impressively, the PB-Mn/OVA NEs could activate the cGAS-STING pathway to promote the maturation and the antigen cross-presentation ability of dendritic cells (DCs), which further activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes and memory T lymphocytes. Overall, this work presents a powerful nanoenzyme formula to integrate photothermal ablation and hypoxic reversal for triggering robust innate and adaptive antitumor immune response.

The power of mechanical ventilation may predict mortality in critically ill patients.

Mechanical power (MP) is the amount of energy transferred from the ventilator to the patient within a unit of time. It has been emphasized in ventilation-induced lung injury (VILI) and mortality. However, its measurement and use in clinical practice are challenging. "Electronic recording systems (ERS)" using mechanical ventilation parameters provided by the ventilator can be helpful to measure and record the MP. The MP (J/minutes) formula is 0.098 x tidal volume x respiratory rate x (Ppeak - ½ ∆P), in which ∆P is the driving pressure and Ppeak is the peak pressure. We aimed to define the association between MP values and ICU mortality, mechanical ventilation days, and intensive care unit length of stay (ICU-LOS). The secondary outcome was to determine the most potent or essential component of power in the equation that has a role in mortality. This retrospective study was performed in two centers (VKV American Hospital and Bakırköy Sadi Konuk Hospital ICUs) that used ERS (Metavision IMDsoft) between 2014 and 2018. We uploaded the power formula (MP (J/minutes)=0.098×VT×RR×(Ppeak - ½ ∆P) to ERS (METAvision, iMDsoft, and Consult Orion Health) and calculated the MP value by using MV parameters automatically sent from the ventilator. (∆P; driving pressure, VT; tidal volume, RR; respiratory rate and Ppeak; peak pressure). A total of 3042 patients were included in the study. The median value of MP was 11.3 J/min. Mortality in MP<11.3 J/min was 35.4%, and 49.1% in MP>11.3J/min.; P<0.001. Mechanical ventilation days and ICU-LOS were also statistically longer in the MVP>11.3 J/min group. The first 24 h MP maybe a predictive value for the ICU patients' prognosis. This implies that MP may be used as a decision-making system to define the clinical approach and as a scoring system to predict patient prognosis.

Analytic Solution of Black-Scholes-Merton European Power Put Option Model on Dividend Yield with Modified-Log-Power Payoff Function

This paper proposes a framework based on the celebrated transform of Mellin type (MT) for the analytic solution of the Black-Scholes-Merton European Power Put Option Model (BSMEPPOM) on Dividend Yield (DY) with Modified-Log-Power Payoff Function (MLPPF) under the geometric Brownian motion. The MT has the capability of tackling complex functions by means of its fundamental properties and it is closely related to other well-known transforms such as Laplace and Fourier types. The main goal of this paper is to use MT to obtain a valuation formula for the European Power Put Option (EPPO) which pays a DY with MLPPF. By means of MT and its inversion formula, the price of EPPO on DY was expressed in terms of integral equation. Moreover, the valuation formula of EPPO was obtained with the help of the convolution property of MT and final time condition. The MT was tested on an illustrative example in order to measure its performance, effectiveness and suitability. The MLPPF was compared with other existing payoff functions. Hence, the effect of DY on the pricing of EPPO with MLPPF was also investigated.

Method to analyze the refractive outcomes of online intraocular lens power formulas.

Lupardi, Enrico MD; Hoffer, Kenneth J. MD, FACS; Fontana, Luigi MD; Savini, Giacomo MD Author Information

Effect of Health Education Intervention On Diarrhea Prevention Practices Among Mothers of Under-5 Children in Abia State, Nigeria

Delayed response to the onset of diarrhea in infants caused by poor sanitation and delay in responding to signs and symptoms can be fatal, as evidenced by mortality in children attributable to diarrhea, occasioned by inadequate understanding of the dangers and consequences involved due to poor knowledge of far-reaching consequences, inadequate prevention and skills to manage the condition as it develops. This study evaluated the effect of a health education intervention on diarrhea prevention practices among mothers with children under the age of five in Aba, Abia State, Nigeria. This study employed a quasi-experimental research design. From population of 350 under-5 mothers in the Local government, a sample size of 60 was determined using power formula. Systematic sampling was used to select the mothers. The health education intervention involved a control and experimental group. The duration of program was one hour weekly didactic intervention for six weeks. A structured validated questionnaire was used to collect data at baseline, at 6th and 12th week post intervention. The Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficients for the constructs ranged from 0.75 to 0.87. The mother’s prevention practices were measured on a 27-point rating scale. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics at α = 0.05 level of significance.Findings showed that between the baseline and the post-immediate there was a significant difference in the mean prevention score in the experimental group (from 19.03±5.91 to 22.20±3.67 at p&lt; 0.05. However, there was no significant difference (p &gt;0.05) in the mean prevention score of the control group (from20.13 ± 4.89 to 20.8 ± 3.41). In conclusion, the health education intervention was effective increasing the mother’s prevention and home management practices of diarrhea. It is recommended that matrons and nurses in charge of antenatal and postnatal clinics should teach mothers about prevention andhome management of diarrhea.

Effect of Agitation on the Dissolution of APAM with Different Molecular Weights and the Equivalent Diameter of Coal Slime Settling Floc with Different Particle Sizes

There are still many problems in the stirring dissolution of flocculants: The law of stirring dissolution of flocculants with different molecular weights is not clear, the microstructure of settling floc with different particle sizes of coal slime is still to be explored, and how to apply the law of flocculant dissolution to industrialization? To solve these problems, firstly, mechanical stirring dissolution tests are carried out on anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) with different molecular weights to explore the stirring dissolution law of APAM with 3–25 million molecular weights. Results indicated that the optimal stirring speed of APAM with 3–6 million molecular weight is 800 r/min. The optimal stirring speed of 8–16 million molecular weight APAM is 600 r/min. The optimal stirring speed of 18–25 million molecular weight APAM is 800 r/min. The stirring power formula for APAM dissolution is improved by fitting the experimental data of 3–25 million molecular weight APAM stirring dissolution. Secondly, through APAM performance test, it is verified that the solubility of powdered APAM is the best under optimal solution. Thirdly, through the image measurement and analysis test of settling floc of coal slime, the change law of equivalent diameter of settling floc of different particle sizes of coal slime under the optimal dissolution parameters are explored. Results showed that when the mixing speed is 600 r/min, the equivalent diameter of −0.5 mm slime settling floc is the largest. When the mixing speed is 200 r/min or 400 r/min, the equivalent diameters of 0.5–0.25 mm, 0.25–0.125 mm, 0.125–0.075 mm, 0.075–0.045 mm and −0.045 mm slime settling floc are the largest. The equivalent diameter is positively correlated with the size of slime, and the equivalent diameter of −0.045 mm slime settling floc is the largest. The size of slime is the dominant factor in the change of fractal dimension. The fractal dimension of −0.5 mm slime settling floc is the largest, and the fractal dimension is little affected by mixing speed. Finally, the relationship between the important dissolution parameters of the APAM stirring dissolution test is numerically fitted. In view of the different geometrical parameters of the stirring barrel, a method of deducing the dissolution and stirring time of industrial flocculants is proposed.

The New Template of India's Foreign Policy in the Multi-polar World

International relations are dynamic and are changing with human knowledge. When conditions change globally, state actors must update their power equations globally. There is no chance to stick with outdated norms and traditions, especially regarding global politics and foreign policy. Now India is in the exact situation. India is a rising International power in terms of economic, military, GDP and international trade. India doesn't want to be a passive actor in global politics. Now India wants to raise her voice for global interests and to play a leadership role in international platforms by promoting its rich and splendid culture and World contributions. The vital interest of India is to take her global interest forward along with her close partners and neighbours. The power formulas and economic strategies keep changing day by day. It is alarming for India to change its global agenda and must go strategically for its autonomy in international relations. This is what India is trying to do and struggling through dynamic foreign policy.