Power Engineering Research Articles

Numerical Investigation of the Combustion Characteristics of a Hydrogen-Fueled Engine with Water Injection

The quest for clean, efficient engine technologies is imperative in reducing transportation’s environmental impact. Hydrogen, as a zero-emission fuel, offers significant potential for internal combustion engines but faces challenges such as optimizing engine performance and longevity. Water injection is proposed as a solution, yet its effects on engine performance require thorough investigation. This study bridges the knowledge gap by examining various water injection ratios (WIRs) and their impact on engine performance, focusing on the balance between power output and engine longevity. We identified the existence of an optimum WIR (e.g., 10% in this study), which provides peak performance with minimal adverse effects on engine performance and health. Computational simulations of a single-cylinder engine revealed how WIRs influence in-cylinder temperature, pressure, and IMEP, emphasizing the nuanced benefits of water injection. Additionally, our analysis of turbulence, through TKE and dissipation rate, deepens the understanding of combustion and fuel efficiency in hydrogen engines. This research provides valuable guidance for optimizing engine operations and paves the way for advanced water injection systems in hydrogen engines, marking a significant step towards cleaner engine technology.

Comparative Evaluation of Performance of Traditional Method and Commercially Available Pedal Operated Paddy Thresher with the Developed Machine

Traditional method of threshing of the Paddy crop is categorized as very laborious, low output, high damage per cent, costly etc. The present study was conducted to design and develop a power operated paddy drum thresher cum winnower to increase the mechanization in paddy crop threshing process, reduce drudgery, and increase production and to make it cost effective etc. Different components of the power operated paddy drum thresher cum winnower were designed and developed at Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, SVCAET and RS, FAE, IGKV RAIPUR. It consisted of threshing drum, blower, reciprocating sieve, lower sieve and upper sieve etc.The data were analyzed and optimized by Response Surface Method (RSM) using Design Expert 13.0 software. The optimum values of the independent variables of threshingunit viz., feed rate 275kg/h, peripheral speed 11 m/s and moisture 14.5% (db) the corresponding values of dependent parameters of threshing unit viz., threshing efficiency 98.7%, threshing capacity 210 kg/h, cleaning efficiency 90.1%and total grain loss percent1.96 were recorded. The total cost of operation was observed to be Rs. 1.04 per kg with breakeven point and payback period of 124.13hours per year and 2 years respectively.

Effects of hydrogen and methane anti-knocking characteristics on the efficiency and power output in argon power cycle engines

Argon Power Cycle (APC) combustion engine has a high efficiency, zero carbon emissions, and zero pollutant emissions, rendering it a promising way for achieving zero or carbon neutrality within the realm of internal combustion engine (ICE) technology. Previous studies have shown that while APCs significantly improve the thermal efficiency of ICEs, they also face serious knock problems due to their high temperatures and pressures, especially when hydrogen is used as a fuel. In this study, the anti-knocking characteristics of hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, and ammonia were first investigated in APC through thermodynamic calculations by Ignition Delay Time. Then, based on testbench experiments, hydrogen and methane fuels were selected to further investigate the effect of different fuel anti-knocking characteristics on the indicated thermal efficiency and power of APC combustion engine. Test results showed that when using hydrogen, the APC ICE exhibited a pronounced knock tendency, and the test engine could not operate stably when the excess oxygen ratio <2.1 at compression ratio = 9.6. The CA50 of the maximum efficiency point was delayed in APC than in air for both hydrogen and methane, specially H2 has an obvious lag at about 5–15 ° CA. In comparison, when using methane, the combustion control of engine is easier, and the peak indicated thermal efficiency 59% and the peak indicated mean effective pressure 0.92 MPa are higher than 54.3% and 0.60 MPa of using hydrogen. The use of hydrogen still needs an anti-knocking strategy while an extra carbon capture device is necessary to ensure a closed argon cycle if methane is employed.

Engine Power as Quantitative Measure of Transport Tax Economic Basis

Engine Power as Quantitative Measure of Transport Tax Economic Basis

Investigation into PV Inverter Topologies from the Standards Compliance Viewpoint

Numerous reviews are available in the literature on PV inverter topologies. These reviews have intensively investigated the available PV inverter topologies from their modulation techniques, control strategies, cost, and performance aspects. However, their compliance with industrial standards has not been investigated in detail so far in the literature. There are various standards such as North American standards (UL1741, IEEE1547, and CSA 22.2) and Australian and European safety standards and grid codes, which include IEC 62109 and VDE. These standards provide detailed guidelines and expectations to be fulfilled by a PV inverter topology. Adherence to these standards is essential and crucial for the successful operation of PV inverters, be it a standalone or grid-tied mode of operation. This paper investigates different PV inverter topologies from the aspect of their adherence to different standards. Both standalone and grid-tied mode of operation-linked conditions have been checked for different topologies. This investigation will help power engineers in selecting suitable PV inverter topology for their specific applications.

The Hysteresis Behavior of Steel Beam–Column Joint with the Load Bearing-Energy Dissipation Connection for Converter Station Building

Prefabricated converter station building has been gradually applied in the field of power engineering construction due to the advantages of standardized design, high construction efficiency, and quality control. The beam–column joint is the essential constitutive part to ensure structural integrity and reliable force transmission for the prefabricated structure. In this paper, a novel load bearing-energy dissipation connection is proposed and applied to the beam–column joint to improve seismic performance and seismic resilience. Pseudo-static tests were conducted on the beam–column joint with the load bearing-energy dissipation connection, and the test results demonstrated that the tested beam–column joints developed with similar failure modes, and the damage was concentrated in the load bearing-energy dissipation connection while the beam and column remained elastic. The beam–column joint with the load bearing-energy dissipation connection had stable hysteresis behavior, with favorable bearing capacity and energy dissipation behavior. A shorter slip length and a larger bolt distance could lead to better stress development and enhance the bearing capacity, while the slip length barely affected the ductile behavior. Moreover, a finite element model was established and validated to extend the parametric study to provide a preliminary understanding of the mechanical mechanism of the proposed beam–column joint with the load bearing-energy dissipation connection. It was confirmed that the load–-deformation behavior was greatly affected by the slip length, but the slip length barely affected the initial stiffness. The width of the sliding steel fuse influenced the bearing capacity and the degradation behavior. A wider width could lead to a higher bearing capacity and improve the degradation behavior. Based on the analysis of the stress development and stress distribution corresponding to different feature points, it was concluded that the use of bearing-energy dissipation improved the stress development in the framing components and achieved damage concentration.

A Comprehensive Review on the Hydrogen–Natural Gas–Diesel Tri-Fuel Engine Exhaust Emissions

Natural gas (NG) is favored for transportation due to its availability and lower CO2 emissions than fossil fuels, despite drawbacks like poor lean combustion ability and slow burning. According to a few recent studies, using hydrogen (H2) alongside NG and diesel in Tri-fuel mode addresses these drawbacks while enhancing efficiency and reducing emissions, making it a promising option for diesel engines. Due to the importance and novelty of this, the continuation of ongoing research, and insufficient literature studies on HNG–diesel engine emissions that are considered helpful to researchers, this research has been conducted. This review summarizes the recent research on the HNG–diesel Tri-fuel engines utilizing hydrogen-enriched natural gas (HNG). The research methodology involved summarizing the effect of engine design, operating conditions, fuel mixing ratios and supplying techniques on the CO, CO2, NOx and HC emissions separately. Previous studies show that using natural gas with diesel increases CO and HC emissions while decreasing NOx and CO2 compared to pure diesel. However, using hydrogen with diesel reduces CO, CO2, and HC emissions but increases NOx. On the other hand, HNG–diesel fuel mode effectively mitigates the disadvantages of using these fuels separately, resulting in decreased emissions of CO, CO2, HC, and NOx. The inclusion of hydrogen improves combustion efficiency, reduces ignition delay, and enhances heat release and in-cylinder pressure. Additionally, operational parameters such as engine power, speed, load, air–fuel ratio, compression ratio, and injection parameters directly affect emissions in HNG–diesel Tri-fuel engines. Overall, the Tri-fuel approach offers promising emissions benefits compared to using natural gas or hydrogen separately as dual-fuels.

On the Influence of Engine Compression Ratio on Diesel Engine Performance and Emission Fueled with Biodiesel Extracted from Waste Cooking Oil

Despite the extensive research on biodiesels, further investigation is warranted on the impact of compression ratios on emissions and engine performance. This study addresses this gap by evaluating the effects of increasing the engine’s compression ratio on engine performance metrics—brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), power, torque, and exhaust gas temperature—and emissions—unburnt hydrocarbons (HCs), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and oxygen (O2)—when fueled with a 20% blend of waste cooking oil biodiesel (WCB20) and petroleum diesel (PD) under various operating conditions. The viscosity of the prepared fuels was measured at 25 °C and 40 °C. Experiments were conducted on a single-cylinder diesel engine under wide-open throttle conditions at three different speeds (1400 rpm, 2000 rpm, and 2600 rpm) and two compression ratios (16:1 and 18:1). The results revealed that at a lower compression ratio, both WCB20 and petroleum diesel exhibited reduced BSFC compared to higher compression ratios. However, increasing the compression ratio from 16:1 to 18:1 significantly decreased HC emissions but increased CO2 and NOx emissions. Engine power increased with engine speed for both fuels and compression ratios, with WCB20 initially producing less power than diesel but surpassing it at higher compression ratios. WCB20 demonstrated improved combustion quality with lower unburnt hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide emissions due to its higher oxygen content, promoting complete combustion. This study provides critical insights into optimizing engine performance and emission characteristics by manipulating compression ratios and utilizing biodiesel blends, paving the way for more efficient and environmentally friendly diesel engine operations.

Automation of transportation of vapor of atmospheric deaerator in boiler installations

At present, when energy prices are unstable and periodically rise, enhancing the energy efficiency of thermal power plants, which implies the production of the same or larger amounts of energy with a lower consumption of energy resources, remains an urgent problem in the field of thermal power engineering. Such tasks aimed at reducing the consumption of energy resources for their own needs are quite urgent for manufacturing enterprises that use energyconsuming equipment, in particular steam boiler plants. Steam boiler houses contain a sufficient amount of energyintensive equipment, be it the boilers themselves or atmospheric deaerators, which are used to purify the boiler feedwater from corrosive gases. The article discusses the option of automating the process of closing the vapor during atmospheric deaeration in boiler plants by installing valves with automatic drives on the vapor removal pipelines. The article also analyzes the annual replenishment flow rate of the deaerator, assesses the quality of the condensate supplied to the deaerator, describes the conditions for opening and closing valves with automatic drives, and provides a calculation of the time delay required to remove vapor from the deaerator before closing the valves. A functional block diagram for controlling automatically driven valves is presented and its components are described. Thus, when implementing the described technology, significant savings in production steam spent on the deaerator will be achieved due to the closing of the deaerator vapor, with no chemically purified water supplied to the deaerator. This solution helps to increase the operating efficiency of the entire boiler installation.

The reduction in relative brain size in the domesticated dog is not an evolutionary singularity among the canids.

Domestication has long been considered the most powerful evolutionary engine behind dramatic reductions in brain size in several taxa, and the dog (Canis familiaris) is considered as a typical example that shows a substantial decrease in brain size relative to its ancestor, the grey wolf (Canis lupus). However, to make the case for exceptional evolution of reduced brain size under domestication requires an interspecific approach in a phylogenetic context that can quantify the extent by which domestication reduces brain size in comparison to closely related non-domesticated species responding to different selection factors in the wild. Here, we used a phylogenetic method to identify evolutionary singularities to test if the domesticated dog stands out in terms of relative brain size from other species of canids. We found that the dog does not present unambiguous signature of evolutionary singularity with regard to its small brain size, as the results were sensitive to the considerations about the ancestral trait values upon domestication. However, we obtained strong evidence for the hibernating common raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) being an evolutionary outlier for its brain size. Therefore, domestication is not necessarily an exceptional case concerning evolutionary reductions in brain size in an interspecific perspective.

SIMULATION OF AN AUTONOMOUS HYDROSTATIC DRIVE

The features of the application of autonomous electrohydraulic drives for power engineering are considered. The classification of linear actuators is given, the analysis of design and layout solutions of developers of autonomous steering actuators for general engineering is performed. The analysis of disadvantages is carried out and the directions of improvement of autonomous drives are presented. A scheme of an autonomous electrohydraulic drive with an automatic power control system based on the use of information from pressure, flow and displacement sensors is proposed. A mathematical model of an autonomous electrohydraulic drive with a power regulator has been developed, which makes it possible to estimate a random change in the load on the executive hydraulic motor and optimize the pump supply in accordance with the required task. The obtained research results confirm that an autonomous hydraulic drive with a power regulator is a promising technical solution that contributes to the development of high-precision power drives and controllability for general mechanical engineering.

Intelligent Algorithm Operation and Data Management of Electromechanical Engineering Power Communication Network based on the Internet of Things

Intelligent Algorithm Operation and Data Management of Electromechanical Engineering Power Communication Network based on the Internet of Things

Enterprise Architecture in the Construction Management Software using the Business Model Canvas

Indonesia's construction industry has boomed over the past decade, acting as a powerful engine for the nation's economic growth. However, this success story comes with a growing list of challenges. Construction projects are becoming increasingly intricate, demanding not only efficiency and quality but also enhanced safety and a minimized environmental footprint. To tackle these complexities, the industry is undergoing a crucial transformation towards "smart construction." This approach leverages the power of information and communication technology (ICT) throughout the entire project lifecycle, from planning and design to execution and maintenance. By integrating ICT tools like Building Information Modeling (BIM) and cloud-based project management platforms, smart construction streamlines processes, minimizes errors, and optimizes resource allocation, ultimately leading to improved efficiency, enhanced worker safety, and a reduction in environmental impact. A key pillar of smart construction lies in the integration of enterprise architecture (EA) within construction management software. EA provides a structured framework for aligning IT systems with construction businesses' specific goals and objectives. This ensures that software development and management are adaptable to evolving industry needs and foster continuous innovation. This research delves into the application of EA within the construction management software industry, specifically focusing on the TOGAF Architecture Development Method (ADM). By exploring EA through this established framework, the research aims to shed light on how the construction industry in Indonesia can leverage technology to its fullest potential. This will ensure continued growth within the sector and contribute to a lasting positive impact on the nation's economy.

A Thermodynamic Study on Information Power in Communication Systems.

Modern information theory pioneered by Shannon provides the mathematical foundation of information transmission and compression. However, the physical (and especially the energetic) nature of the information has been elusive. While the processing of information incurs inevitable energy dissipation, it is possible for communication systems to harness information to perform useful work. In this article, we prove that the thermodynamic cost (that is, the entropy production of the communication system) is at least equal to the information transmitted. Based on this result, a model of a communication heat engine is proposed, which can extract work from the heat bath by utilizing the transmission of information. The communication heat engine integrates the manipulation of both energy and information so that both information and power may be transmitted in parallel. The information transmission rate and the information power of the communication heat engine are derived from a pure thermodynamics argument. We find that the information power of the communication heat engine can be increased by increasing the number of communication channels, but the absolute energy efficiency of the heat engine first increases and then decreases after the number of channels of the system exceeds a threshold. The proposed model and definitions provide a new way to think of a classical communication system from a thermodynamic perspective.

Power engineering of the tangential supply device of the microturbine of the thermal control system of a promising spacecraft

This paper presents an overview of the current technical problem related to two-phase spacecraft thermal control systems and possible technical applications of thermal energy recovery in the organic Rankine cycle as an integral part of thermal management systems. The design solution involves the integration of a steam microturbine behind an evaporator radiator. The microturbine is a tangential supply device and a radially centripetal impeller of low speed nst40. In this area, there is no reliable data on the design and energy of both the supply device and the impeller. The energy (loss of enthalpy) of the supply device mainly determines the transport of the swirling flow to the impeller and, as a result, the circumferential operation on the turbine. A prototype of a radial microturbine has been developed and presented in order to evaluate the design of the flow part of both the supply device and the impeller. As a result of the analysis, the main determining hydrodynamic areas necessary for hydrodynamic analysis and mathematical elaboration of the flow calculation algorithm with an assessment of energy losses are identified: the flow of a swirling flow of a radial-annular slit; axial-annular slit and tangential supply device. The first two algorithms assume computational modeling, the model of energy losses in a tangential supply device is not amenable to analytical modeling because it includes a sequence (or compatibility) of flows under boundary conditions defined as “local resistances”: the sudden expansion, reversal of the flow, together with a section of radially circumferential flow, the mutual influence of these boundary conditions assumes only an expe rimental assessment of energy losses in a tangential supply device through the loss coefficient of local resistance in the range of changes in geometric and operating parameters. As a result of experimental studies, a database has been proposed on the loss coefficient of tangential microturbine supply devices in the field of the practical range of the existence of operating and design parameters.

Neural network energy management strategy for plug-in hybrid electric combine harvesters based on quasi-periodic samples

Energy management strategies are crucial for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Combine Harvester (PHECH). However, many existing approaches rely on rigid, pre-setting rules that struggle to adjust to the PHECH operational conditions. This paper first introduces a power estimation model tailored to the quasi-periodic process of harvester activity. Then, Dynamic Programming (DP) is applied to derive optimal samples of engine power ratio across various scenarios. Building on the samples, a Neural Network (NN) is developed to enhance the strategy's economic and real-time performance. Simulation tests evaluate the proposed algorithm's efficacy and its energy conservation potential. The findings suggest that, compared to fuel-driven harvesters, the NN strategy achieves similar energy cost savings to the DP approach, exceeding 11%, which is better than the Charge Depleting and Charge Sustaining (CDCS) strategy's 7.22% and the MPC-ECMS strategy's 7.87%. Moreover, the NN strategy reduces the time expense to roughly one-fifth of that required by the DP approach.

An Energy, and Emission Assessment of Diesel Engines Powered with Shorea Robusta Biodiesel and Blends

The present investigation examines the exergy, energy, and pollutants of a diesel-powered engine fuelled with a blend of Shorea Robusta Biodiesel (SRB) and normal diesel. The impact of engine power, speed, and fuel mix on emissions and operating characteristics are investigated. The use of blended fuels including SRB reduces a number of performance metrics, including BTE, exergy efficiency, and the sustainability index. Furthermore, CO (carbon monoxide), smoke, and HC (hydrocarbon) emissions are reduced when compared to utilising pure diesel fuel. SRB20 has the lowest HC emissions among the mixes SRB. At an engine speed of 1500 rpm and a power output of 5.5kW, SRB10, SRB20, and SRB30 blends lower HC emissions by 8.92%, 10.71%, and 7.14%, respectively. Similarly, when compared to conventional diesel fuel, SRB10, SRB20, and SRB30 blends reduce CO emissions by 1.25%, 5%, and 6.25%, respectively.

Analysis of the performance, combustion and emission of Hydrogen Induction in a CRDI engine

&lt;p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:18.0pt; margin-bottom:13px"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11pt"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height:normal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:10.0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif"&gt;Since hydrogen gas is a plentiful element in the universe, using it as fuel for IC engines has the potential to reduce pollution while also improving the engine performance. Hydrogen gas as fuel has many advantages, including a high energy density, a rapid flame speed, clean burning, and a short quenching distance. When compared to pure diesel as fuel, alternative fuels like biodiesel (a mixture of lemon and orange peel oils) are utilised in this experiment to reduce exhaust emissions. In addition to biodiesel, hydrogen induction is used in dual fuel technology to boost the power of engine while minimising emissions and improving the fuel efficiency and fuel economy. Hydrogen gas is utilised, the engine consumes less biodiesel fuel, thereby reducing the fuel cost. According to experimental findings, a reduction in the brake-specific energy consumption of 23.48% and a rise in brake thermal efficiency of 33.4% are observed for pure diesel along with 6lpm of hydrogen gas. Therefore, hydrogen is a potential fuel to drive the internal combustion engine to produce more power and by minimizing the exhaust gas emissions. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Investigation of emission characteristics of a marine cargo ship in real-world conditions

Pollution caused by ship emissions will considerably impact coastal areas. A test system that matched the actual conditions of a ship was designed based on a portable emission measurement system (PEMS), and the emission characteristic of gaseous and particle emissions and the particle size distribution of the ship's main engine were investigated under real-world operating conditions. The results showed that the emission concentrations of the main pollutants fluctuated greatly under the departure, anchoring, and docking conditions, and the peaks of CO, CO2, and NOx emissions appeared under these transient conditions. The emission concentrations of CO2, hydrocarbons, particle number (PN), and particulate mass increased with the increase in speed. The PN-based particle size distribution of the engine presented a unimodal distribution under daily operating conditions. The maximum emission factor of NOx based on the engine power was 29.53 g/kWh at the engine speed of 66 r/min. The results of the study may contribute to supplementing the emission factors of this type of ship, and provide data support for monitoring and assessment of the marine environment.

Digital image correlation approach for low-cycle fatigue life monitoring of 13HMF power engineering steel

In this paper, strain evolution of 13HMF power engineering steel was analysed during force-controlled low cycle fatigue (LCF). The material performance under cyclic loading was monitored by using Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique for different values of stress amplitude exceeding the yield strength of the material significantly. Data collected from DIC was compared to the extensometer ones to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Finally, the cloud data reflecting the fatigue performance of 13HMF was generated in the form of strain-stress amplitude - service life distribution map.