Power Electronic Simulation Research Articles

Effects of un-transposed UHV transmission line on fault analysis of power systems

The conventional fault analysis method based on symmetrical components supposes that the three-phase parameters of un-transposed transmission line are symmetrical in case of fault. The errors caused by the method with the symmetrical distributed parameter circuit model as the equivalent circuit of the un-transposed ultra high voltage(UHV) transmission line were studied under both normal operation and fault, and the corresponding problems arising were pointed out. By contrast with electromagnetic transient and power electronics(EMTPE) simulation results with the asymmetrical distributed parameter circuit model of un-transposed line, it is shown that the conventional method cannot show the existence of negative and zero sequences before fault happening and there are many errors on voltage and current after fault happening which are different with fault types. The error ranges of voltage and current are 2.13%–81.13% and −7.82%– −86.15%, respectively.

Investigation of Electrical Transient Behavior for Ultrasonic Transducer in on/off Cycles

This paper investigates a theoretical analysis of electrical transient responses of a bolt-clamped Langevin ultrasonic transducer (BLT) and its verifications based on simulations and experiments during on/off transient states immediately after turning on/off. The simulations are determined by a power electronic simulator originally designed for power converters and motor drives. The responses include the open-circuit voltage, the terminal current, the motional current and the mechanical power loss. A linear equivalent circuit model with the initial conditions is stated first. This model is used to derive the responses characterized by simple closed-form equations. The off transient state as specified by the initial conditions regarding switching-off time of an ac sine source for the drive of the BLT is related to cyclic behavior. The derived responses are further checked by simulations and experiments. To obtain the experiments, a test system which contains an ac power supply, a digital oscilloscope and a control switch is needed. Finally, characteristics of the responses and effects of switching-on/off times of the ac sine source on the characteristics are discussed. The characteristics comprise the dc/ac time constants and the maximum/minimum wave amplitudes for the BLT during on/off transient states.

Analysis of Electromechanical Actuator Based on FEM - Circuit Simulator Coupling

Design and simulation of an electromechanical system is multidisciplinary. In this paper three different types of co-simulation of a mechatronic system are compared. The co-simulation is realized between two different programs (power electronic circuit simulator - control part and finite element analysis - magnetic and mechanic model part). The simulations were realized for an electromechanical actuator fuel injection system. The output waveforms for coil current, forces, inductances and position are compared. Finally the measured waveforms are presented too.

PSIM-Based Modeling of Automotive Power Systems: Conventional, Electric, and Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Automotive manufacturers have been taking advantage of simulation tools for modeling and analyzing various types of vehicles, such as conventional, electric, and hybrid electric vehicles. These simulation tools are of great assistance to engineers and researchers to reduce product-development cycle time, improve the quality of the design, and simplify the analysis without costly and time-consuming experiments. In this paper, a modeling tool that has been developed to study automotive systems using the power electronics simulator (PSIM) software is presented. PSIM was originally made for simulating power electronic converters and motor drives. This user-friendly simulation package is able to simulate electric/electronic circuits; however, it has no capability for simulating the entire system of an automobile. This paper discusses the PSIM validity as an automotive simulation tool by creating module boxes for not only the electrical systems, but also the mechanical, energy-storage, and thermal systems of the vehicles. These modules include internal combustion engines, fuel converters, transmissions, torque couplers, and batteries. Once these modules are made and stored in the library, the user can make the car model either a conventional, an electric, or a hybrid vehicle at will, just by dragging and dropping onto a schematic blank page.

Signal flow graph modelling of multi-state boost DC–DC converters

A systematic procedure and guidelines for developing the unified flow graph model of a multi-state boost DC–DC converter is presented. From this unified model it is possible to predetermine the complete behaviour of the converter system. The proposed method provides ease of model formulation and avoids the mathematical complexity involved in obtaining the unified model. Usefulness of the proposed method is demonstrated through an example of three state boost converters. A simplified procedure is described that can be used to deduce large-signal, small-signal and steady-state from the unified signal flow graph of the converter. Large-signal models models have been developed and programmed in the TUTSIM simulator. Large-signal responses against supply and load disturbances were obtained. Theoretical results, obtained from the proposed signal flow graph method, are compared with PSIM power electronic simulator results. Experimental results are provided to validate the proposed modelling method.

Current control strategy for brushless DC motors based on a common DC signal

A simplified current controlled modulation technique for brushless DC motors is presented. It is based on the generation of quasi square-wave currents, using only one current controller for the three phases. The advantages of this strategy are: (a) very simple control scheme; (b) the phase currents are kept balanced; (c) the difficult sensing of DC link current in flat plates is avoided; and (d) the current is controlled through only one DC component. These characteristics allow to use the triangular carrier as a current control strategy for the power transistors, which is simpler and better than other options. Computer simulations using power electronic simulator (PSIM), have been developed to show the good characteristics of this solution, and its simplicity. Some experiments with a 15 kW motor-inverter system, show the excellent behavior under steady-state, and transient situations, such as step response and reversal of power.

329 システムシミュレーションを用いたパワーエレクトロニクスの設計手法

The power electronics system contains electronic circuits, actuators, and analog/digital control systems complexity. Recently, the systems are analyzed for each components by each simulation tools such are electromagnetic FEA, circuit analysis and block diagram simulator without total simulations. The simulation of the entire system which considers the multi physics is important for the sophisticated design. In this paper, we proposed the design method for entire power electronics systems and possibility of the power electronics simulation by using system simulator "Simplorer".

Modeling and simulation of power electronic converters

This paper reviews some of the major approaches to modeling and simulation in power electronics, and provides references that can serve as a starting point for the extensive literature on the subject. The major focus of the paper is on averaged models of various kinds, but sampled-data models are also introduced. The importance of hierarchical modeling and simulation is emphasized.

On the validity of the standard SPICE model of the diode for simulation in power electronics

A systematic study of the standard SPICE model of the diode in the case of simulations of power diodes in power electronic applications shows the limits of accuracy with respect to experiments. Therefore, the interest in such a model in power electronic applications is comparable to the high-low resistance model.

Distributed B-spline electrothermal models of thyristors proposed for circuit simulation of power electronics

A B-spline based electrothermal model for thyristors is proposed for circuit simulations and is demonstrated for gate-triggered resistive circuits by comparison with PISCES simulation results. The model topology for small area thyristors consists of an electrical device circuit model and a thermal circuit model which are coupled together to establish the interaction between the electrical and thermal responses. A distributed topology is introduced for large area thyristors to simulate the realistic electrothermal spreading effect. Each element of the electrothermal topology is extracted from the DC current-voltage (I-V), quasistatic capacitance-voltage (C-V), and static and transient thermal characteristics simulated with PISCES. The fitting technique relies on B-spline and Tensor Product B-Spline (TPS) numerical methods, as well as, physical-based analytic expressions. This B-spline based electrothermal model is implemented in the SPICE-compatible MISIM circuit simulator. Simulations are performed to obtain the device electrothermal distribution, verify the model accuracy, and demonstrate the device self heating effect for 600 Hz gate-triggered resistive circuits. Excellent agreements are obtained for the DC I-V, transient AC, and electrothermal simulation results between the new circuit model and the PISCES/GIGA simulator for the low-frequency applications considered.

Comparison of simulation algorithms for accelerated determination of periodic steady state of switched networks

This paper presents a comparison of the following algorithms for accelerated determination of periodic steady state of switched networks: Newton's method with analytically determined Jacobian; Newton's method with numerically determined Jacobian; Newton's method with Broyden updates of an initial numerically determined Jacobian; Newton's method with a globally convergent strategy (and numerical Jacobian); Bukowski's method; and Skelboe's method. Each algorithm is incorporated into a very accurate power electronics' simulator (PECS) at source-code level and compared on a common basis. The results on several switching converters suggest the analytical Newton's method to be the most accurate and fastest. When analytical derivatives are not available, both Broyden's and Skelboe's methods are competitive.

Simulation method for DSP-controlled active PFC high-frequency power converters

A generic simulation approach for digital-signal-processor (DSP) controlled power converter systems is described. Software program statements for simulating a feedback control scheme could also be incorporated in the software code of a DSP-controlled power conversion system. The power electronic circuit simulation technique is based on the substitution of switch-modulated resistors in place of all the active and/or passive power switches; one state equation described by state variables, i.e. inductor currents and capacitor voltages, and the solution of the state equation is computed by an appropriate numerical method. The simulation approach is explained by a practical application example of the DSP-controlled active-switch three-phase power-factor-correction (PFC) converter system.

Development of a photovoltaic array model for use in power-electronics simulation studies

To be able to develop a complete solar photovoltaic power electronic conversion system in simulation, it is necessary to define a circuit-based simulation model for a PV cell in order to allow the interaction between a proposed power converter (with its associated control arrangement) and the PV array to be studied. To do this, it is necessary to approach the modelling process from the perspective of power electronics; that is to define the desired overall model in terms of the manner in which the electrical behaviour of the cell changes with respect to the environmental parameters of temperature and irradiance. The authors cover the development of a general model which can be implemented on simulation platforms such as PSPICE or SABER and is designed to be of use to power electronics specialists. The model accepts irradiance and temperature as variable parameters and outputs the I/V characteristic for that particular cell for the above conditions.

Generalised TLM switch model for power electronics applications

A generalised model of a switch suitable for power electronic circuits simulation, based on the transmission-line modelling or matrix (TLM) method, is presented. It consists of an inductive stub model terminated by a resistance having a small or large value depending on whether the switch is on or off, respectively. In the previous TLM switch model, a series resistance is always required to be added to the model to represent the voltage drop during the conduction state, whereas in the new proposed switch model, depending on the state of the switch, the on or off resistance forms an integrated part of the model, To demonstrate the application of the generalised TLM switch model, a voltage-source inverter (VSI) feeding an inductive load was considered. Results from the simulation are in complete agreement with expected theoretical waveforms.

Topologically Rectangular Grids in the Parallel Simulationof Semiconductor Devices

Topologically rectangular grids offer simplicity and efficiency in the design of parallel semiconductor device simulators tailored for mesh connected MIMD platforms. This paper presents several approaches to the generation of topologically rectangular 2D and 3D grids. The effects of the partitioning of such grids on different processor configurations are studied. A simulated annealing algorithm is used to optimise the partitioning of 2D and 3D grids on two dimensional arrays of processors. Problems related to the discretization, parallel matrix generation and solution strategy are discussed. The use of topologically rectangular grids is illustrated through the example of power electronic device simulation.

An experimentally verified hybrid Cassie-Mayr electric arc model for power electronics simulations

This paper presents an electric arc model that can approximately represent both the static and dynamic characteristics of an arc load controlled by a power electronic circuit. The proposed model was developed from the combination and modifications of the classical Cassie and Mayr equations. The model equations have been expressed in a form suitable for incorporation into circuit simulators employing the nodal analysis method of equation solving. The model has been test-implemented in the Saber circuit simulator. Simulated and experimental results appear to be in good agreement.

Transient analysis of distribution class adaptive VAr compensators: simulation and field test results

Simulation studies are performed to analyze the transient behavior of the adaptive VAr compensator (AVC), a power electronic device installed at the distribution level, during its design, installation and field testing stages. The simulation model includes detailed models for power apparatus, power semiconductor devices and low signal level electronics. Hence, by using this model, a wide range of simulation studies which contribute towards the development of the AVC and its effectiveness in the field can all be performed on the same platform. A new power electronics simulator called SABER has proven to be very effective for this study because of its model-independent structure and extensive library that covers various disciplines of engineering. The simulation studies are aimed at gaining a better understanding of the interaction between the AVC and the distribution system. They cover a range of phenomena such as switching transients due to mechanical capacitor bank closing, fast transients due to reverse recovery of the power diodes of the AVC, power system harmonics and voltage flicker problem. This paper also briefly describes the criteria for selection of the simulation tool and the models developed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Construction of a power electronic simulator including two-dimensional finite element modelling of electrical machines

This paper presents a method to construct a general purpose time domain simulator for power electronic drives of electrical machines. The electrical machine is modelled by the two-dimensional finite element method. An efficient formulation for handling strongly nonlinear power electronic components is presented. the power electronic circuit and the connections of windings of the machine may have an arbitrary topology which is given by a net-list file (SPICE-type input file). The method is based on the handling of the field and the circuit models as a single system of equations. The applicability of the mehod is investigated with three example cases. Two of the example simulations are verified by measurements.

Thyristor switch model for power electronic circuit simulation in modified SPICE 2

Modifications to the commercially available SPICE 2 program that allow the accurate simulation of thyristor circuits are discussed. A near-ideal switch model of a thyristor is developed using resistive components, thus eliminating the problems associated with transistor models. The simulator SPICE 2G.6 is modified and a new input format for the thyristor is implemented. Examples of simulations with the new model agree closely with theoretical and experimental investigations. >

User-friendly dedicated power electronic converter simulator

A user-friendly power electronic simulator for the design and analysis of power electronic circuits is presented. A graphic input interface module called ATOSECG has been developed for the dedicated power electronic converter system simulator ATOSEC5. ATOSECG has tremendously facilitated the interaction of the user with the simulator. Examples of application of the ATOSEC5 simulator for the analysis of a complex multiconverter system are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>