Power Drop Research Articles

Testing axial flow solar chimney turbine using wind tunnel

The solar chimney power plant (SCPP) is a modernistic and promising technology, which utilizes the combination of solar heating and chimney effect for producing electricity. Solar collector, updraft tower and air turbine are the main components of a solar chimney unit, however, the turbine plays a royal role because it converts the kinetic energy of the heating air into useful mechanical energy. In this study, I measured the power, flow rate, rotational speed and pressure drop of the designed and industrial turbines within the wind tunnel, and the power coefficient of the turbines are calculated by measured values. The turbine was designed according to the blade element theory modified to consider the surrounding duct. we measured the electric power, flow rate and pressure drop of the turbine, and the power coefficient of the turbine is calculated by measured values. Testing of the designed and industrial turbine within wind tunnel shows that the highest power coefficient of the designed turbine is 0.45, while the highest power coefficient of the industrial turbine is 0.32. The designed turbine produces 28.89% higher than the industrial one.

Variability of Performance Indices of Photovoltaic Solar Panels in Operating Conditions in the Littoral Zone of Cameroon

Photovoltaic cells are generally manufactured under standard test conditions. The operating conditions, very often induce performance losses different from those initially given by the manufacturer. This article presents an experimental acquisition and analysis system that integrates the synthetic efficiency ratio (SER) as a hybrid analysis tool to evaluate the performance of a monocrystalline photovoltaic solar panel, in this case the LW-MS90 panel in the city of Douala. The meteorological data obtained experimentally was used to evaluate these performances according to the manufacturer’s model in MATLAB/Simulink. By comparison with the experimental performances, the results quantify through a certain number of indices, a minimal power drop according to the acquired irradiance estimated at 3.45%. The interest of this approach is to contribute to the prediction of the operating performance of PV panels in the installation phase in non-standard areas.

Generation of high-intensity ultra-short optical pulses: 2018 Nobel Prize Winners in Physics Gerard Mourou and Donna Strickland

In the early 1980s, French physicist G. Mourou and his Canadian collaborator D. Strickland solved the problem of power drop by dispersing in time and space the processes of amplification and compression: a method of obtaining super-powerful chirped laser pulses (CPA – chirped pulse amplification). The paper presents brief biographical references to Mourou and Strickland. The 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded “for groundbreaking inventions in the field of laser physics”: Artur Isidorovich Ashkin (Ashkinazi, born 02.09.1922, USA), half of the prize “for the optical tweezers and their application to biological systems”; Gerard Albert Mourou and Donna Theo Strickland (became the third woman to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics) (quarterly premium) “for their method of generating high-intensity, ultra-short optical pulses”. Since that time all lasers have been built on a new principle: after the amplifiers place a compressor from diffraction bars. Instead of simply amplifying the pulse, it is first spread out on spectral components spread over time, then they are amplified separately, then again assembled into a single pulse. At each point in time, only a fraction of the pulse is amplified, not the entire pulse, allowing for a much higher peak intensity of laser light flow.

Influence of propellant leakage from pump area into turbine area on turbo-pump operation stability

There is an increasing trend to liquid-propellant rocket engines which run on eco-friendly storable propellant. This trend is mostly dictated by the refusal to use traditional toxic storable propellant in many countries. The most widespread eco-friendly storable propellant is hydrogen peroxide with kerosene. Though, this propellant has a lower specific impulse in comparison with traditional liquid oxygen with kerosene. To compensate the loss of specific impulse, there is a reason to design a staged combustion engine. Evidently, the turbopump is the most complicated system in the staged combustion propulsion system. This fact makes research devoted to turbo-pumps a top priority. The paper aims to determine the influence of propellant leakage from the pump area into the turbine area and create recommendations which would allow organizing the stable operation of turbopump. As a result of turbopump staged combustion cycle testing, a conclusion had been made that leakage, which opens during the test, significantly influences the stability of turbopump operation. Depending on the amount of leakage, the turbine generated power drop was between 20 and 45%, which led to a decrease in rotation speed and outlet pressure of the pump. During the R&D process, a way of leakage influence elimination had been offered. Formulated recommendations may be used during the design process of the turbopump for staged combustion liquid propulsion systems.

Polarization-Discriminated RSOA–EAM for Colorless Transmitter in WDM–PON

The integrated reflective semiconductor optical amplifier (RSOA) and electro-absorption modulator (EAM) is viewed as an appealing solution to the colorless transmitter on the optical network unit (ONU) side of wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) passive optical networks (PONs), for its broad modulation bandwidth and high optical gain. However, the conventional RSOA–EAM usually exhibits a poor upstream signal eye-diagram because it can hardly simultaneously saturate the downstream signal and boost the upstream signal as required. By exploiting the polarization-depended RSOA gain, we propose a polarization-discriminated RSOA–EAM to improve the quality of the upstream signal eye-diagram. In this device, the transverse electric polarized downstream signal is saturated by the high gain in the RSOA active region made of compressively strained multiple quantum wells, whereas the upstream signal is linearly amplified after polarization rotation. We find that, as the quality of the upstream signal eye-diagram improves with an increased polarization rotation angle, its power drops, which indicates that there exists an optimized rotation angle to reach a compromise between the upstream signal integrity and power. Simulation results show that the dynamic extinction ratio and output power of the upstream signal can reach 8.3 dB and 11 dBm, respectively, through the proposed device with its rotation angle set at an optimum value (80°), which exceeds the specification (6 dB and 4 dBm) of the upstream transmitter as required by the next-generation PON stage two. The quality of the upstream signal eye-diagram measured in Q-factor is improved by 10 dB compared to the conventional RSOA–EAM design without polarization rotation introduced.

Prior-damage dynamics in a high-finesse optical enhancement cavity.

An observation of prior-damage behavior inside a high-finesse optical resonator is reported. Intra-cavity average power drops appeared with magnitude and time scale depending on the power level. Increasing further the incident laser beam power led to irreversible damage of the cavity coupling mirror surface. The origin of this phenomenon is investigated with post mortem mirror surface imaging and analysis of the signals reflected and transmitted by the enhancement cavity. Scattering losses induced by surface deformation due to a hot-spot surface contaminant is found to be most likely the dominant physics process behind this phenomenon.

Improvement of the performance of STATCOM in terms of voltage profile using ANN controller

The electronic equipments are extremely sensitive to variation in electric supply. The increasing of a nonlinear system with several interconnected unpredicted and non-linear loads are causing some problems to the power system. The major problem facing the power system is power quality, controlling of reactive power and voltage drop. A static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) is an important device commonly used for compensation purposes, it can provide reactive support to a bus to compensate voltage level. In this paper, the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) controlled STATCOM has been designed to replace the conventional PI controller to enhance the STATCOM performance. The ANN controller is proposed due to its simple structure, adaptability, robustness, considering the power grid non linearities. The ANN is trained offline using data from the PI controller. The performance of STATCOM with case of Load increasing and three-phase faults case was analyzed using MATLAB/Simulink software on the IEEE 14-bus system. The comprehensive result of the PI and ANN controllers has demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed ANN controller in enhancing the STATCOM performance for Voltage profile at different operating conditions. Furthermore, it has produced better results than the conventional PI controller.

Real-Time Volt/Var Control in Active Distribution Networks With Data-Driven Partition Method

The penetration of photovoltaics (PVs) and electric vehicles (EVs) is increasing in active distribution networks (ADN), which may lead to severe voltage violation problems. This paper proposes a two-stage real-time Volt/Var control method to mitigate fast voltage violations. In the first stage, hourly on-load tap changer (OLTC) and capacitor banks (CBs) are scheduled based on the optimal power flow method. The optimization problem is formulated as a mixed-integer second-order cone programming (MISOCP) which can be effectively solved. In the second stage, a data-driven network partition method is proposed to select critical bus and assess the voltage violation risk of each control area, followed by the intra-day dispatch of EVs. Based on the partition results, reactive power of PVs and EVs is controlled in real-time to mitigate voltage violations. Considering the suddenly active power drop of PVs, a rule-based control strategy coordinating PVs and CBs is proposed to improve the reactive power reserve in ADN. The proposed approach is tested on the IEEE 33-bus and 123-bus distribution networks and simulation results verify the effectiveness both in network partition and real-time voltage control.

Gratings with longitudinal variations in coupling coefficients: super-efficiency and unidirectionality in distributed feedback Raman fiber lasers

We propose a technique to design highly-efficient and -unidirectional DFB Raman fiber lasers based on the engineering of the grating’s coupling coefficient including a π-phase shift position in the fiber. For this purpose, first the ideal intra-cavity signal powers for different pump power levels are determined for given fiber lengths. Then, the sum and difference between the counter-propagating wave intensities at each small segment within fiber lengths are calculated resulting in determining the ideal grating’s coupling functions for co- and contra-directional-pumping. The steady-state behavior of the laser using realistic parameters is finally simulated for modified coupling functions considering the Kerr nonlinearity. For a 10 W co-directional-pumped, ∼1 m long single-mode super-efficient DFB, a ∼50% increase in the laser efficiency, more than 44 dB reduction in contra-directional lasing power, ∼15 times drop in the peak power of intra-cavity signal and ∼38% decrease in the unused-pump power are found, compared to those in a standard DFB with the same coupling-length product. Although an enhanced nonlinear refractive index due to thermal gradient reduces the output power of such lasers, it is shown that the super-efficient laser presents a better performance than the standard one, under such conditions.

Assessment of a heat pipe solar collector with nanofluids.

This research was designed to experimentally study the influence of using three metal oxide nanofluids at different high flow rates with various mass concentration of nanoparticles as the working fluid, on the thermal efficiency and pumping power of heat pipe solar collector (HPSC). The volume flow rate of the working fluid was 5, 8, 11, and 14 L/min. Also, mass concentration of nanoparticles was 0.5 and 1.167 g/L. Co-precipitation technique was employed to prepare CuO, Al2O3, and MgO nanoparticles. The optical and structural characterization of the nanostructure were considered by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-visible analysis. The thermal performance of the HPSC using metal oxide nanofluids and water was compared with the volume flow rate that varied from 5 to 14 L/min. It was observed that nanofluids improved the collector efficiency between 9 and 20% compared with deionized water. The present results revealed that the maximum efficiency was found to be 83% for a mass concentration of 1.167 g/L of CuO nanofluids and volume flow rate of 14 L/min. The HPSC efficiency shows better improvement with the increasing mass concentration of metal oxide nanoparticles and volume flow rate. Also, the increase rate of the pumping power and pressure drop is less than 0.9% for all of the nanofluids that were used as the working fluids. Results showed that the metal oxide nanofluids are appropriate for increasing the efficiency of HPSC.

Performance investigation of a rectangular spiral flow PV/T collector with a novel form-stable composite material

The electrical output of the Photovoltaic (PV) cells decreases with the increase in the operating temperature. To address the issue of electrical power drop in PV, a new hybrid collector called photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) module has been proposed by the researchers. PV/T combines a PV and thermal absorber; it helps in cooling of PV and to harness the waste heat from PV for utilizing in low-temperature applications. However, the cooling uniformity and thermal efficiency remain to be major challenges for the broader applicability of PV/T. In this work, a novel rectangular spiral tube only absorber is developed with a transparent multi-crystalline PV module with absorber tubes directly glued to the PV backside. A novel form-stable composite developed by simple impregnation method using PCM (OM35) and biochar derived from water hyacinth. This novel composite is embedded in the enclosure formed by the PV and back cover to improve cooling uniformity and better absorption of incoming radiation due to the blackish appearance of the composite. In the composite, 5% by wt aluminium metal powder is added. The thermal conductivity of the composite is found to improve by 1.66 times than that of pure PCM, while aluminium metal powder is added. The heat of fusion is calculated to be 78 J/g. The developed PV/T system has been experimentally evaluated under outdoor conditions. The average electrical, thermal, energy and exergy efficiency of the PV/T system with novel form-stable thermal energy storage material is reported to be 13 ± 5.04%, 66.6 ± 5.48%, 79.6 ± 5.53%, and 15 ± 5.58% respectively, whereas the average electrical efficiency PV during the experiment found to be 10.7 ± 5.04%. The electrical efficiency of the PV module used is 14.64% under Standard Test Conditions. There is an improvement of 18.4% in electrical output as compared to PV with this novel arrangement.

Energy-Efficient Tunneling Field-Effect Transistors for Low-Power Device Applications: Challenges and Opportunities.

Conventional field-effect transistors (FETs) have long been considered a fundamental electronic component for a diverse range of devices. However, nanoelectronic circuits based on FETs are not energy efficient because they require a large supply voltage for switching applications. To reduce the supply voltage in standard FETs, which is hampered by the 60 mV/decade limit established by the subthreshold swing (SS), a new class of FETs have been designed, tunnel FETs (TFETs). A TFET utilizes charge-carrier transportation in device channels using quantum mechanical based band-to-band tunneling despite of conventional thermal injection. The TFETs fabricated with thin semiconducting film or nanowires can attain a 100-fold power drop compared to complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) transistors. As a result, the use of TFETs and CMOS technology together could ameliorate integrated circuits for low-power devices. The discovery of two-dimensional (2D) materials with a diverse range of electronic properties has also opened new gateways for condensed matter physics, nanotechnology, and material science, thus potentially improving TFET-based devices in terms of device design and performance. In this review, state-of-art TFET devices exhibiting different semiconducting channels and geometries are comprehensively reviewed followed by a brief discussion of the challenges that remain for the development of high-performance devices. Lastly, future prospects are presented for the improvement of device design and the working efficiency of TFETs.

Effects of Acute Alcohol Consumption on Cycling Anaerobic Exercise Performance: A Randomized Crossover Study

PURPOSE: Some athletes consume alcohol prior to training and sports events, possibly because they believe that alcohol may aid in reducing pain and anxiety, increasing confidence, and promoting aggressiveness. While previous studies have shown that alcohol consumption acutely impairs endurance exercise performance, its effects on anaerobic exercise performance have not been well established. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of a small dose of alcohol on anaerobic exercise performance.METHODS: In a randomized crossover design, nine healthy and recreationally active males (n=6) and females (n=3) participated in the study. Subjects consumed 0.7 g of alcohol per kg of lean body mass or a calorie/volume-matched sucrose beverage. Reaction time tests were performed before and 25 minutes after beverage consumption. Following the second reaction time test, subjects performed the 20-second Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT).RESULTS: Compared to the sucrose drink, alcohol showed no significant effects on peak power (p=.903), average power (p=.970), percentage power drop during WAnT (p=.593), or total energy produced during WAnT (p=.923). Moreover, alcohol did not affect the time course of power output during a 20s WAnT (p=.999 for all time points). In addition, reaction time was not significantly different when comparing alcoholic with sucrose drinks at different timepoint (Before; p=.999, After; p=.364).CONCLUSIONS: Although some athletes consume alcohol prior to engaging in sports events, assuming that it may improve anaerobic exercise performance, the results of the present study show that acute consumption of alcohol does not have effects on anaerobic exercise performance when compared to the control beverage.

급성 혈류제한 운동이 건강한 성인 남성의 혈압, 근장력 및 무산소성 능력에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of acute blood flow restriction exercise on blood pressure, muscular tension and anaerobic capacity in healthy men. Ten healthy men were classified into acute blood flow restriction exercise groups (EXG) and control groups (CON). All subjects measured blood pressure, muscular tension and anaerobic capacity by applying a randomized crossover study at intervals of two weeks. SBP and DBP significantly increased in the EXG immediately after exercise compared to before exercise (p<.05). In EXG, SBP and DBP tended to be recovered to before exercise. However, in CON, SBP was significantly higher after 5 minutes of exercise compared to before exercise (p<.05), and DBP was significantly lower after 5 minutes of exercise compared to before exercise (p<.05) . In a ddition, DM, TC, TR, and TS were significantly reduced in the EXR after the exercise compared to before the exercise (p<.05). However, there were no statistically significant differences between groups in maximum power per weight, average power per weight, and power drop rates. These results thought that acute blood flow restriction exercise have a positive effect on muscle contraction by activating femoral quadriceps and blood pressure stable.

Off-design performance analysis of gas turbines

This work deals with the off-design performance analysis of gas turbines. Two gas turbine power stations in Rivers state, Nigeria were used as case studies. Ambient temperature-induced off-design calculations were carried out. This is because no gas turbine operates at its design point in the field and ambient temperature is one of the parameters that changes more frequently in gas turbine operation. Off-design performance models were developed to estimate the power output, thermal efficiency and the exhaust gas temperature at different ambient temperature values. Input data were obtained from the two gas turbine operations and engine adaptation results from previous researches. The power output and the thermal efficiency drops with increase in ambient temperature while the exhaust gas temperature increases with increase in ambient temperature. On the average, power output drops by 1.13 MW when ambient temperature increases by 10 ◦C for the first gas turbine power plant and the value obtained for the second gas turbine power plant which is smaller is 0.473 showing that the power drop is dependent on the power output of the plant. For the same range of ambient temperature increase, thermal efficiency drops by 0.637 % and 0.583 % respectively for the two power plants. Larger drop in power output as well as thermal efficiency occurs at the lower temperature values. The exhaust gas temperature increases with ambient temperature almost uniformly with average value of 1.29 K and 1.21 K respectively for 1◦C increase in ambient temperature. The simulated results closely matched the results obtained from the field at different ambient temperatures. The results of this work will guide power plant operators in economic analysis by estimating the power output beforehand.

The Influence of Free Acid in Vanadium Redox‐Flow Battery Electrolyte on “Power Drop” Effect and Thermally Induced Degradation

A series of vanadium redox‐flow battery (VRFB) electrolytes at 1.55 m vanadium and 4.5 m total sulfate concentration are prepared from vanadyl sulfate solution and tested under conditions of appearance of “power drop” effect (discharge at high current density from high state‐of‐charge). A correlation between the initial electrolyte composition, the thermal stability of catholyte, and the susceptibility of VRFB to exhibit a “power drop” effect is derived. The increase in total acidity to 3 m, expressed as concentration of sulfuric acid in precursor vanadyl sulfate solution, enables “power drop”‐free operation of VRFB at least at 75 mA cm−2. Thermally‐induced degradation of electrolyte is evaluated based on decrease in vanadium concentration in the electrolyte series after exposure to the temperature of 45 °C and based on characterization of catholytes series using 51V, 17O, and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Fat Mass Index Is Associated With Lower Anaerobic Power In Professional Soccer Players

PURPOSE: To analyze the association between fat mass index (kg/m2) and anaerobic power. METHODS: We evaluated 24 professional male soccer players aged 18 to 35 y. We assessed their fat content with a whole-body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan, and then we adjusted the fat mass (kg) by squared height in meters (m2) to calculate the fat mass index for the whole body, legs, and trunk. Anaerobic power was assessed with a 30s Wingate test to obtain three variables: peak power, average power, and power drop. All adjusted for body mass. The association between the fat mass index and anaerobic power was analyzed with linear regression. Descriptive statistics were reported as median (25th - 75th percentiles). RESULTS: Fat mas index for the whole body, legs, and trunk were 2.9 (2.6 - 3.7), 1.1 (1.0 - 1.5), and 1.4 (1.2 - 1.9), respectively. For peak power, average power, and power drop, the participants showed 12.2 (11.6 - 13.2) W/kg, 9.2 (8.8 - 9.7) W/kg, and 0.21 (0.18 - 0.24) W/kg/s, respectively. The fat mass index was not significantly associated with peak power nor power drop for any of the analyzed sections (whole body, legs, and trunk). However, it was significantly associated with average power for all sections. This association was better described by the fat mass index at trunk than for the whole body and legs. CONCLUSIONS: Higher fat mass index is associated with lower average anaerobic power in professional soccer players. Nonetheless, the trunk fat mass index appears to be more relevant to explain this association.Table 1: Association between fat mass index (kg/m2) and anaerobic power.

Methods For Estimating Anaerobic Glycolytic Capacity (vLa Max ) In Trained Cyclists

PURPOSE: The maximum rate of lactate production (vLaMax) can be used to estimate the maximum anaerobic energy contribution, which can be used to optimize endurance training. The aim of this study was to examine the reliability of a 20-sec vLaMax estimate using either a variable or standardized alactic time interval (talac). METHODS: 16 trained male cyclists and triathletes (35.3 + 8.9 yo, 1.80 + 0.05 m, and 73.3 + 11.2 kg, average 30-sec Wingate power of 9.0 +1.6 W.kg-1) were recruited. Subjects completed two familiarization trials on their own before completing two 20-sec maximal sprints on their own bikes which were attached to a Wahoo Kickr trainer. Each session began with a 10-min warm-up at 100 W before each sprint and were then followed by 12-min passive rest. A lactate (HLa) sample was taken from the finger at the end of the sprint and then every 2-min after that until HLa dropped > 1 mM. vLaMax was then calculated using (HLa post - pre)/(20-sec - alactic time), where talac was either time 0-sec to time where power drops 3.5%, or was set at 5-sec. RESULTS: Individual sprint sessions data were analyzed and no significant differences (p>0.05) nor were noted between session 1 and 2 data; all data were pooled and then vLaMax calculated using methods described above. Mean 20-sec sprint power was 9.8 + 1.0 W.kg-1 (~109% of Wingate) and a total work of 14.5 + 2.7. The talac was calculated to be 4.0 + 2.3-sec. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the calculated vLaMax 0.51 + 0.18 mM.L-1.sec-1 and vLaMax using the a standard 5-sec value, 0.54 + 0.15 mM.L-1.sec-1. Neither vLaMax value appears to be associated (r2 < 0.10, p>0.05) with absolute sprint performance. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that using a standard talac of 5-sec produced similar results as calculating it using a 3.5% drop in power. While vLaMax may ultimately influence HLa testing curves (i.e., lactate threshold) and endurance performance, it does not appear to be associated with actual sprint power output.

PVT Cell Performance Characteristics and Efficiency with Phase Change Material

The PV panel temperature increase causes the drop in output power and electrical efficiency . The power generation of PV module is highly influenced by the temperature and so cooling is required to increase the PV panel electrical efficiency. PV panel electrical efficiency can be increased by keeping the low operating temperature as low as possible, preferably at temperature of 250 C and irradiation 1000 w/m2 . The temperature regulation with efficient control methods of PV modules can increase its efficiency by a significant level. The PVT-PCM systems elevated about 28 to 42% more heat storage capacity than that of for a longer period and around 8 to 12 % escalation in output. The application of phase change materials (PCM) can be a better solution for this purpose, because phase change material (PCM) has large energy storage capacity and nearly constant charging / discharging temperature during phase change transitions .It can be used to regulate the PV cell temperature and store the thermal energy for solar heating systems photoelectric conversion efficiency of a PV system was improved by using different PCM. In this study we are trying to increase the efficiency by using different fin layout of the heat sink and comparing the experimental data for optimal fin design to effectively disperse heat through PCM material. The PVT panel surface back side was attached with the aluminum container with different (Geometric, Spherical &amp; fins) configurations with PCM and with out PCM of single/different materials. Present study carried on aluminum H-30 box holding PCM material with fins and covering plate to which the photo voltaic cell attached then a different sensors to collect temperature data and irradiation levels at different regions. The design parameters was changed with fins and geometrical shape and found the derating factor. The derating factor was found with fins and with out pins along with PCM and with out PCM. Both experimental and theoretical values were compared ,the study revealed that the derating factor value was 13.2 without PCM the and 4.40 with PCM with out fins . The results revealed that relation between experimental measurement values and theoretical values . The study confirmed PCM with better fin design will increase the effective surface area can increase the cooling of PVT panel , results the escalation in electrical out put

Experimental investigation of two-phase liquid–vapor flows in additive manufactured heat exchanger

In heat exchangers design, suitable numerical tools are necessary to find the appropriate structure and optimize a reference configuration that could provide the optimal balance between thermal power and pressure drop. Optimized designs often involve complex 3D structures that can now be produced using additive manufacturing technology. In two-phase heat exchangers, flows involving heat and mass transfer are the result of complex coupling between fluid properties and operating conditions, making design and optimization processes hard to achieve. Parameters such as two-phase heat transfer coefficient can be determined by experimental methods. In this paper, an experimental investigation of flow boiling and condensation in an additive manufactured heat exchanger was conducted. This heat exchanger mainly consists of two identical channels, each of hydraulic diameter 3 mm, with n-pentane and water used as working and heat transfer fluids, respectively. An experimental metrology based on infrared thermography was implemented in order to determine the profiles of local thermohydraulic parameters. The obtained experimental data were analyzed and discussed.