THE outstanding feature of the postwar economy of Japan is the extent to which it has depended on American aid. Although the amount of such aid, comprising several elements, can be estimated directly, its simplest measure may be found in the unfavorable trade balances,' which totaled 202 million dollars in I946, 353 million in I947, 424 million in I948, and 224 million in the first half of I949.2 These sums represent less than one-fifth of one per cent of the gross national product of the United States, but their effect on the Japanese economy must be appraised in terms of their relation to the scale of economic activities in Japan. This measurement can be made by converting the sums representing dollar aid into figures representing the purchasing power of Japanese currency and then comparing them with the Japanese national income, as in the table on the next page. These figures afford a rough indication of the extent to which American aid has contributed to the support and recovery of the Japanese economy. In view of the fact that the ratio of net investment to national income is not likely to exceed io per cent in so inactive an economy as that of postwar Japan, one might perhaps deduce that American aid made possible such positive net investment as did take place. In any case, there is no question but that this aid has been the most important deflationary factor in a situation in which inflationary pressures have been both violent and persistent.