Power Conversion Efficiency Research Articles

Nitrogen-rich carbon dots as the antisolvent additive for perovskite-based photovoltaic devices.

Solution-processed perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have demonstrated a tremendous growth in power conversion efficiency (PCE). A high-quality, defect-free perovskite-based active layer is a key point to enhance PSC performance. Introduction of additives and interlayers have proved to be an effective tool to passivate surface defects, control crystal growth, and improve PSC stability. Antisolvent engineering has emerged recently as a new approach, which aims to adjust perovskite layer properties and enhance the PCE and stability of PSC devices. Here, we demonstrate that carbon dots (CDs) may serve as a prospective additive for antisolvent engineering. Nitrogen-rich amphiphilic CDs were synthesized from amines by a solvothermal method and used as an additive to chlorobenzene for a perovskite layer fabrication. The interaction between perovskite and functional groups in CDs promotes improved crystallization of an active perovskite layer and defects passivation, bringing higher PSCs efficiency, stability, and suppressed hysteresis. Under optimized CD concentration, the maximum PCE increased by 34% due to the improved short-circuit current and fill factor, and the device maintains 87% of its initial efficiency after 6 d of storage under ambient conditions.

Nonradiative Energy Transfer Enables a hv < Eg Response of Perovskite Quantum Dots in Si-Based Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Solar Cells.

High performance is a crucial factor in seeking a more competitive levelized cost of electricity for the extensive popularization of c-Si solar cells. Here, CsPbBr3 quantum dots (QDs) have been first applied as the light-converting layer to enhance the full-spectrum light response, resulting in an ∼71% enhancement of power conversion efficiency within silicon-based solar cells. Remarkably, even if the photon energy is smaller than the bandgap of CsPbBr3 QDs, the long-wavelength external quantum efficiency shows a significant increase. Such surprising results can be attributed to the nonradiative energy transfer (NRET) mechanism of CsPbBr3 QDs, which can transfer long-wavelength-generated dipoles into the Si base with the assistance of a Coulomb force. Furthermore, a dipole-transferring model, which considers that the Al2O3 passivation layer would play a negative role in the NRET process, is creatively but supportively proposed. These results highlight a simple, low-cost but promising strategy to improve the performance of c-Si solar cells.

Tetrapodal Hole-Collecting Monolayer Materials Based on Saddle-Like Cyclooctatetraene Core for Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells.

Hole-collecting monolayers have greatly advanced the development of positive-intrinsic-negative perovskite solar cells (p-i-n PSCs). To date, however, most of the anchoring groups in the reported monolayer materials are designed to bind to the transparent conductive oxide (TCO) surface, resulting in less availability for other functions such as tuning the wettability of the monolayer surface. In this work, we developed two anchorable molecules, 4PATTI-C3 and 4PATTI-C4, by employing a saddle-like indole-fused cyclooctatetraene as a p-core with four phosphonic acid anchoring groups linked through propyl or butyl chains. Both molecules form monolayers on TCO substrates. Thanks to the saddle shape of a cyclooctatetraene skeleton, two of the four phosphonic acid anchoring groups were found to point upward, resulting in hydrophilic surfaces. Compared to the devices using 4PATTI-C4 as the hole-collecting monolayer, 4PATTI-C3-based devices exhibit a faster hole-collection process, leading to higher power conversion efficiencies of up to 21.7% and 21.4% for a mini-cell (0.1 cm2) and a mini-module (1.62 cm2), respectively, together with good operational stability. This work represents how structural modification of multipodal molecules could substantially modulate the functions of the hole-collecting monolayers after being adsorbed onto TCO substrates.

Crown Ethers with Different Cavity Diameters Inhibit Ion Migration and Passivate Defects toward Efficient and Stable Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells.

Organic-inorganic hybrid metal halide perovskite solar cells have been considered as one of the most promising next-generation photovoltaic technologies. Nevertheless, perovskite defects and Li+ ionic migration will seriously affect the power conversion efficiency and stability of the formal device. Herein, we designed two crown ether derivatives (PC12 and PC15) with different cavity diameters, which selectively bind to different metal cations. It is found that PC15 in perovskite precursor solution can actively regulate the nucleation and crystallization processes and passivate the uncoordinated Pb2+ ions, while PC12 at the interface between the perovskite layer and hole-transporting layer can effectively inhibit the migration of Li+ ions and reduce nonradiative recombination losses. Therefore, PC12 and PC15 can act as "lubricant" and defect passivators, as well as inhibitors of ion migration, when they are synergistically applied at the surface and bulk of perovskite layer. Consequently, the optimized device achieved a champion efficiency of 24.8% with significantly improved humidity, thermal, and light stability.

Regulating Surface Metal Abundance via Lattice-Matched Coordination for Versatile and Environmentally-Viable Sn-Pb Alloying Perovskite Solar Cells.

Narrow-bandgap Sn-Pb alloying perovskites showcased great potential in constructing multiple-junction perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with efficiencies approaching or exceeding the Shockley-Queisser limit. However, the uncontrollable surface metal abundance (Sn2+ and Pb2+ ions) hinders their efficiency and versatility in different device structures. Additionally, the undesired Pb distribution mainly at the buried interface accelerates the Pb leakage when devices are damaged. In this work, a novel strategy is presented to modulate crystallization kinetics and surface metal abundance of Sn-Pb perovskites using a cobweb-like quadrangular macrocyclic porphyrin material, which features a molecular size compatible with the perovskite lattice and robustly coordinates with Pb2+ ions, thus immobilizing them and increasing surface Pb abundance by 61%. This modulation reduces toxic Pb leakage rates by 24-fold, with only ∼23 ppb Pb in water after severely damaged PSCs are immersed in water for 150 h.This strategy can also enhance chemical homogeneity, reduce trap density, release tensile strain and optimize carrier dynamics of Sn-Pb perovskites and relevant devices. Encouragingly, the power conversion efficiency (PCEs) of 23.28% for single-junction, full-stack devices and 21.34% for hole transport layer-free Sn-Pb PSCs are achieved.Notably, the related monolithic all-perovskite tandem solar cell also achieves a PCE of 27.03% with outstanding photostability.

Comparison of Pb-based and Sn-based perovskite solar cells using SCAPS simulation: optimal efficiency of eco-friendly CsSnI3 devices.

In this study, we employed the one-dimensional solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D) software to optimize the performance of Pb-based and Sn-based (Pb-free) all-inorganic perovskites (AIPs) and organic-inorganic perovskites (OIPs) in perovskite solar cell (PSC) structures. Due to the higher stability of AIPs, the performance of PSCs incorporating Cs-based perovskites was compared with that of FA-based perovskites, which are more stable than their MA-based counterparts. The impact of AIPs such as CsPbCl3, CsPbBr3, CsPbI3, CsSnCl3, CsSnBr3, and CsSnI3, as well as including FAPbCl3, FAPbBr3, FAPbI3, FASnCl3, FASnBr3, and FASnI3, was investigated. SnO2 and Cu2O were selected as an inorganic electron transport layer (ETL) and a hole transport layer (HTL), respectively. CsSnBr₃, CsSnI₃, FASnCl₃, and FASnBr₃ exhibited higher efficiency compared to their Pb-based counterparts. Additionally, most Cs-based perovskites, excluding CsPbI₃, demonstrated better performance relative to their FA counterparts. CsSnI3 AIP device also shows the highest short circuit current density (JSC) of 32.85mA/cm2, the best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.00%, and the least recombination at the SnO2/CsSnI3 interface. The thickness, doping, and total defect density of CsSnI3 PSC have been systematically investigated and optimized to obtain the PCE of 17.36%. These findings highlight the potential of CsSnI3 PSCs as efficient and environmentally friendly PSCs.

All-back-contact neutral-colored transparent crystalline silicon solar cells enabling seamless modularization

Transparent solar cells (TSCs) hold substantial potential as continuous energy generators, enabling their use in situations where conventional devices may not be feasible. However, research aimed at modularizing TSCs for the purpose of regulating the overall voltage and current they produce, a critical step toward practical application, is still in its nascent stages. In this study, we explored a custom-designed, all-back-contact (ABC) configuration, which situates all electrical contacts on the rear side, to create glass-like transparent crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells and seamless modules. The ABC design not only demonstrates high power conversion efficiency (PCE) in solar cells but also ensures unobstructed visibility through transparent solar modules. Notably, ABC-transparent c-Si solar cells achieved a peak PCE of 15.8% while maintaining an average visible transmittance of 20%. Through seamlessly interconnecting the unit cells, the output voltage and power were systematically tuned from 0.64 V and 15.8 mW (for a 1 cm2-sized unit cell) to 10.0 V and 235 mW (for a 16 cm2-sized module). Furthermore, we successfully demonstrated the photocharging of a smartphone using a transparent ABC solar module.

Facile synthesis and characterization of Cu2Se thin films and self-powered p-Cu2Se/n-Si heterojunction with high-performance photoresponse

A facile, cost-effective, and scalable chemical vapor deposition technique was used to synthesize p-type Cu2Se thin films on glass and n-type Si substrates. Thorough characterization confirmed the films’ β-phase structure with the correct stoichiometric ratio and exceptional crystalline quality, exhibiting behavior akin to a degenerate semiconductor. Measurements unveiled a work function of 4.83 eV and a bandgap of 2.13 eV for Cu2Se. The fabrication of a p-Cu2Se/n-Si heterojunction was achieved by depositing the p-type Cu2Se thin film onto the n-type Si substrate. The resulting heterostructure displayed rectification behavior, and its energy band diagram resembled a Schottky diode. Further exploration into its photoelectric properties showcased the p-Cu2Se/n-Si heterostructure’s favorable self-powered attribute, characterized by fast, steady, reproducible, sensitive, and robust photoresponsive performance. Consequently, it proves highly suitable for applications in high-frequency photodetectors. Additionally, the p-Cu2Se/n-Si heterojunction’s photovoltaic power conversion efficiency exceeded the reported values of the CuO/Si and Cu2O/Si systems. Here, this study contributes significantly to the pivotal evaluation of p-Cu2Se/n-Si heterostructures for promising optoelectronic applications.

Lattice Strain Regulation and Halogen Vacancies Passivation Enable High-Performance Formamidine-Based Perovskite Solar Cells.

Formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) perovskite has lately surfaced as the preferred contender for highly proficient and robust perovskite solar cells (PSCs), owing to its favorable bandgap and superior thermal stability. Nevertheless, volatilization and migration of iodide ions (I-) result in non-radiating recombination centers, and the presence of large formamidine (FA) cations tends to cause lattice strain, thereby reducing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of PSCs. To solve these problems, the lead formate (PbFa) is added into the perovskite solution, which effectively mitigates the halogen vacancy and provides tensile strain outside the perovskite lattice, thereby enhancing its properties. The strong coordination between the C═O of HCOO- and Pb-I backbones effectively immobilizes anions, significantly increases the energy barrier for anion vacancy formation and migration, and reduces the risk of lead ion (Pb2+) leakage, thereby improving the operation and environmental safety of the device. Consequently, the champion PCE of devices with Ag electrodes can be increased from 22.15% to 24.32%. The unencapsulated PSCs can still maintain 90% of the original PCE even be stored in an N2 atmosphere for 1440h. Moreover, the target devices have significantly improved performance in terms of light exposure, heat, or humidity.

Achieving 19.4% Efficiency Polymer Solar Cells by Reducing Backbone Disorder in Donor Terpolymers

AbstractThe ternary copolymerization strategy has emerged as a promising strategy for developing high‐efficiency donor polymers in polymer solar cells (PSCs). Terpolymers based on the star polymer PM6 have already realized good photovoltaic performance. However, challenges such as the intricate synthesis of fluorine‐substituted benzodithiophene (F‐BDT) unit of PM6 and entropy increase induced by backbone disorder have hindered the construction of high‐performance donor terpolymers. In this work, these challenges are addressed by opting for the cost‐effective chlorinated‐substituted benzodithiophene unit (Cl‐BDT) as an alternative to F‐BDT and incorporating the large dipole moment and electron‐deficient TPD group as the third component into the high‐performance donor polymer of PM7. As expected, this approach effectively suppresses terpolymer backbone disorder while enhancing crystallinity, thereby optimizing morphology and improving charge generation and transport. Remarkably, the PM7‐TPD‐10‐based device with 10% TPD replacement achieves a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.26%. After introducing PM7‐TPD‐10 as the third component into D18:L8‐BO blend, a dual mechanism for improving the efficiency to 19.40% is realized. This work demonstrates that the high dipole moiety as the third component to construct terpolymers is an important strategy to suppress the backbone disorder and increase the crystallinity, facilitating the optimization of morphology and device performance.

Bithieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione-Based Wide-Bandgap Donor Polymers for Efficient Polymer Solar Cells.

The polymer solar cells (PSCs) have garnered substantial interest owing to their lightweight, cost-effectiveness, and flexibility, making them ideal for large-scale roll-to-roll manufacturing. In this study, two wide-bandgap (WBG) donor polymers, PFBiTPD and PClBiTPD, utilizing bithieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione (BiTPD) as the electron-accepting unit and fluorinated/chlorinated benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (BDT) as the electron-donating moiety are designed and synthesized. The polymers demonstrated large optical bandgaps (exceeding 1.80eV) and are blended with ITIC-4F to form the active layers in PSCs. The PFBiTPD-based devices showed a well-dispersed fibrillar network, facilitating efficient charge generation and transport. Thus, these devices attained a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.60%, featuring a fill factor (FF) of 62.89%, an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.88V and a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 15.54mA cm-2. In contrast, PClBiTPD-based devices displayed lower performance due to less favorable morphology. The study underscores the importance of polymer design and morphology control in optimizing the photovoltaic performance of PSCs.

Utilization of Polycyclic Aromatic Solid Additives for Morphology and Thermal Stability Enhancement in Photoactive Layers of Organic Solar Cells.

Volatile solid additives have emerged as a promising strategy for enhancing film morphology and promoting the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, a series of novel polycyclic aromatic additives with analogous chemical structures, including fluorene (FL), dibenzothiophene (DBT), and dibenzofuran (DBF) derived from crude oils, are presented and incorporated into OSCs. All these additives exhibit strong interactions with the electron-deficient terminal groups of L8-BO within thebulk-heterojunction OSCs. Moreover, they demonstrate significant sublimation during thermal annealing, leading to increase free volumes for the rearrangement and recrystallization of L8-BO. This phenomenon leads to an improved film morphology and an elevated glass-transition temperature of the photoactive layers. Consequently, the PCE of the PM6:L8-BO blend has been boosted from 16.60% to 18.60% with 40 wt% DBF additives, with a champion PCE of 19.11% achieved for ternary PM6:L8-BO:BTP-eC9 OSCs. Furthermore, the prolonged shelf and thermal stability have been observed in OSCs with these additives. This study emphasizes the synergic effect of volatile solid additives on the performance and thermal stability of OSCs, highlighting their potential for advancing the field of photovoltaics.

High-Efficiency 5G-Band Rectifier with Impedance Dispersion Compensation Network

This paper proposes a microwave rectifier designed for the popular 5G band, featuring impedance dispersion compensation and a cross-type impedance matching network. The rectifier has an ultra-high power conversion efficiency. The compensation network employs two parallel transmission lines to counteract the nonlinear shift of the diode input impedance caused by frequency variation. Additionally, the cross-over impedance matching network enhances matching and minimizes losses. After rigorous theoretical analysis and simulation, the rectifier is fabricated. Experimental results show significant conversion efficiency in the 5G band (across 4–6.5 GHz). At an input power of 12 dBm, the rectifier achieves more than 60% efficiency between 4.8 and 6.4 GHz and more than 70% between 5.2 and 6.2 GHz, with a peak efficiency of 78.1%. Moreover, the rectifier maintains more than 50% efficiency over a wide input power range of 5 to 14 dBm.

Modulating Buried Interface to Achieve an Ultra‐High Open Circuit Voltage in Triple Cation Perovskite Solar Cells

AbstractThis work proposes a methodology to increase the open‐circuit voltage of perovskite solar cells via modulating the buried interface using π‐conjugated molecules, featuring a push‐pull electronic structure configuration. In the planar perovskite solar cells using tin oxide nanocrystal as an electron transport layer, the 2‐methyl‐1‐aminobenzene derivatives with 4‐(Heptafluoropropan)‐2‐methylaniline notable not only reduce the interfacial energy barrier but also passivate the defects at the buried interface. This modulation enhances the open circuit voltage of Cs0.05(FA0.85MA0.15)0.95Pb(I0.85Br0.15)3 (bandgap ≈1.60 eV) perovskite solar cell to a high value of 1.241 V and thus the power conversion efficiency to 24.16% under standard testing condition. An even higher efficiency of 25.11% can be achieved when employing in the Cs0.05MA0.05FA0.9PbI3 (bandgap ≈1.54 eV) perovskite solar cell. The open circuit voltage (1.241 V) is among the highest in triple‐cation perovskite solar cells which reaches 95% Shockley–Queisser limit. A solar‐to‐CO conversion efficiency of 11.76% can be achieved in the fabricated perovskite solar minimodule driven carbon dioxide electrolyzer. This demonstrates the potential of utilizing perovskite solar cells for CO2 conversion as a clean and green energy environment.

Improved Preparation of AgNW Film and Its Application in Flexible Counter Electrodes of Dye-Sensitized and Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract Silver nanowire (AgNW) has been wildly used to prepare flexible conducting substrate of electronic and optoelectronic devices. By coating a layer of carbon onto a polymer/AgNW substrate, a counter electrode (CE) was obtained and it offers the advantages of high flexibility, light weight, low cost, simple fabrication, and operating efficiently in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and perovskite solar cells (PSCs). By modifying the traditional unidirectional roll-coating process of AgNW to cross-directional coating, the morphology and distribution of the AgNW network was improved, which led to increased transmittance and electroconductivity, and subsequently improved cell efficiency of DSSCs and PSCs. The performance of the CEs and solar cells was further promoted by optimized fabrication process of the carbon layer. The as-prepared flexible CEs achieved great enhancement of cell efficiencies, and maximum power conversion efficiencies of 5.17% and 14.32% were obtained by DSSCs and PSCs, respectively.&amp;#xD;

Efficient and stable perovskite mini-module via high-quality homogeneous perovskite crystallization and improved interconnect

The efficiency and stability of perovskite module devices are mainly limited by the quality of scalable perovskite films and sub-cells’ lateral contact. Here, firstly, we report constant low temperature substrate to regulate the growth of perovskite intermediate films to slow down the crystallization for obtaining high-quality homogeneous perovskite films in large scale size, which avoid the effect of the ambient temperature on the film quality. Secondly, a scribing step named P1.5 was added before the top function layers deposition, the diffusion barrier layer can be formed “naturally” at the interconnection interface without introducing any additional materials, which well alleviates the diffusion degradation process. As a result, our inverted perovskite devices exhibit a very small efficiency loss with area expansion comparable to other photovoltaic devices (for example, Cadmium Telluride), the perovskite module (aperture area 14.61 cm2) shows a certified quasi-steady-state power conversion efficiency of 22.73%, and the module maintaining over 90% of its initial efficiency after 1000 hours of continuous operation under illumination.

Design considerations of CdSe solar cells for indoor applications under white LED illumination

This work sheds light on the potential of Cadmium Selenide (CdSe) solar cells for indoor applications. CdSe boasts a wide direct bandgap, high carrier mobility, and a high absorption coefficient, making it an attractive candidate for harnessing ambient indoor light. Our study centers around an experimental solar cell architecture composed of FTO/CdSe/PEDOT:PSS/CuI/ITO, which exhibits a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.00 %. Through a meticulous analysis of the core technological aspects of this cell, we successfully replicate the measured current-voltage characteristics and other experimental data, affirming the validity of our simulation modeling approach. Moving forward, we delve into the design and optimization of CdSe-based solar cells under white LED illumination. We emphasize the pivotal role of a double-hole transport layer (HTL) configuration over a single HTL, with a focus on optimizing the alignment between the HTL/back contact and HTL/absorber interfaces. The strategic incorporation of a heavily doped p-type HTL material, boasting both a deep valence band maximum (VBM) and a shallow conduction band minimum (CBM), is identified as paramount, especially for a deep VBM absorber like CdSe. Adding double HTL materials also facilitates efficient hole collection within the CdSe thin film while mitigating undesirable electron-hole recombination at the critical interface between the hole collection layer and the electrode. The implementation of a double HTL configuration based on CuI/ZnTe:Cu or CuI/BCS significantly enhances performance, resulting in a PCE in the order of 20 % under 200 lux and 2900 K LED illumination. Moreover, we introduce the single HTL design to provide other alternatives for efficiency boosting. Upon increasing the work function of the front contact, it is found that the valence band offset between the HTL and the absorber can be engineered, resulting in a PCE above 21.5 %.

Enhancing D/A Interactions via Porphyrin Isomerization to Improve Photovoltaic Performance.

The interactions between the electron donors and electron acceptors (D/A) play important roles for the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs).While the isomerization strategy is known to optimize molecular geometries and properties, the impacts of isomerization on the donors or acceptors in D/A interactions have not been extensively investigated.Here in, we innovatively investigated the impacts of donor isomerism on the D/A interactions by synthesizing two small molecule donors m-ph-ZnP2and p-ph-ZnP2by linking two functionalized porphyrins at the meta and para positions of phenyl groups, respectively.Compared with p-ph-ZnP2, m-ph-ZnP2displays reduced self-aggregation but with PC61BM.Consequently, a much higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.43% is achieved for the m-ph-ZnP2binary OSCs than the p-ph-ZnP2devices with a PCE of 2.03%.The enhanced performance of m-ph-ZnP2-based device can be primarily attributed to the stronger intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), the enhanced D/A interactions, the improved charge transfer, and the suppressed charge recombination.Furthermore, the ternary devices based on m-ph-ZnP2:Y6:PC61BM achieve a PCE of 8.34%. In short, this work elucidates the relationship among the chemical structure, D/A interactions and device performance, providing valuable guidelines for designing efficient OSCs materials.

Bayesian reverse design of high-efficiency perovskite solar cells based on experimental knowledge constraints

To alleviate high costs and lengthy trial-and-error periods associated with traditional optimization methods for perovskite solar cells (PSCs), we developed a data-driven reverse design framework for high-efficiency PSCs. This framework integrates machine learning and Bayesian optimization (BO) to accelerate the optimization process of PSCs by intelligently recommending the most promising parameter configurations for PSCs, such as device structure and fabrication processes. To improve the robustness of the framework, we first designed a two-stage sampling strategy to alleviate the issue of imbalanced dataset classes. Subsequently, by integrating “experimental knowledge constraints” into the BO process, we achieved precise parameter configurations, thus avoiding discrepancies between predicted and actual results due to parameter mismatches. Finally, using SHapley Additive exPlanations, we unveiled key factors influencing the power conversion efficiency (PCE), such as the composition of perovskite solvents. Our framework not only precisely predicted the PCE of PSCs with an area under the curve of 0.861 but also identified the optimal parameter configurations, achieving a high probability of 0.981. This framework offers substantial support for minimizing redundant experiments and characterizations, effectively accelerating the optimization process of PSCs.

Effect of Molecular Conformation on Intermolecular Interactions and Photovoltaic Performances of Giant Molecule Acceptors

AbstractThe molecular conformation of giant molecule acceptors (GMAs) plays a significant role in regulating the intermolecular interactions and their photovoltaic performances in organic solar cells (OSCs). For the linear GMA GT‐l, the stronger homo‐molecular interaction causes its aggregation being weakly affected by the donor, thus forming an ordered molecular stacking and proper phase separation in its blend film. The star‐shaped GMA GT‐s‐based blend film shows a dominant hetero‐molecular interaction that suppresses the aggregation of the donor and acceptor, resulting in smaller phase separation and more uniform vertical phase distribution. While for another star‐shaped GMA GTs, the weakest hetero‐molecular interaction causes its blend film to form larger phase separation. Therefore, the GT‐l based OSC with PM6 as donor shows the highest charge mobilities, the fastest charge transfer (CT) process, reduced energy loss and less charge recombination, contributing to a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.03%. Comparatively, the PCEs of the OSCs based on GTs and GT‐s are 18.05% and 17.58% respectively. Notably, all the three GMAs based OSCs show excellent thermal stability and long‐term storage stability. This study provides a facile strategy by tuning the linking unit and its connecting mode for designing highly efficient and stable organic photovoltaic materials.