Power Consumption Of Equipment Research Articles

Design of High-Speed Decoder for New High-Speed Bus

This paper presents a new type of high-speed error correction for the requirements of new high-Speed Bus. Use RS (255, 239). Not only optimization traditional algorithm, but also design bidirectional synchronous calculated adjoint form module, Fast B-M algorithm module. and full parallel Chien Search module. These design used in new high-Speed Bus, Larger than usual decoder designed to significantly shorten the critical path decoding, and achieve continuous decoding. In addition, this error correction system separated error detection and correction module modules, And after error detection module add intelligent control, which reduced the complexity and power consumption of equipment. The error correction system design for the requirements of the new bus which speed is above 400m / s.

Basic Characteristics of New Developed Higher-Voltage Direct-Current Power-Feeding Prototype System

High efficiency power feeding systems are effective solutions for reducing the ICT power consumption with reducing power consumption of the ICT equipment and cooling systems. A higher voltage direct current (HVDC) power feeding system prototype was produced. This system is composed of a rectifier equipment, power distribution unit, batteries, and the ICT equipment. The configuration is similar to a -48 V DC power supply system. The output of the rectifier equipment is 100 kW, and the output voltage is 401.4 V This paper present the configuration of the HVDC power feeding system and discuss its basic characteristics in the prototype system.

The Choice Between Analog or Digital AC Power Measurement in a Vodafone Base Station Data Logger

The Choice Between Analog or Digital AC Power Measurement in a Vodafone Base Station Data Logger A data logger has been built to record, for a month, the power consumption of various equipment and the temperature at different points inside and outside of a radio communication base station operated by Vodafone Portugal. Here we show how the concerns with measurement uncertainty led us to choose an analog system over a digital one for AC power measurement.

Study on Frequency Dependency of ON-Resistance and Pulse-Loss Calculation of MOSFETs for Switch Mode Power Supply

Global efforts toward energy conservation, increasing data centers, and the increasing use of IT equipments are leading to a demand in reduced power consumption of equipments, and power efficiency improvement of power supply units is becoming a necessity. MOSFETs are widely used for their low ON-resistances. Power efficiency is designed using time-domain circuit simulators, except for transformer copper-loss, which has frequency dependency which is calculated separately using methods based on skin and proximity effects. As semiconductor technology reduces the ON-resistance of MOSFETs, frequency dependency due to the skin effect or proximity effect is anticipated.In this study, ON-resistance of MOSFETs are measured and frequency dependency is confirmed. Power loss against rectangular current pulse is calculated. The calculation method for transformer copper-loss is expanded to MOSFETs. A frequency function for the resistance model is newly developed and parametric calculation is enabled. Acceleration of calculation is enabled by eliminating summation terms. Using this method, it is shown that the frequency dependent component of the measured MOSFETs increases the dissipation from 11% to 32% at a switching frequency of 100kHz.From above, this paper points out the importance of the frequency dependency of MOSFETs' ON-resistance, provides means of calculating its pulse losses, and improves loss calculation accuracy of SMPSs.

Power-Efficient Routing Mechanism for ODMA Systems

Opportunity driven multiple access (ODMA), a cellular multihop method proposed for Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems, potentially allows reduction in power consumption of user equipment (UE), extending Node B's coverage and supporting higher user data rate. However, ODMA requires extra power for discovering relaying nodes and introduces additional transmission latency in data transfer. This paper offers enlightenment to these ODMA implementation problems. A power-efficient routing (PER) mechanism is proposed to identify a minimum-power path for ODMA communication. Prior to the route (or path) discovery, the PER mechanism utilizes an analytical solution to estimate the total power and number of intermediate UEs required in the minimum-power path. With the estimation, route discovery procedures originating from nonattainable ODMA requests can be prevented. For those attainable ODMA requests that require a route discovery procedure to locate intermediate UEs, the PER mechanism further provides a method to set the transmission power and maximum hop count. Hence, the power consumption of each UE during route discovery is significantly reduced. Simulation results coincided with the analysis, and the results demonstrate the performance improvement of PER over dynamic source routing

Challenges of data center thermal management

The need for more performance from computer equipment in data centers has driven the power consumed to levels that are straining thermal management in the centers. When the computer industry switched from bipolar to CMOS transistors in the early 1990s, low-power CMOS technology was expected to resolve all problems associated with power and heat. However, equipment power consumption with CMOS has been rising at a rapid rate during the past 10 years and has surpassed power consumption from equipment installed with the bipolar technologies 10 to 15 years ago. Data centers are being designed with 15–20-year life spans, and customers must know how to plan for the power and cooling within these data centers. This paper provides an overview of some of the ongoing work to operate within the thermal environment of a data center. Some of the factors that affect the environmental conditions of data-communication (datacom) equipment within a data center are described. Since high-density racks clustered within a data center are of most concern, measurements are presented along with the conditions necessary to meet the datacom equipment environmental requirements. A number of numerical modeling experiments have been performed in order to describe the governing thermo-fluid mechanisms, and an attempt is made to quantify these processes through performance metrics.

Dynamic CO recognition in presence of interfering gases by using one MOX sensor and a selected temperature profile

The purpose of this study is the selection of an appropriate measurement technique for the detection of CO in indoor environments (100 ppm CO detection threshold limit), also in presence of high concentrations of ethanol (up to 1000 ppm) by using only one sensor. SnO 2 sensors are widely used for the detection of air contaminants such as CO. Nevertheless, their application encounters some problems, first of all the effect of interfering gases. The low selectivity is in fact a well-known problem of these sensors. Moreover, the high operating temperature of metal oxide sensors implies in general high power consumption. This work aims at developing very low size and power consumption equipment, that could be battery operated, to be used in portable CO detectors.

Direct conversion of radio-frequency signal receiver

Increased demands for low cost of hardware, small size and low power consumption of equipment in cellular mobile communications have driven designers to resurrect the direct conversion receiver. Long abandoned in favor of the mature superheterodine receiver, the direct conversion receiver has emerged over the last decade. Direct conversion reception has several qualities which makes it very suitable for integration as well as multi-band multi-standard operation. This paper describes the characteristics of the direct conversion receiver as well as the inherent imperfections of the superheterodine receiver from the aspect of integration.

Consumption Target Values for Electrical Appliances in Switzerland

Target values for the power consumption of electrical equipment have been laid down in Switzerland in collaboration with the industry as a new type of energy policy instrument. As a general rule, 95% of the equipment sold is required to comply with these target values by the set deadlines, otherwise the government is authorised to issue admission restrictions. An evaluation of these measures has indicated that manufacturers and importers displayed a motivated and constructive approach during these negotiations and have set out to meet the consumption values. Although the targeted sales figures for efficient appliances have not yet been reached in any of the equipment categories, it can be stated that a step has certainly been taken in the right direction. In combination with the effects of the “Energy 2000 Label”, the stipulation of consumption target values can already be described as a successful move, especially in the fields of office and electronic entertainment equipment.

Micro scientific spacecraft in Japan

As a simple experimental means, scientists and engineers have been interested in micro scientific spacecraft. Based on the many experiences of launching small scientific satellites in Japan, a micro spacecraft (lunar penetrator) is being developed for a lunar exploration mission (LUNAR-A) at the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS). In this case, penetrators are separated from a mother spacecraft orbiting around the Moon. These penetrators will make hard landing with a shock of about 10,000 g and will penetrate about 1 ∼ 3 m of the lunar surface. They will send seismometric data, temperature data, etc. to the earth via the mother spacecraft. Since the weight allowed for a penetrator is limited to only 14 kg, including batteries and structure, we are developing small size, lightweight and low power consumption equipment. To realize equipment with these specifications, we are applying a surface mounted technique, consumer and industry electronics devices, gate arrays and low voltage operating devices to the penetrator by utilizing a special assembly technique to withstand the expected high g environment. Using these technologies and experience from small scientific satellites, micro scientific spacecraft are being developed.

Computers as energy consumers

The number of computers in operation is growing rapidly. At the same time, newer models become more and more energy-efficient. Against the background of these two developments, this paper examines the power consumption of computers and other electronic equipment. Preliminary estimates indicate that in 1988, in Switzerland, electronic equipment consumed about 4% of the total electricity demand. In the future, a considerable rise of this fraction may be expected.

A study on biquad SCF with one operational amplifier

AbstractProgress in decreasing the power consumption of communications equipment has created a need for corresponding decreases in the power consumption of switched capacitor filters (SCF). Ishikawa and Laker haver suggested reducing the number of opamps used by means of time sharing. In the present paper a general form of a biquad SCF with a single opamp for time‐sharing use is proposed and a new biquad SCF design is derived. The possibility of designing such SCF's with a small DC offset is demonstrated. Tests with individual components confirm the effectiveness of such devices.

Radionavigation in a time of change

The dramatic reductions in the cost, size, weight and power consumption of electronic equipment during the last decade have had an especially profound effect on the practice of radionavigation. Traditional users of radio aids now have equipment of smaller size and increased reliability and performance which provide many additional functions by virtue of their greatly enhanced computing power. At the same time a completely new consumer market has been created which has come to dominate the entire radionavigation industry. This process of change is illustrated by examining the development of low-cost receivers for three radionavigation systems: direction-finding, Loran-C and Decca Navigator. The paper then shows how the use of other marine and aeronautical navigation aids has changed and describes novel applications of radio techniques made possible by these technical developments.

Energy-efficient display technology

With the trend towards portability and, hence, the need for lower power consumption of electronic equipment, the energy efficiency of displays is assuming a more significant role in equipment design.